Misplaced Pages

#652347

57-625: The conceptualization of Narita was highly controversial and remains so to the present day, especially among local residents in the area. This has led to the Sanrizuka Struggle , stemming from the government's decision to construct the airport without consulting most residents in the area, as well as expropriating their lands in the process. Even after the airport was eventually completed, air traffic movements have been controlled under various noise related operating restrictions due to its direct proximity with residential neighborhoods, including

114-423: A 3,500-meter (11,483 ft) runway on the east side of the airport, built over two underground road tunnels, with completion by fiscal year 2028. In September 2022, NAA announced a conceptual plan to consolidate the three existing terminals into a single facility called "One Terminal." Plans had previously called for a fourth terminal building to be added in conjunction with the construction of Runway C, but due to

171-951: A Chiba Prefecture official  [ ja ] in 1988. The conflicts at Narita were a major factor in the decision to build Kansai International Airport in Osaka offshore on reclaimed land, instead of again trying to expropriate land in heavily-populated areas. Japan's international flag carrier, Japan Airlines , moved its main international hub from Haneda to Narita, and Northwest and Pan American also moved their Asian regional hubs from Haneda to Narita. Those two U.S. carriers operate fifth-freedom routes to other Asian countries under bilateral agreement. Pan American transferred its Pacific Division, including its Narita hub, to United Airlines in February 1986. Japanese domestic carrier All Nippon Airways began scheduled international flights from Narita to Guam in 1986. From 1978 to 2015, Narita Airport

228-520: A bus ride (at an additional charge and subject to random security screenings). Transport Minister Shintaro Ishihara , who later served as governor of Tokyo, pressed airport train operators JR East and Keisei Electric Railway to connect their lines directly to the airport's terminals, and opened up the underground station that would have accommodated the Shinkansen for regular train service. Direct train service to Terminal 1 began on March 19, 1991, and

285-706: A combination of cameras, explosive detectors, dogs and other measures in lieu of passport and baggage checks upon entering the terminal. In March 2015, NAA announced that the ID checks would cease and the new system would be used for terminal building security, effective as of the end of that month. Narita Airport was the first Japanese airport to house millimeter wave scanners . The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport announced in March 2010 that trials would be carried out at Narita from July 5 through September 10, 2010. Five types of machines were to be tested sequentially outside

342-560: A council headed by Chiba governor Kensaku Morita consisting of prefectural government officials, the Narita International Airport Corporation and business groups in Narita, proposed scrapping the ID checks. The Chiba prefectural police objected, stating that the checks were necessary to detect extremists and terrorists. NAA experimented with a new threat detection system for two months in 2013, using

399-573: A court order; 500 police officers were dispatched to provide security for the operation while 30 airport opponents protested. Beginning on October 20, 2011, the airport was approved to allow simultaneous landings and take-offs from the A and B runways. The approval allowed the airport to increase annual take offs from 220,000 to 235,000 and increase hourly departure capacity from 32 to 46. The parallel runways are 2.5 km (1.6 mi) apart. Since its construction, Narita has been criticized for its distance from central Tokyo, with journeys taking an hour by

456-599: A fuel terminal in Yotsukaido . The pipeline opened in 1983, and had pumped 130 billion liters of fuel to Narita Airport by its thirtieth anniversary of operations in 2013. Nippon Cargo Airlines (NCA) has its headquarters on the grounds of Narita Airport, in the NCA Line Maintenance Hangar ( NCAライン整備ハンガー , NCA Rain Seibi Hangā ) . Previously NCA had its headquarters on the fourth floor of

513-490: A house with a farm that is located right in between the runways. As a result, the airport must be closed from 00:00 (12:00am) to 06:00 (6:00am) the next day to minimize the noise pollution impact around the airport. Narita is the busiest airport in Japan by international passenger and international cargo traffic. In 2018, Narita had 33.4 million international passengers and 2.2 million tonnes of international cargo. In 2018, Narita

570-611: A planned 3,200 meters (10,499 ft) third "C" runway, which would be a crossing runway south of the passenger terminals. Although the majority of the land and equipment required in order to build the runway are under NAA's ownership, small portions of land needed to be accessed in order to build the runway are still blocked by airport protesters, and areas south of the South Wing of the terminal are being used as aircraft parking and storage. Noise abatement would also be an issue, especially since there are major towns such as Yachimata on

627-405: A terminal for Star Alliance carriers. The construction of the South Wing took nearly a decade and more than doubled the floor area of Terminal 1. Today, almost all Star Alliance members, including Japan's All Nippon Airways , use this wing, along with non-members Air Busan , Air Seoul , Scoot , Shandong Airlines , and Uzbekistan Airways . ANA and Peach domestic flights use a separate area of

SECTION 10

#1732780174653

684-516: Is the largest airport food court in Japan, and two multifaith prayer rooms. It was built at a cost of 15 billion yen and covers 66,000 m (710,000 sq ft) of floor space. Terminal 3 is voted 2024 best terminal for low-cost airlines in Asia and 2 overall in the world by Skytrax . Source: Japanese Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism There are three air traffic control towers at Narita. The main control tower and one of

741-611: The Keisei Main Line and the area immediately east of Narita Airport. This line opened in 2002 with government and NAA support after extensive demands from Shibayama residents, and provides a direct rail link from Shibayama to Narita City, Chiba City and central Tokyo. Another such project is the Museum of Aeronautical Sciences in Shibayama Town, which draws tourists and student groups to the area. A further extension of

798-578: The World Cup events held in Korea and Japan that year. However, its final length of 2,180 m (7,152 ft), much shorter than its original plan length of 2,500 m (8,202 ft), left it too short to accommodate Boeing 747s . The runway was further impeded by a three-story concrete building in the path of its taxiway, which the Union had constructed in 1966, forcing the taxiway to bend inward toward

855-639: The Cargo Administration Building ( 貨物管理ビル , Kamotsu Kanri Biru ) ). Sanrizuka Struggle Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.237 via cp1104 cp1104, Varnish XID 209494872 Upstream caches: cp1104 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Thu, 28 Nov 2024 07:49:34 GMT Sanrizuka Struggle Too Many Requests If you report this error to

912-797: The NAA's Tokyo functions. To assist in the relationship with the local community, NAA operates the Community Consultation Center (地域相談センター) and the Airport Information Center (空港情報センター). The Community Consultation Center is in the Chiyoda Branch of Shibayama-machi Community Center in Osato, Shibayama , while the Airport Information Center is located in Sanrizuka, Narita. New Tokyo International Airport

969-661: The Narita offices consolidated according to the decision by the Japanese Cabinet in July 1988 making it a special corporation . The NAA head office started operations at the airport on July 1, 1996, in the former Japan Airlines operations center, acquired by NAA in July 1994. Renovations occurred from September 1995 to March 1996. After the move, the Kishimoto Building in Marunouchi , Chiyoda, Tokyo housed

1026-701: The North Chiba Road, is also under construction along the Narita Rapid Railway corridor. Improvements such as the Wangan Expressway also shaved off travel time to Kanagawa Prefecture by bypassing Tokyo. The Japanese government has also invested in several local infrastructure projects in order to address the demands of airport neighbors. The largest of these is the Shibayama Railway , a short railway connection between

1083-481: The North Wing of Terminal 1, Star Alliance carriers to use the South Wing of Terminal 1, and Oneworld carriers to use Terminal 2. Terminal 1 uses a satellite terminal design divided into a North Wing ( 北ウイング , kita-uingu ) , Central Building ( 中央ビル , chūō-biru ) , and a South Wing ( 南ウイング , minami-uingu ) . Two circular satellites, Satellites 1 (gates 11–18) and 2 (gates 21–24), are connected to

1140-513: The North Wing. Satellites 3 and 4 (gates 26–38 and gates 41–47) compose a linear concourse connected to the Central Building. Satellite 5 (gates 51–58) is connected to the South Wing. The terminal building has a floorspace of 463,000 m (4,980,000 sq ft) and equipped with 40 gates. Check-in is processed on the fourth floor, and departures and immigration control are on the third floor. Arriving passengers clear immigration on

1197-517: The Preservation of Security at New Tokyo International Airport  [ ja ] , specifically banning the construction and use of buildings for violent and coercive purposes relating to the new airport. Nevertheless, several people have been killed by terrorist acts, including in arson incidents against Totetsu Kogyo  [ ja ] and Nippi Corp. employees  [ ja ] in 1983 and 1990, respectively, as well as an attack on

SECTION 20

#1732780174653

1254-652: The Runway B to 3,500 meters (11,483 ft) has been under official consideration since 2014. Permitting for the extension was approved in January 2020. The final plan calls for the runway to be extended to the northwest, and requires a 430-meter (1,410 ft) section of the Higashi-Kanto Expressway to be replaced with a tunnel beneath the runway; construction is scheduled to be complete in fiscal year 2028. The airport's original master plan also included

1311-466: The Terminal 1 South Wing security checkpoint; the subjects were Japanese nationals who volunteered for trial screening, as well as airport security staff during hours when the checkpoint is closed. In 2003, a Narita International Airport Corporation Act ( 成田国際空港株式会社法 ) was passed to provide for the privatization of the airport. As part of this change, on April 1, 2004, New Tokyo International Airport

1368-404: The aging of the older terminals, NAA opted to plan for the replacement of the older terminals with new structures. The plans also call for a new cargo facility and upgraded transit links to central Tokyo. Narita was among the first airports in the world to align its terminals around the three major international airline alliances . Since 2006, the airport has arranged for SkyTeam carriers to use

1425-474: The airport's original main runway. To avoid the problems that plagued the first phase, the Minister of Transport promised in 1991 that the expansion would not involve expropriation. Residents in surrounding regions were compensated for the increased noise-pollution with home upgrades and soundproofing. Terminal 2 opened on December 4, 1992, at a cost of $ 1.36 billion. The new terminal had approximately 1.5 times

1482-486: The early 1960s as jet aircraft became common. The Japanese transport ministry commissioned a study of alternate airport locations in 1963, and in 1965 selected a plan to build a five-runway airport in the village of Tomisato . The site was later moved 5 km (3.1 mi) northeast to the villages of Sanrizuka and Shibayama , where the Imperial Household had a large farming estate. This development plan

1539-541: The east side of the airport to be completed by 2028. The new runway will increase the airport's annual slot capacity from 300,000 to 460,000. The runway project will enable the airport to extend the airport's operating hours to cover the period between 0:30 and 5:00 local time. Local authorities agreed to the expansion plan after an 18-month process due to the need for further local revitalization. The final plan, approved in January 2020 and published in December 2021, calls for

1596-853: The event of war with the Soviet Union . These individuals sought to ally with the more conservative local farmers who simply did not want to give up their land for the airport. About 1966, a group of local residents combined with student activists and left-wing political parties formed a popular resistance group, the Sanrizuka-Shibayama Union to Oppose the Airport  [ ja ] ( 三里塚芝山連合空港反対同盟 ; Sanrizuka-Shibayama Rengo Kūkō Hantai Dōmei ), which remained active until fracturing in 1983 and they started protest activity called Sanrizuka Struggle ( 三里塚闘争 ; Sanrizuka TōSō ). Similar strategies had already been employed during

1653-624: The expansion of the Terminal 1 South Wing in 2006. Terminal 3, a terminal for low-cost carriers , opened on April 8, 2015. It is located 500 metres (1,640 ft) north of Terminal 2, where a cargo building used to sit, and has a capacity of 50,000 flights per year. The new terminal incorporates several cost-cutting measures, including using decals instead of lighted directional signs and using outdoor gates and airstairs instead of jet bridges , which are intended to reduce facility costs for airlines and their passengers by around 40% on international flights and 15% on domestic flights. Taisei Corporation

1710-407: The fastest train and often longer by road due to traffic jams. Narita's distance is even more problematic for residents and businesses in west Tokyo and Kanagawa Prefecture , both of which are much closer to Tokyo International Airport ( Haneda Airport ). Through the end of the 1980s, Narita Airport's railway station was located fairly far from the terminal, and passengers faced either a long walk or

1767-435: The government had finally destroyed the towers, but one activist  [ ja ] and one policeman were killed  [ ja ] . The runway was completed and the airport scheduled to open on March 30, 1978, but this plan was disrupted when, on March 26, 1978, a group of protestors broke into the control tower  [ ja ] and destroyed much of its equipment, causing about $ 500,000 in damage and delaying

Narita International Airport - Misplaced Pages Continue

1824-410: The largest duty-free mall in Japan. For domestic flights, three gates (65, 66, and 67) in the main building are connected to both the main departures concourse and to a separate domestic check-in facility. Passengers connecting between domestic and international flights must exit the gate area, walk to the other check-in area, and then check in for their connecting flight. Japan Airlines is currently

1881-410: The local farmers. During eminent domain, three policemen were killed by activists. Takenaka Corporation constructed the first terminal building, which was completed in 1972. The first runway took several more years due to constant fights with the Union and sympathizers, who occupied several pieces of land necessary to complete the runway and temporarily built large towers in the runway's path. In 1977,

1938-513: The main and satellite buildings began operation on September 27, 2013, and the shuttle system was discontinued. Terminal 2 can handle large aircraft like the Airbus A380 (operated by Emirates) and the Boeing 747-8 . Terminal 2 has an area of 391,000 m (4,210,000 sq ft) and 32 boarding gates. Terminal 2 includes a duty-free mall called " Narita 5th Avenue  [ ja ] ",

1995-864: The main operator in T2. The terminal has served as a hub for all Oneworld alliance carriers at NRT since 2010, when British Airways moved from Terminal 1. Several other airlines also use the terminal, these are SkyTeam carriers China Airlines and China Eastern Airlines , as well as Star Alliance carrier Air India and connecting partner Juneyao Air and non-affiliated carriers Air Macau , Air Premia , Bamboo Airways , Batik Air Malaysia , Cebu Pacific , Eastar Jet , Emirates , Fly Gangwon , Greater Bay Airlines , Hainan Airlines , MIAT , Nepal Airlines , Pakistan International Airlines , Philippine Airlines , Starlux Airlines , Thai AirAsia X , Tigerair Taiwan , T'way Air , and VietJet . All Nippon Airways and several other Star Alliance carriers used Terminal 2 prior to

2052-464: The old Narita Airport Station was renamed Higashi-Narita Station . The Narita Sky Access Line opened on July 17, 2010, cutting 20 minutes off the travel time. The line's new Skyliner airport limited express services with a maximum speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) are scheduled between Tokyo's Nippori Station and Narita Airport Terminal 2·3 Station in 36 minutes, which compares favorably with other major airports worldwide. A new expressway ,

2109-544: The opening day with rocks and firebombs while police responded with water cannons ; on the other side of Tokyo, a separate group of protestors claimed responsibility for cutting the power supply to an air traffic control facility at Tokorozawa , which shut down most air traffic in the Tokyo area for several hours. The National Diet passed a special statute, the Emergency Measures Act Relating to

2166-492: The opening until May 20. The airport opened under a high level of security; the airfield was surrounded by opaque metal fencing and overlooked by guard towers staffed with riot police. 14,000 security police were at the airport's opening and were met by 6,000 protesters; a Japanese newscaster remarked at the time that "Narita resembles nothing so much as Saigon Airport during the Vietnam War ." Protestors attacked police on

2223-643: The other two runways were delayed to avoid aggravating the already tense situation surrounding the airport. The original plan also called for a high-speed rail line, the Narita Shinkansen , to connect the airport to central Tokyo, but this project was also cancelled with only some of the necessary land obtained. By 1986, the strengthening Japanese yen was causing a surge of foreign business and leisure travel from Japan, which made Narita's capacity shortage more apparent. However, eight families continued to own slightly less than 53 acres (21 ha) of land on

2280-401: The planned departure/arrival routes. Noise abatement negotiations would have to be worked through in order to use the runway, otherwise a Kai-Tak style approach would be necessary, which is less than favourable. For these following reasons, building work on the third "C" runway was finally aborted. In March 2018, NAA released a new masterplan for expansion, which included a third "Runway C" on

2337-651: The postwar era to block the expansion of Tachikawa Air Base and other US military facilities in Japan. In June and July 1966, the Union sent formal protests to the mayor of Narita, the governor and vice-governor of Chiba Prefecture and the prefectural office of the Liberal Democratic Party . In November 1967, when the Transport Ministry began surveying the perimeter of the airport, Union members set up roadblocks. The Zengakuren radical student union then began sending students to Narita to help

Narita International Airport - Misplaced Pages Continue

2394-404: The ramp control towers stand on the geographical center the airport, and another ramp tower is directly above Terminal 2. The main tower is used by Japan Civil Aviation Bureau 's ATC , while the ramp towers are used by the NAA officers. The ramp control will be transferred to the new tower in 2020. The airport is connected by a 47 km (29 mi) pipeline to the port of Chiba City and to

2451-471: The runway. This imposed restrictions on the number of aircraft that could use the runway, since it was impossible for an aircraft to safely pass through the curve in the taxiway while another aircraft was using the runway. Runway B's limitations were made particularly apparent following the 2009 crash of FedEx Express Flight 80 , which shut down Runway A and forced some heavy aircraft to divert to other airports such as nearby Tokyo Haneda Airport . The Runway B

2508-498: The second floor, then claim their baggage and clear customs on the first floor. Most shops and restaurants are located on the fourth floor of the Central Building. The South Wing includes a duty-free mall called "Narita Nakamise", one of the largest airport duty-free brand boutique malls in Japan. The North Wing has served as an alliance hub for SkyTeam since 2007, and previously housed the Northwest Airlines hub, which

2565-429: The site that would need to be expropriated in order to complete the other two runways. Although the government could legally force a sale of the land, it elected not to do so "because of fears of more violence." By 1991, Narita was handling 22 million passengers a year, despite only having a design capacity of 13 million. On November 26, 1986, the airport authority began work on Phase II, a new terminal and runway north of

2622-401: The space of the older terminal, but its anti-congestion benefits were delayed because of the need to close and renovate much of the older terminal. The airport's land situation also meant that the taxiway to the new terminal was one-way for much of its length, and that taxi times between the terminal and runway were up to 30 minutes. The Runway B (16L/34R) opened on April 17, 2002, in time for

2679-482: The terminal accessed from the arrivals floor of the South Wing. Terminal 2, which opened in 1992, is divided into a main building ( 本館 , honkan ) and satellite ( サテライト , sateraito ) , both of which are designed around linear concourses. The two were connected by the Terminal 2 Shuttle System , which was designed by Japan Otis Elevator and was the first cable-driven people mover in Japan. A new walkway between

2736-673: Was acquired by Delta Air Lines in 2010. Delta shifted its Asian transit hub to Incheon International Airport in collaboration with Korean Air , and transferred all of its Tokyo operations from Narita to Haneda in March 2020. Other carriers in the North Wing are Aero Mongolia , Aircalin , Aurora Airlines , China Southern Airlines , El Al , Etihad Airways , Hong Kong Airlines , Jin Air , Peach Aviation international flights, Royal Brunei Airlines , Sichuan Airlines , WestJet and Zipair Tokyo . The South Wing and Satellite 5 opened in June 2006 as

2793-669: Was also the second-busiest airport in Japan in terms of aircraft movements (after Haneda Airport in Tokyo) and the tenth-busiest air freight hub in the world. Its 4,000-meter (13,123 ft) main runway shares the record for longest runway in Japan with the second runway at Kansai International Airport in Osaka . Narita serves as the main international hub of Japan Airlines , All Nippon Airways and Nippon Cargo Airlines , United Airlines , and as an operating base for low-cost carriers Air Japan , Jetstar Japan , Peach Aviation , Spring Airlines Japan , and Zipair Tokyo . In 2022, Narita

2850-417: Was awarded a ¥11.2 billion contract to build the terminal in January 2013. The airport also constructed a new LCC apron to the north of the terminal, with five additional parking slots for Airbus A320 and similarly sized aircraft. Aero K , Jeju Air , Jetstar , Jetstar Japan , Philippines AirAsia , Spring Airlines , and Spring Japan use Terminal 3. The terminal also includes a 24-hour food court, which

2907-494: Was extended northward to 2,500 meters (8,202 ft) on October 22, 2009, allowing an additional 20,000 flights per year. In 2008, the Supreme Court of Japan ruled in favor of the airport authority regarding ownership of Union-occupied land in the path of the taxiway, allowing the taxiway to be modified to provide enough room for safe passing. The building remained in place until August 2011, when authorities removed it under

SECTION 50

#1732780174653

2964-513: Was made public in 1966. The government argued that one merit of the site was the relative ease of expropriation of land  [ ja ] . However, local residents were not consulted during the initial planning phase, and learned of the selection of the airport site through the news. This led to shock and anger among the local community, which continued for many years. Though the Japanese government had eminent domain power by law, such power

3021-633: Was named the fourth-best airport in the world after Hamad International Airport in Doha , Haneda Airport in Tokyo, and Changi Airport in Singapore , by Skytrax ’s World’s Top 100 airports. Before Narita opened, Tokyo International Airport (also known as Haneda Airport ) was Tokyo's main international airport. Haneda, located in Tokyo Bay was surrounded by densely populated residential and industrial areas, and began to suffer capacity and noise issues in

3078-423: Was officially renamed Narita International Airport, reflecting its popular designation since its opening. The airport was also moved from government control to the authority of a new Narita International Airport Corporation , usually abbreviated to "NAA." The headquarters is on the airport grounds. The authority previously had its head office in Tokyo with some offices in and around Narita; the head office moved and

3135-423: Was originally envisioned to have five runways , but the initial protests in 1965 led to a down-scaling of the plan to three runways: two parallel northwest–southeast runways 4,000 m (13,123 ft) in length and an intersecting northeast–southwest runway 3,200 m (10,499 ft) in length. Upon the airport's opening in 1978, only one of the parallel runways was completed (16R/34L, also known as "Runway A");

3192-431: Was rarely used due to a preference to resolve land disputes consensually. At the time, the socialist movement still had considerable strength in Japan, evidenced by the large-scale student riots in Tokyo in 1960. Many in the "new left" such as Chūkaku-ha opposed building Narita, reasoning that the real purpose for the new airport was to promote capitalism and to provide additional facilities for US military aircraft in

3249-471: Was the only airport in Japan where visitors were required to show ID upon entry, due to the tumultuous history of the airport's construction and the violent protests before, during, and after its opening. By 2012, Narita's operator was considering dispensing with the security checks. Given that the number of flight slots at Narita are also increasing, the anti-airport struggles were decades in the past, and Haneda Airport began to re-instate international flights,

#652347