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87-481: Pančevo ( Serbian Cyrillic : Панчево, pronounced [pâːntʃeʋo] ; German : Pantschowa ; Hungarian : Pancsova ; Romanian : Panciova ; Slovak : Pánčevo ) is a city and the administrative center of the South Banat District in the autonomous province of Vojvodina , Serbia . It is located on the shores of rivers Tamiš and Danube , in the southern part of Banat region. Since

174-604: A war crime massacre in the city when 36 Serbian people were murdered by hanging and shooting as a reprisal for the deaths of 9 Volksdeutsche members of the paramilitary formation Mannschaft , a part of the SS Division Das Reich , and a wounded comrade of that division, attacked by three men of the Royal Yugoslavian Army before the state surrender . On April 11, 1941, Royal Cavalry officers Stevan Rikanović, Saša Rakezić and Milan Orlić gave

261-539: A challenge in Unicode modeling, as the glyphs differ only in italic versions, and historically non-italic letters have been used in the same code positions. Serbian professional typography uses fonts specially crafted for the language to overcome the problem, but texts printed from common computers contain East Slavic rather than Serbian italic glyphs. Cyrillic fonts from Adobe, Microsoft (Windows Vista and later) and

348-648: A complete one-to-one congruence, with the Latin digraphs Lj, Nj, and Dž counting as single letters. The updated Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was officially adopted in the Principality of Serbia in 1868, and was in exclusive use in the country up to the interwar period . Both alphabets were official in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and later in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . Due to

435-512: A few other font houses include the Serbian variations (both regular and italic). If the underlying font and Web technology provides support, the proper glyphs can be obtained by marking the text with appropriate language codes. Thus, in non-italic mode: whereas: Since Unicode unifies different glyphs in same characters, font support must be present to display the correct variant. The standard Serbian keyboard layout for personal computers

522-528: A former Viennese acquaintance who has been living as an emigrant for years in Belgrade. And when I tell him that I want to visit relatives of a deceased friend in Pančevo, he recommends me: Germans live there. Open your eyes - and shut your mouth. Franz Theodor Csokor , March 1941. In April 1941, Pančevo was occupied during the invasion of Yugoslavia by Germany . On 21-22 April, 1941, Wehrmacht soldiers committed

609-645: A habitat for over 100 species of birds, 63 species of which are natural rarities. The City Forest with over 300 hectares, and the National Garden, the largest city park with almost 15 hectares, are located just a few minutes walk from the center of Pančevo and are home to many species of birds. A particularly important bird habitat, in addition to the Ponjavica Nature Park and the Ivanovačka Ada Special Nature Reserve,

696-491: A military commission of Viennese Hofkriegsrat registered all people and number of more or less habitable houses, and Habsburg government encouraged massive immigration of German settlers for administrative furnishing and developing new district of Military Frontier . In January 1794, Francis II signed the charter of borough rights of Pančevo, there is no other real evidence like a deed of City founding. In 1852, fortification has been slighted for urban expanding. In 1873,

783-684: A signal during the German parade that they did not accept the looming Yugoslavian defeat. They erected temporary scaffolding behind a wall of a Catholic cemetery and fired at the Nazi Mannschaft, who, after overcoming that surprise, returned fire immediately, assisted by two SS men who had been seated in a nearby German café. On April 6, 1941 , members of the Mannschaft had already daubed anti-semitic slogans on some graves in this cemetery; some gravestones were badly damaged, too, but they put on

870-476: A small playground for children has been added in front of the Tax Administration office. This significantly altered the appearance of this part of the park since it was previously known only for the famous ''Sower'' statue. Serbian Cyrillic Reformed Serbian based its alphabet on the previous 18th century Slavonic-Serbian script, following the principle of "write as you speak and read as it

957-471: Is Davorin Jenko , who conducted the choir from 1863 to 1865. In the present, the choir is conducted for the fourth time in a continuous sequence by a woman. The most important Cultural Center of the city (Kulturni Centar Pančeva) is located in the former theater building of the city, founded in 1947 and named National Theater which realized play productions in cooperation with National Theater Novi Sad . In 1956,

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1044-478: Is 77 meters. The southern city quarters are located on the bank of the Danube , the western quarters to the bank of Tamiš . The Danube river islands Forkontumac and Čakljanac are southernmost part of urban area. Pančevo has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification : Cfa ). Nature reserves near the city, the coastal areas of the rivers Tamiš and Danube , as well as numerous islands, are

1131-517: Is a long-term threat to natural environment and human health. There are two protected natural resources located in surroundings of the city, the natural monument Ivanov's island ( Serbian Ivanovačka ada) and the Nature Park Ponjavica . The following table gives a preview of total number of registered people employed in legal entities per their core activity (as of 2022):  The most important road that runs through Pančevo

1218-524: Is a single but well known board game club in Pančevo. Founded in 2015, Klub d20 brings together people who love all kinds of games, as well as epic and science fiction. It's meant to cater to all ages, from 5 to 105, to all those who are willing to learn something new through games and to get acquainted with new, non-classic board games of different kinds such as RPG, card and video. The club also organizes movies nights and watching of TV series, as well as literary evenings and tribunes on appropriate topics. In

1305-723: Is also an official script in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro , along with Gaj's Latin alphabet . Serbian Cyrillic is in official use in Serbia , Montenegro , and Bosnia and Herzegovina . Although Bosnia "officially accept[s] both alphabets", the Latin script is almost always used in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina , whereas Cyrillic is in everyday use in Republika Srpska . The Serbian language in Croatia

1392-473: Is as follows: Deliblatska Pe%C5%A1%C4%8Dara Deliblato Sands ( Serbian : Делиблатска пешчара , romanized :  Deliblatska peščara ; Hungarian : Delibláti-homokpuszta ) is a large sand area covering around 300 km (120 sq mi) of ground in Vojvodina province, Serbia . It is located in southern Banat , situated between the river Danube and the southwestern slopes of

1479-529: Is officially recognized as a minority language; however, the use of Cyrillic in bilingual signs has sparked protests and vandalism . Serbian Cyrillic is an important symbol of Serbian identity. In Serbia, official documents are printed in Cyrillic only even though, according to a 2014 survey, 47% of the Serbian population write in the Latin alphabet whereas 36% write in Cyrillic. The following table provides

1566-634: Is organized annually. In decades, until 2019, 432 artists participated in workshops, producing thousands of works, out of which 1,288 were given to the town of Pančevo . Established in 1969, the colony is centered at Devojački Bunar. The sands was used as a filming location for numerous international and Serbian films: Genghis Khan (1965), I Even Met Happy Gypsies (1967), It Rains in My Village (1968), Who's Singin' Over There? (1980), The Elusive Summer of '68 (1984), Battle of Kosovo (1989), The White Suit (1999), St. George Shoots

1653-679: Is rich in floral diversity, it is home to 900 different species of plants which many are considered by international standards rare or endemic to the Pannonian Basin . Regions of similar terrain across Europe have been cultivated , forested or otherwise altered, while Deliblato Sands has largely remained untouched. Some of the endangered and endemic species of flora include the Banat peony , steppe peony , Pančić wormwood , bulrush and dwarf Russian almond . Twenty different species of Orchidaceae grow in this area. Tree species used for

1740-583: Is the Deliblato Sands Special Nature Reserve, which is partly located in Pančevo. The notable bird species found in Pančevo are the white-tailed eagle, black storks, bullfinch and black-winged stilt. The first lowland feeding ground in Serbia for the white-tailed eagle, which is on the list of endangered species, was built on the territory of Pančevo. In the late 19th and early 20th century many archaeological artifacts of

1827-821: Is the European route E70 which forms a bypass around the city center, connecting the city with Belgrade . The IB-14 highway to Smederevo via Kovin starts here, and so does the IIA-130 highway to Ečka . As the most important regional mode of transport on road is made available a bus route network for public passenger traffic by Autotransport Pančevo since 1948. Having a relatively small population, Pančevo has no less than four passenger railway stations : Pančevo Glavna stanica, Pančevo Varoš, Pančevo Strelište and Pančevo Vojlovica. Apart from these, Serbian Railways also serve some important industries, such as NIS oil refinery and mineral fertilizer HIP-Azotara . In April 1894,

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1914-543: Is tied up with Belgrade economy, as the distance between the cities is only 14 kilometers. The industrial site of NIS refinery is the largest one of all refineries in Serbia. In 1999, the industrial site was strategically bombed by NATO bombing of Yugoslavia . Precise targets included the refinery, the town's airport , the Utva aircraft industry and HIP factory . The UNEP reported in studies about soil and groundwater contamination caused by NATO bombardment. The contamination

2001-575: Is today left to the elements. The chronic problem in the sands is the lack of drinking water. Extensive grapevine cultivation spread while the sands were part of the Banat Military Frontier , until 1873. It was said that "there was no house without a grapevine" at the time. There were also large vineyard plantations, like the Pálfi and Sauerwald at Kajtasovo , Emanuelovac at Dubovac , Wekerle at Vladimirovac , Mramorak Vineyards and

2088-460: Is written", removing obsolete letters and letters representing iotated vowels , introducing ⟨J⟩ from the Latin alphabet instead, and adding several consonant letters for sounds specific to Serbian phonology . During the same period, linguists led by Ljudevit Gaj adapted the Latin alphabet, in use in western South Slavic areas, using the same principles. As a result of this joint effort, Serbian Cyrillic and Gaj's Latin alphabets have

2175-554: The American football team Pančevo Panthers . Currently, the most successful athlete is Slobodan Bitević who lives in the city. Dušan Borković is a Serbian auto racing driver from Pančevo. He was the two time European champion 2012 European Hill Climb Championship and 2015 European Touring Car Cup , and also a member of the National Assembly of Serbia from 2016 to 2020. One of the most prominent and famous parts of

2262-593: The Belgrade Offensive by the Allied Armies , a part of the German population left the city, together with the defeated German army. In November 1944, in cooperation with the OZNA , a KNOJ brigade was set up to denazify the region, consisting of 20 elite partisans who volunteered to execute symbolic deterrent measures under the supreme command of Brigade Commander Svetozar Rupić . All measures began for

2349-726: The Carpathian Mountains . The sands are named after the village of Deliblato , in the municipality of Kovin . Its main masses are elliptical shaped hills with steppe grassland plains and steppe forests . The Deliblato Sands is the largest sandy terrain in Europe , once part of a vast prehistoric desert , having originated from the withdrawal of the Pannonian Sea . They are home to many endemic species of plants and animals which are rare or endangered in Europe and globally. Due to its forest and surroundings, it

2436-748: The Deutsche Jugend (including the DMB ) and dedicated to Nazism. In 1943, the Südostdeutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft issued a very treacherously worded census with the note "for official use only," stating that "there are amazingly fifty eight 'orthodox Germans' in it," which is a phrase used to describe collaborators of Romanian origin. In 1944, after the defeat of the German Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS during

2523-511: The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia . The city was the administrative center of the region from all these centuries to the present. The administration of the municipality of Pančevo is structured in 9 local communities (Mesna zajednica, singular ; abbreviation MZ) of seven villages, two towns and the city of Pančevo, structured in eight local communities of eight city districts with several quarters. The administrative area differs to

2610-545: The Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia , limiting it for use in religious instruction. A decree was passed on January 3, 1915, that banned Serbian Cyrillic completely from public use. An imperial order on October 25, 1915, banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in the Condominium of Bosnia and Herzegovina , except "within the scope of Serbian Orthodox Church authorities". In 1941, the Nazi puppet Independent State of Croatia banned

2697-661: The Preslav Literary School at the end of the 9th century. The earliest form of Cyrillic was the ustav , based on Greek uncial script, augmented by ligatures and letters from the Glagolitic alphabet for consonants not found in Greek. There was no distinction between capital and lowercase letters. The standard language was based on the Slavic dialect of Thessaloniki . Part of the Serbian literary heritage of

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2784-534: The Stone Age period were found, remains of settlements and places of burial from the times of Bronze Age ( Urnfield culture ) and Ancient Rome on the urban area. Most of the objects are exhibited at the National Museum of the town. In 1154, Arabic Muslim geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi described region in his Book of Pleasant Journeys into Faraway Lands as important mercantile place. Regional area

2871-461: The wolf , deer , roe deer and boar . Remains from the Bronze Age were discovered in the locality of Židovar . Other localities (Đurica, Grebenac, Veliki Grad, Mali Grad) contain remains of the habitation from the 13th century BC to the 1500s and 1600s. Roman period is represented with the trench near Kovin ( Rimski šanac ). In 1789, Austrian authorities, which controlled the area at

2958-480: The 2022 census 115,454 people have been living in the Pančevo administrative area. Pančevo is the third largest city in Vojvodina and the seventh largest in Serbia by population. Pančevo was first mentioned in 1153 and was described as an important mercantile place. It gained the status of a city in 1873 following the disestablishment of the Military Frontier in that region. For most of its period, it

3045-497: The 2022 census, the city proper has a population of 73,401, while the administrative area has a population of 115,454, 57% more than the city proper. The oldest and most traditional cultural institution of the city is the Serbian Church Choral Society, founded in 1838 and the oldest still existing Choral Society of today's Serbia. Since its inception, probably the most famous of all honorable choirmasters

3132-643: The Danube, is known as the Labudovo Okno. It has been declared a Ramsar wetland in 2006. The section covers an area of some 40 km (15 sq mi) and includes marshes, ponds, meanders, river islands of Žilovo, Čibuklija and Zavojska Ada, meanders of the Karaš river and the submerged mouth of the Nera into the Danube. It is one of the most important migratory birds habitats in Serbia. The Deliblato Sands

3219-626: The Gymnasium founded in 1863. Among its notable students are Mihajlo Pupin and Uroš Predić , after whom the Gymnasium was named in 1958. Pančevo is the economic center of South Banat District. There are many industrial companies in processing of oil , steel, aluminum, glass, corn , grain , in metalworking , in producing petrochemicals , fertilizer , commercial packaging, PET molding machines, clothes, grain mill products, bacon and other food, in construction of aircraft, thermal power stations and buildings of steel beams . Pančevo's economy

3306-595: The Middle Ages are works such as Miroslav Gospel , Vukan Gospels , St. Sava's Nomocanon , Dušan's Code , Munich Serbian Psalter , and others. The first printed book in Serbian was the Cetinje Octoechos (1494). It's notable extensive use of diacritical signs by the Resava dialect and use of the djerv (Ꙉꙉ) for the Serbian reflexes of Pre-Slavic *tj and *dj (* t͡ɕ , * d͡ʑ , * d͡ʒ , and * tɕ ), later

3393-566: The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet by following strict phonemic principles on the Johann Christoph Adelung ' model and Jan Hus ' Czech alphabet . Karadžić's reforms of standard Serbian modernised it and distanced it from Serbian and Russian Church Slavonic , instead bringing it closer to common folk speech, specifically, to the dialect of Eastern Herzegovina which he spoke. Karadžić was, together with Đuro Daničić ,

3480-426: The Serbian alphabet. Serbian Cyrillic does not use several letters encountered in other Slavic Cyrillic alphabets. It does not use hard sign ( ъ ) and soft sign ( ь ), particularly due to a lack of distinction between iotated consonants and non-iotated consonants, but the aforementioned soft-sign ligatures instead. It does not have Russian/Belarusian Э , Ukrainian/Belarusian І , the semi-vowels Й or Ў , nor

3567-540: The South Banat region and its economy is also mostly tied up to Belgrade's economy. HIP factory is located in Pančevo as well as UTVA which was heavily damaged during the bombing of Yugoslavia in 1999 . Pančevo is also well known for its brewery and silk factory which were founded in the early 18th century, and as well as the light bulb factory which are all now defunct. Pančevo is also home to many historical objects, museums and parks. In Serbian and Macedonian ,

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3654-467: The alphabet still in progress. In his letters from 1815 to 1818 he used: Ю, Я, Ы and Ѳ. In his 1815 song book he dropped the Ѣ. The alphabet was officially adopted in 1868, four years after his death. From the Old Slavic script Vuk retained these 24 letters: He added one Latin letter: And 5 new ones: He removed: Orders issued on the 3 and 13 October 1914 banned the use of Serbian Cyrillic in

3741-556: The balcony of the building, in which he spoke about the "liberation of regional Germans from Yugoslav slavery" and announced "three days of celebrations until the birthday of our Führer." On April 20, 1941, the Kreisführer was personally gifted with a portrait of Hitler by Heinrich Knirr , who was "visiting his beloved homeland". On May 1, 1941, selected policemen from the Banatian State Guard were publicly sworn in at

3828-452: The center published all popular stories of Zigomar Comics in a collected edition. Since 1977, the House of Youth (Dom omladine) is venue of the event Rukopisi ( Manuscripts ) where young writers are presented each year. The facility also promotes many other events like FreeDOM Art Festival . There is also the continuous Film festival PAFF worth mentioning which has a good reputation beyond

3915-455: The city began to realize a concept for revitalizing the industrial heritage and in the following year, the Đorđe Vajfert Brewery Museum was opened in the presence of the Austrian and German ambassadors. In the same year, a new summer festival called Vajfert Days was held for the first time. The intention of the organizer is to promote the tourist, cultural, artistic and economic potential of

4002-670: The city is the park. It is located in the very heart of Pančevo. The park and the Kralj Petar square represent the ''lungs'' of the city. In late 2021, the reconstruction of the park began. JKP Zelenilo hired the Faculty of Forestry do a detailed estimate of the health of trees located in the park, the JKP Vodovod i kanalizacija were hired to work on the reconstruction of the plumbing, rainwater and sewage pipes. The lightning system should also undergo reconstruction. In March 2022

4089-481: The city was connected to the European railways net . The municipality lies on left bank downriver of Danube which is one of the Europe's main waterways. The new harbor was built in 1947, Tamiš discharges into Danube just outside the town of Pančevo. There are some popular sporting clubs in town, the football (soccer) team FK Železničar Pančevo , the women's football club ŽFK , the basketball club KK Tamiš and

4176-407: The city. There is an archive of the city, founded in 1947 and it is located in former barracks of Austrian-Hungarian Army . The archive collects and preserves materials of town's history from all centuries. Pančevo's Vojlovica monastery is one of the oldest monasteries of Vojvodina, the oldest sacral building complex of the city and declared Cultural Monument of Exceptional Importance . In 1542,

4263-594: The club you can find well over 100 board games which you can play in the club or rent for an affordable price and play in the comfort of your home. However, since it really is a hub of fun and games in Pančevo, most people prefer to bring their friends and enjoy board games in the club quarters. Since the Covid-19 outbreak began the club has temporarily shut its doors but Pančevo residents and board game enthusiasts from afar are eagerly awaiting its reopening. There are 12 primary and 10 secondary schools in Pančevo, including

4350-415: The dominant ethnic group since the 16th century and since 2011 they compose 80% of the total population of the city. Pančevo is a city with rich cultural events and monuments, and in the past, it also used to be a filming location for many national and international movie productions. Since 2003 an international and multi-cultural carnival has been organized in the city. It is also the main economic center of

4437-404: The event is the parade which goes through the center with more than over 3,000 international participants and up to 100,000 visitors annually. The city is a member of the Federation of European Carnival Cities . The National Museum was founded in 1923 and it is located in former neoclassical city hall since several decades. The institution has a valuable permanent exhibition and it is one of

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4524-554: The first time in January 1945 after intensive research and determination of the execution sites. The rest of the ethnic German population remained in the country. These people were sent to local internment camps which existed until 1948. After their dissolution, much of the ethnic German population left Yugoslavia for economic reasons. From 1945, the city belonged to the Srez Pančevo of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and

4611-691: The future, but it was neglected in time and since the 1990s became a settlement for the Yugoslav wars refugees. The greenery in the region was almost completely destroyed in the devastating 1996 fire. "Čardak" was then adapted into the educational-recreational center. In March 2020, the provincial administration decided to use it as the camp for the Middle Eastern migrants , who at the time numbered 8,500, scattered in 17 camps all over Serbia. Only those from Vojvodina (several hundreds) were to be placed here. Hundreds of local denizens protested, joined by

4698-478: The grave of Georg Weifert a wreath with a decorated swastika ribbon. The following day, pro-German groups marched through all the streets, smashed windows of Serbian shops and taunted, spat and beat Serbian civilians because "they had to stay in their homes and were not allowed to go out." On April 17, 1941 , there was a power demonstration with a deployment of Mannschaft units in front of City Hall Square, and an incendiary speech by Kreisführer Otto Vogenberger from

4785-477: The historical administrative area. From 1946 to 1959, the historical municipality ( Srez ) was structured in 23 communities, including today's communities and the villages and cities of Baranda , Borča , Crepaja , Debeljača , Idvor , Kovačica , Opovo , Ovča , Padina , Sakule , Sefkerin , Uzdin and Vojlovica. The city district Vojlovica was added to the town in 1978. MZ Gornji grad: MZ Kotež: MZ Mladost: MZ Stari Tamiš MZ Strelište MZ Tesla As of

4872-524: The human negligence. The sand was used as a hideout by the Yugoslav Partisans during World War II . They used to build base camps and dugouts where they were hiding after the anti-German actions. Out of numerous temporary hideouts, only one is preserved today. It was an improvised hospital at the locality Čardak. A monument dedicated to the Jews who were transported from Belgrade and executed in

4959-533: The immobilization of the moving sand include black locust , black pine , Scots pine and various deciduous species. A total of 200 animal species inhabits the sands. Rare fauna include the desert ant , antlion , mole rat , and steppe polecat . The main source of food for some endangered birds of prey, such as the saker falcon , eastern imperial eagle and lesser spotted eagle , are ground squirrels that live in large open grass fields; hence such areas are necessary for their survival. Other noted animals are

5046-734: The iotated letters Я (Russian/Bulgarian ya ), Є (Ukrainian ye ), Ї ( yi ), Ё (Russian yo ) or Ю ( yu ), which are instead written as two separate letters: Ја, Је, Ји, Јо, Ју . Ј can also be used as a semi-vowel, in place of й . The letter Щ is not used. When necessary, it is transliterated as either ШЧ , ШЋ or ШТ . Serbian italic and cursive forms of lowercase letters б , г , д , п , and т (Russian Cyrillic alphabet) differ from those used in other Cyrillic alphabets: б , г , д , п , and т (Serbian Cyrillic alphabet). The regular (upright) shapes are generally standardized among languages and there are no officially recognized variations. That presents

5133-556: The letter evolved to dje (Ђђ) and tshe (Ћћ) letters . Vuk Stefanović Karadžić fled Serbia during the Serbian Revolution in 1813, to Vienna. There he met Jernej Kopitar , a linguist with interest in slavistics. Kopitar and Sava Mrkalj helped Vuk to reform Serbian and its orthography. He finalized the alphabet in 1818 with the Serbian Dictionary . Karadžić reformed standard Serbian and standardised

5220-645: The main Serbian signatory to the Vienna Literary Agreement of 1850 which, encouraged by Austrian authorities, laid the foundation for Serbian, various forms of which are used by Serbs in Serbia , Montenegro , Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia today. Karadžić also translated the New Testament into Serbian, which was published in 1868. He wrote several books; Mala prostonarodna slaveno-serbska pesnarica and Pismenica serbskoga jezika in 1814, and two more in 1815 and 1818, all with

5307-475: The maintenance and restoration of Pančevo's Cultural Heritage . The weekly newspaper Pančevac is oldest one of still existing print media in Serbia, founded in 1869, weekly newspaper Libertatea is most widely used print media of Romanians in Serbia , its first edition has been published in May 1945. The most used local mass media is RTV Pančevo. The TV station started broadcasting its programs in 1992. There

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5394-579: The military frontier was abolished and Pančevo included into Torontál county of Austria-Hungary . In 1902, cadastral maps of the town were recorded which are located at the National Archives of Hungary . After Austrian-Hungarian Armistice of Villa Giusti , region became part of provisional Torontalsko-tamiške županja and due to Treaty of Trianon finally Yugoslavian part, in 1922 structured into Belgrade oblast and since 1929 into Dunavska banovina from Kingdom of Yugoslavia . I visit

5481-409: The monastery was first mentioned by hegumen Jeronomah Parfenije in a Serbian almanac of Božidar Vuković . The church of the monastery is dedicated to Archangels Michael and Gabriel and was transformed into neoclassical stile towards the end of 18th century. From 1942 to 1944, some Orthodox dignitaries such as Gavrilo V were temporarily imprisoned in the monastery and the entire building complex

5568-469: The most important museums of Vojvodina. The Vajfert Brewery is located in the town's center and it is the oldest one of today's Serbia, founded in 1722 by Abraham Kepiš from Bratislava . The brewery was run by the Vajfert family for several generations and its most famous represent was Đorđe Vajfert . After closing in 2008 and a conflagration in 2010, the building complex was a ruin in recent years. In 2015,

5655-603: The northwestern corner of the sands. It is a popular excursion place which also includes the only wooden church in Vojvodina, dedicated to Margaret the Virgin , in Serbian known as the Fiery Maria, and an old dolap . Dolap is a type of old water well, powered by animals, mostly horses or oxen . The well at Devojački Bunar extracted water from the depth of 163 m (535 ft). An artistic colony "Deliblatska Peščara"

5742-407: The other being Gaj's Latin alphabet ( latinica ). Following the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s, Serbian Cyrillic is no longer used in Croatia on national level, while in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro it remained an official script. Under the Constitution of Serbia of 2006, Cyrillic script is the only one in official use. The ligatures : were developed specially for

5829-497: The political authorities of the town decided the creation of a cultural center which is representing variety of all Arts. The center has a gallery of Modern art , and it promotes continuous festivals like Biennial of Art (Bijenale umetnosti), the music festival Ethno.com and the Pančevački Jazz Festival with artists from all over the world. In addition, some theater productions are shown annually in cooperation with National Theater Belgrade and other famous institutions. In 2012,

5916-408: The region. In the past, the city has been filming location for many national and international movie productions, including well known movies such as La Tour, prends garde! , The Mongols , I Even Met Happy Gypsies , Balkan Express , Black Cat, White Cat and Coriolanus . Since 2004, each year in June the Pančevački Carnival become the most important event of its kind in Serbia. The highlight of

6003-410: The representatives of the local administration. Though claiming the decision was only temporary (2 months at most), the province revoked it a week later, declaring it the COVID-19 quarantine instead. In total there are some 800 households, weekend-houses or rooms in excursion complexes in the sands. This includes a weekend settlement with 20 bungalows, built by the former Glass Industry Pančevo, which

6090-462: The same place with black uniforms and a Totenkopf on their collar, speaking words such as "protecting the rights and lives of German people," although they had already been recruited in April. Propaganda photos and film of the reprisal massacre were used decades after the event to help chronicle the Wehrmacht's complicity in the atrocities during the war, often manipulated in German-language TV documentaries. During World War II in Yugoslavia , Pančevo

6177-429: The sands by the Germans during the occupation, is also located here. After the war, numerous Youth work actions were organized in the sands. Until the late 1980s, organized and planned works included immobilization of the sand, formation of the firefighting paths and paving the roads, while the "Čardak" settlement for the participants of the actions was constructed. It was envisioned as a touristic and sports complex in

6264-506: The shared cultural area, Gaj's Latin alphabet saw a gradual adoption in the Socialist Republic of Serbia since, and both scripts are used to write modern standard Serbian. In Serbia , Cyrillic is seen as being more traditional, and has the official status (designated in the constitution as the " official script ", compared to Latin's status of "script in official use" designated by a lower-level act, for national minorities). It

6351-418: The time, dispatched forest engineer Franz Bachofen from Timișoara to conduct measurements of the sands and complies a report on how to "tame" the sand. At the time, strong winds and storms would carry the sand from Deliblato all the way to Vienna and Pest . According to the popular myth, Austrian empress Maria Theresa ordered for the fixing of Deliblato after wind brought some sand into her plate while she

6438-692: The town is known as Pančevo (Панчево), in Hungarian as Pancsova , in Slovak as Pánčevo , in Romanian as Panciova and in German as Pantschowa . The place name is probably derived from an old Slavonic term and meant location of marsh . Pančevo is located on flat plains at 44°52′14″N 20°38′25″E  /  44.87056°N 20.64028°E  / 44.87056; 20.64028 , approximately 17 km NE of Pančevo bridge to Belgrade and 43 km NW of Smederevo . The altitude above sea level

6525-562: The upper and lower case forms of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet, along with the equivalent forms in the Serbian Latin alphabet and the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) value for each letter. The letters do not have names, and consonants are normally pronounced as such when spelling is necessary (or followed by a short schwa , e.g. /fə/).: Summary tables According to tradition, Glagolitic

6612-623: The use of Cyrillic, having regulated it on 25 April 1941, and in June 1941 began eliminating " Eastern " (Serbian) words from Croatian, and shut down Serbian schools. The Serbian Cyrillic alphabet was used as a basis for the Macedonian alphabet with the work of Krste Misirkov and Venko Markovski . The Serbian Cyrillic script was one of the two official scripts used to write Serbo-Croatian in Yugoslavia since its establishment in 1918,

6699-409: The vineyard at Šušara . The red grape was dominant (varieties of Othello , Trollinger , Sazodoš and Volovo Oko ), but also cultivated were the white grape ( White Othello , Kozje Sise ) and the rose grape ( Dinka ). As the cultivation of vines on the sandy soil is an arduous work, many quit cultivation in time, leaving vast empty sand areas. Locality of Devojački Bunar is situated in

6786-461: The world as the largest exemplar of the true sandy relief. Dunes are 70 to 200 m (230 to 660 ft) tall. Southeast of the sands is the Kraljevac lake, one of the reservoirs formed around the edges of the region, in an effort to stop moving of the sand. There are floating peat islands on the lake's surface, where numerous waterfowls are nesting. Southern section of the sands, which reaches

6873-466: Was administered by Bulgarian Empire until early 11th century, then by Kingdom of Hungary until it became part of Ottoman Empire in 1521 . During Turkish rule, region was part of the Temeşvar Eyalet and mostly populated by Serbs . In 1660, Evliya Çelebi described the town as quadrangular fortification being diameter of one hundred Turkish feet . During Austro-Turkish War , the fortification

6960-566: Was built in 1722. The building was previously used as a provisional church of a Minorite monastery. The religious order provided the military chaplains for the garrison of the Imperial Army . The Serbian Orthodox Church Assumption of Holy Virgin was built from 1807 to 1811. The iconostasis of the church was designed by the painter Konstantin Danil from 1828 to 1833. The urban Institute for Protection of Cultural Monuments supports

7047-570: Was conquered by mImperial troops under supreme command of Claude Florimond de Mercy in 1716. There is an impression of old city and its fortification recorded on maps from 1717 and 1720 which are located at National Széchényi Library and Institute of Military History in Budapest . After the Treaty of Požarevac , urban area belonged to Habsburg Banat , and was Garrison place of temporarily stationed Regiments of Imperial Army . In December 1764,

7134-402: Was declared a special nature reserve . On a national level, it represents a natural asset of special importance falling under protection category I. It is referred to as the "European Sahara ", or the " Old Continent 's oldest desert". The Deliblato is an expanse of Aeolian processes with significant dune -like relief made of powerful sandy deposits. It is a unique feature in this part of

7221-493: Was eating soup. After a decade of work, Bachofen reported that the sands cover an area of 406.60 km (156.99 sq mi), out of which 168 km (65 sq mi) is covered with loose, free sand. In order to immobilize the sand, Bachofer drafter a forestation plan, which was accepted in 1818. Since then, almost 300 km (120 sq mi) of the sands was forested, but also 250 km (97 sq mi) got burned in time in three catastrophic fires caused by

7308-633: Was invented by the Byzantine Christian missionaries and brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius in the 860s, amid the Christianization of the Slavs . Glagolitic alphabet appears to be older, predating the introduction of Christianity, only formalized by Cyril and expanded to cover non-Greek sounds. The Glagolitic alphabet was gradually superseded in later centuries by the Cyrillic script, developed around by Cyril's disciples, perhaps at

7395-542: Was observed by members of Deutsche Mannschaft including obligation to regularly report for Banater Staatswache . The oldest church in town is the Roman Catholic Church Saint Charles Borromeo , built from 1756 to 1757 and in 1768, the building was extended with a steeple which was equipped with a turret clock in 1868 to mark its centenary. Its column in the square in front of the building with statue of Abraham and Isaac

7482-749: Was part of Autonomous Banat within German-occupied Serbia . Selected Danube Swabian men were recruited and conscripted in Mannschaft, in Waffen-SS , the majority of them either in SS-Division Das Reich , in German Police or SS Freiwilligen Gebirgsjäger Division Prinz Eugen . More than 99.99 percent of local German women and youth were organized in formations such as the Deutsche Frauenschaft and

7569-419: Was the part of the Kingdom of Hungary and after 1920 it became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes , which was renamed in 1929 to Yugoslavia . Since then with one interruption it was part of several Yugoslav states and after the dissolution of the latest in 2003, it is part of its successor state, Serbia . Pančevo is notable for being multi-ethnic, Serbs (and Germans until 1945) have been

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