Highways in Finland , or Main roads , comprise the highest categories of roads in Finland :
64-611: Tampella (until 2002 known as Naistenlahti ) is a neighbourhood in the northern part of the city center of Tampere , Finland . It consists of the old Tampella factory area, the Armonkallio residential area and the Naistenlahti harbor area. The neighboring parts of the internally heterogeneous district located on the shores of Lake Näsijärvi are Lapinniemi , Lappi , Osmonmäki , Tammela , Jussinkylä , Finlayson and Särkänniemi . The Naistenlahti Power Plant operates on
128-612: A long time, although after 2008 growth came to a virtual standstill. The average living space at the end of 2012 was about 36.8 m per inhabitant, compared with about 19.2 m in 1970 and about 31.8 m in 1990. The average dwelling had about 1.8 inhabitants in 2012. For more than ten years, Tampere has been one of the most migratory municipalities, as more than 1,930 new residents moved to Tampere in January–September 2021. Nokia , Kangasala and Lempäälä , which are among Tampere's neighbouring municipalities, have also been identified as
192-515: A modern look. The construction of the sewerage and water supply networks and the introduction of electric lighting were further steps towards modernisation; Tampere was the first Nordic city to introduce electric lighting for general use in 1882. The railway connection to Tampere from the extension of the Helsinki - Hämeenlinna line (now part of the Main Line ) via Toijala was opened to
256-443: A more modern direction since the 2010s, and the city aims to have the centre in its future form by the 2030s. In particular, plans have been drawn up for the area around the central railway station in the form of the "Tampere Deck" project, which includes a new multi-purpose arena and high-rise buildings in the area. A light rail network has also recently been built in the city centre. Artificial island projects are planned on
320-449: A population of approximately 340,000. Tampere is the most important urban, economic and cultural centre in the whole of inland Finland. Tampere and its surroundings are part of the historic province of Satakunta . The area belonged to the province of Häme from 1831 to 1997; over time, it has often been considered a province of Tavastia. For example, in Uusi tietosanakirja , published in
384-644: A stream" and *kōškë "rapids" (related to the Finnish koski ), which has become the most accepted explanation in academia, according to the Institute for the Languages of Finland . Other theories include that it comes from the Swedish word damber , meaning milldam ; another is that it comes from the ancient Scandinavian words þambr ("fat-bellied") and þambion ("swollen belly"), possibly referring to
448-762: A total of 33 million cubic meters of wastewater was treated in Tampere. The Viinikanlahti treatment plant treats more than 75% of wastewater. The new central treatment plant in Sulkavuori will open in 2025. It is a joint project of Tampere, Kangasala, Pirkkala, Ylöjärvi, Lempäälä and Vesijärvi, with a treatment capacity of 100 000 cubic metres of wastewater per day. Pirkanmaan Jätehuolto handles waste management in Tampere. It has waste treatment facilities in Nokia 's Lake Koukkujärvi and Tampere's Lake Tarastenjärvi. The city of Tampere has 260,051 inhabitants, making it
512-535: A town on the banks of the Tammerkoski Canal in 1771–1772; it was officially founded as a market town in 1775 by Gustav III of Sweden and four years later, on 1 October 1779, Tampere was granted full town rights . At that time it was a rather small town, founded on the lands of the Tammerkoski manor, while its inhabitants were still mainly farmers. As farming was forbidden within the city limits,
576-572: Is surface water and 25% groundwater . 58% of the water was diverted to economic use and 13% to industrial use. In addition to Tampere, Tampereen Vesi manages water in Pirkkala . Almost all surface water comes from Lake Roine . In addition, Tampereen Vesi has three surface water plants in Lake Näsijärvi and five groundwater intakes. Tampereen Vesi is 96% responsible for the wastewater of Tampere, Kangasala , Pirkkala and Ylöjärvi . In 2023,
640-613: Is known as the " Manchester of the North" because of its past as a centre of Finnish industry, which has given rise to its Finnish nickname "Manse" and terms such as "Manserock". Tampere has also been officially declared the "Sauna Capital of the World" because it has the most public saunas in the world. Helsinki is about 160 km (100 mi) south of Tampere and can be reached by Pendolino high-speed train in 1 hour 31 minutes and by car in 2 hours. The distance to Turku ,
704-579: Is located in the Finnish Lakeland . The population of Tampere is approximately 260,000, while the metropolitan area has a population of approximately 423,000. It is the 3rd most populous municipality in Finland, and the second most populous urban area in the country after the Helsinki metropolitan area . Tampere is the most populous inland city in the Nordic countries . The urban area has
SECTION 10
#1732776339726768-554: Is ranked 26th in the list of 446 hipster cities in the world and is often rated as the most popular city in Finland. The positive development of Tampere and the Tampere metropolitan area has continued into the 21st century, largely due to the fact that Tampere is one of the most attractive cities in Finland. In 2023, Tampere won the first prize at the Smart City World Congress in Barcelona , competing in
832-701: Is surrounded by three lakes, Näsijärvi, Pyhäjärvi and the much smaller Iidesjärvi. The Tampere region lies in the basin of the Kokemäki River, which flows into the Bothnian Sea through Pori, the capital of the Satakunta region . Tampere's bedrock consists of mica schist and migmatite , and its building stone deposits are diverse: in addition to the traditional granite, there is an abundance of quartz diorite , tonalite , mica schist and mica gneiss . One of Tampere's most striking geographical features
896-662: Is the Särkänniemi amusement park , which had about 552 000 visitors in 2023. In addition, in 2023, 1,4 millions overnight stays were made in Tampere hotels and 300 000 in other commercial accommodations. The number exceeded the previous record year 2022 with seven percents. All that makes Tampere the second most popular city in Finland after Helsinki in terms of hotel stays. Leisure tourism accounted 865 000 of overnight stays and occupational tourism for 551 000. The income from accommodations were 116,9 million euros (+7,2 million comparing to 2022). Tampere's financial result in 2023
960-624: Is the Pyynikki Ridge ( Pyynikinharju ), a large esker formed from moraine during the Weichselian glaciation . It rises 160 m (520 ft) above sea level and is said to be the largest gravel esker in the world. It is also part of Salpausselkä , a 200 km (120 mi) long ridge system left over from the Ice Age . The centre of Tampere ( Keskusta ) and the districts of Pyynikki , Ylä-Pispala and Ala-Pispala lie on
1024-704: Is the only example of medieval architecture. Neoclassicism from the early 19th century is represented by the Old Church of Tampere and its bell tower . The Gothic Revival buildings in Tampere that evolved from Neoclassicism are the New Church of Messukylä and the Alexander Church , while the Renaissance Revival buildings are Hatanpää Manor , Tampere City Hall , Ruuskanen House and Näsilinna . Romantic nationalism can be seen in
1088-867: The Commerce house , the Tirkkonen House, the Palander House, the Tampere Cathedral , the Tampere Central Fire Station and the Tampere National Bank building. The use of red brick as a building material in the industrial buildings along Tammerkoski, such as the Finlayson and Tampella factories, has left a strong imaginary mark on the city. The Post- Art Nouveau was largely Nordic, with
1152-545: The Hämeensilta bridge. Also along Hämeenkatu is the longest street in the city centre, Satakunnankatu , which runs from Rautatienkatu to Amuri and crosses Tammerkoski via the Satakunnansilta bridge. Tampere's central square is located on the western bank of Tammerkoski, near Hämeensilta. The traffic centre of Tampere is the junction of Itsenäisyydenkatu , Teiskontie , Sammonkatu , Kalevanpuisto park road and
1216-463: The Kaleva and Liisankallio districts. The city of Tampere is divided into seven statistical areas , each of which includes the many districts and their suburbs. In total, there are 111 statistical areas in Tampere. However, the statistical areas created for Tampere's statistics do not fully correspond to the division of Tampere's districts or to the way residents perceive the districts. For example,
1280-514: The Naistenlahti power station accounted for about 65% of the total electricity production and the Lielahti power station for about 30%. The Naistenlahti and Lielahti units accounted for 57% and 23% of district heating production, respectively. The ten heating centres in Tampere accounted for 21%. In 2023, the share of renewal energy in the district heating production was around 80%.Aim
1344-904: The Second World War was the Brothers-in-Arms Axis ( aseveliakseli ), which consisted mainly of the National Coalition Party and the Social Democrats . While the Centre Party was the largest political force in the Finnish countryside, it had no practical relevance in Tampere. After the Second World War, Tampere was enlarged by the incorporation of some neighbouring areas. Messukylä was incorporated in 1947, Lielahti in 1950, Aitolahti in 1966 and Teisko in 1972. Already in 1937
SECTION 20
#17327763397261408-536: The Tavastian tribes . The population remained small for many centuries. By the 16th century, the villages of Messukylä and Takahuhti had become the largest settlements in the area. Other nearby villages were Laiskola, Pyynikkälä and Hatanpää. At that time there had been a market place in the Pispala area for centuries, where the bourgeoisie from Turku in particular traded. In 1638, Governor-General Per Brahe
1472-410: The subarctic climate zone ( Köppen climate classification Dfc ). Winters are cold and the average temperature from December to February is below −3 °C (27 °F) and it can reach to −30 °C (−22 °F) . Summers are cool to warm. The average snow cover lasts 4–5 months from late November to early April. Given the high latitude and inland location, winters are on average quite mild for
1536-437: The 1960s, the Tampere sub-region is presented as part of the then province of Tavastia. However between 1775 and 1870 Tammerkoski rapids was a border between regions Häme and Turku and Pori. The city were located at the eastern side of the rapids. The west bank was attached to the rest of the city in 1876. Around the 1950s, Tampere and its surroundings began to establish themselves as a separate province of Pirkanmaa. Tampere became
1600-518: The 3rd most populous municipality in Finland and the tenth in the Nordics . The Tampere region , with 422,917 people, is the second largest after the Helsinki metropolitan area . Tampere is home to 5% of Finland's population. 10% of the population has a foreign background, which is above the national average. However, it is lower than in the major Finnish cities of Helsinki , Espoo , Vantaa or Turku . The demographic structure of Tampere shows that
1664-998: The Amurinlinna building and the Pyynikki swimming pool. The rationalist buildings of the modernist period are represented by the University of Tampere , Tampere Central Hospital , Sampola, the School of Economics, Ratina Stadium and Kaleva Church . The modernist buildings include the Metso Main Library , the Hervanta Operations Centre, the Tampere Hall , the university extension and the Nokia office building in Hatanpää . The centre of Tampere and its western parts have been developed in
1728-681: The General Strike, the famous Red Declaration was proclaimed in Keskustori . After Finland gained its full independence, Tampere played an important role in the 1918 Civil War , being one of the most strategically important places for the Finnish Socialist Workers' Republic (FSWR) during the Finnish Civil War (28 January - 15 May 1918); the city was the most important industrial city in Finland at
1792-722: The Laikku House of Culture, the Hotel Tammer , the Tuulensuu House and the Viinikka Church built in Tampere. After Functionalism became the dominant style in the 1930s, Tampere Central Station , Tempo House, a bus station and Kauppi Hospital were built in Tampere. There is no single accepted term for the post-war style, but the main representatives of the reconstruction period are the Bank of Finland building,
1856-573: The Scottish industrialist James Finlayson . By 1850, the factory employed around 2000 people, while the city's population had grown to 4000. Other notable industrial establishments that followed Finlayson's success in the 1800s were the Tampella blast furnace , machine factory and flax mill , the Frenckell paper mill and the Tampere broadcloth factory. Tampere's population grew rapidly at
1920-530: The Tammerkoski distillery and the Otavala spinning school were established. Before the founding of the city of Tampere, the neighbouring parish of Pirkkala (from which the current region of Pirkanmaa takes its name) was the most administratively important parish in the area throughout the Middle Ages . This changed in the 18th century when Erik Edner, a Finnish pastor , proposed the establishment of
1984-696: The Younger ordered that two markets be held in Tammerkoski every year, the autumn market on St Peter's Day in August and the winter market on Matias's Day in February. In 1708 the market was moved from the outskirts of Tammerkoski to Harju and from there to Pispala in 1758. The first industries in the Pirkanmaa region in the 17th century were mainly watermills and sawmills , while in the 18th century other industries began to develop, as several small ironworks ,
Tampella (district) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2048-549: The area is strong in mechanical engineering and automation, information and communication technologies, and health and biotechnology, as well as pulp and paper industry education. Unemployment rate was 9.2% in September 2023. 70% of the areas jobs are in the service sector. Less than 20% are in the manufacturing sector. 34.5% of employed people live outside the Tampere municipality and commute to Tampere for work. Meanwhile, 15.6% of Tampere's residents work outside Tampere. In 2014
2112-579: The beginning of the 20th century, with a huge working population . Tampere was a Red stronghold during the war, commanded by Hugo Salmela. White forces led by General Mannerheim captured the city after the Battle of Tampere , taking about 10,000 Red prisoners on 6 April 1918. During the Winter War , Tampere was bombed several times by the Soviet Union . The reason for the bombing of Tampere
2176-480: The capital Helsinki (Highways 2 , 5 and 6 diverge from 1 , 4 and 7 , respectively), while highways 8 to 10 radiate from Turku on the south-western coast of Finland. Highways 11 and 12 originate in Tampere . The rest of the highways start from other major cities. Sections of highways between major cities have often been upgraded to motorways , for example between Helsinki and Tampere . Since Finland
2240-746: The category of enabling technologies, while also receiving recognition for the use of technological solutions for the benefit of residents and businesses. Although the name Tampere derives from the Tammerkoski rapids (both the city and the rapids are called Tammerfors in Swedish ), the origin of the Tammer- part of the name has been the subject of much debate. Ánte accepts the "straightforward" etymology of Rahkonen and Heikkilä in Proto-Samic *Tëmpël(kōškë) , *tëmpël meaning "deep, slow part of
2304-521: The centre of Pirkanmaa, and Tammermaa was also used several times in the early days of the province, for example in the Suomi-käsikirja published in 1968. Tampere is wedged between two lakes, Lake Näsijärvi and Lake Pyhäjärvi , with an 18 m (59 ft) difference in water level, and the rapids that connect them, Tammerkoski , have been an important source of power throughout history, most recently for generating electricity. Tampere
2368-605: The change left a huge amount of vacant industrial space in the city centre, in the early 2000s it was gradually put to other uses, and today's Tampere cityscape is mainly characterised by strong IT companies, most notably Nokia 's Tampere R&D units. Tampere is part of the Pirkanmaa region and is surrounded by the municipalities of Kangasala , Lempäälä , Nokia , Orivesi , Pirkkala , Ruovesi and Ylöjärvi . There are 180 lakes larger than 10,000 m (110,000 sq ft) in Tampere, and freshwater bodies cover 24% of
2432-451: The city is a very popular place to study, as the number of young adults is significantly higher than in other municipalities in the region. At the end of 2012, the old-age dependency ratio was 45. 19.2% of the population was over the age of 64 in 2024. Just over half of the population is female, as in the country as a whole. The population is fairly well educated, with two-thirds of those over 15 having completed post-primary education. At
2496-509: The city's total area. The lakes were formed as separate basins from Lake Ancylus about 7500–8000 years ago. The northernmost point of Tampere is in the Vankavesi Fjard of Teisko , the southernmost at the eastern end of Lake Hervanta , the easternmost at the northeast corner of Lake Paalijärvi of Teisko, and the westernmost at the southeast corner of Lake Haukijärvi near the borders of Ylöjärvi and Nokia. The city centre itself
2560-573: The city. At the turn of the 1990s, Tampere's industry underwent a major structural change, as the production of Tampella and Tampere's textile industry in particular was heavily focused on bilateral trade with the Soviet Union, but when the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 , the companies lost their main customers. As a result of the sudden change and the depression of the early 1990s , Finlayson and Suomen Trikoo had to scale down their operations drastically. Tampella went bankrupt . But although
2624-418: The current coat of arms, created in 1960, was designed by Olof Eriksson. Changing the coat of arms was a controversial act, and even after the change there were occasional calls for the old coat of arms to be restored. The new coat of arms was also described in letters to the editor as Soviet -style because of its colours. The blazon of the old coat of arms has either not survived or was never made, but
Tampella (district) - Misplaced Pages Continue
2688-432: The description of the current coat of arms is explained as follows: "In the red field, a corrugated counter-bar, above which is accompanied by a piled hammer , and below a caduceus ; all gold". The colours of the coat of arms are the same as in the coat of arms of Pirkanmaa. The hammer, which looks like the first letter of the city's name, T, symbolises Tampere's early industry , the caduceus its commercial activities, and
2752-405: The districts of Amuri , Kyttälä and Tammela are divided into two parts in accordance with the official district division, and Liisankallio and Kalevanrinne are often considered to belong to the district of Kaleva. Tampere has a humid continental climate Dfb with clearly defined four seasons. The climate of Tampere-Pirkkala Airport , which is located away from the city centre, borders on
2816-412: The end of 2018, there were a total of 140,039 dwellings in Tampere, of which 127,639 were permanently occupied and 12,400 were not permanently occupied. Of these, 74% were apartment buildings , 14% were detached houses , 10% were terraced houses , and 2% were other residential buildings. Between 2002 and 2020, more than 40,000 new dwellings will be completed in Tampere. Living space has been growing for
2880-428: The end of the 19th century, from around 7,000 in 1870 to 36,000 in 1900. At the beginning of the 20th century, Tampere was a city of workers and women, with a third of the population being factory workers and more than half women. At the same time, the area of the city increased almost sevenfold and impressive apartment blocks were built in the centre of Tampere between modest wooden houses. The stone houses gave Tampere
2944-651: The first of the Nordic countries to receive a second television channel, after Sweden's SVT2 began broadcasting four years later. Tampere became a university city when the Social University moved from Helsinki to Tampere in 1960, becoming the University of Tampere in 1966. In 1979, the Tampere-Pirkkala airport was opened 13 km (8.1 mi) from the centre of Tampere on the Pirkkala side of
3008-572: The highest amount among big cities. Government contributions were 58,3 millions. Due to the health and social services reform, the statements of municipal and corporation tax revenue or state contributions are not comparable with previous years. Tampere municipal tax rate in 2024 is 7,6%. In 2013, Tampereen Energiantuotanto, which is part of the Tampereen Energia (former Tampereen Sähkölaitos Group ), generated 1,254 GWh of electricity and 2,184 GWh of district heating . The two units of
3072-408: The inhabitants began to rely on other means of earning a living, mainly trade and crafts . In 1809, when Finland became a Grand Duchy of Finland , Tampere still had less than a thousand inhabitants. In the 19th century, Tampere grew into an important market town and industrial centre ; the industrialisation of Tampere was greatly influenced by the Finlayson textile factory, founded in 1820 by
3136-564: The isthmus between Lakes Pyhäjärvi and Näsijärvi. The location of the city on the edge of the Tammerkoski Rapids between two long waterways was one of the main reasons for its foundation in the 1770s. The streets of central Tampere form a typical grid pattern. On the western edge of the city centre is a north–south park road, Hämeenpuisto ("Häme Park" or "Tavastia Park"), which runs from the shore of Lake Pyhäjärvi near Lake Näsijärvi. The wide Hämeenkatu road runs east–west from Tampere Central Station to Hämeenpuisto and crosses Tammerkoski along
3200-439: The largest employers were Kesko , Pirkanmaan Osuuskauppa, Alma Media and Posti Group . Tampere is headquarters for Bronto Skylift , an aerial rescue and aerial work platform manufacturer. According to a study carried out by the TAK Research, the total impact of tourism in the Tampere region in 2022 was more than 562 million euros. Tourism also brought 4,805 person-years to the region. The biggest single attraction in Tampere
3264-453: The latitude, as is the average annual temperature. Temperature records of Tampere and the near-by Tampere–Pirkkala Airport : Temperature Records of Tampere Highest temperatures at the Tampere–Pirkkala Airport by month since 1980: Lowest temperatures in Pirkanmaa : Lowest temperatures at the Tampere–Pirkkala Airport by month since 1980: Tampere has buildings from many architectural periods. The Old Stone Church of Messukylä
SECTION 50
#17327763397263328-497: The most migratory municipalities, rising to the list of the 20 most attractive municipalities. Even during the COVID-19 pandemic, Tampere has become Finland's most attractive area for internal migration, as Tampere gained the most migration gains in 2020. Population by mother tongue (2023) Tampere is the largest monolingual municipality in Finland. The majority of the population - 227,007 people or 89.0% - speak Finnish as their first language. In Tampere, 1333 people, or 0.5% of
3392-542: The most part of modern western Tampere, including PIspala, was annexed to the city from North Pirkkala (today Nokia). Tampere passed the 100,000 population mark in 1950. Tampere was long known for its textile and metal industries, but these were largely replaced by information technology and telecommunications in the 1990s. The Hermia technology centre in Hervanta is home to many companies in these fields. Yleisradio began broadcasting its second television channel, Yle TV2 , from Ristimäki , Tampere, in 1965, making Finland
3456-477: The population, speak Swedish in 2022. This is the second largest number of Swedish speakers in monolingual Finnish-speaking municipalities after Kaarina . Kaarina and Tampere are also the only monolingual Finnish-speaking municipalities with a separate Swedish-speaking community. In 1900, Swedish speakers made up more than six per cent of Tampere's population, and less than two per cent in 1950. Highways in Finland Highways numbered from 1 to 7 radiate from
3520-476: The public on 22 June 1876. The world-famous Nokia Corporation , a multinational telecommunications company, also had its beginnings in the Tammerkoski area; the company's history dates back to 1865, when Finnish-Swedish mining engineer Fredrik Idestam (1838–1916) established a pulp mill on the banks of the rapids, and a second pulp mill was opened in 1868 near the neighbouring town of Nokia , where there were better hydroelectric resources. Tampere
3584-438: The shape of the rapids. Another suggestion links the name to the Swedish word Kvatemberdagar , or more colloquially Tamperdagar , which refers to the Ember Days of the Western Christian liturgical calendar . The Finnish word for oak , tammi , has also been suggested, although Tampere is outside the natural range of the European oak . The first coat of arms of Tampere was designed by Arvid von Cederwald in 1838, while
3648-414: The shores of Lake Näsijärvi in Tampella. The Vapriikki Museum Centre is also located in the district. 61°30′10″N 23°45′50″E / 61.50278°N 23.76389°E / 61.50278; 23.76389 This Western Finland location article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Tampere Tampere is a city in Finland and the regional capital of Pirkanmaa . It
3712-404: The shores of the lakes, which would create new residential areas for several thousand people. The projects are estimated to cost several billion euros. The Tampere region, Pirkanmaa , which includes outlying municipalities, has around 509,000 residents, 244,000 employed people, and a turnover of 28 billion euros as of 2014 . According to the Tampere International Business Office ,
3776-441: The third most populous urban area in the country after Helsinki and Tampere, is about the same. The Tampere–Pirkkala Airport is the eighth busiest airport in Finland, with more than 230,000 passengers using it in 2017. Tampere is also an important transit route for three Finnish highways : Highway 3 ( E12 ), Highway 9 ( E63 ) and Highway 12 . The Tampere light rail had two lines when it started operating in 2021. Tampere
3840-412: The wavy counter-bar the Tammerkoski rapids that divide Tampere's industrial and commercial areas. The city received its first seal in 1803, depicting the city's buildings of the time and Tammerkoski. The earliest known permanent settlements around Tammerkoski were established in the 7th century, when settlers from the west of the region began to farm land in Takahuhti , an area largely inhabited by
3904-401: Was EUR 55.3 million. The result was heavily affected by one-off payments . In the city's economy, the largest revenues come from taxes and government contributions. In 2023, the city received 477,8 million euros in municipal tax revenue . In addition, 98 million euros came from corporate taxes and 105,3 million euros from property taxes . Increasing in municipal tax revenue was 6,9 percent,
SECTION 60
#17327763397263968-428: Was that the city was an important railway junction and was also home to the State Aircraft Factory and the Tampella Factory, which produced ammunition and weapons, including grenade launchers . The most devastating bombing took place on 2 March 1940, when nine people were killed and 30 wounded. In addition, ten buildings were destroyed and 30 damaged that day. The dominant force in Tampere's municipal politics after
4032-445: Was the centre of many important political events in the early 20th century, such as the 1905 conference of the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), led by Vladimir Lenin , held in the Tampere Workers' Hall during their flight from Russia, where it was decided, among other things, to launch an armed insurrection that eventually led to the October 1917 revolution in the Russian Empire . Also, on 1 November 1905, during
4096-483: Was to get rid of using peat completely during that year. Hydropower , wood and nuclear power were also used as well as mixed waste, which of 50% is considered renewal. Emissions from energy production have decreased in the 21st century due to the growth of renewable forms of production and the modernisation of the Naistenlahti power plant. In 2013, about 669,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide and 297 tonnes of sulphur dioxide were emitted. 75% of Tampere's domestic water
#725274