Misplaced Pages

Nijrab District

Article snapshot taken from Wikipedia with creative commons attribution-sharealike license. Give it a read and then ask your questions in the chat. We can research this topic together.

Nijrāb District , (Pashto/Persian: نجراب), also called Nijrāw , is situated in the central part of Kapisa Province , Afghanistan . It is located in a valley about 120 km northeast of Kabul . It borders Mahmud Raqi and Koh Band districts to the west, Parwan Province to the north, Laghman Province and Alasay District to the east and Tagab District to the south. The district center is Nijrab , located in the southern part of the district. The population of Nijrab District is 99,600 (2006), making it the most populous district of Kapisa.

#759240

41-451: Nijrab District contains very rugged terrain and many areas are still inaccessible. The mountains that form the boundary with Laghman Province are the highest points in the district and reach a height of around 14,000 feet. Snowfall on the mountains melts slowly and flows into the valleys below. The farmers in Nijrab irrigate the melted snow to water their fields. The total population in Nijrab

82-581: A 49% share in sequa gGmbH, the implementing partner of the German business community, in line with the company's objective to foster private sector development and cooperate closely with business chambers and associations abroad. Moreover, GIZ is a member of the European Network of Implementing Development Agencies (EUNIDA), which was co-founded by GTZ in 2000. GIZ's considers capacity development to be its core discipline. GIZ has been involved in

123-588: A former Social Democrat local politician, was previously one of three managing directors. Prior to him, the inaugural chairperson was Tanja Gönner , a former state-level minister of the Christian Democrats , who left politics during protests against the Stuttgart 21 train station project. She came to GIZ without prior experience in international development. She left GIZ in November 2022 to lead

164-592: Is Germany's Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). Other commissioners include European Union institutions, the United Nations , the private sector , and governments of other countries. In its projects GIZ works with partners in national governments, actors from the private sector, civil society and research institutions. Additionally, in cooperation with the German Federal Employment Agency, GIZ operates

205-816: Is a global voluntary standard which integrates key criteria of sustainability and resilience into infrastructure development and upgrade. SuRe® is developed by GIB Foundation and Natixis as part of a multi-stakeholder process and will be compliant with ISEAL guidelines. Finally, GIZ also hosts the Eschborn Dialogue, a two-day event for international experts on a given topic in international cooperation (e.g. "World in motion: mobility, migration, digital change" in 2014 or "Raw materials and resources: growth, values, competition" in 2013). The Eschborn Dialogue has been organized each year since 1988. In 2021, German troops ended their presence in Afghanistan. Since then,

246-746: Is inspired by the Kecamatan Development Program, a community-based program started in Indonesia by Scott Guggenheim of the World Bank in the late 1990s. After the Taliban were ousted from power in Afghanistan, the transitional power also realized that for the people to support the state, the most crucial national development project had to be visible to the 80% of the population in the rural areas. In order to interact with these people, engage them in development, include them in

287-647: Is primarily agricultural, growing products such as wheat , corn , red beans , walnuts , almonds , and pine nuts . The district contains a number of primary and high schools. According to Nijrab's Director of Education Ghulam Mayudin, Nijrab has 44 schools. The Nijrab Department of Education is located in a rented office within the bazaar near the District Center. Nijrab suffers from a lack of qualified teachers, especially female teachers. Many schools in Nijrab have received new schools from several US and international organizations. The countries contributing

328-503: Is responsible for initiating a fair and transparent election process to elect members of the locally governing community development council (CDC). The CDCs are elected through a process of identifying the eligible voters in a community, creating a cluster of approximately 25 families and ensuring at least 80% of the cluster votes for representatives. The elected CDC members then decide on the CDC president, deputy, secretary and treasurer. Thirdly,

369-416: Is responsible for training the CDC members in project proposal writing, accounting and procurement. In the fourth step, if the proposal is approved, NSP block grants are disbursed to cover the purchase of materials. Arriving in installments the funds are also used for subproject implementation. The CDC continues to report to MRRD and to the community about the project's implementation process and budget. Lastly,

410-747: Is the main German development agency . It is headquartered in Bonn and Eschborn and provides services in the field of international development cooperation and international education work. The organization's self-declared goal is to deliver effective solutions that offer people better prospects and sustainably improve their living conditions. According to the OECD , Germany’s total ODA (USD 35 billion, preliminary data) increased in 2022 due to an increase in in-donor refugee costs and increased contributions to international organisations. It represented 0.83% of gross national income (GNI). GIZ's main commissioning party

451-609: The European Union , UN agencies , other international institutions such as the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (GFFATM), and foreign governments. The cooperation with private enterprises is an emerging field, promoted under the name of sustainable development. The GIZ is set up with International Services (IS) and the Public Private Partnership (PPP) in this area. In 2012,

SECTION 10

#1732786737760

492-610: The Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ). At the national level, GIZ, however, is also commissioned by other government departments, e.g. the Federal Foreign Office , the Federal Ministry for the Environment (BMU), or the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy (BMWi), as well as by German states and municipalities. At the international level, GIZ cooperates with

533-519: The monitoring and evaluation of projects. An NSP project cycle for a community is broken down into 5 steps and usually takes 2 years to complete. First the NSP facilitating partner is assigned to the province by contracting through the MRRD. The facilitating partner then contacts the community to inform them of the NSP and commence the community mobilization process. In the second step, the facilitating partner

574-612: The Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) and the US Agency for International Development (USAID), the NSP is the Afghan government's flagship programme. Acting as the oversight consultants and responsible for strengthening local capacity and programme management at the ministry were the consulting firms GIZ and DAI. NGOs act as facilitating partners contracted by the MRRD to initiate

615-664: The Centre for International Migration and Development (CIM), an agency specialized on international cooperation activities related to global labor mobility. GIZ was established on 1 January 2011, through the merger of three German international development organizations: the Deutscher Entwicklungsdienst (DED), the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ), and Internationale Weiterbildung und Entwicklung (InWEnt). The merger

656-452: The Court of Audit noted, that some of the numbers for controlling had apparently been designed especially to allow higher bonuses every year for the 3 GIZ directors. In 2019 Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel became a board member and got paid 230.000 Euros in 2022, which increased to 242.000 Euros per year in 2023, plus pension claims. In March 2024, Baraa Odeh, a Palestinian GIZ employee of 10 years,

697-563: The GIZ employed 23,614 staff members in ca. 120 countries. Close to 70 percent are local forces that are complemented by development aid workers as well as experts from the Centrum für internationale Migration und Entwicklung that helps to integrate employees into the workforce in developing countries. The majority (80%) of employees is working outside of Germany. The GIZ operates in a variety of countries with different security situations. Staff of

738-647: The German government-owned development bank KfW , which is based in Frankfurt. While GIZ implements those projects on behalf of the BMZ that belong to "technical cooperation", i.e. capacity development, the KfW implements those BMZ projects belonging to "financial cooperation". GIZ is currently represented in the SuRe® Stakeholder Council. SuRe® – The Standard for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure

779-845: The German industry lobby BDI. The Federal Republic of Germany (represented by the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and the Federal Ministry of Finance (BMF)) is GIZ's sole shareholder. The organization is structured into eight corporate units (Corporate Development; Corporate Communications; Legal Affairs and Insurance; Compliance and Integrity; Auditing; Evaluation; Corporate Security; Academy for International Cooperation (AIZ)) and ten departments (Commissioning Parties and Business Development; Sectoral Development; Sector and Global Programmes; Africa; Asia, Latin America, Caribbean; Europe, Mediterranean, Central Asia; International Services; Human Resources). GIZ holds

820-478: The MRRD expects to reach all the communities across Afghanistan through the NSP. The NSP community expansion across Afghanistan has been divided into several phases. In Phase 1 which commenced in May 2003, 3 districts in each province were targeted in the first year reaching 6000 communities. In the second year this target was expanded reaching 4500 more communities which translated into half of Afghanistan being included in

861-560: The NSP and provide technical and capacity building support to the communities. The MRRD has developed an operational manual and facilitating partners that are contracted utilize it for community implementation. The facilitating partners serve many different roles in NSP implementations including training social community organizers tasked with educating the community about NSP, engaging community facilitators, providing technical assistance in designing and building infrastructure, providing election experts to implement CDC elections and assisting with

SECTION 20

#1732786737760

902-602: The Pashtun area of Afghania. There are several girls schools in Afghania. There was an incident in April 2008 in which the Taliban set fire to a girls school in the Afghania area. The villagers extinguished the fire and only one classroom was heavily damaged. Aside from that one act of arson, no attacks, threats, or acts of vandalism toward female schools had taken place during 2008. A large majority of villagers in Nijrab support

943-531: The Taliban have taken over the country and persecuted former staff of foreign states, including former local staff of Germany. This led Germany to allow some local staff to immigrate. However, GIZ continued hiring new local staff in Afghanistan, and was criticised for this in 2022. The GIZ continued to draw criticism for its spending. The Bundesrechnungshof concluded in 2023, that the GIZ does not produce data that allow to evaluate its economic efficiency. There were no mechanisms in place to encourage cost cutting and

984-485: The World Bank announced that it had approved a US$ 40 million grant to support Phase 3 of the NSP. The third phase will build on the achievements of the first two phases of the NSP and complete the expansion of CDCs to all the rural communities in Afghanistan. In Phase 3, the Afghan government has introduced several innovations to institute the CDCs as lasting sustainable bodies of local governance. The expansion will also support

1025-860: The World Bank estimates the economic rate of return on the NSP to be almost 20 percent (Zoellick, 2008). The NSP is funded by the International Development Association at the World Bank and the Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund. Implemented by the Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) and funded by the World Bank, the UK Department for International Development (DFID), the Danish International Development and Assistance Agency (DANIDA),

1066-607: The company has a representation in Brussels and operates 90 offices around the world. Because GIZ is incorporated under German law as a GmbH (limited liability company), it is governed by a management board that acts on behalf of the company's shareholders and is monitored by a supervisory board. Additionally, GIZ also has a board of trustees and a Private Sector Advisory Board. GIZ's management board consists of two managing directors, namely Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel (Chairperson) and Ingrid-Gabriela Hoven. Thorsten Schäfer-Gümbel,

1107-514: The country, a National Health and Education Program to get basic health packages to citizens and get children back in school, a National Transportation Program to make Afghanistan a land bridge for South and Central Asia and the Gulf, a National Telecommunications Program to set up a cell phone network across the country and attract private investment and a National Accountability Program to build good financial management (Ghani and Lockart, 2008). The NSP

1148-602: The creation of various networks, associations and portals, and may carry out or support secretariat functions for some of these for a limited period of time. Examples of such networks and associations that have had some GIZ involvement include: Other global agendas supported by GIZ include South-South cooperation , i.e. bilateral cooperation between developing countries and emerging economies, and triangular cooperation between developing countries as beneficiaries, emerging economies as "new donors" and traditional donors, e.g. Germany, as contributors of expertise. GIZ works closely with

1189-693: The disbursement of block grants to the remaining 10320 communities for full NSP coverage across Afghanistan. In addition, to supporting the initial development needs, a second round of grants will be provided to 17,400 CDCs that have successfully used their initial grant. Most importantly, NSP III will focus on improving the institutional quality, sustainability and governance of CDCs and enhance their ability to engage with other institutions. Deutsche Gesellschaft f%C3%BCr Internationale Zusammenarbeit The Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH ( English : German International Cooperation Society (GIZ) ), often simply shortened to GIZ ,

1230-662: The education of females and request new school buildings (half of the girls schools in Nijrab are without a building at all) with a perimeter wall for protection and privacy. Afghan National Solidarity Programme The Afghan National Solidarity Programme (NSP) was an initiative by the government of Afghanistan which aims to rehabilitate and develop around 5 000 villages in Afghanistan . The programme has been funded by $ 600 million ( USD ) and, over three years, hopes to develop local democratically elected institutions which will identify, plan and manage for reconstruction in

1271-471: The facilitating partners and CDCs undertake an evaluation of the technical quality of completed subprojects and documents the lessons learned. Since there is no formal census data available about Afghanistan it is hard to accurately identify the number of villages. Previously, it was estimated that approximately 20000 rural settlements or villages existed, however this was markedly increased to 42000 villages. Since field coordinators have reported that several of

Nijrab District - Misplaced Pages Continue

1312-435: The foundations of community managed sub-projects comprising reconstruction and development. The reconstruction efforts would be aimed at improving access of rural communities to social and productive infrastructure and services. Launched in 2003, the program was instrumental in generating employment and initiating the rehabilitation of rural infrastructure devastated by severe drought and two decades of conflict. The president of

1353-455: The locality. The project was initially, in its first year, aimed at bringing the regions determined to be in most danger up to safer standards - costing an estimated $ 92 million for this first year alone. In 2001, after gaining power, Ashraf Ghani had envisioned the creation of several national development projects which would create public trust in governance. These programs included a National Emergency Employment Program to provide jobs across

1394-597: The most to the funding of new schools in Nijrab are the US, Bangladesh (BRAC), and Japan. Kapisa and Parwan PRT has recently (late 2008) approved funding for Kohi Girls School (Afghania), Shahed Nick mhomad (pachaghan), Mohammed Ayoob (Pachagan), khowaja roshnay walley (pachaghan), Engineer Habib Urahman (Kharj), Abdul Manan (Farakh Shah), and Abdul Salam (Pachagan). Qazi Abdul Jamil (Afghania) and Farakh Shah High School (Farakh Shah) were nearing completion as of December 2008. All areas within Nijrab educate female students to include

1435-499: The newly elected CDCs consult directly with members of the community to reach a consensus list of subproject ideas. This list called the community development plan (CDP) comprises projects which can be carried out with funds from the NSP and independent of outside support. The subprojects which require NSP funding are then submitted by the CDC to the MRRD and the Oversight Consultant in a proposal. The facilitating partner

1476-469: The program. In 2005 or the third year of the NSP an additional 6000 communities were targeted. The NSP Phase 1 concluded in March 2007 reaching approximately 17300 communities. In Phase 2 which ran from April 2007 until March 2010 the World Bank proposed covering an additional 4300 new communities bringing the total to 21600. This coverage meant that approximately 80-90% of Afghanistan had CDCs. On June 27, 2010,

1517-530: The reconstruction process and provide a uniform approach across Afghanistan, the National Solidarity Program (NSP) was launched. As one of the Afghan government's National Priority Programs the NSP has been publicized as one of the most successful CDD programmes in the world to date . As a large scale rural reconstruction and development programme, the NSP had two primary goals: to strengthen local governance to foster rule of law and to lay

1558-436: The villages comprise less than the minimum of 25 families required to initiate a CDC, it is estimated by the MRRD that around 28500 NSP communities would be a reasonable equivalent to rural settlements estimate. This approximation thus average 1 NSP community = 1.474 rural settlements. However the current average used is 1 NSP community = 1.583 rural settlements. (National Solidarity Program Website, 2010). Once fully implemented

1599-565: Was a lot more than 100,000 back in 1950-1960s. Rivers from the nearby Hindu Kush mountains and springs provide the majority of drinking water for district residents; however, hundreds of hand pump wells have been installed by the National Solidarity Program (NSP). Kapisa and Parwan PRT funded several more wells in late 2008 for Afghania. The population of Nijrab District consists of Pashtuns , Tajiks , Pashai , Parachi and Nuristanis . The Nijrab district's economy

1640-490: Was arrested by Israeli border guards after a trip, administratively detained for three months without charge, and subjected to abusive and humiliating treatment. GIZ stated it would work "with all the means at its disposal to clarify the background.” Germany's development ministry commented: “The Federal Government is critical of the practice of administrative detention – [...] International humanitarian law sets strict limits on this practice.” GIZ mainly operates on behalf of

1681-642: Was overseen by Dirk Niebel , federal development minister from 2009 to 2013. His predecessor had previously tried and failed to merge the DED with the KfW . GIZ is one of the world's largest development agencies , with a business volume in excess of €3.1 billion in 2019 as well as 22,199 employees spread over more than 120 countries. GIZ's headquarters are located in Bonn and Eschborn . It also has an office in Berlin and at 16 other locations across Germany. Outside Germany,

Nijrab District - Misplaced Pages Continue

#759240