96-475: Nalanda Open University ( NOU ) is a university at Patna in Bihar state, India. Nalanda Open University Degree/Diploma /Certificates are eligible for higher studies, public & private sector employment and service promotions. It is recognized by University Grants Commission (UGC). It is a member of Association of Indian Universities which is mainly concerned with the recognition of degrees/diplomas awarded by
192-1464: A Master of Arts (M.A) in Magahi , Bhojpuri , Rural Development , Economics , Geography , Hindi , History , Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Public Administration, Journalism & Mass Communication, Education and Urdu. The university offers a Master of Science in Geography, Botany, Zoology, Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics. It offers Master of Computer Application (MCA), Master of Library & Information Science (One Year Course), and Master in Commerce (M.Com). The university offers post-graduate diploma programmes in Marketing Management, Financial Management, Journalism and Mass Communication, Yogic Studies and Disaster Management. The university offers B.A. Honours in Economics, Hindi, History, Political Science, Psychology, Sociology, Social Work, Geography, Tourism, and Home Science. NOU offers Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Botany, Chemistry, Geography, Mathematics, Physics, Zoology, and Home Science. It offers Bachelor of Commerce, Bachelor of Library and Information Science (one-year course), and Bachelor of Computer Applications. The university offers
288-598: A business. The name of this city has changed with time. One of the oldest cities of India, there are several theories regarding the origin of the modern name Patna ( Bengali : পাটনা; Devanagari : पटना; Kaithi : 𑂣𑂗𑂢𑂰; Gurmukhi : ਪਟਨਾ; Urdu: پٹنہ). It is etymologically derived from Patan (Devanagari: पटन), the name of the Hindu goddess, Patan Devi. Patan Devi Mandir is still in old Patna near Gulzarbagh mandi along with another, Patan Devi Mandir, near Takht Sri Patna Sahib . Many believe Patna derived its name from Patli,
384-630: A factory there in 1580 at least. The products were shipped out down the river until other Portuguese ports as Chittagoon e Satgaoon, and from there to the rest of the empire. During the 17th century, Patna became a centre of international trade. In 1620, the English East India Company established a factory in Patna for trading in calico and silk . Soon it became a trading centre for saltpetre . Francois Bernier, in Travels in
480-781: A four-week certification programme in Home Usages of Computers. NOU is a state open university duly established by an act of legislature of Bihar and is recognised by the Distance Education Council, UGC. Nalanda Open University Degrees/Diplomas/Certificates are eligible for higher studies, public & private sector employment and service promotions. 25°37′02″N 85°08′28″E / 25.6173°N 85.1412°E / 25.6173; 85.1412 Patna Patna ( / ˈ p ʌ t n ə , ˈ p æ t -/ ; Hindi: [ˈpəʈnaː] , ISO : Paṭanā ), historically known as Pāṭaliputra ,
576-592: A good number of ballads. The introduction of Urdu meant a setback to local languages as its Persian script was alien to local people. The first success in spreading Hindi occurred in Bihar in 1881, when Hindi displaced Urdu as the official language of the province. After independence, Hindi was given the sole official status through the Bihar Official Language Act, 1950 ignoring the state's own languages. There are several dialects of Magahi. It
672-428: A growth in air traffic in recent years, as has an improvement in the situation with regard to law and order. For the period April to December 2009 the airport ranked first in a survey of 46 airports in the country in terms of percentage growth of domestic passengers as well as domestic aircraft movement. The Airport Authority of India (AAI) has proposed to develop a civil enclave at Bihta Air Force Station to serve as
768-581: A mayor, a deputy mayor, and other elected members of the PMC. The Mayor is usually chosen through indirect election by the councillors from among themselves. The functions of the PMC include water supply, drainage and sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, street lighting, and building regulation. The Municipal Commissioner is the chief Executive Officer and head of the executive arm of the Municipal Corporation. All executive powers are vested in
864-1040: A nine-month certificate programme in Computing, Library Science, Clinical Dental Technique, Dental and Oral Hygiene, ECG Technique, Laboratory Technique, Medical Laboratory Technique, Physiotherapy and Yoga Therapy, and Operation Theatre Assistant. It offers a six-month programme in the languages of Magahi , Bhojpuri , Maithili , Pali , Prakrit , Sanskrit , Urdu and the fields of Disaster Management, Indian Constitution and Panchayati Raj, Abolition of Child Labour, Bio-fertilizer Production, Buddhist Studies, Jain Studies, Child and Women Rights, Child Psychology and Guidance, Christian Studies, Environment Studies, Floriculture Technology, Health and Environment, Food and Nutrition, HIV and Family Education, Insurance Services, Hindu Studies, Islamic Studies, Sikh Studies, Legal awareness among Women, Medicinal and Aromatic Plant, Nutrition and Child Care and Soil Health Management. NOU also offers
960-739: A period of unremarkable provincial administration from Delhi . The most remarkable period during the Middle Ages was under the Afghan emperor Sher Shah Suri , who revived Patna in the middle of the 16th century. He built a fort and founded a town on the banks of the Ganges. Sher Shah's fort in Patna does not survive, although the Sher Shah Suri mosque, built in Afghan architectural style, does. Mughal emperor Akbar reached Patna in 1574 to crush
1056-489: A setback for the economy. Although the city had several fertiliser plants and sugar mills, due to a weakened ecosystem, many companies incurred losses and were eventually forced to close or leave the state. The economy of Patna has seen sustained growth since 2005, in particular from the fast-moving consumer goods industry, the service sector , and Green Revolution businesses. In 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna as
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#17328012552051152-470: A tree variety that was found in abundance in the historic city. It is also seen on the state tourism 's logo. The place is mentioned in Chinese traveller Fa Hien 's records as Pa-lin-fou. The city has been known by various names through more than 2,000 years of existence – Pataligrama, Pataliputra , Kusumapura, Kusumdhwaja Pushpapuram, Padmavathi, Azimabad and the present-day Patna. Legend ascribes
1248-428: Is 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi). Patna master 2031 is the second master plan of the city that has been passed ever, after the last plan was approved for 1961-1981. Patna master plan covers six urban local bodies - Patna Municipal Corporation, Danapur Nagar Parishad, Phulwarisharif Nagar Parishad, Khagaul Nagar Parishad, Maner Nagar Panchayat and Fatuha Nagar Parishad. The new master plan proposed to increase
1344-482: Is 83.37%, with the male literacy rate being 87.35% and the female literacy rate being 79.89%. The sex ratio of Patna is 885 females per 1,000 males. The child sex ratio of girls is 877 per 1000 boys. The urban agglomeration had a population of 2,049,156 of which 1,087,285 are males and 961,871 are females with 82.73% literacy. Patna is the second largest city (in terms of population) in eastern India . Roughly 0.25% of Patna's population lives in slums which makes Patna,
1440-860: Is a Indo-Aryan language spoken in Bihar , Jharkhand and West Bengal states of eastern India , and in the Terai of Nepal . Magadhi Prakrit was the ancestor of Magahi, from which the latter's name derives. It has a very rich and old tradition of folk songs and stories. It is spoken in approx eleven districts of Bihar ( Gaya , Bhagalpur , Patna , Jehanabad , Aurangabad , Nalanda , Sheikhpura , Nawada , Lakhisarai , Arwal , Jamui ), eight districts of Jharkhand ( Hazaribag , Palamu , Chatra , Koderma , Jamtara , Bokaro , Dhanbad , Giridih ) and in West Bengal 's Malda district . There are around 20,700,000 speakers of Magahi, including 12 million Magahi speakers and 8 million Khortha speakers, which
1536-403: Is a sacred city for Sikhs as the tenth Sikh Guru , Guru Gobind Singh was born here. The modern city of Patna is mainly on the southern bank of the river Ganges . The city also straddles the rivers Son , Gandak and Punpun . The city is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) in length and 16 to 18 kilometres (9.9 to 11.2 mi) wide. One of the oldest continuously inhabited places in
1632-523: Is about 100 km south of national East – West Highway corridor . The NH 30 , NH 31 and NH 2 passes through the city. The Ashok Rajpath , Patna- Danapur Road, Bailey Road , Harding Road and Kankarbagh old bypass Road are the major corridors. Patna was one of the first places in India to use horse-drawn trams for public transport . Public transportation is provided for by buses , auto rickshaws and local trains . Auto rickshaws are said to be
1728-556: Is adjacent to the ancient ruins of Nalanda . The campus is expected to be around 40 acres in area, with building having 1.10-lakh square feet built up space, and it is as per the requirement of UGC. In 2020, it became the first university in the state of Bihar to adopt the University Management Information System (UMIS) and with this, all processes related to admissions, examinations and publication of results has been made online. The university
1824-456: Is also emerging as an information technology hub, including Tata Consultancy Services , which started operations in 2019 at a new Patna facility. There is also a growing number of home grown IT companies offering Software Development and AI/ ML solutions like Technix Technology and others. With an estimated population of 1.68 million in 2011, Patna is the 19th most populous city in India and with over 2 million people, its urban agglomeration
1920-408: Is an under-construction rapid transit system for the city. It would be owned and operated by state run Patna Metro Rail Corporation. It will be constructed on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode, estimated to cost ₹ 140 billion (US$ 2 billion). It will have 5 lines with a total planned length of 60 kilometres (37 mi) km, which will be built in 3 phases. Patna Monorail Project covering
2016-533: Is considered a dialect of Magahi. Magahi derived from the ancient Magadhi Prakrit , which was created in the ancient kingdom of Magadha , the core of which was the area south of the Ganges and east of Son River . Though the number of speakers in Magahi is about 12.7 million, it has not been constitutionally recognised in India. In Bihar, Hindi is the language used for educational and official matters. Magahi
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#17328012552052112-881: Is directly connected to most of the major cities in India. The city has four additional major railway stations: Rajendra Nagar Terminal (adjacent to Kankarbagh ), Patliputra Junction (near Bailey road ), Danapur (near western outskirts) and Patna Sahib (in Patna City area). Danapur is the divisional headquarters of East Central Railway zone 's Danapur railway division . Patna is well connected with neighbouring Gaya , Jehanabad , Bihar Sharif , Rajgir , Islampur through daily passenger and express train services. And also connected with Jamalpur Junction and Munger . India's longest road-cum-rail bridge, Digha–Sonpur bridge has been constructed across river Ganges , connecting Digha, Patna to Pahleja Ghat in Sonpur . The bridge
2208-540: Is in Patna and connects the city to Hajipur across the Ganga. In recent times, the bridge has been witnessing major traffic chaos and accidents due to exceeding number of vehicles passing over it and regularly overloading the structure. A new six lane road bridge across the Ganges parallel to Mahatma Gandhi Setu is proposed which would connect Kacchi Dargah in Patna City to Bidupur in Vaishali district , which will be
2304-415: Is named after the famous Buddhist Nalanda University of Nalanda , the ancient seat of learning. Degree courses at the undergraduate level and degree as well as diploma courses at the post-graduate level are offered. Certificate courses for 6 or 9 months are provided. Nalanda Open University is the only university where courses on Bihari languages ( Magahi , Bhojpuri , Maithili ) are offered. NOU offers
2400-458: Is not certain when exactly it took place. It was probably such an unidentified period during which modern Indian languages begin to take modern shape. By the end of the 12th century, the development of Apabhramsa reached its climax. Gujarati , Marathi, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Assamese, Oriya, Maithili and other modern languages took definite shape in their literary writings in the beginning of the 14th century. The distinct shape of Magadhi can be seen in
2496-525: Is one of the 6 Tehsils of the Patna district . It is headed by an IAS or state Civil service officer of the rank of Sub Divisional Magistrate (SDM). The SDM of Patna Tehsil reports to the District Magistrate (DM) of Patna District. The Patna Tehsil is divided into 3 Blocks , each headed by a Block Development Officer (BDO). The list of Blocks is as follows: The civic administration of Patna
2592-630: Is provided by the Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation and the Bihar State Road Transport Corporation . Auto rickshaws are a popular mode of transportation. Prepaid auto services operated by an all-women crew was started in 2013 in Patna, which is the first of its kind in India. Radio Taxi services are also available within city limit as well as outskirts. There are private options such as Ola Cabs. Patna Metro
2688-665: Is run by several government agencies and has overlapping structural divisions. At least five administrative definitions of the city are available; listed in ascending order of area, those are: Patna division , Patna district (also the Patna Police area), the Patna Metropolitan Region (also known as Patna Planning area), "Greater Patna" or PRDA area, which adds to the PMC area a few areas just adjacent to it and Patna Municipal Corporation area. The Patna Municipal Corporation, or PMC, oversees and manages
2784-551: Is spoken by non-tribal populace in North Chotanagpur division of Jharkhand which comprises districts of Bokaro , Chatra , Dhanbad , Giridih , Hazaribagh , Koderma and Ramgarh . People of Southern Bihar and Northern Jharkhand are mostly speakers of Magahi. Magahi is also spoken in Malda district of West Bengal . According to 2011 Census, there were approximately 12.7 million Magahi speakers. Apart from India it
2880-550: Is spoken in the area which formed the core of the ancient kingdom of Magadha - the modern districts of Patna , Nalanda , Gaya , Jehanabad , Arwal , Aurangabad , Lakhisarai , Sheikhpura and Nawada . Magahi is bounded on the north by the various forms of Maithili spoken in Mithila across the Ganga. On the west it is bounded by the Bhojpuri , On the northeast it is bounded by Angika . A blend of Magahi known as Khortha
2976-656: Is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India . According to the United Nations , as of 2018, Patna had a population of 2.35 million, making it the 19th largest city in India. Covering 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi) and over 2.5 million people, its urban agglomeration is the 15th largest in India. Patna also serves as the seat of Patna High Court . The Buddhist , Hindu and Jain pilgrimage centres of Vaishali , Rajgir , Nalanda , Bodh Gaya and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna City
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3072-468: Is the 18th largest in India. Residents of Patna are referred to by the demonym Patnaite. According to 2011 census data, Patna city had a population of 1,684,222 (before the expansion of the city limits) within the corporation limits, with 893,399 men and 790,823 women. This was an increase of 22.3 per cent compared to the 2001 figures. 11.32 per cent of the population was under six years of age, with 102,208 boys and 88,288 girls. The overall literacy rate
3168-528: Is the 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India according to a study by the City Mayors Foundation . Patna registered an average annual growth of 3.72% during 2006–2010. As of 2011-12, the GDP per capita of Patna is ₹1,08,657, and its GDP growth rate is 7.29 per cent. In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in India (after Delhi ) for ease of starting
3264-445: Is the largest riverine city in the world. The topography of Patna city is saucer shaped as per Patna City Development Plan prepared in 2006. The bridge over the river Ganges named Mahatma Gandhi Setu is 5575m long. It is the longest river bridge in the India . Patna comes under India's seismic zone-IV , indicating its vulnerability to major earthquakes , but earthquakes have not been common in recent history. Patna also falls in
3360-437: Is the official language of the state of Bihar and Urdu is the additional official language, but many other languages are spoken too. The native language is Magadhi or Magahi , named after Magadha, the ancient name of South Bihar and is most widely spoken. Hindi is spoken by 65.94% of the population, 18.04% Magahi, 9.67% Urdu, 3.19% Bhojpuri and 1.79% Maithili as their first language. The Patna sub-division ( Tehsil )
3456-706: The Bengal Presidency was partitioned, Patna became the capital of the British province of Bihar and Orissa . However, in 1936 Orissa became a separate entity with its capital. To date, a major population of Bengalis lives in Patna particularly. People from Patna were greatly involved in the Indian independence movement . Most notable movements were the Champaran movement against the Indigo plantation and
3552-540: The Dohakosha written by Sarahapa and Kauhapa. Magadhi had a setback due to the transition period of the Magadha administration. Traditionally, strolling bards recite long epic poems in this dialect, and it was because of this that the word "Magadhi" came to mean "a bard". Devanagari is the most widely used script in present times, while Bengali and Odia scripts are also used in some regions and Magahi's old script
3648-573: The Lok Sabha , and 14 representatives to the state legislative assembly. The capital city of Patna has 8 State Legislative Assembly constituencies, which form two constituencies of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). Groundwater fulfills the basic needs of the people, administered by Patna Jal Parishad under Patna Municipal Corporation. The public water supply system comprises 98 tube wells that pump water directly to
3744-700: The Patna Electric Supply Undertaking (PESU) Circle, which is further divided into two wings namely Patna East (consists Kankarbagh , Patna City , Gulzarbagh , Bankipore , Rajendra Nagar Divisions) and Patna West (Consists Danapur , New Capital, Pataliputra , Gardanibagh, Dak Bungalow divisions). Direct–to–home (DTH) is available via DD Free Dish , Airtel digital TV , Dish TV , Tata Sky , Videocon d2h , Sun Direct and Reliance Digital TV . Cable companies include Darsh Digital Network Pvt. Ltd., SITI Maurya Cablenet Pvt. Ltd etc. The Conditional Access System for cable television
3840-750: The Patna Metropolitan Region . Patna Metropolitan Area Authority was established in 2016. It is the superseding agency for the former Patna Regional Development Authority (PRDA), which was dissolved in 2006. In addition to the city government, numerous commissions and state authorities—including the Ministry of Tourism, the Bihar Health Department, the Bihar Water Resources Department, National Ganga River Basin Authority, Bihar State Pollution Control Board and
3936-821: The Patna Secretariat ; and the Patna High Court . The Patna High Court is one of the oldest High Court in India. The Patna High Court has jurisdiction over the state of Bihar. Patna also has lower courts; the Small Causes Court for civil matters, and the Sessions Court for criminal cases. The Patna Police , commanded by Senior Superintendent of Police , is overseen by the Bihar Government's Home Department. The Patna district elects two representatives to India's lower house,
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4032-478: The 17th century, Patna has been a centre of international trade and an agricultural and textile hub, including a major silk and calico market. After gaining independence in 1947, the economy remained relatively stable, including growth in produce and manufacturing of vegetable oil. From the 1980s onwards, the economy experienced fluctuations. When liberalisation came to India in the 1990s, Patna did not attract significant global funds or foreign investment which proved
4128-469: The 1942 Quit India Movement . National leaders who came from the city include Swami Sahajanand Saraswati ; the first President of the Constituent Assembly of India , Dr. Rajendra Prasad ; Bihar Vibhuti ( Anugrah Narayan Sinha ); Basawon Singh (Sinha) ; and Loknayak ( Jayaprakash Narayan ). Patna remained the capital of Bihar after India gained independence in 1947, even as Bihar
4224-640: The 19th century, it was a major trading and commercial hub in India. After independence there were a few downturns but its economy was still stable. After the separation of Jharkhand from Bihar, it lost its glory. As per the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Bihar), Nominal GDP of Patna District was estimated at INR 63,176.55 crores in 2011-12. As of 2011-12, Patna already recorded per capita gross domestic product of ₹ 1,08,657, way ahead of many other Indian cities and state capitals. Using figures for assumed average annual growth, Patna
4320-478: The Bihar Public Service Commission—play a role in the life of Patnaites. As the capital of Bihar, Patna plays a major role not only in state politics but in central politics as well. In October 2016, the Bihar cabinet approved the Patna master plan 2031 which envisages the development of a new airport at Bihta . As of August 2015, the area of Patna city (along with its urban agglomeration)
4416-547: The Buddhist accounts may have presented the grandeur of Patna as a prophecy and that its wooden fortifications, unlike other early historic Indian cities, indicate that it might be much older than thought but only archaeological excavation and C14 dates of its wooden palisades which is presently lacking may establish this. Megasthenes , the Indo-Greek historian and ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya, gave one of
4512-704: The Commissioner are those provided by statute and those delegated by the Corporation or the Standing Committee. As of June 2017, the BJP won PMC Mayor seat; the mayor is Sita Sahu, while the deputy mayor is Vinay Kumar Pappu. The Patna Municipal Corporation was ranked 4th out of 21 Cities for best governance & administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.6 on 10 compared to the national average of 3.3. The revenue district of Patna comes under
4608-595: The Kanvas and eventually by the Guptas. Some Chinese travellers came to India in pursuit of knowledge and recorded their observations about Pataliputra in their travelogues. One such famous account was recorded by a Chinese Buddhist traveller Fa Hien, who visited India between 399 and 414 CE, and stayed here for many months translating Buddhist texts. When the Chinese Buddhist Monk Faxian visited
4704-629: The Mogul Empire (1656–1668), says, ". It was carried down the Ganges with great facility, and the Dutch and English sent large cargoes to many parts of the Indies, and Europe". This trade encouraged other Europeans, principally the French, Danes, Dutch, and Portuguese, to compete in the lucrative business. Peter Mundy , writing in 1632, described Patna as "the greatest mart of the eastern region". After
4800-477: The Municipal Commissioner who is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the state government . Although the Municipal Corporation is the legislative body that lays down policies for the governance of the city, it is the Commissioner who is responsible for the execution of the policies. The Commissioner is appointed for a fixed term as defined by state statute. The powers of
4896-677: The Patna Smart City Limited has been formed to implement the smart city projects. On 22 November 2017, Eptisa Servicios de Ingenieria SL of Spain was chosen as the project management consultant. As the seat of the Government of Bihar , The city has several federal facilities, including the Raj Bhavan : Governor's house, the Bihar Legislative Assembly ; the state secretariat, which is housed in
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#17328012552054992-670: The Universities in India, which are recognized by the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, and abroad for the purpose of admission to higher degree courses in Indian Universities. It is an open university which means that it follows an open-door academic policy and is open to everyone for admission with minimum requirements. It is the second largest open university in India after Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). Initially
5088-399: The area of Patna city to 1,167 square kilometres (451 sq mi) to transform it as a metropolitan city. 5 satellite towns have also been proposed in the master plan at Bihta , Naubatpur , Punpun , Fatuha and Khusrupur . Patna has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Government of India 's flagship Smart Cities Mission . With
5184-455: The city are Bander Bagicha, Exhibition Road , Gandhi Maidan Marg , Frazer Road , Indrapuri and Maurya Lok . Many manufacturing companies, including Hero Cycles , Britannia Industries , PepsiCo , Sonalika Tractors and UltraTech Cement , have established their manufacturing plants in the Patna metropolitan area. One of the world's largest leather clusters is in Fatuha, in Patna. Patna
5280-430: The city in 400 A.D, he found the people to be rich and prosperous; they practised virtue and justice. He found that the nobles and householders of the city had constructed several hospitals in which the poor of all countries, the needy, the crippled, and the diseased, could get treatment. They could receive every kind of help gratuitously. Physicians would inspect the diseases and order them food, drink, and medicines. In
5376-536: The city with the lowest percentage of people living in slums in India. Like other fast-growing cities in the developing world, Patna suffers from major urbanisation problems including unemployment, poor public health, and poor civic and educational standards for a large section of the population. In 2015, the National Sample Survey Organisation revealed that, for females, Patna had the highest unemployment rate 34.6%, and for males, it
5472-423: The civic infrastructure of the city's 75 wards, which accommodates a population of 1.7 million as per 2011 Census. The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, each ward elects a Councillor to the PMC. The PMC is in charge of the civic and infrastructure needs of the metropolis. As Patna's apex body, the corporation discharges its functions through the mayor-in-council, which comprises
5568-563: The decisive Battle of Buxar of 1764, as per the treaty of Allahabad East India Company was given the right to collect a tax of this former Mughal province by the Mughal emperor. Patna was annexed by the company in 1793 to its territory when Nizamat (Mughal suzerainty) was abolished, and the British East India Company took control of the province of Bengal-Bihar. Patna, however, continued as a trading centre. In 1912, when
5664-609: The distribution mains. Around 23 overhead reservoirs of which only the ones at Agam Kuan , Gulzarbagh Press, Guru Gobind Singh Hospital and High Court serve the city. The sewerage system in Patna was set up in 1936. At present, there are four sewage treatment plants at Saidpur, Beur, Pahari and Karmali Chak. In 2019, the central government has started the process Nirmal Ganga , which is to build new sewerage infrastructure at Patna's Karmalichak as well as in Barh, Naugachia and Sultanganj. The new infrastructure will be capable of preventing
5760-514: The earliest accounts of the city. He wrote that the city was on the confluence of the rivers Ganga and Arennovoas (Sonabhadra – Hiranyawah) and was 14 kilometres (9 mi) long and 2.82 kilometres (1.75 mi) wide. Megasthenes , the Greek ambassador to India, described the city as the greatest city on earth during its heyday. The Shungas ultimately retained control of Pataliputra and ruled for almost 100 years. The Shungas were followed by
5856-404: The fields along the banks of river Ganges, weeds such as ammannia, citriculari, hygrophile and sesbania grow. But palmyra, date palm, and mango orchards are found near habitations. Dry stretches of shrubbery are sometimes seen in the villages far from the rivers. Trees commonly found are bel, siris, jack fruit, and the red cotton tree. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity. It
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#17328012552055952-567: The flow of 67 million litre of sewage into Ganga . As of 2011, the city's electricity consumption is about 601 kWh per capita, even though the actual demand is much higher. Electricity supply to the city is regulated and distributed by the South Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited managed by Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited (the holding company and a successor company of erstwhile Bihar State Electricity Board). The city forms
6048-436: The grade of a Smart City, Patna will have highly up-to-date and radical provisions like uninterrupted electric supply, first-rate traffic and transport system, superior health care and many other prime utilities. Under this scheme, the city will use digital technology that will act as the integral mechanism of the aforesaid facilities and thereby further elevate the lifestyle of the citizens. A special purpose vehicle company named
6144-439: The hands of the Nawabs of Bengal , who levied a heavy tax on the populace but allowed it to flourish as a commercial centre. The mansions of the Maharaja of Tekari Raj dominated the Patna riverfront in 1811–12. In 1750, the future Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah revolted against his grandfather, Alivardi Khan , and seized Patna, but quickly surrendered and was forgiven. Guru Gobind Singh (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708),
6240-449: The headquarter of the university was functioning from its camp office which is located at Biscomaun Bhawan , 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 12th Floors, Patna-800001. On 29 August 2023 Chief Minister Nitish Kumar inaugurated the newly constructed building of Nalanda Open University built at a cost of Rs 121 crore in Baragaon located in Silav area under Nalanda district . This campus of Nalanda Open University has been built in an area of 10 acres. It
6336-429: The jurisdiction of a District Collector (District Magistrate). The Collectors are in charge of the general administration, property records and revenue collection for the Central Government, and oversee the national elections held in the city. The Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (BUIDCO) and the Patna Metropolitan Area Authority, are responsible for the statutory planning and development of
6432-452: The king of Magadha, wanted to shift his capital from the hilly Rajagrha (today Rajgir) to a strategically chosen place to better combat the Licchavis of Vaishali . He chose the site on the bank of the Ganges and fortified the area. Gautama Buddha travelled through this place in the last year of his life. He prophesied a great future for this place even as he predicted its ruin due to flood, fire, and feud. According to Dieter Schlingloff,
6528-407: The leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city. Patna was the second Indian city, after Bangalore , which offered free WiFi connectivity to its citizens in February 2014. By surpassing the previous record-holder, Beijing in China , Patna's WiFi zone is the world's longest free WiFi zone, which covers a 20-km stretch from NIT Patna on Ashok Rajpath to Danapur . Patna
6624-409: The lifeline of the city. BSRTC has started City bus service on all major routes of Patna. App based cab service is available within city. Patna is about 70.02KM away from Chhapra Patna Airport known as Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan International Airport is classified as a restricted international airport. The arrival of several low-cost carriers and a number of new destinations have caused
6720-491: The longest bridge in India after completion. Patna is well connected with roads to various major cities of Bihar like Hajipur , Munger , Jamalpur , Bhagalpur , Gaya Motihari , and Purnia . Patna is 1,015 kilometres (631 miles) East from Delhi , 1,802 kilometres (1,120 miles) North East from Mumbai ,1,527 kilometres (949 miles) North from Hyderabad and 556 kilometres (345 miles) North West from Kolkata . Luxury bus service between Patna and several neighbouring cities
6816-404: The modern language. The development of the Magahi language into its current form is unknown. However, linguists have concluded that Magahi along with Assamese , Bengali , Bhojpuri , Maithili and Oriya originated from the Magadhi Prakrit during the 8th to 11th centuries. These different but sister dialects differentiated themselves and took their own course of growth and development. But it
6912-416: The most famous for trade". This was before the founding of the city of Calcutta. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb acceded to the request of his favourite grandson, Prince Muhammad Azim , to rename Patna as Azimabad , in 1704 while Azim was in Patna as the subedar . Patna or Azimabad did see some violent activities, according to Phillip Mason, writing in the book "The Men Who Ruled India". "Aurangzeb had restored
7008-402: The municipal area is also underway. Recently the central government approved Patna metro rail project comprising two corridors (Danapur - Khemnichak and Patna Junction - Pataliputra Bus Terminal ). According to government, the project will be completed until 2025 with an estimated cost of Rs. 133657.7 million. Magahi Magahi ( 𑂧𑂏𑂯𑂲 ), also known as Magadhi ( 𑂧𑂏𑂡𑂲 ),
7104-490: The new airport for Patna. The military airfield lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Patna, in Bihta . Patna is served by several railway stations within. The Patna Junction railway station is the main railway station of the city, and one of the busiest railway stations in India. Patna lies in between New Delhi and Kolkata on Howrah–Delhi main line , which is one of the busiest rail routes in India. Patna Junction
7200-578: The origin of Patna to the mythological King Putraka who created Patna by magic for his queen Patali, literally "trumpet flower", which gives it its ancient name Pataligrama. It is said that in honour of the queen's firstborn, the city was named Pataliputra. Gram is Sanskrit for village and Putra means son. Legend also says that the Emerald Buddha was created in Patna (then Pataliputra) by Nagasena in 43 BCE. Traditional Buddhist literature attributes foundation of Patna 490 BCE as Ajatashatru ,
7296-403: The poll tax (Jazia) on unbelievers, which had to be compounded for. In Patna, Peacock, the factory's chief, was not sufficiently obedient. He was seized, forced to walk through the town bare-headed and bare-footed, and subjected to many other indignities before he paid up and was released." Little changed during this period other than the name. With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna moved into
7392-675: The rebellious Afghan Chief Daud Khan . One of the navratnas from Akbar's court, his official historian and author of " Ain-i-Akbari " Abul Fazl refers to Patna as a flourishing centre for paper, stone and glass industries. He also refers to the high quality of numerous strains of rice grown in Patna, famous as Patna rice in Europe. By 1620, the city of Patna was being described as the "chiefest mart towne of all Bengala" (i.e. largest town in Bengal) in northern India, "the largest town in Bengal and
7488-465: The risk zone for floods and cyclones. Patna has a humid subtropical climate under the Köppen climate classification : (Cwa) with sweltering summers from late March to June, the monsoon season from late June to late September and chilly winter nights and foggy or sunny days from November to February. Highest temperature ever recorded was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) in the year 1966, the lowest ever
7584-483: The safe limit, which is 25 micro-grams. Severe air pollution in the city has caused a rise in pollution-related respiratory ailments, such as lung cancer , asthma , dysentery and diarrhoea . The dense smog in Patna during winter season results in major air and rail traffic disruptions every year. Patna has been ranked 10th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' Since
7680-521: The second best city in India to start a business. In 2010, Patna was ranked 21st fastest-growing city in the world and fifth fastest-growing city in India, and was forecast to grow at an average annual rate of 3.72% through 2020. Its largest exports are grain , sugarcane , sesame , and Patna rice , a local medium-grained variety. There are several sugar mills in and around Patna. Patna has been described as an important business and luxury brand centre of eastern India. The major business districts of
7776-481: The southern bank of the river Ganges . The total area of Patna is 250 km (97 sq mi). The municipal area constitutes 109.218 km (42.169 sq mi). The suburban area covers 140.782 km (54.356 sq mi). It has an average elevation of 53 m (174 ft). A characteristic feature of the geography of Patna is its confluence of major rivers. During the British Raj , Patna
7872-575: The tenth Guru of the Sikhs, was born as Gobind Rai in Patna to Guru Teg Bahadur , the ninth Guru of the Sikhs, and his wife Mata Gujri . His birthplace, Patna Sahib , is one of the most sacred sites of pilgrimage for Sikhs. As trade grew, settlements of the Portuguese empire expanded to the Bengal Gulf. Since at least 1515, the Portuguese were in Bengal as traders, and later in 1521, an embassy
7968-614: The world , Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha . Ancient Patna , known as Pataliputra , was the capital of the Magadha Empire throughout the Haryanka , Nanda , Mauryan , Shunga , Gupta , and Pala dynasties. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. It was home to many astronomers and scholars including Aryabhata , Vātsyāyana and Chanakya . During the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) its population
8064-606: The years that followed, many dynasties ruled the Indian subcontinent from the city, including the Gupta dynasty and the Pala kings. With the disintegration of the Gupta empire, Patna passed through uncertain times. Bakhtiar Khilji captured Bihar in the 12th century and destroyed everything, and Patna lost its prestige as the political and cultural centre of India. The Mughal Empire was
8160-502: Was 1.1 °C (34 °F) on 9 January 2013, and highest rainfall was 204.5 mm (8.05 in) in the year 1997. The table below details historical monthly averages for climate variables. Pollution is a major concern in Patna. According to the CAG report, tabled in the Bihar Legislative Assembly in April 2015, respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) level ( PM-10 ) in Patna
8256-479: Was 355, three-and-a-half times higher than the prescribed limit of 100 micro-gram per cubic metre, primarily due to high vehicular and industrial emissions and construction activities in the city. In May 2014, a World Health Organization survey declared Patna the second most air polluted city in India, only after Delhi , with the survey calculating the airborne particulate matter in the state capital's ambient air ( PM-2.5 ) to be 149 micro-grams, six times more than
8352-484: Was Kaithi script. The pronunciation in Magahi is not as broad as in Maithili and there are a number of verbal forms for each person. Historically, Magahi had no famous written literature. There are many popular songs throughout the area in which the language is spoken, and strolling bards recite various long epic poems which are known more or less over the whole of Northern India. In Magahi speaking area, folk singers sing
8448-482: Was about 400,000. Patna served as the seat of power, and political and cultural centre of the Indian subcontinent during the Maurya and Gupta empires. With the fall of the Gupta Empire, Patna lost its glory. The British revived it again in the 17th century as a centre of international trade. Following the partition of Bengal presidency in 1912, Patna became the capital of Bihar and Orissa Province . Until
8544-540: Was completed in 2015, It is 4.55 kilometres (2.83 miles) long and therefore the second longest rail-cum-road bridge in India , after Bogibeel Bridge in Assam. The city is served by several major road highways and state highways, including National Highways 19 , 30 , 31 , and 83 . Pataliputra Bus Terminal is an upcoming ISBT . Asia's longest river bridge, the Mahatma Gandhi Setu (built 1982),
8640-543: Was established in March 1987 by an ordinance issued by the Government of Bihar . It is the only university in the state of Bihar meant for imparting education exclusively through distance education. In 1995, the Nalanda Open University Act was passed by the legislature of Bihar replacing the earlier ordinance, and this university thereafter came under the authority and jurisdiction of the passed act. It
8736-874: Was implemented in March 2013. Patna comes under the Patna Telecom District of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. Both Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile services are available. Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides broadband internet service. Among private enterprises, Bharti Airtel , Reliance Jio , Reliance GSM/CDMA , Idea Cellular , Aircel , Tata Teleservices ( Tata DoCoMo , Virgin Mobile and Tata Indicom), Telenor (Formerly Uninor & Now Acquired by Bharti Airtel), Vodafone and Videocon Telecom are
8832-406: Was legally absorbed under Hindi in the 1961 Census. The ancestor of Magahi, Magadhi Prakrit , formed in the Indian subcontinent. These regions were part of the ancient kingdom of Magadha , the core of which was the area of Bihar south of the river Ganga . The name Magahi is directly derived from the word Magadhi, and many educated speakers of Magahi prefer the name "Magadhi" over Magahi for
8928-441: Was part of the Bengal Presidency . After Nalanda district was carved out of Patna district in 1976, Patna was purged of all hilly regions. It is an alluvial, flat expanse of land. The land in the district is too fertile and is almost entirely cultivated with no forest cover. Alluvial soil is ideal for cultivating rice, sugarcane, and other food grains. The area under cultivation is studded with mango orchards and bamboo groves. In
9024-399: Was partitioned again in 2000 when Jharkhand became a separate state of the Indian union. On 27 October 2013, six people were killed and 85 others were injured in a series of co-ordinated bombings at an election rally for BJP candidate Narendra Modi . On 3 October 2014, 33 people were killed and 26 injured in a stampede at Gandhi Maidan during Vijaya Dashmi celebrations. Patna is on
9120-530: Was sent to Gaur to create factories in the region. The Bengal Sultan after 1534 allowed the Portuguese to develop several settlements as Chitagoong e Satgaon. In 1535 the Portuguese were allied with the Bengal sultan and held the Teliagarhi pass 280 km from Patna helping to avoid the invasion by the Mughals. By then, several of the products came from Patna, and the Portuguese sent in traders, establishing
9216-519: Was the second highest with a rate of 8% in 2011–12. According to the 2011 census of India, Patna's major religion is Hinduism with 86.39% followers. Islam is the second most popular religion in Patna with approximately 12.27% following it. Christianity , Jainism , Sikhism , and Buddhism, with smaller followings, are also practised in Patna. During the last census report, around 0.01% stated other religions and approximately 0.49% stated no particular religion. Languages of Patna city (2011) Hindi
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