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51-464: The name of the town, possibly, derives from the name of the legendary first settler Nyasar ( Ingush : Наьсар , also referred as Närt-Näsar Ingush: Наьрт-Наьсар , lit.   'Hero Näsar'). The town is associated by some scholars like Leonid Lavrov  [ ru ] with the Arabic word "al nasaraa" ( النصارى ), meaning " Christian ", thus explaining that the name was gotten from

102-704: A humid continental climate ( Köppen climate classification : Dfb ). Nazran is located on the M29 federal highway and has a railway station on the Rostov-on-Don – Baku line. Magas Airport serves the city and the near town of Magas . FC Angusht Nazran is the city's association football club. Its home ground is the Rashid Aushev Central Stadium . Ingush language Ingush ( / ˈ ɪ ŋ ɡ ʊ ʃ / ; Гӏалгӏай мотт , Ghalghai mott , pronounced [ˈʁəlʁɑj mot] )

153-642: A vigesimal system, where numbers lower than twenty are counted as in a base-ten system, but higher decads are base-twenty. In Ingush, "for main clauses, other than episode-initial and other all-new ones, verb-second order is most common. The verb, or the finite part of a compound verb or analytic tense form (i.e. the light verb or the auxiliary), follows the first word or phrase in the clause". Muusaa Musa vy V . PROG hwuona 2S . DAT telefon telephone jettazh strike. CVsim Muusaa vy hwuona telefon jettazh Musa V .PROG 2S.DAT telephone strike. CVsim It's Musa on

204-625: A written language with an Arabic -based writing system at the beginning of the 20th century. After the October Revolution it first used a Latin alphabet , which was later replaced by Cyrillic . The diphthongs are иэ /ie/, уо /uo/, оа /oɑ/ , ий /ij/, эи /ei/, ои /oi/, уи /ui/, ов /ow/, ув /uw/. The consonants of Ingush are as follows, including the Latin orthography developed by Johanna Nichols : Single consonants can be geminated by various morphophonemic processes. Ingush

255-414: A factory producing automotive electrical equipment, a large-panel construction complex, and companies in the food industry. The Sadonsky industrial center has grown around the mining and forest industries. Despite the proximity to Chechnya, North Ossetia is making efforts to develop its tourist industry. Projects under a program for spa, resort, and tourism development have been successfully implemented in

306-553: A federal subject of Russia . It is possible that during the period of 8–12th century, when the Temples like Tkhaba-Yerdy emerged in Ingushetia, a writing system based on a Georgian script emerged. This is attested by the fact that a non- Georgian name, 'Enola', was found written on the arc of Tkhaba-Yerdy. Furthermore, Georgian text was found on archaeological items in Ingushetia that could not be deciphered. Ingush became

357-503: A part of the Caucasus. Mount Kazbek is the highest point (5,033 m), with Mount Jimara being the second-highest (4,780 m). Natural resources include minerals ( copper , silver , zinc ), timber , mineral waters , hydroelectric power , and untapped reserves of oil and gas . The climate is moderately continental . The territory of North Ossetia was first inhabited by Caucasian tribes. Some Nomadic Alans settled in

408-601: A result, some 70,000 South Ossetian refugees were resettled in North Ossetia. Additionally, North Ossetia provoked the predominantly Ingush population in the Prigorodny District , which sparked the Ossetian–Ingush conflict . The results of the conflict were that 7,000 Ossetians and 64,000 Ingush refugees had to flee their homes. On 23 March 1995, North Ossetia–Alania signed a power-sharing agreement with

459-626: Is a Northeast Caucasian language spoken by about 350,000 people, known as the Ingush , across a region covering the Russian republics of Ingushetia , Chechnya , North Ossetia , as well as the countries Turkey , Kazakhstan , Jordan , Syria , Lebanon , et al. Ingush and Chechen , together with Bats , constitute the Nakh branch of the Northeast Caucasian language family . There

510-526: Is a sizable Muslim minority. Ethnic Russians and Ingush , who form a majority in neighboring Ingushetia , form substantial minorities in the republic. The Ossetia region traces its history back to the ancient Alans , who founded the Kingdom of Alania in the 8th century and adopted Christianity in the 9th century. The kingdom would fall to the Mongols in the 13th century. From 1774 to 1806, Ossetia

561-574: Is also a large availability of construction materials, such as clay , sand , and gravel . The local oil deposit reserves are estimated at 10 million metric tons. The agricultural sector is varied and specializes in the cultivation of wheat, corn, and sunflowers; horticulture; viticulture; and cattle and sheep breeding. North Ossetia’s industry is mainly concentrated in Vladikavkaz . Major companies located here include Elektrotsink, Gazoapparat, an instrument-making plant, Elektrokontraktor,

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612-542: Is based on the report of L. L. Shteder, who during his expedition to Caucasus in 1781, noticed Ingush outposts on the river of Nazranka  [ ru ] . After becoming a military fortress in 1817, Nazran saw large numbers of Ingush population moving into it. It was granted town status in 1967. During the Russian Empire , the settlement was the administrative capital of the Nazranovsky Okrug of

663-507: Is located in the western area of Ingushetia, at the borders with Prigorodny Raion of North Ossetia-Alania . It also borders the raion of Nazranovsky ; and the nearest settlements are Ekazhevo , the new town of Magas , and Barsuki . It is 27 km from the North Ossetian-Alanian capital city, Vladikavkaz , 19 from Karabulak and 54 from Malgobek . Within the framework of administrative divisions , Nazran serves as

714-531: Is not divided into dialects with the exception of Galanchoz  [ ru ] (native name: Галай-Чӏож/Галайн-Чӏаж), which is considered to be transitional between Chechen and Ingush. Ingush is a nominative–accusative language in its syntax , though it has ergative morphology . The most recent and in-depth analysis of the language shows eight cases: absolutive , ergative , genitive , dative , allative , instrumental , lative and comparative . Like many Northeast Caucasian languages, Ingush uses

765-591: Is pervasive passive bilingualism between Ingush and Chechen. Ingush is spoken by about 350,000-400,000 people (2020) in Russia , primarily in the North Caucasian republics of Ingushetia , North Ossetia and Chechnya . Speakers can also be found in Kazakhstan , Uzbekistan , Turkmenistan , Belgium , Norway , Turkey and Jordan . Ingush is, alongside Russian, an official language of Ingushetia ,

816-553: The 1989 Census , during the 2002 Census Nazran had as many as 125,056 inhabitants. In 2004, a group of Chechen and Ingush militants carried out a large-scale raid on Ingushetia, led by Shamil Basayev . The overnight attacks targeted fifteen official buildings in Nazran, and at least three towns and villages located on the Baku-Rostov highway that crosses the republic from east to west. The raid lasted nearly five hours, and

867-607: The East Iranian group. Ossetian is the only Iranic language spoken natively in Europe that survives to this day. Russian, acting as a lingua franca in the region, is an East Slavic language and as such also belongs to the Indo-European family, which means the two languages are related, albeit distantly. According to a 2012 survey which interviewed 56,900 people, 49% of the population of North Ossetia–Alania adheres to

918-726: The Georgian SSR . Following the dissolution of the Soviet Union , the republic experienced internal conflict like in much of the North Caucasus. In 1992, a brief ethnic war between Ossetians and the predominantly Muslim Ingush population in the Prigorodny District took place. The republic has experienced spillover from the Chechen conflict , most notably in the form of the 2004 Beslan school siege . Proposals for Russia to annex South Ossetia in order to incorporate

969-737: The North Caucasus region and in Russia . It ranks first in terms of its telecom network installations in the Southern Federal District. The republic ranks fourth in Russia in terms of its paved roads, and its expanding transport and logistics complex provides communication networks between Russia and the South Caucasus, as well as Central Asia. The complex includes two federal highways ( Georgian Military Road connects Vladikavkaz with Transcaucasia ) running across

1020-545: The Russian Orthodox Church , 10% declare to be unaffiliated Christian believers, 2% are either Orthodox Christian believers who do not belong to churches or members of non-Russian Orthodox bodies. The second-largest religion is Ossetian ethnic religion , generally called Uatsdin (Уацдин, "True Faith"), a Scythian religion organized into movements such as the Atsata Church, comprising 29% of

1071-675: The Soviet period, the high authority in the republic was shared between three people; the first secretary of the North Ossetia Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) Committee (who in reality had the biggest authority), the chairman of the oblast Soviet (legislative power), and the Chairman of the Republic Executive Committee (executive power). Since 1991, CPSU lost all the power, and

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1122-675: The Terek Oblast . During the Soviet period, Nazran was the administrative center of Nazranovsky District within the Chechen–Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic . After the Republic of Ingushetia and the Chechen Republic were separated in 1991, the town became the republic's capital. This brought about a sharp increase in population: while counting 18,246 inhabitants according to

1173-400: The administrative center of Nazranovsky District , even though it is not a part of it. As an administrative division, it is incorporated separately as the city of republic significance of Nazran —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As a municipal division , the city of republic significance of Nazran is incorporated as Nazran Urban Okrug . Nazran has

1224-623: The 17th century by Kabardians . Conflicts between the Khanate of Crimea and the Ottoman Empire eventually pushed Ossetia into an alliance with Imperial Russia in the 18th century. Soon, Russia established a military base in the capital, Vladikavkaz , making it the first Russian-controlled area in the northern Caucasus. By 1806, Ossetia was under complete Russian control. The Russians’ rule led to rapid development of industry and railways which overcame its isolation. The first books from

1275-576: The Caucasus, many intellectuals in the North Ossetian ASSR called for the revival of the name of Alania , a medieval kingdom of the Alans . The term "Alania" quickly became popular in Ossetian daily life through the names of various enterprises, TV channels, political and civic organizations, publishing house, football team, etc. In November 1994, the name "Alania" was officially added to

1326-477: The Greater Caucasus Range , two customs checkpoints for cars, a developed railway network, Vladikavkaz international airport, and well-equipped transport terminals. Population : 687,357 ( 2021 Census ) ; 712,980 ( 2010 Census ) ; 710,275 ( 2002 Census ) ; 634,009 ( 1989 Soviet census ) . Number of refugees : 12,570 Life expectancy: The majority of

1377-610: The actual cash earnings increased by 42.5 percent. In terms of the average monthly wage growth, the Republic ranks first in the North Caucasus. The regional government’s economic priorities include industrial growth, development of small enterprise, spas, and resorts, and strengthening the budgetary and tax discipline. The largest companies in the region include Elektrozinc, Sevkavkazenergo, Pobedit (tungsten and molybdenum producer). The most widespread resources are zinc - and lead -containing complex ores. There are deposits of limestone , dolomites , marble , and touchstone . There

1428-812: The area came during the late 18th century, and became part of the Terskaya Region of Russia in the mid-19th century. The Russian Revolution of 1917 resulted in North Ossetia being merged into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in 1921. It then became the North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast on 7 July 1924, then merged into the North Ossetian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic on 5 December 1936. In World War II , it

1479-547: The assailants - said to number 200 to 300 - withdrew almost unscathed; the raiders apparently lost only two men during the attacks. The rebels killed 67 members of security forces, including the republic's Interior Minister Abukar Kostoyev, his deputy Zyaudin Kotiev, top prosecutors, and other officials; they also captured and looted the MVD 's armory and police depots. 25 civilians, including a local United Nations worker, were killed in

1530-485: The basis for health spas, these mineral waters also have the potential to be bottled and sold. North Ossetian mineral waters are known for their unique qualities, as well as special mineral composition. In terms of its infrastructure, North Ossetia–Alania ranks second in the Southern Federal District and 10th in the nation. The republic has some of the most extensive telecommunication networks in

1581-603: The country of Georgia to the south, and the Russian federal subjects of Kabardino-Balkaria to the west, Stavropol Krai to the north, Chechnya to the east and Ingushetia to the southeast. Its population according to the 2021 Census was 687,357. The republic’s capital city is Vladikavkaz , located on the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains. The majority of the republic's population (68.1% as of 2021) are Ossetians , an Iranian ethnic group native to

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1632-551: The crossfire. Federal Interior Minister Rashid Nurgaliyev met with General Vyacheslav Tikhomirov, the commander of Russia's Interior Ministry forces, and blamed them for the high number of deaths. Tikhomirov decided to resign after the meeting. Widespread protests erupted in January 2008, with a strong government response. The disturbances appear to have been fueled by heavy-handed government and para-military activity, including abductions, arrests and murders. Protesters demanded

1683-489: The fact that supposedly Christianity held on for longer in Nazran unlike in other neighboring places in Ingushetia . Although author explains that Muslims already were present here in 1405–1406. Vladimir Markovin also stated that the name of Nazran has an Arabic origin while quoting Lavrov. The aul of Nazran was founded in the late 18th century, with the official date of the foundation being considered 1781. This

1734-479: The federal government, granting it autonomy. However, this agreement was abolished on 2 September 2002. Following the de facto independence of South Ossetia, there have been proposals in this state of joining Russia and uniting with North Ossetia. As well as dealing with the effects of the conflict in South Ossetia, North Ossetia has had to deal with refugees and the occasional spillover of fighting from

1785-456: The head of the Republic administration, and eventually the governor was appointed/elected alongside elected regional parliament . The Charter of the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania is the fundamental law of the region. The Parliament of North Ossetia–Alania is the republic’s regional standing legislative (representative) body. The Legislative Assembly exercises its authority by passing laws, resolutions, and other legal acts and by supervising

1836-558: The implementation and observance of the laws and other legal acts passed by it. The highest executive body is the Republic’s Government, which includes territorial executive bodies such as district administrations, committees, and commissions that facilitate development and run the day to day matters of the province. The Oblast administration supports the activities of the Governor who is the highest official and acts as guarantor of

1887-521: The mountainous part of the republic, according to the head of the regional government. There are nearly 3,000 historical monuments in the Republic and more than half of its area is occupied by Alania National Park , the North Ossetia National Preserve, and game preserves. There are more than 250 therapeutic, mineral, and freshwater springs in the republic with estimated daily reserves of 15,000 cubic meters. Besides providing

1938-460: The phone for you. (After answering the phone.) North Ossetia-Alania North Ossetia ( Russian : Северная Осетия , romanized :  Severnaya Osetiya ; Ossetian : Цæгат Ирыстон/Иристон , romanized:  Cægat Iryston/Iriston ), officially the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania , is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe . It borders

1989-445: The population of North Ossetia are Christians who belong to the Russian Orthodox Church , although there is also a Muslim minority who are of Ossetian -speaking origin. According to the 2021 Census , Ossetians make up 68.1% of the republic’s population. Other groups include Russians (18.9%), Ingush (3.8%), Kumyks (2.8%), Armenians (1.8%), Georgians (1.0%), and a host of smaller groups, each accounting for less than 1% of

2040-590: The population. Muslims constitute 4% of the population, and Protestants the 1%. In addition, 1% of the population declares to be " spiritual but not religious " and 3% to be atheist . The most important facilities of higher education include North Caucasus State Technological University , North Ossetian State University , North Ossetian State Medical Academy , and Mountain State Agrarian University  – all in Vladikavkaz. During

2091-626: The region in the 7th century, forming the Kingdom of Alania . It was eventually converted to Christianity by missionaries from Byzantium . Alania greatly profited from the Silk Road which passed through its territory. After the Middle Ages , the Mongols ’ and Tartars ’ repeated invasions decimated the population, now known as the Ossetians . Islam was introduced to the region in

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2142-412: The republic and neighboring South Ossetia . Ossetian is an east Iranian language descended from the medieval Alanic and ancient Sarmatian languages. Unlike many ethnic groups in the North Caucasus, the majority of Ossetians are Christians, predominantly Eastern Orthodox . Almost 30% of the population adheres to Ossetian ethnic religion , generally called Uatsdin (Уацдин, "True Faith"), and there

2193-463: The republic contribute to the successful development of various economic sectors, which is compounded by the abundance of natural resources. Gross regional product pro capita of the region in 2006 was 61,000 rubles ($ 2,596) and increased 30% in the 2005–2007 time period. GRP pro capita in 2007 was 76,455 rubles. From 2005 to 2007, the average monthly wage in North Ossetia–Alania doubled, with

2244-532: The republic’s title (Republic of North Ossetia–Alania). The republic is located in the North Caucasus . The northern part of the republic is situated in the Stavropol Plain . 22% of the republic’s territory is covered by forests. All of the republic’s rivers belong to the drainage basin of the Terek River . Major rivers include: All of the mountains located on the territory of the republic are

2295-449: The resignation of President Zyazikov. In August 2009, a suicide bomber drove a truck filled with explosives into the Nazran police headquarters. Russian news agencies reported that 25 were killed in the attack, and roughly 140 were wounded. It is believed that more bodies may still be in the rubble, yet to be found. The police headquarters was completely destroyed in the attack, including up to 30 police vehicles and munition stores. Nazran

2346-488: The total population. 41,062 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. It is estimated that the proportion of ethnicities in this group is the same as that of the declared group. There are two official languages in North Ossetia: Russian , which is official in all Russian territory, and Ossetian . Ossetian is an Indo-European language, belonging to

2397-529: The two as one entity exist to this day. Ossetian cuisine is distinguished as an integral aspect of Ossetian culture. Ossetian-style pies such as Fydzhin (a meat pie ) are a quintessential component of Ossetian cuisine. The "three pies" concept holds special symbolic significance, and representing the Sun, Earth, and water. In the last years of the Soviet Union , as nationalist movements swept throughout

2448-408: The wars around them. This notably manifested in the form of the 2004 Beslan school siege by Chechen terrorists. In recent years, North Ossetia–Alania’s economic development has been successful; the indicators of the republic’s social and economic development between 2005 and 2007 revealed a stable growth of all sectors of the economy and major social parameters. The nature and climatic conditions of

2499-607: Was part of the Russian SFSR , and South Ossetia , part of the Georgian SSR . In December 1990, the Supreme Soviet of the Georgian SSR abolished the autonomous Ossetian enclave amid the rising ethnic tensions in the region , which was further fanned by Moscow; a lot of the conflict zone population, faced with the ethnic cleansing, was forced to flee across the border to either North Ossetia or Georgia proper. As

2550-479: Was slowly incorporated into the Russian Empire , which would split the region into a northern part included in the Terek Oblast , and a southern one included in the Tiflis and Kutaisi governorates. This partition would persist in the Soviet period , where North Ossetia was made into the Mountain Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian SFSR , while South Ossetia became an autonomous oblast within

2601-424: Was subject to a number of attacks by Nazi German invaders unsuccessfully trying to seize Vladikavkaz in 1942. The North Ossetian ASSR declared itself the autonomous republic of the Soviet Union on 20 June 1990. Its name was changed to the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania in 1994. The dissolution of the Soviet Union posed particular problems for the Ossetian people, who were divided between North Ossetia, which

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