115-609: SBS Radio is an Australian radio network owned by the Special Broadcasting Service directed towards newly arrived immigrants in Australia. It originally began as two stations based in Melbourne and Sydney , set up to provide pre-recorded information about the then-new Medibank health care system in languages other than English. Nowadays, the network targets the estimated 4+ million Australians who speak
230-540: A Finnic language of the Uralic language family, spoken by the majority of the population in Finland and by ethnic Finns outside of Finland. Finnish is one of the two official languages of Finland, alongside Swedish . In Sweden , both Finnish and Meänkieli (which has significant mutual intelligibility with Finnish ) are official minority languages . Kven , which like Meänkieli is mutually intelligible with Finnish,
345-819: A "j", e.g. vesj [vesʲ] "water", cf. standard vesi [vesi] . The first known written account in Helsinki slang is from the 1890 short story Hellaassa by young Santeri Ivalo (words that do not exist in, or deviate from, the standard spoken Finnish of its time are in bold): Kun minä eilen illalla palasin labbiksesta , tapasin Aasiksen kohdalla Supiksen , ja niin me laskeusimme tänne Espikselle , jossa oli mahoton hyvä piikis . Mutta me mentiin Studikselle suoraan Hudista tapaamaan, ja jäimme sinne pariksi tunniksi, kunnes ajoimme Kaisikseen . There are two main registers of Finnish used throughout
460-560: A Latin-script alphabet derived from the Swedish alphabet, and is phonemic to a great extent. Vowel length and consonant length are distinguished, and there are a range of diphthongs , although vowel harmony limits which diphthongs are possible. Finnish belongs to the Finnic branch of the Uralic language family ; as such, it is one of the few European languages that is not Indo-European . The Finnic branch also includes Estonian and
575-473: A considerable influence upon the spoken word, because illiteracy is nonexistent and many Finns are avid readers. In fact, it is still not entirely uncommon to meet people who "talk book-ish" ( puhuvat kirjakieltä ); it may have connotations of pedantry, exaggeration, moderation, weaseling or sarcasm (somewhat like heavy use of Latinate words in English, or more old-fashioned or "pedantic" constructions: compare
690-713: A corporation in 1991. Throughout the early 1990s, SBS TV coverage was expanded further to include new regional areas such as the Latrobe Valley , Spencer Gulf , Darwin , northeast Tasmania , Cairns and Townsville . In 1992, SBS's radio and television facilities were gradually relocated to new premises in Artarmon , New South Wales . Radio services were initially located in Bondi Junction and television services in Milsons Point . The new building
805-520: A few community stations in areas without dedicated SBS Radio transmitters carry some SBS Radio content. Radio 1, Radio 2 and Radio 3 are all available nationwide through digital terrestrial television, through DAB+ digital radio in available areas, on satellite from free-to-air Optus D1 and Optus B3 C-band satellite transmissions, and on Foxtel . Until the launch of Radio 3 in April 2013, programs available on Radio 1 and Radio 2 varied depending on
920-518: A few minority languages spoken around the Baltic Sea and in Russia's Republic of Karelia . The closest relative of Finnish is either Ingrian , or depending on the definition, Karelian . Finnic languages form a dialect continuum, where for instance Finnish and Estonian are not separated by any single isogloss that would separate dialects considered "Finnish" from those considered "Estonian", despite
1035-460: A language of administration, journalism, literature, and science in Finland, along with Swedish. In 1853 Daniel Europaeus published the first Swedish-Finnish dictionary, and between 1866 and 1880 Elias Lönnrot compiled the first Finnish-Swedish dictionary. In the same period, Antero Warelius conducted ethnographic research and, among other topics, he documented the geographic distribution of
1150-434: A language other than English at home with programs in 68 languages. Like SBS Television , SBS Radio supplements its government funding with paid-for information campaigns for government agencies and non-profit organisations as well as commercial advertising and sponsorship. The history of SBS Radio goes back to the 1970s when the government started considering the demand for broadcasting in languages other than English after
1265-630: A mass-influx of foreign-born populace post World War Two. In January 1975, Al Grassby , the Commissioner of Community Relations at the time, approached future members of the SBS executive board about his intention to start up two experimental radio stations in Sydney and Melbourne, which would almost always broadcast in non-English languages, on a budget of around $ 67,000. The amount was sufficient to pay for two broadcasters per program and rented studios in
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#17328014934331380-475: A more systematic writing system. Along the way, Finnish lost several fricative consonants in a process of sound change . The sounds [ð] and [θ(ː)] disappeared from the language, surviving only in a small rural region in Western Finland. In the standard language, however, the effect of the lost sounds is thus: Modern Finnish punctuation, along with that of Swedish, uses the colon (:) to separate
1495-445: A north–south split as well as an east–west split. The northern dialects of Proto-Finnic, from which Finnish developed, lacked the mid vowel [ ɤ ] . This vowel was found only in the southern dialects, which developed into Estonian , Livonian , and Votian . The northern variants used third person singular pronoun hän instead of southern tämä (Est. tema ). While the eastern dialects of Proto-Finnic (which developed in
1610-480: A part of SBS Audio. Most programs contain a mix of news, current affairs, sport, community information and music relating to a specific ethnic or language group. The exception is the English language NITV Radio program, and overnight programming from the BBC World Service . Programs with large communities such as Greek and Mandarin also have talkback segments in the last quarter of the program. A program
1725-555: A separate taxonomic " Finno-Samic " node is controversial. The Defense Language Institute in Monterey, California , United States, classifies Finnish as a level III language (of four levels) in terms of learning difficulty for native English speakers. Finnish is spoken by about five million people, most of whom reside in Finland. There are also notable Finnish-speaking minorities in Sweden, Norway, Russia, Estonia, Brazil, Canada, and
1840-440: A total amount of Finnish-speakers roughly between 7,200 and 15,600. In the latest census , around 1000 people in Russia claimed to speak Finnish natively; however, a larger amount of 14,000 claimed to be able to speak Finnish in total. There are also forms of Finnish spoken by diasporas outside Europe, such as American Finnish , spoken by Finnish Americans , and Siberian Finnish , spoken by Siberian Finns . Today, Finnish
1955-690: A total of 68 languages a week and a total of 229 hours in total. In April a soccer match from Yugoslavia was regarded as the very first live overseas broadcast on 2/3EA, and in June, 2EA moved from Five Dock to 257 Clarence Street in Sydney. Thirteen new languages, Albanian , Armenian , Czech , Danish , Finnish , Hindi , Norwegian , Punjabi , Russian , Slovak , Swedish , Ukrainian and Urdu , were also added to 3EA that year, while only two, Filipino and Tongan , were added to 2EA's schedule. The following year 2EA began broadcasting in Queensland through
2070-484: A video on demand application called "SBS On Demand VR", later renamed "SBS VR". SBS has been providing multilingual services since 1975. Alongside news and radio, the SBS in-language units in both Sydney and Melbourne, provide a range of language services for medium to large organisations, private and government businesses. These include accredited translations, typesetting, voiceovers/re-narration, subtitling and video services in over 68 languages. SBS independent (SBSi)
2185-592: A year at this stage and not all antennas had worked well with the low-frequency Channel 0. In August 1986, the government proposed legislation that would amalgamate SBS into the ABC . This was highly unpopular with ethnic-minority communities, and after protests from both SBS staff and communities, resulted in the Prime Minister of Australia , Bob Hawke announcing in 1987 that the proposed amalgamation would not proceed. The SBS Radio and Television Youth Orchestra
2300-473: Is South Park . As a result of extensive post-World War II immigration to Australia and the end of the controversial and racist White Australia Policy , the federal government began to consider the need for "ethnic broadcasting" – programming targeted at ethnic minorities and mostly delivered in languages other than English. Until 1970, radio stations were prevented by law from broadcasting in foreign languages for more than 2.5 hours per week. In June 1975 at
2415-519: Is "to provide multilingual and multicultural radio and television services that inform, educate and entertain all Australians and, in doing so, reflect Australia's multicultural society". SBS is one of five main free-to-air networks in Australia. SBS formally came into existence in 1978 as a radio network. Full-time transmission began on a new television channel in 1980. In-show advertising commenced in 2006. Commercial breaks are set at five minutes per hour. SBS's most successful imported television series
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#17328014934332530-428: Is 30 percent more than other broadcasters", claimed Brown upon announcing the new move. SBS's commercial breaks remained at their existing statutory limit of five minutes per hour, as opposed to the fifteen minutes per hour permitted on Australia's fully commercial stations. An individual break lasted between one and two minutes. A related change was the launch of a one-hour 6:30 pm edition of World News , replacing
2645-508: Is abbreviation of word-final vowels, and in many respects they resemble Estonian. The Tavastian dialects ( hämäläismurteet ) are spoken in Tavastia . They are closest to the standard language, but feature some slight vowel changes, such as the opening of diphthong-final vowels ( tie → tiä , miekka → miakka , kuolisi → kualis ), the change of d to l (mostly obsolete) or trilled r (widespread, nowadays disappearance of d
2760-519: Is an Australian hybrid-funded public service broadcaster . About 80 percent of funding for the company is derived from the Australian taxpayer. SBS operates six TV channels ( SBS , SBS Viceland , SBS World Movies , SBS Food , NITV and SBS WorldWatch ) and seven radio networks (SBS Radios 1, 2 and 3, Arabic24, SBS Chill, SBS South Asian and SBS PopAsia ). SBS Online is home to SBS On Demand video streaming service. The stated purpose of SBS
2875-549: Is delivered by HWW. SBS Radio is managed, monitored and maintained via SBS Radio Operations. Distribution of SBS content is managed by third-parties such as Broadcast Australia and other specialist vendors. Based in Sydney and Melbourne, the Radio Operations teams within SBS monitor, switch programming sources and co-ordinate resources within SBS to deliver content across all SBS markets. Special Broadcasting Service The Special Broadcasting Service ( SBS )
2990-528: Is hosted by maximum two hosts, and usually includes a pre-recorded or pre-written Acknowledgment of Country, which acknowledges the land of the studios which the program is broadcasting from. SBS Radio broadcasts programs from either of its Sydney or Melbourne studios. Some programs may be primarily broadcast from one of the two locations owing to historical reasons, for example the Albanian program being primarily broadcast from Melbourne due to being first added to
3105-664: Is one of two official languages of Finland (the other being Swedish), and has been an official language of the European Union since 1995. However, the Finnish language did not have an official status in the country during the period of Swedish rule , which ended in 1809. After the establishment of the Grand Duchy of Finland , and against the backdrop of the Fennoman movement , the language obtained its official status in
3220-662: Is only available on digital platforms. It broadcasts the BBC World Service on all days of the week unless of special circumstances. The national service (branded simply as SBS Radio ) is available throughout the rest of the nation through FM broadcasting (except in Newcastle, where it is available on AM) and on the Viewer Access Satellite Television (VAST) satellite service, and is composed of material from Radios 1, 2 and 3. Additionally,
3335-746: Is popular) and the personal pronouns ( me: meitin ('we: our'), te: teitin ('you: your') and he: heitin ('they: their')). The South Ostrobothnian dialects ( eteläpohjalaismurteet ) are spoken in Southern Ostrobothnia . Their most notable feature is the pronunciation of "d" as a tapped or even fully trilled /r/ . The Central and North Ostrobothnian dialects ( keski- ja pohjoispohjalaismurteet ) are spoken in Central and Northern Ostrobothnia . The Lapland dialects ( lappilaismurteet ) are spoken in Lapland . The dialects spoken in
3450-629: Is spoken in the Norwegian counties of Troms and Finnmark by a minority of Finnish descent. Finnish is typologically agglutinative and uses almost exclusively suffixal affixation . Nouns , adjectives , pronouns , numerals and verbs are inflected depending on their role in the sentence . Sentences are normally formed with subject–verb–object word order, although the extensive use of inflection allows them to be ordered differently. Word order variations are often reserved for differences in information structure . Finnish orthography uses
3565-846: The 2CBA studios in Five Dock in Sydney, and in the Armstrong Audio Video studios in southern Melbourne. In May 1976, the Consultative Committee on Ethnic Broadcaster was founded to plan out the future of ethnic broadcasting. That same year, four new languages, Dutch , French , Polish and Romanian were added to 3EA's schedule; this pales in comparison to the nineteen languages added to 2EA's lineup, which included Armenian , Assyrian , Bangla , Czech , Dutch , Estonian , French , Gujarati , Hebrew , Hindi , Hungarian , Latvian , Lithuanian , Portuguese , Punjabi , Slovak , Tamil , Ukrainian and Urdu . It
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3680-547: The BBC Arabic programming. Notes: All languages broadcast on Radio 1 were available (with reduced hours) on the national FM service, as well as all languages on Radio 2, except Dari, Lao and Maltese. None of the languages which were broadcast on Radio 3 were available on analogue radio. SBS Radio began a trial of RDS (Radio Data System) in Sydney and Melbourne in November 2012. RDS provides "Now" and "Next" information for
3795-615: The Finnish Diet of 1863. Finnish also enjoys the status of an official minority language in Sweden . Under the Nordic Language Convention , citizens of the Nordic countries speaking Finnish have the opportunity to use their native language when interacting with official bodies in other Nordic countries without being liable to any interpretation or translation costs. However, concerns have been expressed about
3910-695: The UEFA Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland. Following "extensive community consultation" in 2003, SBS introduced a range of new programs, including services in Malay , Somali and Amharic – in addition to the expansion of many existing programs. In April 2013, SBS rolled out a major overhaul of its radio schedule . The last major review of the SBS Radio schedule had taken place in 1994, and since then Australia's demographics had changed significantly. With
4025-532: The Ural Mountains region and/or the bend of the middle Volga . The strong case for Proto-Uralic is supported by common vocabulary with regularities in sound correspondences, as well as by the fact that the Uralic languages have many similarities in structure and grammar. Despite having overlapping geographical distributions, Finnic languages and Sami languages are not closely related, and the hypothesis of
4140-513: The stem of a word and its grammatical ending in some cases, for example after acronyms , as in EU:ssa 'in the EU'. (This contrasts with some other alphabetic writing systems, which would use other symbols, such as e.g. apostrophe, hyphen.) Since suffixes play a prominent role in the language, this use of the colon is quite common. In the 19th century Johan Vilhelm Snellman and others began to stress
4255-501: The "SBSRadio" identifier and, if their radio permits, by RDS scrolling text on their FM-capable RDS radio. NOW and NEXT data was progressively added to all radio services in 2012 and 2013. This now/next data is displayed on FM RDS Radio (Melbourne/Sydney) and DAB+ receptions areas for radios that can display metadata. NOW and NEXT Radio schedule is also displayed on free-to-air Terrestrial Digital Television (DTV) program guides and on TiVo and TBox where applicable. SBS rolled out
4370-550: The 14-day rolling radio schedule over DTV television in November 2012. A radio event (or program) can be viewed and booked/recorded to PVR or the listener reminded. The schedule adapts to daylight saving changes as required. Following the Language Services Review in 2021, SBS re-introduced a range of new and existing programs in revised languages in November 2022. SBS on Demand is a video on demand and catch-up TV service run by SBS. In April 2016, SBS launched
4485-441: The 2021 census. Broadcast on Radio 1: Broadcast on Radio 2: Distributed via podcast: Radio 1 also broadcasts segments of SBS Chill, either to fill up schedule gaps or to replace a program in recess. A radio version of SBS World News also aired on Radio 1 and currently airs in podcast format. SBS Radio also broadcasts a variety of languages from BBC World Service and Deutsche Welle , as well as SBS Arabic24 also broadcasts
4600-529: The 2021 national census, intending on dropping the Albanian, Bulgarian, Finnish, Romanian, Slovak, and Slovenian programs, and replacing them with Bislama, Malay, Oromo, and Tetum. SBS also intends to recommit to its Telugu service, while also introducing new content directed at Afrikaans speakers through the Dutch program and new content for Hazaragi speakers through the Dari services. On 1 March 2023, SBS Radio became
4715-701: The 22 on 3EA, four languages, Bulgarian , Estonian , Hungarian , and Portuguese , were new additions. On 15 July 1977, 3ZZ was shut down by the Australian government. In November 1977, the Broadcasting and Television Act 1942 was amended to form the Special Broadcasting Service, which commenced operation and assumed responsibility for 2EA and 3EA on 1 January 1978. 3EA also found a new studio site at 35 Bank Street in South Melbourne. By 1978 both stations were broadcasting
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4830-638: The Alfred Deakin Building in Federation Square . Ten years later, a similar review was undertaken, introducing programs in Malayalam , Pashto , Swahili , Dinka , Hmong , and Tigrinya . On 20 November 2017, SBS Radio reorganized its radio service, which included dropping services in twelve languages that either weren't as widely spoken, or had communities who weren't in need of a dedicated service in their language, based on
4945-674: The Australian Ballet Centre. In the 1990s 2EA established a live feed to the Soviet space station MIR for a live broadcast with two of its cosmonauts, and with the fall of the Berlin Wall in October, 2EA also broadcast government proceedings from Berlin. Cook Islands Māori was added to both station's schedules, whereas Fijian , Kurdish , Samoan , and Tongan were added to 3EA. Samoan was later added to 2EA's schedule
5060-458: The Finnish dialects. The most important contributions to improving the status of Finnish were made by Elias Lönnrot . His impact on the development of modern vocabulary in Finnish was particularly significant. In addition to compiling the Kalevala , he acted as an arbiter in disputes about the development of standard Finnish between the proponents of western and eastern dialects, ensuring that
5175-711: The Melbourne radio schedule (See above for chronology of language additions) SBS Radio has three main radio services, Radio 1 , Radio 2 and Radio 3 , as well as a national FM service. Radio 1 is available on AM in Sydney, Melbourne, Canberra and Wollongong (1107, 1224, 1440 and 1485 respectively, and can also be listened to in FM on the SBS Audio app) while Radio 2 is available on FM in Sydney, Melbourne and Canberra (97.7, 93.1 and 105.5) and on AM in Wollongong (1035). Radio 3
5290-610: The SBS Chair. Following 9/11 a noted increase in news production was seen, and programs broadcast in Afghan languages had airtimes increased. In 2003 SBS underwent a historic review of its radio operations, dropping four languages, Irish Gaelic , Scots Gaelic , Welsh , and Belarusian , while introducing new programs in Amharic , Malay , Nepali , and Somali . At the same time, SBS Radio Melbourne relocated to its current premises in
5405-417: The SBS managing director, Shaun Brown , announced the corporation's desire to initiate in-show commercial breaks, in the same manner as the commercial television networks. He said that the move would raise $ 10 million in the first year, as he believes that SBS's current strategy of showing ads between programs "is unpopular with viewers". "On average we lose more than half our audience during these breaks – this
5520-725: The Transmission Services division (intended to manage transmission and self-help services). A New Media division, responsible for the SBS website, was established at the start of 2000 in time for the first webcast of the Australian Film Institute Awards . Ratings continued to increase through 2000 to 2001 – increasing to an overall 5.2% average weekly audience share. In April 2003, SBS Radio dropped four languages from its schedule, Irish, Scots Gaelic, Welsh, and Belarusian, and added four others, Amharic, Nepalese, Malay, and Somali, while increasing
5635-694: The United States. The majority of the population of Finland (90.37% as of 2010 ) speak Finnish as their first language . The remainder speak Swedish (5.42%), one of the Sámi languages (for example Northern , Inari , or Skolt ), or another language as their first language. Finnish is spoken as a second language in Estonia by about 167,000 people. The Finnic varities found in Norway's Finnmark (namely Kven ) and in northern Sweden (namely Meänkieli ) have
5750-668: The World Back Home". The network changed its name to simply SBS in February 1985 and soon began daytime transmissions. SBS also expanded to the cities of Brisbane , Adelaide , Newcastle , Wollongong and the Gold Coast in June of that year. On 5 January 1986, SBS ceased broadcasting on the VHF channel 0 frequency. Although many Australians at the time did not have UHF antennas, SBS's VHF licence had already been extended by
5865-785: The behest of Minister for Immigration Al Grassby , two "experimental" radio stations began broadcasting: 2EA in Sydney and 3EA in Melbourne (EA stood for "Ethnic Australia"), partly to publicise the Whitlam government's social policy changes to ethnic communities. In March 1976, the Fraser government established the Consultative Committee on Ethnic Broadcasting, followed by the National Ethnic Broadcasting Advisory Council in January 1977. Initially, it
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#17328014934335980-529: The border created between Sweden and Finland in 1809 when Russia annexed Finland. This caused the speakers of Meänkieli to be isolated from the developments of standard Finnish and instead be influenced by the Swedish language. However, it is still mutually integible with Finnish, and is thus sometimes considered a dialect of the Finnish language. The Kven language is spoken in Finnmark and Troms , in Norway. Its speakers are descendants of Finnish emigrants to
6095-609: The broadcast hours for Cantonese , Mandarin , and Arabic . SBS broadcast the 2004 Athens Olympics in partnership with the Seven Network . and also broadcast Euro 2008 in Austria and Switzerland. Tagalog , Vietnamese and Arabic language broadcasts were added to SBS's WorldWatch television schedule in 2003. However, the Vietnamese community protested the Vietnamese-language service, whose content
6210-416: The broadcasting time for both its stations, thus equally dividing broadcast languages into both AM and FM. The World Cup was also broadcast on FM, with the final also heard on the national service. Dari was soon added to SBS Radio Sydney, with Burmese and an African English program also available. The following year, a now-defunct English program known as "World View" was introduced, in conjunction with
6325-405: The channel became SBS Food. In June 2016, SBS announced that SBS 2 was set to be rebranded as SBS Viceland with content from US-Canadian youth Vice Media from November 2016. On 1 July 2019, SBS relaunched their former pay-TV movie channel, World Movies as SBS World Movies and it became a free-to-air channel. On 12 January 2022, SBS announced that a sixth free-to-air television channel, with
6440-448: The community radio station 4EB. Eleven new languages were also added to the two station's schedule; six, Cantonese , Indonesian , Khmer , Mandarin , Sinhala and Tamil on 3EA, and five, Danish , Fijian , Korean , Norwegian and Swedish on 2EA. The 1980s saw a new-look SBS executive board appointed, with former rugby captain and Lord Mayor of Sydney Sir Nicholas Shehadie as its Chair. Five new languages in total were added to
6555-514: The content. In May 2008, SBS unveiled a new-look logo as well as a new backronymic slogan: "Six Billion Stories and counting". On 8 May 2012, SBS received $ 158 million in government funding, of which $ 15 million would be used yearly, to fund the formation of a new free-to-air channel devoted to the indigenous peoples of Australia . which would replace the existing National Indigenous Television on 12 December 2012, with 90% of its staff transferring to this new channel. On 12 December 2012, NITV
6670-425: The country, on VAST, the internet and other platforms. These include: Discontinued digital radio services include: Slogans previously used include The many voices of one Australia , Six Billion Stories and Counting... and Seven Billion Stories and Counting...; with the current one being A World of Difference . As of November 2024, SBS Radio broadcasts in the following languages. All languages are available on
6785-404: The country. One is the "standard language" ( yleiskieli ), and the other is the " spoken language " ( puhekieli ). The standard language is used in formal situations like political speeches and newscasts. Its written form, the "book language" ( kirjakieli ), is used in nearly all written texts, not always excluding even the dialogue of common people in popular prose. The spoken language, on
6900-416: The current and pending program information. It is now available more broadly. The RDS PS on FM radio is "SBSRadio" where this service is available. SBS began broadcasting the SBS Radio EPG (14 Day) on digital television (DTV) in November 2012. Data is provided real time for DAB+ clients, and a forward schedule for DTV, by "Aim Rapid 2", from All In Media, see [www.digitalradioplus.com]. Pay television data
7015-478: The difference between saying "There's no children I'll leave it to" and "There are no children to whom I shall leave it"). More common is the intrusion of typically literary constructions into a colloquial discourse, as a kind of quote from written Finnish. It is quite common to hear book-like and polished speech on radio or TV, and the constant exposure to such language tends to lead to the adoption of such constructions even in everyday language. A prominent example of
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#17328014934337130-400: The early 1990s. In 2014, SBS revived its film distribution division as SBS Movies, which then teamed up with SBS' home video distributor Madman Entertainment . Both SBS and Madman released the 2016 American film Hell or High Water in Oceania. Finnish language Finnish ( endonym : suomi [ˈsuo̯mi] or suomen kieli [ˈsuo̯meŋ ˈkie̯li] ) is
7245-445: The effect of the standard language is the development of the consonant gradation form /ts : ts/ as in metsä : metsän , as this pattern was originally (1940) found natively only in the dialects of the southern Karelian isthmus and Ingria . It has been reinforced by the spelling "ts" for the dental fricative [θː] , used earlier in some western dialects. The spelling and the pronunciation this encourages however approximate
7360-483: The first subscription channel to launch was World Movies ; the channel focuses on independent international films. It was closed on 31 January 2018 but relaunched on free-to-air television on 1 July 2019. In April 2010, SBS launched Studio (previously marketed at as STVDIO); that channel focused on arts programming such as classical and popular music, literature, film, visual arts and dance with documentaries and performances. However, Studio closed down on 27 March 2015 and
7475-472: The following year. 1992 saw SBS attempt a restructuring of its staff, which resulted in a strike against the move. Filipino , New Zealand Maori , and Thai were added to 3EA, Persian-Farsi saw its debut on 2EA in 1992, with Dari added to 3EA's schedule the following year. By 1994 SBS had moved into its current premises in Artamon and had renamed 2EA and 3EA to SBS Radio Sydney and SBS Radio Melbourne. The availability of FM frequencies allowed SBS to double
7590-551: The formal. However, in signalling the former in writing, syncope and sandhi – especially internal – may occasionally amongst other characteristics be transcribed, e.g. menenpä → me(n)empä . This never occurs in the standard variety. he mene vät ne mene e "they go" loss of a number contrast on verbs in the 3rd person ( menee is 3rd person singular in the formal language) ( minä) o le n mä o o n "I am" or "I will be" and no pro-drop (i.e., personal pronouns are usually mandatory in
7705-446: The future status of Finnish in Sweden, for example, where reports produced for the Swedish government during 2017 show that minority language policies are not being respected, particularly for the 7% of Finns settled in the country. The Uralic family of languages, of which Finnish is a member, are hypothesized to derive from a single ancestor language termed Proto-Uralic , spoken sometime between 8,000 and 2,000 BCE (estimates vary) in
7820-434: The government set up the Ethnic Television Review Panel, which recommended that SBS should expand multilingual services into television. SBS TV began test transmissions in April 1979 when it showed various foreign language programs on ABV-2 Melbourne and ABN-2 Sydney on Sunday mornings. Full-time transmission began on a new television channel at 6:30 pm on 24 October 1980 ( United Nations Day ). The first program shown
7935-406: The grammatical and phonological changes also include the most common pronouns and suffixes, which amount to frequent but modest differences. Some sound changes have been left out of the formal language. For example, irregular verbs have developed in the spoken language as a result of the elision of sonorants in some verbs of the Type III class (with subsequent vowel assimilation ), but only when
8050-436: The half-hour World News Australia and World Sport programs. In-show advertising commenced on 9 October 2006 during the 7.30 pm broadcast of MythBusters . Former SBS television services are SBS Essential (LCN 31, sporting events, and other digital-only projects, when available) and SBS World News Channel (LCN 32, foreign news service). In 1995, SBS launched a new division called SBS Subscription TV. In October 1995,
8165-470: The language, which he based on Swedish, German, and Latin. The Finnish standard language still relies on his innovations with regard to spelling, though Agricola used less systematic spelling than is used today. Though Agricola's intention was that each phoneme (and allophone under qualitative consonant gradation ) should correspond to one letter, he failed to achieve this goal in various respects. For example, k , c , and q were all used for
8280-415: The main cultural and political centres. The standard language, however, has always been a consciously constructed medium for literature. It preserves grammatical patterns that have mostly vanished from the colloquial varieties and, as its main application is writing, it features complex syntactic patterns that are not easy to handle when used in speech. The colloquial language develops significantly faster, and
8395-411: The modern-day eastern Finnish dialects, Veps, Karelian, and Ingrian) formed genitive plural nouns via plural stems (e.g., eastern Finnish kalojen < * kaloi -ten ), the western dialects of Proto-Finnic (today's Estonian, Livonian and western Finnish varieties) used the non-plural stems (e.g., Est. kalade < * kala -ten ). Another defining characteristic of the east–west split
8510-624: The most part, the dialects operate on the same phonology and grammar. There are only marginal examples of sounds or grammatical constructions specific to some dialect and not found in standard Finnish. Two examples are the voiced dental fricative found in the Rauma dialect , and the Eastern exessive case . The Southwest Finnish dialects ( lounaissuomalaismurteet ) are spoken in Southwest Finland and Satakunta . Their typical feature
8625-620: The national census that was conducted by the government the previous year. These languages include Cook Islands Maori, Fijian, Kannada, Norwegian, Swedish, Tongan, the African-centred English program, as well as Danish, Latvian, Lithuanian, Malay, Maori, whose programs were in recess at the time of the reorganisation. Seven new languages were subsequently introduced in podcast form, including Hakha Chin, Karen, Kirundi, Mongolian, Rohingya, Telugu, and Tibetan. In November 2022, SBS once again reorganised their radio services based on
8740-536: The national service unless otherwise noted. On 20 November 2017, SBS Radio reorganized, dropping of services in twelve languages that either weren't as widely spoken, or had communities who weren't in need of a dedicated service in their language, based on the 2016 census. In those languages' places, however, were seven new languages introduced after the review, but due to lack of airtime, none of these services are available on radio as of November 2024. SBS Radio re-organized its radio service again in November 2022, based on
8855-419: The need to improve the status of Finnish. Ever since the days of Mikael Agricola, written Finnish had been used almost exclusively in religious contexts, but now Snellman's Hegelian nationalistic ideas of Finnish as a fully-fledged national language gained considerable support. Concerted efforts were made to improve the status of the language and to modernize it, and by the end of the century Finnish had become
8970-418: The new schedule SBS intends to better reflect Australia's ethnic composition. With the addition of six new languages: Malayalam , Dinka , Hmong , Pashto , Swahili and Tigrinya , SBS has brought the total number of languages from 68 to 74. SBS rolled out a trial of RDS (Radio Data System) in the Melbourne and Sydney broadcast areas in November 2012. Radio listeners can identify the SBS Radio service by
9085-403: The new station. SBS programming content was initially imported from the suppliers in the countries-of-origin of Australia's major migrant communities and then subtitled into English. In October–November 1983, the service expanded to service the centres of Canberra , Cooma and Goulburn , subsequently changing its name to Network 0–28. Its new slogan was the eventual long-running "Bringing
9200-453: The original pronunciation, still reflected in e.g. Karelian /čč : č/ ( meččä : mečän ). In the spoken language, a fusion of Western /tt : tt/ ( mettä : mettän ) and Eastern /ht : t/ ( mehtä : metän ) has resulted in /tt : t/ ( mettä : metän ). Neither of these forms are identifiable as, or originate from, a specific dialect. The orthography of informal language follows that of
9315-616: The other hand, is the main variety of Finnish used in popular TV and radio shows and at workplaces, and may be preferred to a dialect in personal communication. Standard Finnish is prescribed by the Language Office of the Research Institute for the Languages of Finland and is the language used in official communication. The Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish ( Nykysuomen sanakirja 1951–61), with 201,000 entries,
9430-447: The phoneme / k / . Likewise, he alternated between dh and d to represent the allophonic [ ð ] (like th in English this ), between dh and z to represent / θː / (like th in thin , but longer in duration), and between gh and g to represent the allophonic [ ɣ ] . Agricola did not consistently represent vowel length in his orthography. Others revised Agricola's work later, striving for
9545-523: The platform and the location: for example, digital radio and television in Brisbane largely followed scheduling in Sydney, while digital radio and television in Adelaide and Perth largely followed scheduling in Melbourne. SBS has some additional digital-only services. These are available on digital radio in Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth and Canberra; on digital terrestrial TV throughout
9660-530: The radio services were expanded to cover Hobart and Canberra , while SBS TV 's coverage was further expanded to include the New South Wales North Coast and the town of Albury . Comedy Central 's South Park , SBS's most successful imported television series, was first aired in 1997. A time-delay system was installed for South Australia in May 1999, shortly before the establishment of
9775-746: The region in the 18th and 19th centuries. Kven is an official minority language in Norway. The Eastern dialects consist of the widespread Savonian dialects ( savolaismurteet ) spoken in Savo and nearby areas, and the South-Eastern dialects now spoken only in Finnish South Karelia . The South Karelian dialects ( eteläkarjalaismurteet ) were previously also spoken on the Karelian Isthmus and in Ingria . The Karelian Isthmus
9890-401: The second syllable of the word is short. The result is that some forms in the spoken language are shortened, e.g. tule-n → tuu-n ('I come'), while others remain identical to the standard language hän tulee "he comes", never * hän tuu ). However, the longer forms such as tule can be used in spoken language in other forms as well. The literary language certainly still exerts
10005-669: The station's 20th anniversary. In 1996, SBS would secure an exclusive scoop on how five Australians were murdered in East Timor, with the network itself soon securing an interview with Nobel Laureate Jose Ramos Horta . In 1999, in light of the Kosovar crisis in the Balkans, SBS temporarily increased the broadcast times of the Albanian program to cater for the influx of Kosovar refugees who were coming to Australia. In December, fashionista Carla Zampatti replaced Sir Nicholas Shehadie as
10120-435: The station's lineup, three in Melbourne and two in Sydney. The decade also saw the 1982 World Cup being broadcast on the airwaves, with live commentary of some matches broadcast in several languages. Sinhalese was added to 2EA's schedule, whereas Lao and an Aboriginal-centred program was added to 3EA. Talkback was also introduced and several English programs were discontinued on 3EA to allow airtime for other languages. Khmer
10235-478: The stations were to inform ethnic communities about proposed changes in the healthcare system via the new Medibank scheme. By the end of the year the two stations were broadcasting in Arabic , Cantonese , Croatian , German , Greek , Hebrew , Italian , Latvian , Lithuanian , Macedonian , Maltese , Mandarin , Polish , Russian , Serbian , Slovenian , Spanish , and Turkish . Studios were first located at
10350-636: The status of official minority languages, and thus can be considered distinct languages from Finnish. However, since these languages are mutually intelligible , one may alternatively view them as dialects of the same language . No language census exists for Norway, neither for Kven, standard Finnish, or combined. As of 2023, 7,454 first- or second-generation immigrants from Finland were registered as having Norwegian residency, while as of 2021, 235 Finns were registered as foreigners studying at Norwegian higher education. Great Norwegian Encyclopedia estimates Kven speakers at 2,000-8,000. Altogether, this results in
10465-465: The travel journal, the words are those of a Finnish bishop whose name is unknown. The erroneous use of gelen (Modern Finnish kielen ) in the accusative case, rather than kieltä in the partitive, and the lack of the conjunction mutta are typical of foreign speakers of Finnish even today. At the time, most priests in Finland spoke Swedish . During the Middle Ages, when Finland
10580-521: The two cities. On 12 May 1975, the ABC established 3ZZ in Melbourne, which broadcast predominantly in languages other than English. After some months of planning, on 9 June 1975, 2EA (EA standing for Ethnic Australia), opened in Sydney by Al Grassby, with the first language heard on 2EA being Greek. Not long afterwards, on 23 June 3EA opened in Melbourne. Both stations operated under 3-month temporary licenses, with 42 hour per week schedules in seven and eight languages, respectively. The initial purposes of
10695-422: The two standard languages being not mutually intelligible. Finnish demonstrates an affiliation with other Uralic languages (such as Hungarian and Sami languages ) in several respects including: Several theories exist as to the geographic origin of Finnish and the other Uralic languages. The most widely held view is that they originated as a Proto-Uralic language somewhere in the boreal forest belt around
10810-499: The use of Finnish through parish clerk schools, the use of Swedish in church, and by having Swedish-speaking servants and maids move to Finnish-speaking areas. The first comprehensive writing system for Finnish was created by Mikael Agricola , a Finnish bishop, in the 16th century. He based his writing system on the western dialects . Agricola's ultimate plan was to translate the Bible , but first he had to develop an orthography for
10925-492: The vicinity of the Ural Mountains . Over time, Proto-Uralic split into various daughter languages , which themselves continued to change and diverge, yielding yet more descendants. One of these descendants is the reconstructed Proto-Finnic , from which the Finnic languages developed. Current models assume that three or more Proto-Finnic dialects evolved during the first millennium BCE. These dialects were defined geographically, and were distinguished from one another along
11040-626: The western dialects preferred by Agricola retained their preeminent role, while many originally dialect words from Eastern Finland were introduced to the standard language, thus enriching it considerably. The first novel written in Finnish (and by a Finnish speaker) was Seven Brothers ( Seitsemän veljestä ), published by Aleksis Kivi in 1870. The dialects of Finnish are divided into two distinct groups, Western and Eastern. The dialects are largely mutually intelligible and are distinguished from each other by changes in vowels, diphthongs and rhythm, as well as in preferred grammatical constructions. For
11155-403: The western parts of Lapland are recognizable by retention of old "h" sounds in positions where they have disappeared from other dialects. One form of speech related to Northern dialects, Meänkieli , which is spoken on the Swedish side of the border is recognized in Sweden as its own distinct language, having its own standardized language separate from Finnish. This form of speech developed from
11270-596: The working title SBS WorldWatch , would be launched in 2022. The channel would be free to air and would broadcast all foreign-language bulletins currently broadcast on SBS and SBS Viceland, and new locally-produced news bulletins in Arabic and Mandarin Chinese in prime time. The Arabic and Mandarin bulletins launched on 15 February 2022 through SBS On Demand , while the official trailer for the SBS WorldWatch channel
11385-520: Was Grisha Sklovsky, and the inaugural executive director was Ronald Fowell. The service was initially a radio network, and had oversight only of the two existing stations 2EA and 3EA. It was always intended that it would be enlarged, but this process was controversial – the Federation of Australian Commercial Television Stations wanted the television functions to be controlled by the ABC. In March 1979,
11500-496: Was a prescriptive dictionary that defined official language. An additional volume for words of foreign origin ( Nykysuomen sivistyssanakirja , 30,000 entries) was published in 1991. An updated dictionary, The New Dictionary of Modern Finnish ( Kielitoimiston sanakirja ) was published in an electronic form in 2004 and in print in 2006. A descriptive grammar (the Large grammar of Finnish , Iso suomen kielioppi , 1,600 pages)
11615-412: Was a documentary entitled Who Are We? , which was hosted by veteran news presenter Peter Luck. At the time, SBS was broadcasting on UHF Channel 28 and VHF Channel 0 (pronounced as "oh" and not "zero"), with a planned discontinuation of the latter at some time in the future. Bruce Gyngell , who introduced television to Australia in 1956 , was given the task of introducing the first batch of programs on
11730-532: Was also added to 2EA's schedule. In August 1986, the government proposed legislation that would amalgamate SBS into the ABC. This was highly unpopular with ethnic-minority communities, and caused protests from both SBS staff and communities, resulting in the Prime Minister of Australia , Bob Hawke , to announce in 1987 that the proposed amalgamation would not proceed. One year later 2EA entered new facilities in Bondi Junction, with 3EA moving to premises in
11845-408: Was also around this time that the two stations had ceased to be known as "experimental stations", and that they had become permanent. During 1977, programming and language coverage expanded to 119 hours per week in 33 languages on 2EA and 103 hours per week in 22 languages on 3EA. Of the 33 languages on 2EA, three languages, Finnish , Romanian , and Vietnamese , had only been added that year, and of
11960-610: Was considered feasible for ethnic broadcasting to be delivered by the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC); however, this plan was abandoned in mid-1977. In October 1977, the government announced the creation of SBS as a new independent statutory authority for ethnic broadcasting. This was achieved as a result of an amendment to the Broadcasting Act 1942 . SBS formally came into existence on 1 January 1978. The inaugural Chair of SBS
12075-525: Was evacuated during World War II and refugees were resettled all over Finland. Most Ingrian Finns were deported to various interior areas of the Soviet Union. Palatalization , a common feature of Uralic languages, had been lost in the Finnic branch, but it has been reacquired by most of these languages, including Eastern Finnish, but not Western Finnish. In Finnish orthography, this is denoted with
12190-497: Was officially opened on 10 November 1993 by the prime minister, Paul Keating , and a national radio network was launched in January 1994. The new service initially covered Brisbane, Adelaide , Perth , and Darwin, while original stations 2EA and 3EA were renamed Radio Sydney and Radio Melbourne respectively. However, the new national service was launched on a separate frequency in Sydney and Melbourne in July of that year. Throughout 1996,
12305-545: Was published in 2004. There is also an etymological dictionary, Suomen sanojen alkuperä , published in 1992–2000, and a handbook of contemporary language ( Nykysuomen käsikirja ). Standard Finnish is used in official texts and is the form of language taught in schools. Its spoken form is used in political speech, newscasts, in courts, and in other formal situations. Nearly all publishing and printed works are in standard Finnish. The colloquial language has mostly developed naturally from earlier forms of Finnish, and spread from
12420-475: Was re-launched as an SBS-operated free-to-air channel, replacing SBS4. SBS is a supporter of same-sex marriage and pulled an anti-same-sex marriage advertisement ahead of its telecast of the Sydney Gay and Lesbian Mardi Gras . Then managing director, Michael Ebeid , defended SBS's position on the issue. On 17 November 2015, the new food channel, SBS Food Network , was launched. On 17 November 2018,
12535-483: Was released six days later, which announced the launch date of 23 May. Regardless of state or territory, SBS television services always use the callsign "SBS". On 14 December 2006, SBS announced its intention to change to 720p as its high-definition transmission standard for SBS HD . SBS had previously down converted its scheduled SBS high-definition content to the 576p standard. On 5 June 2012, SBS upgraded its HD format from 720p to 1080i . On 1 June 2006,
12650-417: Was replaced by Foxtel Arts . SBS Radio broadcasts in 74 languages in all Australian states, producing an estimated 13,500 hours of Australian programming for its two frequencies in Sydney and Melbourne as well as for its national network. Much like SBS TV , SBS radio receives funding from a mix of government grants, paid-for government information campaigns and commercial advertising. SBS Radio broadcast
12765-523: Was soon launched in 1988 with founding conductor Matthew Krel . Plans to introduce limited commercial-program sponsorship, as well as the establishment of SBS as an independent corporation with its own charter, were put in place in July 1989. A program called Eat Carpet , showcasing local and international short films, was also launched in 1989. The formation of the Special Broadcasting Service Act 1991 officially made SBS
12880-588: Was taken from VTV4 , Vietnam 's government-controlled national broadcaster. They found the portrayal of the communist Vietnamese flag and Ho Chi Minh offensive and stated that the program's lack of reporting on political arrests and religious oppression was also offensive, especially to those who had fled the country following the Vietnam War . This backlash prompted SBS to remove the bulletin from schedule and from then on to display disclaimers before all externally produced bulletins in order to distance it from
12995-541: Was the primary production unit of SBS programming, which existed from August 1994 to December 2007. At the end of 2007, SBS independent was merged with the SBS Content and Online Division. The SBS Youth Orchestra was an Australian premier youth orchestra, founded in 1988 by the now late Matthew Krel . It was disbanded in 2013. An online platform that celebrates "the diversity of sexuality in Australia and its multicultural communities". SBS used to distribute films in
13110-543: Was the use of the reflexive suffix -(t)te , used only in the eastern dialects. The birch bark letter 292 from the early 13th century is the first known document in any Finnic language . The first known written example of Finnish itself is found in a German travel journal dating back to c. 1450 : Mÿnna tachton gernast spuho sommen gelen Emÿna daÿda (Modern Finnish: " Minä tahdon kernaasti puhua suomen kielen, [mutta] en minä taida; " English: "I want to speak Finnish, [but] I am not able to"). According to
13225-562: Was under Swedish rule , Finnish was only spoken . At the time, the language of international commerce was Middle Low German , the language of administration Swedish , and religious ceremonies were held in Latin . This meant that Finnish speakers could use their mother tongue only in everyday life. Finnish was considered inferior to Swedish, and Finnish speakers were second-class members of society because they could not use their language in any official situations. There were even efforts to reduce
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