55-561: Nabadwip ( / ˌ n æ b ə ˈ d w iː p / ), also spelt Navadwip , anciently Nadia or Nudiya , is a heritage city in Nadia district in the Indian state of West Bengal . It is regarded as a holy place by Hindus, and is the birthplace of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu . Famous for Rass festival where city is illuminated with lights, deities of God and goddesses are made on each corner of Nabadwip town. Hundreds of people gather to this small town on
110-538: A Brahmin in the third year of Keshava Sena . The grant was given with the landlord rights, which include the power of punishing the Chandrabhandas or Sundarbans , a tribe that lived in the forest. The land was granted in the village of Leliya in the Kumaratalaka mandala, which is situated in shatata-padamavati-visaya. The copperplate of Keshava Sena records that the king Vallala Sena carried away, from
165-534: A Muslim majority district in the 1941 census of British India . Due to protests rectification was made and on the night of August 17, 1947, Ranaghat, Krishnanagar, Shikarpur in Karimpur and Plassey were placed in India. Since then some parts of this district have been celebrating Independence day on August 17 and August 18. Nadia district is also historically significant as the birthplace of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ,
220-644: A general under the Ghurid Empire , attacked and captured the capital City of Nadia. The detailed account of this invasion is given in Tabaqat-i-Nasiri. Deopara Prashasti described the founder of Sena dynasty Samanthasena, as a migrant Brahmaksatriya from Karnataka . The epithet 'Brahma-Kshatriya' suggests that Senas were Brahmins by caste who took the profession of arms and became Kshatriyas. The Sena kings were also probably Baidyas , according to historian P.N. Chopra. The Senas entered into
275-565: A population of 115,036. Males constitute 51% of the population and females 49%. Nabadwip has an average literacy rate of 75%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 80%, and female literacy is 70%. In Nabadwip, 9% of the population is under 6 years of age. Religion in Nabadwip (2011) Hinduism is the majority religion in Nabadwip city with 98.97% followers. Islam is second most popular religion in city of Nabadwip with approximately 0.79% following it. In Nabadwip, Christianity
330-701: A revered figure in Hinduism . He was born in Nabadwip , a town in the Nadia district, on the full moon night of 18 February 1486. Known as Gauranga for his molten gold-like complexion, Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is considered an avatar of Lord Krishna by his followers. He founded Gaudiya Vaishnavism and popularized the chanting of the Hare Krishna Maha-mantra. His birthplace, known as Yogpeeth in Mayapur,
385-477: Is 1: 1280. Reliable evidence of the widespread use of cowrie in early medieval Bengal has been found in excavations at Paharpur and Kalgang (Bihar near Bhagalpur ). Early medieval Bengal saw the scarcity of precious coins and the widespread circulation of cowries. Scholars have long sought to explain the virtual limitations of coins at this time Downfall of Sena dynasty was destined under the rule of weak rulers of this dynasty. This dynasty started declining during
440-567: Is 87.75 percent of which male and female literacy was 91.14 and 84.07 percent. Total children (0-6) in Nabadwip city are 8,388 as per figure from Census India report on 2011. There were 4,329 boys while 4,059 are girls. The child forms 6.68% of total population of Nabadwip City. [1] The following municipality and census towns were part of Nabadwip Urban Agglomeration in 2011 census: Nabadwip (M), Char Maijdia (CT), Char Brahmanagar (CT), Bablari Dewanganj (CT), Tiorkhali (CT), Gadigachha (CT) and Majdia . As of 2001 India census , Nabadwip had
495-525: Is Dhulōṭa (Bengali: ধুলোট). It is the general conferences of Kirtaniyas, occurred in month of Magh . Typically, it is a thirteen-day-long Sankirtana , performed by renowned Kirtaniyas from all over Bengal who gathered in Nabadwip in that time. Shakta Rash is the most celebrated age-old festival of Nabadwip, celebrated thirty-five days after the autumnal Durga puja celebration, or fifteen days after Kali puja in Kartik Purnima. The main feature of
550-429: Is a district in the state of West Bengal , India . It borders Bangladesh to the east, North 24 Parganas and Hooghly districts to the south, Purba Bardhaman to the west, and Murshidabad to the north. Nadia district is highly influential in the cultural history of Bengal. The standard version of Bengali , developed in the 19th century, is based on the dialect spoken around Shantipur region of Nadia. Known as
605-556: Is a college namely Nabadwip Vidyasagar College (in the name of the Great Social Reformer and the Father of Bengali Prose) affiliated under University of Kalyani . From April to June, the weather remains hot and temperature ranges from a maximum of 35 °C to a minimum of 26 °C. Monsoon season prevails during beginning-June to mid-September. Also retrieving monsoon from mid-October till mid-November. The weather
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#1732782609396660-524: Is a fruit called "Notkona" which is specially found in this eve, mainly brought from Assam. This Fruit is a vital part of Eastern part of Bengali. Nabadwip Dham railway station is the main railway station of Nabadwip. The railway inaugurated in 1913. It is situated 105 km from Howrah on the Bandel-Katwa Branch Line . Nabadwip Dham Railway Station is seventh longest railway station of India (2362 ft). Bishnupriya railway station
715-550: Is a major pilgrimage site for devotees. The District of Nadia has its headquarter at Krishnanagar town. The British district of Nadia was formed in 1787. The present district of Nadia after partition was formed by Notification No.545-GA dated 23 February 1948. The District Administration is headed by the District Magistrate & District Collector, Nadia. The district comprises four subdivisions: Krishnanagar Sadar , Kalyani , Ranaghat and Tehatta . Krishnanagar
770-975: Is another Halt station of Nabadwip, 107 km from howrah junction and 38 km from katwa junction. Nabadwip Dham is 65 km from Bandel ,105 km from Howrah and 112 km from Sealdah on the Bandel- Katwa -Azimganj section of Eastern Railway . It has very good railway communication with North Bengal, Assam , Bihar , Odisha and Kolkata . There is a good bus services in Nabadwip. From Nabadwip bus stand, it connect with Krishnanagar , Shantipur , Phulia , Ranaghat , Chakdaha , Nadanghat , Kusumgram , Bardhaman , Karimpur , Samudragarh , Memari , Tarapith Via Katwa etc. A long-distance bus services like Durgapur , Asansol , Tarakeswar , Siliguri , Dinhata Via Berhampur , Maldah , Coochbehar , Bolpur , Puruliya , Bankura , Suri , Gangarampur provided here. Kalyani Nadia district Nadia ( pronounced [nɔd̪iːaː] )
825-412: Is definitely a kind of silver coin. The conjunction ‘kapardaka-purana’ refers to a medium of exchange whose quality is equal to that of a purana or silver coin (56.6 grains), but which is actually calculated by the proportional denominator. The table found in the traditional arithmetic of Bengal contained 1260 cowries instead of one silver coin (Purana or Dramma). That is, the ratio of Purana and Kapardaka
880-474: Is divided into 17 assembly constituencies, which are part of four Lok Sabha constituencies. According to the 2011 census Nadia district has a population of 5,167,600, roughly equal to the US state of Colorado . This gives it a ranking of 18th in India (out of a total of 640 ). The district has a population density of 1,316 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,410/sq mi) . Its population growth rate over
935-837: Is followed by 0.04%, Jainism by 0.00%, Sikhism by 0.01% and Buddhism by 0.00%. Around 0.01% stated Other Religion , approximately 0.18% stated No Particular Religion . Nabadwip police station has jurisdiction over Nabadwip municipality and the Nabadwip CD block. The total area covered by the police station is 102.94 km and the population covered is 260,843 (2001 census). There are a total of 18 high and higher secondary schools in Nabadwip, Notables among them are Nabadwip Bakultala High School (1875), Nabadwip Hindu School (1873), Nabadwip Siksha Mandir (H.S), R.C.B Saraswatmandir, Jatiya Vidyalaya, Tarasundari Girls High School, Nabadwip Bakultala Girls High School, Nabadwip Balika Vidyalaya, Sudarshan High School and Techno India School etc. There
990-628: Is located in southern West Bengal, in the west-central Bengal region. The district is largely an alluvial plain, formed by the constant shifting of the various rivers of the Ganges Delta. To the west of the district is the Bhagirathi (or Hooghly) river, which was once the main distributary of the Ganga towards the Bay of Bengal, and is still considered to be the continuation of the Ganga for Hindus. As
1045-526: Is present day's Nabadwip. The name Nabadwip and Nadia has the same connotation of the same geographical location flanked at west and north by the Ganges at earlier times. Kabi Karnapur used Nabadwip as Nabīna dbīpaṁ (Bengali: নবীন দ্বীপং ), mean New Island in his book Chaitanya Charitamritam The claim that the name Nabadwip refers to an area comprising nine islets has no ground. There are many historical references in this respect. The misconception around
1100-484: Is quite pleasant, the summers and winters are moderate. The level of moisture increases during summers. Many festivals are celebrated in Nabadwip throughout the year. Among them Shakta Rash , Dol Purnima Ratha Yatra are the most popular religious festivals in Nabadwip. Other major festivals are Kali Puja , Durga Puja , Gaura-purnima (the birthday of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu ), Shiber Biye, Gajan , Pohela Boishakh , Jhulan Purnima etc. An extinct festival of Nabadwip
1155-859: Is the district headquarters. There are 19 police stations, 2 women's and 1 cyber crime police stations, 18 community development blocks, 11 municipalities, 187 gram panchayats (3114 sets) and 2639 villages in this district. Other than municipality area, each subdivision contains community development blocks which in turn are divided into rural areas and census towns. In total there are 26 urban units: 9 municipalities and 15 census towns and two notified areas . Ranaghat , Aistala , Satigachha , Nasra and Cooper's Camp together forms Ranaghat urban agglomeration . Nabadwip , Char Maijdia and Char Brahmanagar forms Nabadwip UA. Chakdaha , Gopalpur and Parbbatipur forms Chakdaha UA. Krishnanagar and Badkulla together forms Krishnanagar UA. Birnagar , Phulia and Taherpur together forms Birnagar UA. The district
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#17327826093961210-545: The Bethuadahari Wildlife Sanctuary , which has an area of 0.7 km (0.3 sq mi). Kalyani Sena dynasty The Sena dynasty was a Hindu dynasty during the early medieval period on the Indian subcontinent , that ruled from Bengal through the 11th and 12th centuries. The empire at its peak covered much of the north-eastern region of the Indian subcontinent. The rulers of
1265-527: The Bhakti movement , Chaitanya Mahaprabhu (1486–1534) was born here. It was after Chaitanya Mahaprabhu's birth that Nabadwip became an important center of pilgrimage for the Vaishnavas worldwide as well as for Hindus in general. Many who follow Gaudiya Vaishnavism visit Nabadwip to celebrate the auspicious birthday day of Shri Mahaprabhu, which, as per lunar calculations, occurs on Phalguni Purnima (i.e. on
1320-568: The Brahmin society obstructed the spread of Vaishnava culture in Nabadwip at that time. Many Brahmin scholars and common people had to leave Nabadwip at that time due to the oppression of the king. However, when Chand Kazi, the then ruler of Nabadwip, issued an order to the Vaishnava community to stop chanting, Mahaprabhu went to Kazi's house with his companions and convinced the Kazi to allow
1375-492: The Churni and Ichamati . The Churni flows southwest and merges with the Bhagirathi at Shibpur near Ranaghat. The Ichamati flows into Bangladesh near Mubarakpur and reenters India near Duttaphulia. It then flows south into North 24 Parganas district. Nabadwip , an ancient town within Nadia district, is often referred to as the “ Oxford of Bengal". One of the Indian schools of logic ( Tarka sastra ) called Navya Nyaya system
1430-538: The " Oxford of Bengal", Nabadwip made many contributions to Indian philosophy, such as the Navya-Nyaya system of logic, and is the birthplace of the Vaishnava saint Chaitanya Mahaprabhu . The district is still largely agricultural. "Nadia" is a shortened name for a historic city in the district. Nabadwip, literally "new island", was formerly an island created by alluvial deposits of the Ganga. Nadia district
1485-585: The Bamanpukur area adjacent to Nabadwip, which is associated with the history of Sen dynasty , has been protected by the Archaeological Survey of India . During the reign of Lakshman Sen , in 1202 AD, Bakhtiyar Khalji invaded and plundered Nabadwip and defeated Lakshman Sen , a victory that led to Muslim rule in Bengal. At that time the prosperity of Nabadwip was particularly damaged. During
1540-469: The Full moon day of February–March). This day is commonly known as Gaura-purnima . Aside from this, Nabadwip is visited for various other festivals like Dol Jatra and Rash purnima. The Bhagirathi river originally flowed down the west of Nabadwip in the past, forming a natural boundary between the districts of Purba Bardhaman and Nadia . With time it has shifted its course to where it is at present, cutting
1595-490: The Ganges-Pulin in his last years when he was defeated by his tenants and zamindars . According to the eminent historian Harprasad Shastri , Samanta Sen lived on the shores of Bhagirathi , probably in Nabadwip in his last years. Prior to Gour , Nabadwip was the capital of Sena dynasty during the reigns of Ballal Sen and Lakshman Sen . They ruled Bengal from here in the period from 1159 to 1206. The Ballal Dhipi in
1650-555: The Muslim rule, various temples, golden monasteries and idols of Bengal and Nabadwip were destroyed. The birth of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu is an important chapter of the fifteenth century. With the advent of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu , Vaishnava culture was well established in Nabadwip. However, even before the birth of Mahaprabhu, during the reign of Jalaluddin Fateh Shah (1481–87), royal fear appeared in Nabadwip. The ruling society and
1705-523: The Sena Dynasty traced their origin to the south Indian region of Karnataka . The dynasty's founder was Samanta Sena. After him came Hemanta Sena, who usurped power and styled himself king in 1095 AD. His successor Vijaya Sena (ruled from 1096 AD to 1159 AD) helped lay the foundations of the dynasty and had an unusually long reign of over 60 years. Ballala Sena conquered Gaur from the Pala, became
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1760-435: The chanting, which is the first instance of civil disobedience movement in the history of India. During Chaitanya and later, various Pandits -Sadhaks-Vidyalankars and Sanskrit Pandits were born in Nabadwip. During the period of Chaitanya, Basudev Sarvabhauma , Raghunath Shiromani , Raghunandan etc. and later Krishnananda Agamavagisha , Buno Ramnath etc., Nabadwip became the main center of Sanskrit practice and learning. At
1815-519: The city off from the rest of the Nadia district. Prachin mayapur, 3rd len Lake kali Mata temple. The name of the city is derived from the conjunction of the Bengali words /naba/ (new) and /dwipa/ (island) meaning New-island. In the down stream of the river Ganges , the alluvial deposits carried over during its course that starts at the Himalayas, were gradually deposited, forming a new island which
1870-412: The decade 2001-2011 was 12.24%. Nadia has a sex ratio of 947 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 75.58%. 27.84% of the population lives in urban areas. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 29.93% and 2.72% of the population respectively. Bengali is the predominant language, spoken by 98.02% of the population. As per the 2011 Census, Hinduism is the majority religion of
1925-653: The district, followed by 73.15% of the population. Hinduism became majority in the district after Independence, when Nadia became the destination for millions of refugees from East Pakistan, and from Bangladesh after 1971. Over 90% of Muslims live in rural areas. Muslims are majority in Karimpur II (60.38%), Kaliganj (58.51%), Nakashipara (54.06%), and Chapra (59.00%) CD blocks. Muslims are a significant minority in Tehatta II (47.89%), Krishnanagar II (42.84%), and Nabadwip (35.20%). In 1980, Nadia district became home to
1980-557: The enemies, the goddesses of fortune on palanquins ( Shivaka ), which elephant tusk staff supported; and also states that Vallala Sena's son, Lakshmana Sena (1179–1205), erected pillars of victory and sacrificial posts at Varanasi, Allahabad, and Adon Coast of the South Sea. The copperplate also describes the villages with smooth fields growing excellent paddy, the dancing and music in ancient Bengal, and ladies adorned with blooming flowers. The Edilpur copperplate of Keshava Sena records that
2035-534: The festival is to make huge idols of different types of goddesses and to worship Shakti . After the patronize of Raja Krishnachandra Roy and mainly Girish Chandra Basu , Nabadwip Shakta Rash became more popular and glorious. Although Ratha Yatra is the main festival of Odisha, still Nabadwip have a pride of Ratha Yatra because of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu . Nearly 20-25 Ratha Chariots are bloom in this occasion. Here in Nabadwip one can found some exceptions like full hand idols of Lord Jagannatha. Here another speciality
2090-989: The final boundary adjustment of the Radcliffe Commission transferred these districts to the Dominion of India (specifically West Bengal ) , to ensure the Hooghly River was entirely within India and to maintain connectivity between Kolkata and Guwahati through Darjeeling district. But, later Nadia and West Dinajpur became Hindu majority districts due to the arrival of large number of Bengali Hindu refugees from East Bengal of Pakistan during 1947 and Bangladesh ( East Bengal ) liberation war in 1971. Pre-independence Nadia had five subdivisions: Krishnagar sadar, Ranaghat, Kushtia , Meherpur and Chuadanga . Due to some cartographic error in 1947, large part of Nadia except Nabadwip initially were included into East Pakistan (now Bangladesh ) due to it being
2145-566: The idea as being "Nabadwip". Although significant examples of the history of Nabadwip have been found since the Sen dynasty , various historians have been referring to Nabadwip in the Pala period . English historian John Clark Marshman mentioned Nabadwip as the capital of Adishur. It is known from the Deopara stone slab of Rajshahi district that Raja Samanta Sena, a resident of Karnataka , lived in
2200-410: The king made a grant in favour of Nitipathaka Isvaradeva Sarman for the inside of the subha-varsha . The Sena rulers consolidated the caste system in Bengal. The Sena dynasty is famous for building Hindu temples and monasteries, which include the renowned Dhakeshwari Temple in what is now Dhaka , Bangladesh. In Kashmir, the dynasty also likely built a temple knows as Sankara Gaureshwara. In
2255-533: The main flow of the Ganga ran east into the Padma, the Bhagirathi largely dried up. Most of the rivers flowing through Nadia now have little water in them. Nearly all the district has been converted into farmland. Nadia district is home to many rivers. The Padma, now the main distributary of the Ganga, touches the district on its northeastern end. The Jalangi , which flows from Murshidabad district, forms much of
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2310-468: The neo-Kshatriyas of Bengal — hence, Abul Fazl would write that Bengal had always been ruled by Kayasthas. The actual caste-status of Senas — notwithstanding the anachronism — remain contested in popular memory: premodern Baidya genealogies claim the Senas as their own which are agreed upon by some Brahmin genealogies but rejected by Kayastha ones. In the 16th century, a dynasty emerged in
2365-479: The nomenclature of the name "Nabadwip" arose due to the publication of the book "Bhakti Ratnakar" of Narahari Chakraborty. Hence "Nabadwip" i.e. nine islands, namely Antardwip, Simantadwip, Rudradwip, Madhyadwip, Godrumdwip, Ritudwip, Jahnudwip, Modadrumdwip, and Koladwip. However again, it is to mention that all these islands are loosely scattered over a vast geographical area that the Historians do not approve of
2420-425: The northwestern border of the district with Murshidabad, before flowing south into Nadia district. Around Krishnanagar, it turns west and flows into the Bhagirathi near Nabadwip. The Mathabhanga originates in the far northeast of the district and forms part of the border with Bangladesh. It then flows into Bangladesh until it, again forming part of the border, reenters the district at Gede. At Maijdia, it splits into
2475-549: The occasion of raas utsab. Located on the western bank of the Hooghly River , it is considered to have been founded in 1063 CE, and served as the old capital of the Sena dynasty . A center of learning and philosophy in medieval India, the city is still noted for its traditional Sanskrit schools. The Navya Nyaya school of logic reached its peak with the efforts of some well known contemporary philosophers of Nabadwip. The great Vaishnava saint, social reformer and an important figure of
2530-512: The political history of Bengal, Sena dynasty was a mighty ruling dynasty in power. Various currency names have been regularly mentioned in the Sena writings, such as Purana , Dharan, Dramma . These terms were used to mean a silver coin weighing 32 ratis (56.6 grains) or a karshapan weighing scale. The term Kapardaka Purana is seen as a medium of exchange in the writings of the Sena kings and other contemporary kings. Karpadak means cow ; And 'Purana'
2585-447: The popularity, glory and pomp of Shakta Rash increased. Various temples and idols were established in that time. In the 2011 census, Nabadwip Urban Agglomeration had a population of 175,474, out of which 90,810 were males and 84,664 were females. The 0–6 years population was 8,388. In education section, total literates in Nabadwip city are 102,793 of which 55,569 are males while 47,224 are females. Average literacy rate of Nabadwip city
2640-464: The rule of Lakshmanasena who was the last significant Sena king. He was succeeded by his two sons Visvarupasena and Kesavasena. Probably they ruled till at least 1230 A.D. However it was learnt from Tabaqat-i-Nasiri that the descendants of Lakshmansena ruled in Bengal (Bang) till at least 1245 A.D. or 1260 A.D. The Senas and their descendants merged into the Kayastha caste-group, heralding them as
2695-564: The ruler of the Bengal Delta, and made Nadia the capital as well. Ballala Sena married Ramadevi a princess of the Western Chalukya Empire which indicates that the Sena rulers maintained close social contact with south India. Lakshmana Sena succeeded Ballala Sena in 1179, ruled Bengal for approximately 20 years, and expanded the Sena dynasty to Odisha , possibly up to Varanasi . In 1203–1204 AD, Bakhtiyar Khalji ,
2750-554: The service of Palas as sāmantas in Rāḍha, probably under Samantasena. With the decline of the Pālas, their territory had expanded to include Vaṅga and a part of Varendra by the end of Vijayasena's reign. The Palas were ousted in totality, and their entire territory annexed sometime after 1165. A copperplate was found in the Adilpur or Edilpur pargana of Faridpur District in 1838 A.D. and
2805-427: The southern parts of Nepal near the border with Bihar which used the Sena surname and claimed descent from the Senas of Bengal. One of their branches formed the Sena dynasty of Makwanpur which ruled from the fort of Makwanpur Gadhi . This branch of the Sena dynasty adopted the local language of the region, Maithili which became their state language. The Sena rulers were also great patrons of literature. During
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#17327826093962860-466: The time of Raja Rudra Roy, there were four thousand students and six hundred professors teaching in Nabadwip, leading to its nickname as the "Oxford of Bengal". Buno Ramnath, Shankara Tarkabagish and other scholars and logicians made the name of Nabadwip famous in the eighteenth century. Shakti worship spread in Nabadwip during the time of Raja Krishnachandra of Nadia royal family. During the reign of Raja Krishnachandra Roy and later Raja Girish Chandra,
2915-656: The village of Chaugacha in Krishnanagar, Nadia . Nadia is thought to have had trade relations with Tibet , Nepal and Bhutan . On 15 August 1947 the Indian Independence Act 1947 came into force, and for the next two days Nadia , along with Murshidabad , Malda , and West Dinajpur (present-day North Dinajpur and South Dinajpur ) due to Muslim majority , were part of the Dominion of Pakistan (specifically East Bengal or East Pakistan , which seceded as Bangladesh in 1971). On 17 August 1947
2970-750: Was acquired by the Asiatic Society of Bengal , but now the copperplate is missing from the collection. An account of the copperplate was published in the Dacca Review and Epigraphic Indica . The copperplate inscription is written in Sanskrit and in Ganda character, and dated 3rd jyaistha of 1136 samvat , or 1079 A.D. In the Asiatic Society's proceeding for January 1838, an account of the copperplate states that three villages were given to
3025-583: Was developed in Nabadwip , which produced great logicians in the 15th century. Nabadwip was an important seat of political power and the capital of Bengal under Ballal Sen and later Lakshman Sen , kings of the Sena Empire , who ruled from 1159 to 1206. In 1202, Nabadwip was captured by Bakhtiyar Khilji . This victory paved the way for Muslim rule in Bengal. The British defeated Siraj ud-Daulah , Nawab of Bengal, at Palashi in this district. The 1859 revolt against European Indigo planters started from
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