51-731: Nok Airlines plc , trading as Nok Air ( SET : NOK ; Thai : บริษัท สายการบินนกแอร์ จำกัด (มหาชน) , from nok [ นก ] meaning 'bird') is a low-cost airline in Thailand operating mostly domestic services out of Bangkok's Don Mueang International Airport . Nok Air was established in February 2004 as Sky Asia Co. Ltd. and started operations on 23 July 2004. As of March 2007, it had 130 employees and had reached around 1,400 employees by 2014. Nok Air began its first international service on 31 May 2007, with daily flights to Bangalore , India, but suspended these flights in 2020. Nok Air serves
102-487: A city called Maha Thani Si Phan Phao on the western banks of the Mekong River ; this city was said to have later become today's Udon Thani , Thailand . One day, a seven-headed Naga told Thattaradtha to start a new city on the east bank of the river opposite Maha Thani Si Phan Phao . The prince called this city Chanthabuly Si Sattanakhanahud ; which was said to be the predecessor of modern Vientiane. Contrary to
153-566: A joint venture with Scoot (a low-cost subsidiary of Singapore Airlines ) to form NokScoot , a low-cost airline operating medium-to long-haul international services, based out of Don Mueang Airport in Bangkok. The joint venture was shut down in 2020 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic . A new company slogan, "Smiling Across Asia" was unveiled in June 2016. It hints at Nok's strategy of becoming
204-498: A large proportion of these have been from older companies or spin-offs of existing listed companies. The market has also seen several mergers and acquisitions. While new companies have been listed, they tend to be small and have little impact on the SET index. As of 24 January 2024 Update 06/2021 Vientiane Vientiane is the capital and largest city of Laos . Comprising the five urban districts of Vientiane Prefecture ,
255-425: A loss of trust from the airline's customers. There are issues of dissension between Nok Air management and cockpit staff, charges of nepotism, and questions about pilot loyalty. In its 2015 financial report released on 26 February, the airline acknowledged that the turnover of cockpit staff had exceeded the normal rate, well beyond expectations. There are just under 200 pilots working at Nok Air, considered too few for
306-560: A rival power to the Dvaravati . By the 8th century the Mon had pushed north to create city states, in Fa Daet (modern Kalasin , northeastern Thailand), Sri Gotapura (Sikhottabong) near modern Tha Khek , Laos, Muang Sua ( Luang Prabang ), and Chantaburi (Vientiane). In the 8th century CE, Sri Gotapura (Sikhottabong) was the strongest of these early city states, and controlled trade throughout
357-615: A supposedly kingdom located in the Khorat Plateau , mentioned by a ninth-century Chinese writer described a trade route which started at Hanoi and crossed the western mountains to Wèndān. In 1354, when Fa Ngum founded the kingdom of Lan Xang , Vientiane became an important administrative city, even though it was not made the capital. King Setthathirath officially established it as the capital of Lan Xang in 1563, to avoid Burmese invasion. When Lan Xang fell apart in 1707, it became an independent Kingdom of Vientiane . In 1779, it
408-478: Is 83.46. There is no index which combines both SET and mai. Some original mai companies have been listed in SET. In the first day of trading, there were 8 listed companies and 5 of them still remain: BBL, BJC, DUSIT, SCC, and TCAP. There are 12 DR as of 15 March 2023: 1. E1VFVN3001 which tracks VN30 Index 2. BABA80 3. FUEVFVND01 4. TENCENT80 5. NDX100 which tracks Nasdaq-100 6. STAR5001 7. XIAOMI80 8. BYDCOM80 9. AAPL80X 10.TSLA80X 11.CNTECH01 12.PINGAN80 CHINA
459-468: Is also the region's most active bourse for 10 consecutive years with daily trading turnover normally exceeding US$ 2 billion. In recent years, the number of market participants has risen sharply: trading accounts has increased almost 10 times from 2008 to 2022. SET index is the oldest and the most cited equity index in Thailand. It made intraday all-time high at 1852.51 on 27 February 2018, surpassing
510-518: Is an ETF which tracks CSI 300 Index . So far it is the only ETF which invests overseas. SET Index was at a peak of 924.70 in November 2007 before the subprime crisis. Since 2013, the Thai economy's slow growth due to factors such as an aging population and technological disruptions has adversely affected the benchmark SET index's performance. Although the number of listings has significantly increased,
561-465: Is the only stock exchange in Thailand . Founded on 30 April 1975, it is ASEAN 's 3rd largest after Indonesia Stock Exchange and Singapore Exchange by market capitalization at US$ 489.95 billion (both SET and mai) as of November 2023. From 2015 to June 2020, it was the biggest IPO market in Southeast Asia in terms of accumulated raised fund at US$ 17.8 billion (THB 598.0147 billion). It
SECTION 10
#1732783121153612-721: The China–Laos railway or Laos–China railway ) is a 414 kilometres (257 mi) 1,435 mm ( 4 ft 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 in ) standard gauge electrified railway in Laos , running between the capital Vientiane and the town of Boten on the border with China . The line was officially opened on 3 December 2021. Vientiane is served by Wattay International Airport with international connections to other Asian destinations such as Singapore , Hong Kong , Malaysia , Thailand , South Korea , Japan and China . Lao Airlines has regular flights to several domestic destinations in
663-588: The Emerald Buddha . "Vientiane" is the French spelling derived from the Lao Viangchan /wíaŋ tɕàn/ . The name was previously written " ວຽງຈັນທນ໌ " (in Thai, เวียงจันทน์) but now usually written " ວຽງຈັນ ". In Lao, viang ( ວຽງ ) refers to a 'walled city' whereas chan ( ຈັນ , previously ຈັນທນ໌ ) derives from Sanskrit candana ( चन्दन , /t͡ɕand̪ana/ ), 'sandalwood' and can be translated as
714-732: The Laotian Civil War . The next day, an Insurgency in Laos began in the jungle, with the Pathet Lao fighting factions of Hmong and royalists. Vientiane was the host of the 2009 Southeast Asian Games . Eighteen competitions were dropped from the previous games held in Thailand, due to Laos' landlocked borders and the lack of adequate facilities in Vientiane. Vientiane is on a bend of the Mekong River, at which point it forms
765-633: The Phra Lak Phra Lam , most historians believe Vientiane was an early Mon settlement, which later came under the domination of the Khmer Empire . In the 11th and 12th centuries, the time when the Lao and Thai people are believed to have entered Southeast Asia from Southern China , the few remaining Mon and Khmer in the area moved or assimilated into the Lao civilization, which would soon overtake
816-536: The finance ministry , Krungthai Bank refused to sell its shares in Nok Air to Thai Airways. The purchase would have lifted Thai Airways' stake in Nok Air from 39 to 49%. Evidence of Thai Airways declining interest in Nok Air came in May 2017, when Thai Airways shareholding was diluted to 21.57% as a result of not taking up their entitlement to a new share offering. As a consequence, Thai investor Mr. Nuttapol Chulangkul became
867-654: The stock exchange opened with two listed company stocks, with the cooperation of South Korea . There are regular bus services connecting Vientiane Bus Station with the rest of the country. In Vientiane, regular bus services around the city are provided by Vientiane Capital State Bus Enterprise. These buses were set up and run with the help of the Japan International Cooperation Agency. Daily non-stop bus services run between Vientiane and Nong Khai, Udon Thani, and Khon Kaen in Thailand. The First Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge , built in
918-522: The 'walled city of sandalwood'. Some Laotians mistakenly believe it refers to the 'walled city of the moon' as chan can also represent 'moon', although this was previously distinguished in writing as " ຈັນທຣ໌ ". Other romanisations include "Viangchan" and "Wiangchan". By the 6th century in the Chao Phraya River Valley, Mon peoples had coalesced to create the Dvaravati kingdoms . In the north, Haripunjaya ( Lamphun ) emerged as
969-481: The 1990s, crosses the river 18 kilometres downstream of the city of Nong Khai in Thailand, and is the major crossing between the two countries. The official name of the bridge was changed in 2007 by the addition of "First", after the Second Friendship Bridge linking Mukdahan in Thailand with Savannakhet in Laos was opened early in 2007. A metre gauge railway link over the first bridge
1020-681: The Phouma Government, and installed Boun Oum as prime minister. In mid-1975, Pathet Lao troops moved towards the city and Americans began evacuating the capital. On 23 August 1975, a contingent of 50 Pathet Lao women symbolically liberated the city. On 2 December 1975, the communist party of the Pathet Lao took over Vientiane, defeated the Kingdom of Laos , and renamed the country the Lao People's Democratic Republic, which ended
1071-774: The Vientiane Plain, the Savannakhet region , and the Bolaven Plateau ), which was only interrupted by the Japanese invasion of Indochina. If this plan had been implemented, according to Martin Stuart-Fox , the Lao might well have lost control over their own country. During World War II , Vientiane fell with little resistance and was occupied by Japanese forces, under the command of Sako Masanori . On 9 March 1945, French paratroopers arrived and reoccupied
SECTION 20
#17327831211531122-496: The airline's largest shareholder, owning 23.77% of the company. Due to the preparation process to be listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), the company name was changed to "Nok Airlines Company Limited" on 16 January 2006. Then, at its initial entry to Thailand's stock market, it was renamed "Nok Airlines Public Company Limited" (since 18 January 2013) with the trading symbol "NOK". In late 2013, Nok Air announced
1173-414: The architecture, the design incorporates typical Lao motifs including Kinnari, a mythical bird woman. Energetic visitors can climb to the top of the monument for a panoramic view of the city. Buddha Park was built in 1958 by Luang Pu Bunleua Sulilat and contains a collection of Buddhist and Hindu sculptures, scattered amongst gardens and trees. The park is 28 kilometres (17 mi) south of Vientiane at
1224-567: The area. The earliest reference of the name Vientiane can be seen on a Vietnamese inscription of Duke Đỗ Anh Vũ , dated 1159 during the Khmer-Viet conflict. The inscription says that in 1135, Văn Đan (Vientiane), a vassal of Zhenla ( Khmer Empire ), invaded Nghe An, but was repelled by the Duke; the Duke led an army chased the invaders as far as Vũ Ôn? (unattested), and then returned with captives. This name may have traced it origin to Wèndān ,
1275-540: The basic legislative framework was in place and on 30 April 1975, the Securities Exchange of Thailand officially started trading. On 1 January 1991 the name was formally changed to the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET). Thailand Futures Exchange (TFEX), a subsidiary of the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET), was established on 17 May 2004 as a derivatives exchange. On 28 April 2006 SET50 Index Futures
1326-488: The border with Thailand . The city government administers the five urban districts of the Vientiane Prefecture . Vientiane features a tropical savanna climate ( Köppen Aw ) with distinct wet and dry seasons . Vientiane’s dry season spans from November through March. April marks the onset of the wet season which in Vientiane lasts about seven months. Vientiane tends to be very hot and humid throughout
1377-535: The capital of the French protectorate of Laos in 1899. During the French colonial period, the city was rebuilt and various Buddhist temples such as Pha That Luang , Haw Phra Kaew were repaired. During French rule, the Vietnamese were encouraged to migrate to Laos, which resulted in 53% of the population of Vientiane being Vietnamese in the year 1943. As late as 1945, the French drew up an ambitious plan to move massive Vietnamese population to three key areas (i.e.
1428-605: The city is located on the banks of the Mekong , right at the border with Thailand . Vientiane was the administrative capital during French rule and, due to economic growth in recent times, is now the economic center of Laos. The city had a population of 840,000 as of the 2023 Census . Vientiane is the home of the most significant national monuments such as Pha That Luang , a national symbol of Laos and an icon of Buddhism in Laos . Other significant Buddhist temples can be found there as well, such as Haw Phra Kaew , which formerly housed
1479-480: The city on 24 April 1945. The city became the national capital of the newly independent Lao state in 1953. As the Laotian Civil War broke out between the Royal Lao Government and the Pathet Lao , Vientiane became unstable. In August 1960, Kong Le seized the capital and insisted that Souvanna Phouma become prime minister. In mid-December, Phoumi Nosavan then seized the capital, overthrew
1530-591: The city, to terminate at Vientiane (Khamsavath) railway station , a bigger and newer station closer to the city, with connections to the Central Bus Terminal and the Laos China Railway Station. The first passenger train arrived from Krung Thep Aphiwat Central Terminal in Bangkok on 20 July 2024. The new station has immigration facilities, offices, shops and more platforms. The Boten–Vientiane railway (sometimes referred to as
1581-427: The country (including several flights daily to Luang Prabang , plus a few flights weekly to other local destinations). In Thailand, Udon Thani International Airport , one of Wattay's main connections, is less than 90 km distant. The "Centre Medical de l'Ambassade de France" is available to the foreign community in Laos. The Mahosot Hospital is an important local hospital in treating and researching diseases and
Nok Air - Misplaced Pages Continue
1632-609: The course of the year, though temperatures in the city tend to be somewhat cooler during the dry season than the wet season. The lowest recorded temperature was 2.4 °C or 36.3 °F in January 1924, and the highest was 42.6 °C or 108.7 °F in April 2024. The capital attracts many tourists to its many temples and Buddhist monuments. A popular attraction for foreign visitors is Pha That Luang , an important national cultural monument of Laos and one of its best known stupas . It
1683-489: The dominant regional carrier. On 22 December 2017, Mr. Patee Sarasin , the first Nok Air CEO (between 2004 and 2017), resigned from the company's board of directors. In February 2016, Nok Air cancelled numerous flights and issued several contradictory stories to explain the cancellations. On 14 February 2016, a work stoppage was caused by about 10 pilots, which was followed by the resignation of 17 pilots. On 25 February, several flight cancellations were announced, resulting in
1734-526: The edge of the Mekong River . Vientiane is home to one of the three bowling alleys in Laos (the other two are in Luang Prabang and Pakse ). Other sites include: The National University of Laos , one of three universities in the country, is in Vientiane. International schools include: Vientiane is the driving force behind economic change in Laos. In recent years, the city has experienced rapid economic growth from foreign investment. In 2011,
1785-459: The exception of Brunei. A precursor Bangkok Stock Exchange was established in July 1962 as a private entity. It finally ceased operations in the early 1970s due to a lack of government support and limited interest and understanding of the equity market among populace. In 1972, the Thai government took a step in creating a capital market. The changes extended government control and regulation over
1836-637: The following destinations: Nok Air also offers ferry services to domestic island destinations as well as domestic and cross border coach services to Vientiane and Pakse in Laos in conjunction with other tour operators. As of July 2024, Nok Air operates the following aircraft, Nok Air has signed a long-term partnership with Sabre and its subsidiary company, Radixx, selecting an extensive suite of products from Sabre and Radixx to expand its distribution and revenue generation opportunities. Stock Exchange of Thailand The Stock Exchange of Thailand ( Thai : ตลาดหลักทรัพย์แห่งประเทศไทย ; abbr. SET )
1887-408: The largest number of domestic routes within Thailand, with 24 routes. Nok Air operates largely independently from Thai Airways, which has caused some friction between the two companies. To gain greater control of Nok Air, Thai Airways has tried to purchase the shares of other shareholders, notably Krungthai Bank . Although Thai Airways and Krungthai Bank are both state enterprises under the control of
1938-433: The main exchange and 222 on mai. Apart from common stocks, investors can trade other types of securities including warrant, derivative warrant (DW), depositary receipt (DR), exchange-traded fund (ETF), property fund (PF)/ real estate investment trust (REIT) and infrastructure fund. The exchange also runs a separate market for derivatives. As of August 2021, the Thai bourse attracted investors from 124 countries, up from 116
1989-527: The middle Mekong region. The city states were loosely bound politically, but were culturally similar and introduced Therevada Buddhism from Sri Lankan missionaries throughout the region. The great Laotian epic, the Phra Lak Phra Lam , claims that Prince Thattaradtha founded the city when he left the legendary Lao kingdom of Muong Inthapatha Maha Nakhone because he was denied the throne in favor of his younger brother. Thattaradtha founded
2040-669: The most popular, followed by Europe and India. Currently, the exchange has no foreign listing but ones can invest overseas by buying DR (depository receipt) which has been launched since 2018 as well as ETF. To attract foreign investors and encourage cross-investment within ASEAN , exchanges in the region co-operate to facilitate investing in Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Other ASEAN countries namely Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar also have exchanges with
2091-456: The negotiation; hence, the effective executed price may not be the same as that advertised and may not follow the price spread rules. After concluding negotiations, dealers must send details of the results for recording purposes. Trading through mobile device began in 2010 with the launch of settrade streaming for iPhone according to SET's 2010 annual report (page 36). Current EPS of the SET index
Nok Air - Misplaced Pages Continue
2142-790: The number of its foreign pilots beyond the 40 percent cap mandated by Thai law according to Transport Minister Arkhom Termpittayapaisith . The 40 percent pilot quota is set by the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand (CAAT), which aims to encourage airlines to employ more Thais as pilots. Pilots, according to the Labour Ministry, are on the list of 39 jobs where Thai nationals are preferred, jobs ranging from barbers and secretaries to certain fields of engineering. Nok in February hired 32 new pilots, bringing their total to 212. On 30 July 2020, Nok Air filed for bankruptcy. As of November 2024, Nok Air flies (or has flown) to
2193-472: The operations of finance and securities companies, which until then had operated fairly freely. Then in May 1974, long-awaited legislation for the incorporation of SET was enacted to provide securities trading in order to promote savings and mobilize domestic capital. This was followed by revisions to the Revenue Code at the end of the year, allowing the investment of savings in the capital market. By 1975,
2244-418: The previous high of 1789.16 on 5 January 1994. SET has stricter price regulations than some other exchanges, normally disallowing stock prices to rise or drop more than 30% in a day. The exchange operates 2 markets for listed companies: SET and mai ( Market for Alternative Investment ) the latter of which is for small and medium enterprises. There are 855 listed companies as of 8 July 2024: 633 companies on
2295-573: The previous year. The top ten nationalities' holdings of Thai stocks amounted to US$ 147.5 billion (THB 4.77 trillion), accounting for 93.7 percent of all foreign stock ownership. The rank of the first seven nationalities remained unchanged from the previous year: the UK, Singapore, Hong Kong, Switzerland, the US, Japan and Mauritius. There has been growing interest in overseas investment among domestic investors. The US, China (including Hong Kong) and Vietnam are among
2346-592: The scale of its operations. The problem arose after Thailand tightened its aviation standards to comply with the European Aviation Safety Agency , disqualifying some pilots, Patee Sarasin, Nok Air CEO at that time, told local media. Thailand is under pressure to improve its aviation standards after US authorities downgraded the country's aviation safety rating in December 2015. To remedy its shortage of pilots, Nok may be permitted to boost
2397-510: The spirit of a local girl, Nang Si. Legend tells that Nang Si, who was pregnant at the time, leapt to her death as a sacrifice, just as the pillar was being lowered into the hole. In front of the temple stands a statue of King Sisavang Vong . The memorial monument, Patuxai , built between 1957 and 1968, is perhaps the most prominent landmark in the city. While the Arc de Triomphe in Paris inspired
2448-521: Was conquered by the Siamese general Phraya Chakri and made a vassal of Siam . When King Anouvong raised an unsuccessful rebellion, it was obliterated by Siamese armies in 1827. The city was burned to the ground and was looted of nearly all Laotian artifacts, including Buddha statues and people. Vientiane was in great disrepair, depopulated and disappearing into the forest when the French arrived. It eventually passed to French rule in 1893. It became
2499-481: Was formally inaugurated on 5 March 2009, previously ending at Thanaleng Railway Station , in Dongphosy village ( Vientiane Prefecture ), 20 km east of Vientiane. As of November 2010, Lao officials plan to convert the station into a cargo rail terminal for freight trains , allowing cargo to be transported from Bangkok into Laos more cheaply than via road. The rail link has since been extended 7.5km further into
2550-745: Was launched as the first product. Single Stock Futures was first launched on 24 November 2008. Derivative warrant was launched on 9 July 2009. In 2008, the Securities and Exchange Commission, Thailand together with the central bank allowed domestic individual investors to invest abroad directly for the first time through a Thai brokerage. Previously, only institutions could invest overseas. SET began fully computerized trading in April 1991. The system allows brokers to advertise their buy or sell interests by announcing bid or offer prices. Members may then deal directly with each other, either on behalf of their clients or for themselves. Prices may be adjusted during
2601-478: Was originally built in 1566 by King Setthathirath and was restored in 1953. The golden stupa is 45 metres (148 ft) tall and is believed to contain a relic of the Buddha. Another site that is also popular amongst tourists is Wat Si Muang . The temple was built on the ruins of a Khmer Hindu shrine, the remains of which can be seen behind the ordination hall. It was built in 1563 and is believed to be guarded by
SECTION 50
#1732783121153#152847