Power Belongs to the People ( Finnish : Valta kuuluu kansalle , VKK ), formerly known as Parliamentary Group Ano Turtiainen ( AT ), is a political party in Finland . Ano Turtiainen was its group leader and was its only member of parliament. The group's rules state that the purpose of the group's activities is "to act in parliament in the interests of Finland and Finns and to have freedom of speech in elections".
50-592: The Society for American Civic Renewal ( SACR ) is an exclusive, men-only fraternal order which aims to replace the US government with an authoritarian "aligned regime". Some experts in Christian nationalism claim the SACR is rooted in extreme Christian nationalism and religious autocracy. SACR is organized as a 501(c)(10) organization, which is a nonprofit organization "with a fraternal purpose". Charles Haywood incorporated
100-591: A 2020 study, it was found that "even after accounting for sociodemographic, religious, and political characteristics", Christian nationalism was a "leading predictor" that individuals "prioritize the economy and deprioritize the vulnerable" due to a "pervasive ideology that blends Christian identity with conceptions of economic prosperity and individual liberty." Christian nationalism has also been associated with belief in conspiracy theories . Analysis of Christian nationalists in America found that "Christian nationalism
150-399: A Christian America. Roughly 59% of all Americans who say white people have been discriminated against ... favor declaring the U.S. a Christian nation, compared to 38% of all Americans." Congresswoman Marjorie Taylor Greene has referred to herself as a Christian nationalist. Fellow congresswoman Lauren Boebert also expressed support for Christian nationalism. Politician Doug Mastriano
200-507: A city councillor from Veteli and previous deputy leader Jarno Vähäkainu who left the Finns after posting about executing Somali-Finnish politicians. The VKK party failed in the 2023 elections due to internal conflicts. The party had around 1,3% support in 2022, however due to many conflicts the party experienced splits. After the elections, Ano Turtiainen was invited to work in Russia as
250-429: A first language, and that is thoroughly patriarchal ." Commentators say that Christian-associated support for right-wing politicians and social policies, such as legislation which is related to immigration , gun control and poverty is best understood as Christian nationalism, rather than evangelicalism per se . Some studies of white evangelicals show that, among people who self-identify as evangelical Christians,
300-725: A kind of international movement including Other European and American Christian nationalists. Defunct President of Russia Vladimir Putin has been described as a global leader of the Christian nationalist and Christian right movements. As President, Putin has increased the power of the Russian Orthodox Church and proclaimed his staunch belief in Eastern Orthodoxy , as well as maintaining close contacts with Patriarchs of Moscow and all Rus' Alexy II and Kirill . The Russian Imperial Movement
350-523: A majority of white conservative Christians support the presidency of Donald Trump , the QAnon movement and the January 6 United States Capitol attack . Author Bradley Onishi, a vocal critic of Christian nationalism, has described this theologically infused political ideology as a "national renewal project that envisions a pure American body that is heterosexual, white, native-born, that speaks English as
400-496: A particular political-cultural narrative they wish to privilege." Christian nationalism has been linked towards support for political violence. Such support is conditioned by support for conspiratorial information sources, white identity, perceived victimhood, and support for the QAnon movement . A 2021 survey of 1100 U.S. adults found that respondents who combined Christian nationalism with these factors exhibited increased support for political violence. On October 12, 2024, during
450-440: A representative of Finland, which he agreed to. At a party convention held on 23 March 2024, the party elected new leadership and Turtiainen was replaced by Antti Asikainen. The new leadership has disassociated themselves from Turtiainen’s "unlawful actions behind the party’s name" and his connections to Russia. Turtiainen has described the party as being centre-right and in support of direct democracy . He has also emphasized
500-496: A rise in Christian nationalist activity with many groups using anti-lockdown sentiments to expand their reach to more people. The group Liberty Coalition Canada has garnered support from many elected politicians across Canada . In their founding documents they argue that "it is only in Christianized nations that religious freedom has ever flourished." Their rallies have attracted the support of Alex Jones and Canada First,
550-601: A spin-off of Nick Fuentes ' group America First. Many of Liberty Coalition Canada's leaders are pastors who have racked up millions in potential fines for violating COVID protocols and in many cases express ultra-conservative views. The far-right and pro-Russian Power Belongs to the People (VKK) party has been described as Christian nationalist by Helsingin Sanomat . Sanan- ja uskonnonvapaus ry (Freedom of Speech and Religion Association), associated with MP Päivi Räsänen of
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#1732797958261600-596: A strict separation of state and church "; the teacher training program also "pushed a judicial theory , favored by legal conservatives like DeSantis, that requires people to interpret the Constitution as the framers intended it, not as a living, evolving document ". Power Belongs to the People The party has been known for its strong support for the Russian Federation , however after
650-523: A tax consultant based in Coeur d'Alene, Idaho. Christian nationalism Christian nationalism is a form of religious nationalism that focuses on promoting the Christian views of its followers, in order to achieve prominence or dominance in political and social life. Some branches of Christian nationalism seek to establish an exclusivist version of Christianity as the dominant moral and cultural order. Christian nationalism overlaps with but
700-732: Is a prominent neo-Nazi Christian nationalist group that trains militants all over Europe and has recruited thousands of fighters for its paramilitary group, the Imperial Legion, which is participating in the invasion of Ukraine . The group also works with the Atomwaffen Division in order to network with and recruit extremists from the United States . In Scotland , the Scottish Family Party has been described as Christian nationalist. The party
750-482: Is a prominent figure in the fundamentalist Christian nationalist movement, and has called the separation of church and state a myth. Andrew Torba, the CEO of the alt-tech platform Gab , supported Mastriano's failed 2022 bid for office, in order to build a grass-roots Christian nationalist political movement to help "take back" government power for "the glory of God"; he has argued that "unapologetic Christian Nationalism
800-585: Is an ally of National Socialism. You can call this anti-democratic principle dictatorship if you wish. In Italy, it is called Fascism; in Germany, National Socialism and in South Africa, Christian Nationalism." While the National Party was primarily concerned about the nationalist interest of Afrikaners , there was a strong adherence to Calvinist interpretations of Christianity as the bedrock of
850-548: Is an organization in the United States that identifies as being aligned with Christian nationalism. Another group is the New Apostolic Reformation , which includes Christian nationalist themes in its goal to bring about dominionism . In the 1980s and 1990s, the religious right in America featured religious traditionalists who advocated for religious liberty, racial equality, democratic values and
900-486: Is based on a worldview that America is superior to other countries, and that such superiority is divinely established. It posits that only Christians are "true Americans." Christian nationalism also bears overlap with the American militia movement . The 1992 Ruby Ridge standoff and the 1993 Waco siege served as a catalyst for the growth of militia activity among Christian nationalists. Christian nationalists believe that
950-525: Is by invitation only. Key personnel of the SACR include Scott Yenor , a professor of political science at Boise State University in Idaho and also the senior director of state coalitions at the Claremont Institute. The president of Claremont Institute, Ryan P. Williams [ d ] , is a member of SACR's board of directors. A key administrative role is played by Skyler Kressin,
1000-445: Is distinct from theonomy , with it being more populist in character. In countries with a state church , Christian nationalists seek to preserve the status of a Christian state . In Brazil , Christian nationalism, a result of a Catholic - Evangelical coalition, has a goal of curbing the influence of "moral relativism, social liberalism, alleged neo-Marxism in its various forms, and LBGTQ rights." The COVID-19 pandemic saw
1050-771: Is the strongest predictor that Americans fail to affirm factually correct answers." When asked about Christianity's place in American founding documents, policies, and court decisions, those that embraced Christian nationalism had more confident incorrect answers while those that rejected it had more confident correct answers. A 2021 research article theorized that like conservative Christians that incorrectly answer science questions that are "religiously contested", Christian nationalism inclines individuals to "affirm factually incorrect views about religion in American political history, likely through their exposure to certain disseminators of such misinformation, but also through their allegiance to
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#17327979582611100-462: Is what will save the United States of America". Torba is also a proponent of the great replacement conspiracy theory , and he has said that "The best way to stop White genocide and White replacement , both of which are demonstrably and undeniably happening, is to get married to a White woman and have a lot of White babies". White nationalist Nick Fuentes has also expressed support for Christian nationalism. Author Katherine Stewart has called
1150-535: The Christian Democrats , has also supported openly fascist candidates of Blue-and-Black Movement that seek to ban the LGBT movement and "non-native religions". The association also supports VKK and Freedom Alliance . The Blue-and-Black movement itself is also inspired by the Christian fascist Patriotic People's Movement . Aforementioned local far-right pro-Russian parties have recruited combatants for
1200-514: The "poison" of "those who rule today". SACR uses a cross-like insignia, described on the website as symbolizing "sword and shield" and rejection of " Modernist philosophies and heresies". SACR is closely associated with the Claremont Institute . According to The Guardian , SACR's internal mission statement states: "Our aim is to build and maintain a robust network of capable men who can reverse our society's decline and return us to
1250-696: The American Christian political identity. Christian nationalism also overlaps with but is distinct from theonomy , with it being more populist in character. Theocratic Christians seek to have the Bible inform national laws and have religious leaders in positions of government; while in America, Christian nationalists view the country's founding documents as "divinely inspired" and supernaturally revealed to Christian men to preference Christianity, and are willing to elect impious heads of state if they support right-wing causes. Christian nationalism supports
1300-730: The Jewish holy day of Yom Kippur , tens of thousands of people attended a rally at the National Mall in Washington, D.C. It was sponsored by Jennifer Donnelly, a marketing professional, and Lou Engle and other Dominist pro-Trump members of the New Apostolic Reformation movement. Engle is described by the Southern Poverty Law Center as "an anti-LGBTQ+ extremist". A newsletter mentioned "the Lord's authority over
1350-763: The Russian side in Ukraine, who have then after gone to the Russian Imperial Movement 's training camps in St. Petersburg and become fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War . In Ghana, Christian nationalists seek to uphold what they see as "traditional markers of Ghanaian identity including, Christianity, social conservatism, and antagonism to 'progressive' 'Western' ideas, such as LGBTQ+ equality." Defunct The Kingdom of Hungary under
1400-522: The Society for American Civic Renewal (SACR) in September 2021. According to The Guardian , SACR is an invitation-only exclusively male group that aims for a "civilizational renaissance". The group's website describes it as "'raising accountable leaders to help build thriving communities of free citizens' who will rebuild 'the frontier-conquering spirit of America'" and promises to "counter and conquer"
1450-717: The US is meant to be a Christian nation, and that it was founded as a Christian nation, and want to "take back" the US for God. Christian nationalists feel that their values and religion are threatened and marginalized, and fear their freedom to preach their moral values will be no longer dominant at best or outlawed at worst. Experimental research found that support of Christian nationalism increased when Christian Americans were told of their demographic decline. Studies have shown Christian nationalists to exhibit higher levels of anger, depression, anxiety, and emotional distress. It has been theorized that Christian nationalists fear that they are "not living up to" God's expectations, and "fear
1500-678: The United States is a country founded by and for Christians. Christian nationalists in the United States advocate "a fusion of identitarian Christian identity and cultural conservatism with American civic belonging." It has been noted to bear overlap with Christian fundamentalism , white supremacy , the Seven Mountain Mandate movement, and dominionism . Most researchers have described Christian nationalism as "authoritarian" and "boundary-enforcing" but recent research has focused on how libertarian , small-government ideology and neoliberal political economics have become part of
1550-573: The United States should be a Christian nation, versus only 48% of Republicans overall. Age is also a factor, with over 70% of Republicans from the Baby Boomer and Silent Generations supporting the United States officially becoming a Christian nation. According to Politico , the polling also found that sentiments of white grievance are highly correlated with Christian nationalism: "White respondents who say that members of their race have faced more discrimination than others are most likely to embrace
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1600-530: The broad support for observing Christmas as a national holiday in many countries. During the Cold War , church attendance reached a highpoint in the 1950s, which was also when the United States added phrases like 'Under God' in the Pledge of Allegiance and on currency, described at the time as a ' civil religion ' that was motivated in part to show distance from communism. Christian nationalism also influenced
1650-594: The change of leadership, the party has disassociated itself from Ano Turtiainen's connections to Russia. The parliamentary group in the Parliament of Finland was founded in June 2020 by Ano Turtiainen when he was sacked from the Finns Party parliamentary group, because of a tweet that was claimed as racist, which mocked George Floyd and a history of inciting attacks against refugee centers. During 2021
1700-454: The civil rights of those who fail to conform to traditional ideals of whiteness, citizenship, and Protestantism. The Christian nationalist belief system includes elements of patriarchy , white supremacy, nativism , and heteronormativity . It has been associated with a "conquest narrative", premillennial apocalypticism , and of frequent "rhetoric of blood, specifically, of blood sacrifice to an angry God." American Christian nationalism
1750-496: The combined ideology and political movement of Christian nationalism "an organized quest for power" and she says that Florida governor Ron DeSantis has identified with and promoted this system of values in order to gain votes in his bid for political advancement. According to the Tampa Bay Times , DeSantis has also promoted a civics course for educators, which emphasized the belief that "the nation's founders did not desire
1800-882: The constitution of the Confederacy , which mentioned God overtly in contrast with the US Constitution. Christian nationalism has been linked to prejudice towards minority groups. Christian nationalism has been loosely defined as a belief that "celebrate[s] and privilege[s] the sacred history, liberty, and rightful rule of white conservatives." Christian nationalism prioritizes an ethno-cultural, ethno-religious , and ethno-nationalist framing around fear of "the other", those being immigrants, racial, and sexual minorities. Studies have associated Christian nationalism with xenophobia , homophobia , misogyny , political tolerance of racists, opposition to interracial unions , support for gun rights , pronatalism , and restricting
1850-548: The election process and our nation's leadership", and flyers promoted a meeting by Turning Point USA Faith . The Christian Liberty Party and the American Redoubt movement—both organized and inspired by members of the Constitution Party —are early 21st-century examples of political tendencies rooted in Christian nationalism, with the latter advocating a degree of separatism. The New Columbia Movement
1900-607: The importance of Christianity for Western society and its values. Kansan Uutiset describe the party as unequivocally far-right and ethnonationalist , while Keskipohjanmaa called the party's presentation as "radical" and similar to far-right and hard-line right-wing populists. According to Helsingin Sanomat , the party is in favor of Russia which is "completely exceptional in Finland outside of 1970s communists ". Several leaders, including Turtiainen and James Hirvisaari have made Russophilic and pro-Putin statements. Further,
1950-556: The leadership of Miklós Horthy is often seen by many historians as Christian nationalist in nature. Historian István Deák described the Horthy regime in the following way: Between 1919 and 1944 Hungary was a rightist country. Forged out of a counter-revolutionary heritage, its governments advocated a "nationalist Christian" policy; they extolled heroism, faith, and unity; they despised the French Revolution, and they spurned
2000-565: The liberal and socialist ideologies of the 19th century. The governments saw Hungary as a bulwark against bolshevism and bolshevism's instruments: socialism , cosmopolitanism , and Freemasonry . They perpetrated the rule of a small clique of aristocrats, civil servants, and army officers, and surrounded with adulation the head of the state, the counterrevolutionary Admiral Horthy . Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán has often advocated for Christian nationalism, both within Hungary and as
2050-721: The more they attend church, the more they pray, and the more they read the Bible , the less support they have for nationalist (though not socially conservative) policies. Non-nationalistic evangelicals ideologically agree with Christian nationalists in areas such as gender roles, and sexuality. A study which was conducted in May 2022 showed that the strongest base of support for Christian nationalism comes from Republicans who identify as Evangelical or born again Christians. Of this demographic group, 78% are in favor of formally declaring that
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2100-538: The parliamentary group was renamed Power Belongs to the People and he planned to establish a political party. Turtiainen was subsequently expelled from the Finns Party altogether, leading to his founding of Power Belongs to the People. The group gathered 5,000 signatures in a single day to form a new party. Three Finns in Espoo and city councillor from Lohja defected to VKK from the Finns party, and were joined by
2150-400: The party chairman and deputy chairman are members of the neo-nazi linked Nationalist Alliance ( Kansallismielisten Liittouma ) and at least one of them is a member of the neo-nazi Soldiers of Odin . The party program speaks of the white supremacist Great Replacement conspiracy theory and opposes the so called: "…program to replace the [native] population". Belief in conspiracy theories
2200-503: The party's parliamentary candidate Johan Bäckman and editor-in-chief of pro-VKK organ MV-media Janus Putkonen have recruited combatants for the Russian side in Ukraine, who have then after gone to the Russian Imperial Movement ’s training camps in St. Petersburg and become fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian War . The party is also strongly anti-immigration. This is especially apparent in Jyväskylä , where both
2250-489: The presence of Christian symbols in the public square, and state patronage for the practice and display of religion, such as Christmas as a national holiday, school prayer , singing God Bless America , the exhibition of nativity scenes during Christmastide , and the Christian Cross on Good Friday . Christian nationalism draws political support from the broader Christian right , but not exclusively, given
2300-532: The separation of church and state while also working to maintain white Protestant dominance. By the mid-1990s and especially following the 9/11 attacks , religious traditionalists gave way to Christian nationalists who sought explicit state favor and the exclusion of national and racial minorities. Islamophobia soon spread to include Latinos, Asians, and other immigrants as threats to Christian democracy, and Christian nationalists embraced ethonationalist white nativism and racism. The ethno-nationalist developments saw
2350-596: The state. Moreover, by advancing ideas of Christian Nationalism, the National Party could incorporate other "nations" in their programme of racial hierarchies and segregation. The Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa provided much of the theological and moral justification for Apartheid and the basis for racial hierarchy. Defunct Newspapers Journals TV channels Websites Other Economics Gun rights Identity politics Nativist Religion Watchdog groups Youth/student groups Miscellaneous Other Christian nationalism asserts that
2400-631: The successful path off which America has strayed.... [SACR's founders] are un-hyphenated Americans, and we believe in a particular Christianity that is not blurred by modernist philosophies.... We are willing to act decisively to secure permanently, as much as anything is permanent, the political and social dominance [of their beliefs]." Filings show the group has established lodges in four locations: three in Idaho ( Moscow , Boise , and Coeur d'Alene ) and another in Dallas, Texas . SACR excludes from membership women, gay people, and Mormons . SACR membership
2450-459: The wrath and punishment" of not creating the country desired by God. Adherence to Christian nationalism has been associated with high levels of distrust of science, especially parts that are perceived as challenging biblical authority. During the COVID-19 pandemic , Christian nationalists frequently opposed measures including lockdowns, restrictions on social gatherings and mask-wearing. In
2500-607: Was formed as a push-back movement, based on a rejection of LGBT+ topics being taught in schools, with the political party claiming it to be an overly sexualized topic and ideology. They believe it to be an attack on traditional Christian family values, promoted by the Scottish National Party . The future leader of the National Party and Apartheid Prime Minister of South Africa , B. J. Vorster in 1942 declared: "We stand for Christian Nationalism which
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