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38-527: It was previously known as Kuznetsk until 1931, and as Stalinsk until 1961. Founded in 1618 by men from Tomsk as a Cossack ostrog (fort) on the Tom River , it was initially called Kuznetsky ostrog ( Кузне́цкий острог ). It became the seat of Kuznetsky Uyezd in 1622. Kuznetsk ( Кузне́цк ) was granted town status in 1689. It was here that Fyodor Dostoevsky married his first wife, Maria Isayeva in 1857. Joseph Stalin 's rapid industrialization of

76-550: A puppet theater. Major concert venues in the city include the Conservatory Concert hall and the Tomsk Palace of Sport. The city also boasts cultural centers dedicated to German , Polish and Tatar languages and culture. One of the city's prominent theaters was destroyed in an act of terrorism in 1905. The Korolevsky Theater (built in 1884–85) was being used by a group of communist revolutionaries when

114-565: Is also a Museum of Oppression, housed in a former KGB dungeon. Tomsk State University has a number of small museums with exhibits on archaeology , paleontology , zoology , as well as a herbarium and a botanical garden As in many other cities in the former Soviet Union , the revolutionary government destroyed a number of old churches in the city including two that had existed since the 17th century. However, Tomsk managed to save some of its churches by transforming them into machine shops, warehouses, archives, and even residential buildings. Since

152-501: Is also the birthplace of US chess Grandmaster Gata Kamsky . The main airport is the Spichenkovo Airport . The city is also a major railway junction with both local and long-distance trains. Local public transport is provided by trams , buses, and trolleybuses. Novokuznetsk has a fairly typical southwest Siberian humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfb ) with warm summers during which most of

190-839: Is currently a member of the Supreme Hockey League . The football team of the same name was recently promoted to the Russian first division below the premier. RC Novokuznetsk compete in the Professional Rugby League , the highest division of rugby union in Russia. Florida Panthers goaltender Sergei Bobrovsky , Carolina Hurricanes defenseman Dmitry Orlov and Minnesota Wild winger Kirill Kaprizov were all born in Novokuznetsk and began their pro careers with Metallurg Novokuznetsk. Novokuznetsk

228-696: Is five years. In September 2021, elections were held for the Council of People's Deputies, following which the seats in the council were distributed as follows: 27 - United Russia , 2 - Liberal Democratic Party , 2 - A Just Russia , 2 - Communist Party . The representative of United Russia, Alexandra Shelkovnikova, was elected chairman. The Youth Parliament of the city operates under the City Council of People's Deputies. A whole network of bodies of territorial public self-government has been created in Novokuznetsk; in total, 60 of them have been created in

266-552: Is governed by a mayor and a 33-member Duma . The current mayor, appointed in 2013, is Ivan Klyayn , a member of The United Russia party. Of the 33 members, 16 are elected from the eight double mandate districts while 17 are chosen from party lists . In the October 2005 local elections, United Russia was expected to cruise to a solid victory; however, the Pensioners Party put up a strong showing. The final count

304-754: Is incorporated as the Novokuznetsky Urban Okrug . The city consists of six non-municipal intra-city districts : On 7 December 2009, by a resolution of the Novokuznetsk City Council of People's Deputies, a new version of the City Charter was approved, according to which the authorities consist of: The Novokuznetsk City Council of People's Deputies is a representative body of power and consists of 18 deputies elected in 18 single-mandate constituencies and 18 deputies elected on party lists. The term of office of deputies

342-516: Is produced by the GRES-2 (281 MWt) and TEC-3 (140 MWt) powerplants, belonging to Tomskenergo Inc. Tomsk supplements its energy needs with electricity generated at Seversk . A large number of educational institutions in the city have contributed to making Tomsk a major center for Russia's IT industry. Tomsk was one of the first cities in Russia to gain access to the Internet, which became available in

380-432: Is provided by marshrutkas (routed taxis) and minibuses (mostly manufactured by PAZ , and serving about forty routes). Additionally, the city has eleven proper bus routes, eight trolleybus lines (built in 1967), and five tram lines (constructed in 1949). Private taxis are also readily available. The city is served by Bogashevo Airport , which offers both domestic and international flights. Located 20 kilometers from

418-639: The Asian Network of Major Cities 21 . Tomsk is twinned with: Kuznetsk Basin The Kuznetsk Basin ( Russian : Кузнецкий угольный бассейн , Кузбасс; often abbreviated as Kuzbass or Kuzbas ) in southwestern Siberia , Russia , is one of the largest coal mining areas in Russia, covering an area of around 10,000 square miles (26,000 km ). It lies in the Kuznetsk Depression between Tomsk and Novokuznetsk in

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456-502: The Soviet Union transformed the sleepy town into a major coal mining and industrial center in the 1930s. It merged with Sad Gorod in 1931. From 1931 to 1932, the city was known as Novokuznetsk and between 1932 and 1961 as Stalinsk ( Ста́линск ), after Stalin. As a result of de-Stalinization , it was renamed back to Novokuznetsk . As of the 2021 Census , the ethnic composition of Novokuznetsk was: [REDACTED] Within

494-618: The Tatar duke of Eushta  [ ru ] , asked for the Tsar's protection against Kyrgyz . The Tsar sent 200 Cossacks under the command of Vasily Fomich Tyrkov  [ ru ] and Gavriil Ivanovich Pisemsky to construct a fortress on the bank of the Tom River , overlooking what would become the city of Tomsk. Toian ceded the land for the fortress to the Tsar. In 1804, the Imperial Russian government selected Tomsk as

532-575: The Tom River . Population: 556,478 ( 2021 Census ) ; 524,669 ( 2010 Census ) ; 487,838 ( 2002 Census ) ; 501,963 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Founded in 1604, Tomsk is one of the oldest cities in Siberia . It has six universities, with over 100,000 students, including Tomsk State University , the oldest university in Siberia. Tomsk originated with a decree by Tsar Boris Godunov in 1604 after Toian  [ ru ] ,

570-406: The administrative center of the oblast and, within the framework of administrative divisions , it also serves as the administrative center of Tomsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is, together with seven rural localities , incorporated separately as Tomsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of

608-440: The districts . As a municipal division , Tomsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction is incorporated as Tomsk Urban Okrug . Tomsk is divided into four city districts: Kirovsky, Leninsky, Oktyabrsky, and Sovetsky. Tomsk has a humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification Dfb ) barely escaping a subarctic classification. The annual average temperature is +1.2 °C (34.2 °F). Winters are severe and lengthy, and

646-522: The framework of administrative divisions , Novokuznetsk serves as the administrative center of Novokuznetsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the Novokuznetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , Novokuznetsk City Under Oblast Jurisdiction

684-692: The Kuznetsk Basin lies in Kemerovo Oblast with its capital in the city of Kemerovo . Other major cities in the area include Anzhero-Sudzhensk , Leninsk-Kuznetsky , Kiselyovsk , and Prokopyevsk . The large amount of coal mining in the region resulted in significant pollution. In a report done by the Central Intelligence Agency , the region was said to be home of "environmental problems" which were "causing increasing deaths and genetic defects among babies". A study by

722-653: The Trans-Siberian railway is available via the town of Tayga. A regional rail line links Tomsk with Tayga. The Tomsk Railway existed as an independent entity until 1961. At the present time, the Tomsk line belongs to the West-Siberian Railway , branch of Russian Railways Corp. Trains link Tomsk to Anapa , Asino , Barnaul , Bely Yar, Moscow , Novokuznetsk , Novosibirsk , Sochi , and Tayga. The majority of inner-city and suburban transportation

760-533: The area were first discovered in 1721. During the Soviet era , the Kuznetsk Basin was second only to the Donets Basin in terms of regional coal production. Iron smelting began there as early as 1697 and coal was discovered in 1721, although it was not systematically mined until 1851. The late 19th century industrialisation of Russia prompted a rapid growth in the area's industries, which was further boosted by

798-608: The basin of the Tom River . From the south it borders the Abakan Range , from the west Salair Ridge , and Kuznetsk Alatau from the east. It possesses some of the most extensive coal deposits anywhere in the world; coal-bearing seams extend over an area of 10,309 square miles (26,700 km ) and reach to a depth of 5,905 feet (1,800 m). Overall coal deposits are estimated at 725 billion tonnes. The region's other industries, such as machine construction, chemicals and metallurgy , are based on coal mining. Coal deposits in

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836-417: The city center, the airport was renovated in 2013. The airport is home to offices for S7 Airlines , Aeroflot , Ural Airlines , Turukhan Airlines , NordStar Airlines , RusLine , Red Wings Airlines , ALROSA , and UTair Aviation . There is a commercial and passenger port on the Tom River . Tomsk has many local cultural institutions including several drama theaters, as well as a children's theater and

874-520: The city in favor of the village of Novonikolayevsk (Novosibirsk), development began to move south to connect with the railway. In time, Novosibirsk would surpass Tomsk in importance. In the mid-19th century one fifth of the city's residents were exiles . However, within a few years, the city reinvented itself as the educational center of Siberia with the establishment of Tomsk State University , founded in 1880, and Tomsk Polytechnic University , founded in 1896. By World War II , every twelfth resident of

912-754: The city was a student, giving rise to the city's nickname, the Siberian Athens . After the October Revolution of 1917, the city became a notable center of the White movement , led by Anatoly Pepelyayev and Maria Bochkareva , among others. After the victory of the Red Army in the 1920s, Soviet authorities incorporated Tomsk into the West Siberian Krai and later into Novosibirsk Oblast . Like many Siberian cities, Tomsk became

950-606: The city: in the Zavodskoy District - 7, Kuznetsky - 6, Kuibyshevsky - 13, Novoilyinsky - 6, Ordzhonikidzevsky - 9, Central - 16. Novokuznetsk is a heavily industrial city and is located in the heart of the Kuzbass region . Factories in the city include: Metallurg Novokuznetsk is an ice hockey team based in Novokuznetsk. Formerly a member of the Kontinental Hockey League , the team

988-597: The completion of the Trans-Siberian Railway . Under Joseph Stalin 's first five-year plan , the Ural-Kuznetsk industrial combine was formed in the early 1930s. It became a centre for the production of iron and steel , zinc , aluminium , machinery and chemicals, with raw materials and finished products being shipped to and from sites in the Kuzbas and Urals . A series of coal miners strikes in

1026-493: The early 1990s owing to grants received by universities and scientific cooperation. Tomsk has a number of prominent institutions of higher education, including: Tomsk is a small railway center that is situated on the Tayga — Bely Yar line ( Tomsk branch ) of the Trans-Siberian Railway . The main line of the Trans-Siberian railway, built in 1896, passes 50 km (31 mi) south of Tomsk and bypasses Tomsk. Access from Tomsk to

1064-422: The end of the communist era some of the churches have been renovated and returned to their congregations. Tomsk is well known for its intricate "gingerbread" decoration of traditional wooden houses in the area. However, the number of old homes in this style is decreasing due to redevelopment or some of them catching fire, as the structures have little to no fire protection. Trud (Labor) Stadium , in central Tomsk

1102-577: The establishment of a secret city, known as "Tomsk-7 " (or sometimes simply as "Postbox 5") 15 kilometres (9 miles) north-west of Tomsk; the new settlement became the home of the Tomsk Nuclear Plant (subsequently renamed the Sibirskaya Nuclear Power Plant), the Soviet Union 's first industrial-scale nuclear-power station. Tomsk-7 received municipal status in 1956 and was renamed Seversk in 1992. Tomsk serves as

1140-530: The late 1980s took place in the region, and gained the support from the sanctioned All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions . Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the collapse of the planned economy , the region's industries faced a further crisis. Since then, however, its significance has grown. The Kuzbass now extracts ca. 60 percent of Russia's total coal production and is the main fuel and energy base for eastern Russia. Administratively,

1178-561: The lowest recorded temperature was −55 °C (−67 °F) in January 1931. However, the average temperature in January is between −21 °C (−6 °F) and −13 °C (9 °F). The average temperature in July is +18.8 °C (65.8 °F). The total annual rainfall is 587 millimeters (23.1 in). In 2006, Tomsk experienced what might have been its first recorded winds of hurricane force, which toppled trees and damaged houses. Tomsk

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1216-510: The new home for many factories relocated out of the war zone from 1941. The resulting growth of the city led the Soviet government to establish the new Tomsk Oblast, with Tomsk serving as the administrative center. During the Cold War , Tomsk became one of many designated closed cities , which outsiders and, in particular, foreigners, could not visit. In 1949 matters went a stage further with

1254-457: The precipitation occurs, and severe, generally dry winters. Snowfall is very frequent during the winter, but its water content is generally very low due to the cold temperatures. Novokuznetsk is twinned with: Tomsk Tomsk ( Russian : Томск , IPA: [tomsk] ; Siberian Tatar : Түң-тора ) is a city and the administrative center of Tomsk Oblast in Russia , on

1292-427: The radio stations Radio Siberia and Echo of Moscow in Tomsk along with several newspapers ( Tomskaya Nedelya , Krasnoye Znamya and Vechernii Tomsk ). In April 2006 Tomsk received international media attention as the venue of a major summit on economic cooperation, held in the city between Russian President Vladimir Putin and German Chancellor Angela Merkel . Tomsk is the only non-capital member of

1330-472: The seat of the new Tomsk Governorate , which would include the modern cities of Novosibirsk , Kemerovo , and Krasnoyarsk , as well as the territories now in Eastern Kazakhstan . The new status brought development and the city grew quickly. The discovery of gold in 1830 brought further development to Tomsk in the 19th century; however, when in the 1890s the Trans-Siberian Railway bypassed

1368-463: The theater was attacked and set on fire by members of the Black Hundred , a hard-line nationalist organization. Those who escaped the flames were gunned down by Black Hundred members waiting outside the theater. Estimates put the number of casualties between 200 and 1000. There are a number of museums in Tomsk devoted to various subjects, most notably art, local history and wood carving. There

1406-470: Was (proportional representation): In 2020, supporters of Alexei Navalny won at least 16 seats in Tomsk's 37-seat city council while the pro-Putin United Russia party secured no more than 11 seats. Tomsk has the oldest electrical grid in Siberia . There are three power stations in the city: Tomsk consumes more electric energy than it produces. The bulk of the city's electric and thermal energy

1444-629: Was the base for matches with the FC Tom Tomsk , the city's professional football club, before dissolving in 2022. The team's 2004 promotion to the Russian Premier League gave local fans a chance to see some of the nation's best teams play at the city's own stadium. Tomsk has many local media outlets including the TV2 (Tomsk)  [ ru ] television station, shut down by the authorities and turned into an internet TV medium,

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