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41-539: Liu Yin was named regional governor and military officer by the Tang court in 905. Though the Tang fell two years later, Liu did not declare himself the founder of a new kingdom as other southern leaders had done. He merely inherited the title of Prince of Nanping in 909. It was not until Liu Yin's death in 917 that his brother, Liu Yan , declared the founding of a new kingdom, which he initially called "Yue" ( 越 ); he changed

82-548: A large amount of biodiversity . There are many species of animals and more than 3,000 species of plants. The city flower is the Jaba flower , an evergreen shrub, and the city tree is the almond tree which is regarded as the backbone tree used for greening and landscaping throughout the city. Nanning is located in the southern part of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 160 km (99 mi) from

123-462: A very popular and cheap favorite street food for all meals (breakfast, lunch and dinner) in Nanning. The dish, Lemon duck , is originally from Nanning. Nanning is close to scenic Guilin , with its world-famous hillscape, northern and western Guangxi and its minority villages, and the border with Vietnam in the south. Tourist attractions in Nanning include Guangxi Museum , People's Park with

164-595: A year and snowfall is virtually unheard of in the city, with a single exception since 1900: in December 1975 snow fell on the city albeit without sticking to the ground. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −2.1 to 40.4 °C (28 to 105 °F). With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 15 percent in March to 51 percent in September, the city receives 1,579 hours of bright sunshine annually. Nanning

205-459: Is twinned with: As of the 2020 Chinese census , Nanning had a population of 8,741,584, of which 5,293,359 live in its built-up ( or metro ) area made of 6 urban districts, Wuming District not being conurbated yet. Nanning is a city in which Zhuang ethnic group live in compact communities. Thirty-five ethnic groups live in compact communities in Nanning, including people of Zhuang, Han , Yao , Hui , Miao , Dong, and Man minorities. Nanning

246-622: Is known for its Nanning Rail Transit (NNRT), expected to comprise a total of nine lines. The first was completed and put into operation in June 2016, the second began operation in December 2017. Line 3 began operation in 2019, and Line 4 began operation in 2020. Line 1 connects the East and West of Nanning, linking the financial and political center and the academic and research center of Nanning. Nanning has two major railway stations: Nanning railway station and Nanning East railway station . The latter one

287-574: Is newer and also the main destination of high-speed trains. A third, Nanning North railway station , is set to open in 2023 with the Guiyang–Nanning high-speed railway . Nanning railway station is a railway junction for the Nanning–Kunming , Nanning–Guangzhou and Hunan–Guangxi Railways . There are also plans to build a high-speed railway to Pingxiang on the Vietnamese border. The goal

328-541: Is the World Trade Commerce City at 218 meters. The city currently has seven buildings taller than 100 m (330 ft), built or under construction. Nanning has many parks with tropical lush green landscape, it is one of the "greenest" cities in China, and it's known as "Green City"( 绿城 ). Nanning's downtown skyline is rapidly changing and the city is becoming an important hub in China. Recently,

369-654: Is the center of science and technology, education, culture and health in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. There are altogether 54 scientific research institutes subordinate to districts. 10 colleges and 50 trade schools are training specialised personnel of all kinds. Now there are 62 mass cultural organizations, 13 performing groups, 8 cinemas, 285 projecting units, over 70 karaoke halls and over 1000 newsstands. Bookshops and cultural markets can be found everywhere. Nanning has not only local cuisine but also food from other areas of China and abroad. Traditional food culture can be found around most streets of Nanning. Nanning food shares

410-510: Is to better integrate Pan- Pearl River Delta and southeast China with members of the ASEAN . At the end of 2013, some high-speed service has been introduced on the Hunan–Guangxi railway and on the railway line that connects Nanning with Beihai (as well as its branch to Fangchenggang ). Guangxi is also a conjunction of Guangzhou-Guiyang Highspeed Rail. Nanning's warm climate gives it

451-532: The temple name of Liezong (烈宗) by his younger brother Liu Yan , was a warlord late in the Chinese Tang dynasty and Tang's succeeding dynasty Later Liang of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period , who ruled Qinghai Circuit (清海, headquartered in modern Guangzhou , Guangdong ) as its military governor ( Jiedushi ). It was on the basis of his rule that Liu Yan was later able to establish

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492-648: The 2006 World Robotics Olympiad. Nanning has jurisdiction over 7 districts , 1 county-level city , 4 counties , and 6 development zones. Development Zones: Nanning is home of the 21st tallest building in the People's Republic of China, the Diwang International Commerce Center , at 276 m (906 ft), currently the tallest building in Guangxi and in southwestern China outside Chongqing . The second tallest building in Nanning

533-507: The Prince of Dapeng. In 908, Ma Yin the Prince of Chu to the north of Qinghai, sent his officer Lü Shizhou (呂師周) to attack Qinghai, capturing six prefectures (Zhao (昭州, in modern Guilin , Guangxi ), He (賀州, in modern Hezhou , Guangxi ), Wu (梧州, in modern Wuzhou , Guangxi ), Meng (蒙州, in modern Wuzhou), Gong (龔州, in modern Guigang , Guangxi ), and Fu (富州, in modern Hezhou)) from Qinghai. Also in 908, Later Liang's Emperor Taizu sent

574-498: The affairs of the circuit to Liu. When Xu himself died in 901, he left a will recommending Liu as the acting military governor. Emperor Zhaozong subsequently commissioned Cui Yuan , but when Cui reached Jiangling , he heard that Qinghai was overrun by bandits and also feared that Liu would not yield authority to him, and therefore requested recall to the imperial government; Emperor Zhaozong agreed and did so, but did not name Liu military governor at that time. In 902, Lu Guangchou

615-506: The border with Vietnam . It has an administrative area of 22,293 km (8,607 sq mi). Nanning is situated in a hilly basin with elevations between 70 and 500 m (230 and 1,640 ft) above sea-level. Qingxiu Mountain dominates the southern part of town. Nanning has a warm, humid subtropical climate ( Köppen Cfa ), It borders the subtropical monsoon climate ( Köppen Cwa ).with an annual mean temperature of 22.3 °C (72.1 °F). Summers are hot and humid with July,

656-622: The circuit. Nanning Nanning is the capital of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China . It is known as the "Green City (绿城) " because of its abundance of lush subtropical foliage . Located in the South of Guangxi, Nanning is surrounded by a hilly basin, with a warm, monsoon -influenced humid subtropical climate . Beginning in 1949, as it underwent sustained industrial growth, Nanning's economy began developing beyond its former role, and

697-521: The city became essentially a commercial and administrative centre. Today, Nanning is considered the economic, financial and cultural center of Guangxi, and the chief centre for the training of the Zhuang minority in Guangxi. The People's Park is located in the center of the city. The city also serves as a gateway for the China-ASEAN opening up and cooperation. As of 2024, Nanning is ranked one of

738-599: The domains of the kingdom spread along the coastal regions of present-day Guangdong , Guangxi and the island of Hainan . It had borders with the kingdoms of Min , Chu and the Southern Tang as well as the non-Chinese kingdoms of Dali . The Southern Tang occupied all of the northern boundary of the Southern Han after Min and Chu were conquered by the Southern Tang in 945 and 951 respectively. During

779-769: The first year of Taiding period of Yuan dynasty (AD1318), Yongzhou was renamed Nanning, meaning the Pacified South. Nanning was once the territory of the Baiyue people and became the capital of Jinxing Prefecture which was separated from Yulin Prefecture of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. In 1076 during the Lý–Song War Yongshou was besieged by Lý forces. Under the leadership of Su Jian, the garrison held out for forty-two days before succumbing. The city

820-431: The government has begun a citywide beautification plan which aimed to further clean up the city and improve its image. This involved curtailing the number of street-side food vendors operating without proper licenses and restricting parking in busy streets. The program has achieved initial success, long-term efforts are still needed to deliver lasting results. Nanning's GDP in 2015 was 341 billion RMB. The GDP per capita

861-478: The guise that he was going to go to Duan Prefecture to marry Tan's daughter, ambushed Tan and killed him. He then attacked Guang Prefecture and killed Lu, and then welcomed Li to Guang Prefecture to take command. Li commissioned Liu as the commander of the Qinghai army (行軍司馬, Xingjun Sima ). In 898, Zeng Gun (曾袞) the prefect of Shao Prefecture (邵州, in modern Shaoguan , Guangdong ) attacked Guang Prefecture, and

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902-421: The hottest month, having a 24-hour average temperature of 28.5 °C (83.3 °F). Winters are mild and somewhat damp with January, the coolest month, averaging 13.3 °C (55.9 °F). From February to August, rain is most frequent and relative humidity consistently averages above 80 percent; the annual rainfall is 1,269 millimetres (50.0 in). The area is also frost -free for all but 3 or 4 days

943-572: The late 9th century as the Tang dynasty weakened, local Vietnamese lords began taking control of its domain in Jinghai (northern Vietnam). Southern Han campaigned twice against the Vietnamese in 931 and 938 in an attempt to add these Vietnamese territories to their realm, but failed both. The Five Dynasties ended in 960 when the Song dynasty was founded to replace the Later Zhou . From that point,

984-467: The name to Han ( 漢 ) in 918. This was because his surname Liu ( 劉 ) was the imperial surname of the Han dynasty and he claimed to be a descendant of that famous dynasty. The kingdom is often referred to as the Southern Han dynasty throughout China's history. It attempted but failed to annex the independent polity of Jinghai which was controlled by the Vietnamese. With its capital at present-day Guangzhou ,

1025-791: The new Song rulers set themselves about to continue the reunification process set in motion by the Later Zhou. Through the 960s and 970s, the Song increased its influence in the south until finally it was able to force the Southern Han dynasty to submit to its rule in 971. Liu Yan ( 劉龑 liú yǎn ) after 926 Bailong ( 白龍 bái lóng ) 925–928 Dayou ( 大有 dà yǒu ) 928–941 Too tedious thus not used when referring to this sovereign Qianhe ( 乾和 qiàn hé ) 943–958 Liu Yin (Southern Han) Liu Yin (劉隱) (874 – 4 April 911 ), formally Prince Xiang of Nanhai (南海襄王), later further posthumously honored Emperor Xiang (襄皇帝) with

1066-694: The officials Zhao Guangyi (趙光裔) and Li Yinheng (李殷衡) as emissaries to Liu to commission him as the military governor of both Qinghai and Jinghai (靜海, headquartered in modern Hanoi , Vietnam ) Circuits. Liu accepted the commissions but then detained Zhao and Li and did not permit them to return to the Later Liang court. In 909, Emperor Taizu created Liu the Prince of Nanping. In or sometime before 910, Liu Yin had sent Liu Yan to attack Ningyuan Circuit (寧遠, headquartered in modern Yulin, Guangxi ), which consisted of its capital Rong Prefecture (容州) and Gao Prefecture (高州, in modern Maoming , Guangdong ) and which

1107-667: The prefect of Feng Prefecture. In 896, a new military governor of the circuit (which had been renamed Qinghai by that point), Li Zhirou the Prince of Xue, commissioned by then-reigning Emperor Zhaozong (Emperor Xizong's brother and successor), was reporting to Qinghai. Instead of preparing to welcome him, however, the Qinghai officers Lu Ju (盧琚) and Tan Hongqi (譚弘玘) instead prepared to resist him and took up defensive positions, with Tan defending Duan Prefecture (端州, in modern Zhaoqing). Tan tried to enter an alliance with Liu Yin to defend against Li, and promised to give his daughter to Liu in marriage. Liu pretended to agree, but instead, under

1148-413: The prefect of Qian Prefecture (虔州, in modern Ganzhou , Jiangxi ) attacked Qinghai Circuit and captured Shao Prefecture and put Chao Prefecture (潮州, in modern Chaozhou , Guangdong ) under siege, Liu defeated him and tried to recapture Shao. Liu Yan advised him not to, pointing out that Lu's army was still strong, but Liu Yin did not listen to him and attacked Shao anyway. At that time, the water level on

1189-634: The river was high, and Liu Yin was not able to get food supplies to the army on time. A counterattack by Lu and his officer Tan Quanbo defeated him and forced his withdrawal, allowing Lu to retain Shao. In 904, by which time the powerful warlord Zhu Quanzhong the military governor of Xuanwu Circuit (宣武, headquartered in modern Kaifeng , Henan ) was in effective control of the imperial government, having assassinated Emperor Zhaozong and replaced him with his son Emperor Ai , Liu Yin bribed Zhu and requested to be commissioned military governor. Zhu agreed, and Liu

1230-510: The state of Southern Han . Liu Yin was born in 874, during the reign of Emperor Xizong of Tang . His father, whose name was variously referred to as Liu Qian or Liu Zhiqian , was a low-level officer at Guang Prefecture (廣州), the capital of Qinghai (then known as Lingnan East Circuit (嶺南東道)). His mother Lady Wei was a niece to Lingnan East's then-military governor Wei Zhou (韋宙). Liu Qian eventually came to control Feng Prefecture (封州, in modern Zhaoqing , Guangdong ) as its prefect. Liu Yin

1271-587: The style of Cantonese food and of Southeast Asia. Chinese cuisine including Guangdong, Sichuan , Hunan and Jiangsu as well as Japanese , Thai and Western cuisines can be found. Rice noodles are very popular among the Nanning people. Laoyou rice noodles are the most famous, while other noodle dishes such as Guilin rice noodles and hand made noodles can be found. Laoyou rice noodles (means old friend rice noodles) are made of fry up pepper, sour bamboo shoots, black beans and garlic, then pork, and then soup and rice noodles. The sour-spicy tasting noodles are

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1312-464: The top 200 science cities in the world by scientific research outputs, as tracked by the Nature Index . The city is home to several notable universities , including Guangxi University , Guangxi Medical University , Guangxi University for Nationalities , Guangxi University of Finance and Economics and Guangxi Arts University . Nanning, an ancient city with a long history and rich culture,

1353-483: Was $ 7,844. Foreign exports in 2007 were US$ 10 billion. Foreign fixed asset investment was 34.3 billion RMB. Nanning has six development zones and industrial parks, three of which accounted for 6 billion RMB of Nanning's GDP, more than 8 percent of Nanning's total. Mineral resources include gold, iron, manganese, aluminum, quartz, silver, indium, coal, marble, and granite with a third of China's different types of mineral resources found in Nanning. Nanning Metro system

1394-528: Was captured by the Communist Party. in January 1950, Nanning municipality was set up, and identified as the capital city of Guangxi on 8 February of the same year; in March 1958, the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region was established, and Nanning municipality was the capital city. Nanning served as host for the annual China– ASEAN Expo (CASEAN Expo) which began in 2004. The city was also the venue for

1435-517: Was his oldest son, and he had two younger ones, Liu Tai (劉台), also born of Lady Wei, and Liu Yan , born of his concubine Lady Duan. (Lady Wei had killed Lady Duan out of a jealous rage after finding out about Lady Duan, whom Liu Qian had kept in a house away from their mansion. When Liu Qian subsequently buried Lady Duan, at her burial location was a stone tablet that bore the characters of Yin , Tai , and Yan , and he used those characters to name his three sons.) In 894, Liu Qian died, and Liu Yin

1476-657: Was joined by the Guang Prefecture officer Wang Gui (王瓌, who commanded a fleet). Liu Yin defeated them, and when the Shao Prefecture officer Liu Tong (劉潼) subsequently attacked Zhen (湞州) and Han (浛州) (both in modern Qingyuan , Guangdong ), Liu defeated and killed him. In 900, Emperor Zhaozong commissioned the chancellor Xu Yanruo to replace Li Zhirou as military governor of Qinghai, but before Xu could get to Qinghai, Li died. When Xu arrived at Qinghai, he made Liu his deputy military governor and entrusted

1517-425: Was observing a period of mourning when it was said that a group of about 100 soldiers and civilians were planning a disturbance. Liu Yin slaughtered them. Thereafter, then-military governor of Lingnan East, Liu Chonggui (劉崇龜), made him a Lingnan East officer and gave him one of the titles that Liu Qian held, the defender of Heshui Base (賀水鎮, in modern Nanning , Guangxi ). Shortly after, Liu Chonggui commissioned him

1558-561: Was part of Baiyue ethnic groups in the ancient time. In the first year of Daxing period of Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 318), Jinxing County, established here as one of the county towns, ushered a history of 1700 years of Nanning organizational system. During the Zhenguan period of Tang dynasty (AD 632), it was renamed Yong prefecture (Yongzhou) and established Yongzhou government seat, which is why it has been called Yong ( 邕 ) for short. In

1599-672: Was razed to the ground and its people massacred by Lý dynasty . In the Yuan dynasty in 1324, it was renamed Nanning Lu (Nanning Circuit) of Yongzhou. Historically, Nanning was famous for trade, and had permanent business offices from other areas in China since the Song dynasty . In the Ming dynasty Nanning developed into an economic center of the Zuo River and the You River with the reputation of "Little Nanjing ". On 4 December 1949, Nanning

1640-406: Was subsequently given the military governorship. In 905, Emperor Ai bestowed the honorary chancellor designation of Tong Zhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi (同中書門下平章事) on Liu Yin. In 907, Zhu Quanzhong forced Emperor Ai to yield the throne to him, ending Tang and starting a new Later Liang as its Emperor Taizu. He gave Liu Yin the greater honorary chancellor title of Shizhong (侍中) and created him

1681-440: Was then governed by Pang Juzhao (龐巨昭), but Liu Yan was defeated by Pang. Still, believing that he could not prevail over Liu Yin, Pang surrendered Ningyuan to Chu in 910. Ma stationed his general Yao Yanzhang at Rong Prefecture. Later in the year, Emperor Taizu created Liu Yin the Prince of Nanhai. In 911, Liu Yin fell ill. He submitted a recommendation that Liu Yan succeed him, and then died. Subsequently, Liu Yan took over

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