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49-756: The Sovnarkom of the RSFSR was founded in the Russian Republic soon after the October Revolution in 1917 and its role was formalized in the 1918 Constitution of the RSFSR to be responsible to the Congress of Soviets of the RSFSR for the "general administration of the affairs of the state". Unlike its predecessor the Russian Provisional Government which had representatives of various political parties, and except for

98-470: A People's Commissar ( Russian : народный комиссар ; Narkom ), which is part of the government – the Council of People's Commissars of the appropriate level. Commissariats were created as central organs of state administration when Soviet power was established in the republics in the territory of the former Russian Empire. The number of People's Commissariats changed in accordance with the requirements of

147-714: A coalition administration. In December, Six representatives from the Left SR entered the government, They are Subsequently, in January 1918, the Bolsheviks managed to split the railway union by forming the Vikzhedor Executive Committee parallel to Vikzhel, which consisted mainly of Bolsheviks and Left Socialist Revolutionaries. By March 1918, Vikzhel's resistance was finally broken, and the main powers of both Vikzhel and Vikzhedor were transferred to

196-586: A collegium was formed, the members of which were approved by the Council of People's Commissars (Article 44). The People's Commissar had the right to single-handedly make decisions on all issues under the jurisdiction of the commissariat led by him, bringing them to the attention of the board (Article 45). With the formation of the Soviet Union in December 1922 and the creation of an all-Union government,

245-588: A resolution or decision of the Council of People's Commissars (Article 40). It was created 18 people's commissariats. The following is a list of People's Commissariats of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic according to the Constitution of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic of July 10, 1918: At each people's commissar and under his chairmanship,

294-562: A revolutionary order, commissions of legislative assumptions, and a number of commissions in various branches of the state life of the country). Immediately before the seizure of power on the day of the revolution, the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks instructed Kamenev and Berzin to make political contact with the Left Socialist Revolutionaries and begin negotiations with them on the composition of

343-630: The Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets in late 1917 was composed as follows. Many early commisars later opposed the party majority organized by Stalin and allegedly conspired with the Trotskyist opposition or some other opposition group, which resulted in their expulsion from the party or being arrested. The party had banned factional opposition groups at the Eleventh Party Congress during 1921. Still,

392-659: The Treaty on the Creation of the Soviet Union , which provided for the formation of the government of the union state. It was called the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union ; it included the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union, his deputies, the leaders of the People's Commissariats of the Soviet Union. The Treaty (Article 11) provides the following list of People's Commissariats of

441-612: The 1930s. Vice-chairmen: Foreign Affairs : Military and Naval Affairs: Internal Affairs: Justice: Labour: State Charity (from April 26, 1918 – Social Security; People's Commissariat of Social Security on November 4, 1919, combined with the People's Commissariat of Labor, on April 26, 1920, divided): Enlightenment: Mail and Telegraphs: Nationalities: Finance: Ways of Communication: Agriculture: Trade and Industry: Food: People%27s Commissariat A People's Commissariat ( Russian : народный комиссариат , romanized :  narodnyy komissariat ; Narkomat )

490-676: The All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee of the Councils. However, no list of People's Commissariats was provided in the Constitution. Since the formation of the Soviet Union, the Union republics delegated part of their sovereign powers to the newly formed state, only a part of governance issues remained in their jurisdiction. The Treaty on the Creation of the Soviet Union (Article 18) defines

539-758: The Central Council of the National Economy, of which the first six are non-united (autonomous), and the last five are combined with the corresponding People's Commissariats of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, implementing the directives of the last, submitting to the Central Executive Committee, its Presidium and the Council of People's Commissars of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The Constitution of

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588-564: The Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic became the executive and administrative body of state power of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. The organization, composition, competence and procedure of the Council of People's Commissars were determined by the Constitution of the Soviet Union of 1924 and the Constitution of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic of 1925. From that moment,

637-402: The Council of People's Commissars, which had the status of People's Commissariat, was established to organize and manage the national economy. When Soviet power was established in other Soviet republics, similar commissariats were established on the territory of the former Russian Empire. The Council of People's Commissars adopted on December 1, 1917, at the suggestion of Lenin, the decree "On

686-527: The Council of People's Commissars. In connection with the demarche of the executive committee of the railway trade union, Vikzhel, who did not recognize the October Revolution, and demanded the formation of a "homogeneous socialist government" of representatives of all socialist parties, the post of People's Commissar of Rail Affairs remained unsubstituted. The Mensheviks , SRs , and Bolsheviks failed to reach an agreement in December 1917 to form

735-516: The Decree establishing the Council of People's Commissars, Alexandra Kollontai , the first woman minister in the world, was appointed People's Commissar of State Charity. On November 19, Edward Essen was appointed Commissar of State Control. The historical first composition of the Council of People's Commissars was formed in the context of a tough struggle for power between Vikzhel and Bolsheviks. The People's Commissariat of Military and Naval Affairs

784-656: The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of March 23 of the same year, the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. In his memoirs, Leon Trotsky ascribes the name "Council of People's Commissars" to himself. According to

833-494: The People's Commissariat of Railways. The Council of People's Commissars lost the character of an interim governing body after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly, which was legislated by the Constitution of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic of 1918 . The All-Russian Central Executive Committee received the right to form the Council of People's Commissars; the Council of People's Commissars

882-572: The Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic and the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union had a single Office of Affairs (based on materials from the Central State Archive of the October Revolution of the Soviet Union). With the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of January 21, 1937, the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

931-455: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was formed from the people's commissars – the leaders of the People's Commissariats of Soviet Russia – headed by the chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Similar Councils of People's Commissars were created in other Soviet republics. By the law of the Soviet Union of March 15, 1946 and

980-707: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic): The Council of People's Commissars also included the chairman of the State Planning Committee of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the head of the Department of Arts under the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. The vacant post of People's Commissar for Rail Affairs later took Mark Elizarov . On November 12, in addition to

1029-499: The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. According to the Constitution of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic of July 10, 1918, the activities of the Council of People's Commissars consisted of: The Council of People's Commissars informed the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of all decisions and decisions adopted (Article 39), which had the right to suspend and annul

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1078-561: The Soviet Union under the Government of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic. The Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, in turn, allocated a permanent representative to the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union (according to information to the Legislative Assembly, 1924, No. 70, Article 691). Since February 22, 1924, the Council of People's Commissars of

1127-597: The Soviet Union: As the national economy developed and strengthened, the number of People's Commissariats at all levels increased. So, in 1932, the Supreme Council of the National Economy of the Soviet Union was transformed into three people's commissariat: Further, from 1936 to 1939, the number of People's Commissariats increased to 24. For example, in 1939, the People's Commissariats of Fish Industry and Meat and Dairy Industry were divided off from

1176-841: The Sovnarkoms were transformed into the Council of Ministers (Sovmin) at both all-Union and Union Republic level. Council of People%27s Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic The Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was the government of Soviet Russia between 1917 and 1946. It was established by the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers', Soldiers', and Peasants' Deputies on November 9, 1917 "as an interim workers' and peasants' government" under

1225-664: The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic , adopted in 1919, in article 14 established: Heading individual branches of the country's management is assigned to special departments of the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee of the Soviets – the People's Commissariats headed by the Heads elected by the All-Ukrainian Central Executive Committee of the Councils. The number, subjects of department departments and their internal organization are established by

1274-540: The amount of remuneration of the people's commissars and senior officials" (published on December 6, 1917, in No. 16 of the "Newspapers of the Provisional Worker and Peasant Government"). According to the decree, the remuneration of the people's commissars was 500 rubles plus 100 rubles for each disabled family member, which was approximately equal to the average wage of the worker. With minor changes and additions,

1323-714: The brief two-party cabinet with the Left Socialist-Revolutionaries from December 1917 to March 1918, the Sovnarkom was a government of a single party, the Bolsheviks . The Sovnarkom of the USSR and Congress of Soviets of the USSR founded in 1922 were modelled on the RSFSR system, and identical Sovnarkom bodies were founded in the Soviet republics and autonomous republics . The Sovnarkom evolved into

1372-399: The composition of the Council of People's Commissars was changed in connection with the transfer of a number of powers to the Union departments. 11 republican people's commissariats were established: The Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic now included with a decisive or deliberative vote authorized representatives of the People's Commissariats of

1421-440: The current moment; overall it increased due to the separation of existing ones and the formation of new ones. The first People's Commissariats were created by the "Decree on the establishment of the Council of People's Commissars", adopted by the 2nd Congress of Soviets on November 9, 1917. The decree was established: The management of certain branches of state life is entrusted to commissions, whose composition should ensure

1470-470: The executive administration in 1921 consisted of 135 people (according to the Central State Archive of the October Revolution of the Soviet Union). By the law of the Soviet Union of March 15, 1946 and the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of March 23, 1946, the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

1519-570: The first People's Commissar of Justice, the Bolshevik Lomov ( Georgy Oppokov ) wrote, his knowledge of justice included mainly detailed knowledge of the Tsar's prisons with the features of the regime, "we knew where they beat, how they beat, where and how they put in punishment cells, but we didn't know how to rule the state". Many People's Commissars of the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars of Soviet Russia were repressed in

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1568-749: The formation of their regional Congresses of Soviets and their executive bodies, that is, the Councils of People's Commissars. Thus, in the Kirghiz Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic , formed in 1926 as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, in 1929 the Constitution was adopted, which reads: People's Commissariats are established in the Kyrgyz Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic to directly manage individual branches of government: 1) Internal Affairs, 2) Justice, 3) Education, 4) Health, 5) Social Security, 6) Agriculture, 7) Finance, 8) Labor , 9) Workers' and Dekhkan (Peasant) Inspections, 10) Trade, and 11)

1617-605: The future government. During the work of the Second Congress of Soviets, the Bolsheviks proposed that the Left Socialist Revolutionaries enter the government, but they refused. The factions of the Right Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviks left the Second Congress of Soviets at the very beginning of its work – before the formation of the government. The Bolsheviks were forced to form a one-party government. The Council of People's Commissars

1666-472: The government, chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, executive manager and secretaries of the Council of People's Commissars, representatives of departments. The permanent working body of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was the Department of Affairs, which prepared questions for meetings of the Council of People's Commissars and its standing commissions, and received delegations. The staff of

1715-565: The implementation of the program proclaimed by the Congress, in close union with the mass organizations of workers, women workers, sailors, soldiers, peasants and employees. Government power is vested in the collegium of the chairmen of these commissions, that is, the Council of People's Commissars. The All-Russian Congress of Soviets and its executive body, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee , had

1764-605: The list of People's Commissariats, whose leaders were members of the Council of People's Commissars of the Republics: The Council of People's Commissars of the Republic with a deliberative vote also included representatives representing those People's Commissariats, whose leadership began to fall within the competence of the Soviet Union: The creation of the Soviet Union was legally formalized by

1813-497: The main executive of the government of the Soviet Union with its head, the Premier of the USSR , serving as head of government . The Sovnarkom issued decrees having the force of law when the Congress was not in session, and if these decrees were not approved at the Congress's next session, they were considered revoked. The Sovnarkom was dissolved and transformed into the Council of Ministers in 1946. The first council elected by

1862-448: The memoirs of Vladimir Milyutin , the name "People's Commissar" was proposed by Trotsky, and Kamenev proposed the government as the "Council of People's Commissars". Some have also claimed that the authorship of the term was first coined by Vladimir Antonov-Ovseyenko . At the same time, from Lenin's notes written no later than October 25, 1917: "Immediate creation... of a commission of people's commissars... (ministers and comrades of

1911-414: The minister)". It follows that the name " commissars " (etymologically "the heads of commissions"), as a replacement for the term "ministers", even earlier appeared in the outline of the organization of a new apparatus of government of the future head of the Council of People's Commissars. In the same document, it was planned to create other central government bodies in the rank of commissions (commissions of

1960-484: The name of the Council of People's Commissars, which was used before the adoption of the Constitution of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic of 1918 . Since 1918, the formation of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic was the prerogative of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee , and since 1937, the Supreme Council of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic . The Council of People's Commissars of

2009-487: The original council included Left-Communists, Trotskyists and other ex-oppositionists. Most alleged conspirators were executed for treason during the Great Purge , while some had sentences reduced to imprisonment. Upon the creation of the USSR in 1922, the Soviet Union's government was modelled after the first Sovnarkom. The Soviet republics retained their own governments which dealt with domestic matters. In 1946,

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2058-402: The right to control the activities of the People's Commissars and to remove them. By the same decree the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars was formed, including the list of People's Commissariats: Later, by a decree of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of December 15, 1917, the Supreme Council of National Economy under

2107-535: The same list of people's commissariats of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic is also presented in Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of 1918 adopted by the 5th All-Russian Congress of Soviets. Article 11 of the Constitution of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic of 1918 provided for the opportunity for "regions differing in special life and national composition" to create autonomous regions with

2156-401: Was a structure in the Soviet state (in the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , in other union and autonomous republics, in the Soviet Union ) from 1917–1946 which functioned as the central executive body in charge of managing a particular field of state activity or a separate sector of the national economy ; analogue of the ministry . As a rule, a People's Commissariat was headed by

2205-416: Was accountable only to the Supreme Council of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, between its sessions, to the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. Since October 5, 1937, the composition of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic totaled 13 people's commissariats (data from the Central State Archive of

2254-429: Was formed as a collegium, composed of Antonov-Ovseenko, Krylenko, Dybenko. By April 1918, this committee virtually ceased to exist. According to the memoirs of the first People's Commissar of Education Anatoly Lunacharsky , the first composition of the Council of People's Commissars was largely random, and the discussion of the list was accompanied by Lenin's comments: "if we are unsuitable, we will be able to change". As

2303-554: Was formed in accordance with the " Decree on the Establishment of the Council of People's Commissars " adopted by the Second All-Russian Congress of Soviets of Workers' and Soldiers' Deputies on October 27, 1917 (O.S.). The decree began with the words: To form for the government of the country, until the convocation of the Constituent Assembly , an interim workers' and peasants' government, which will be called

2352-421: Was the general management body for the affairs of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic authorized to issue decrees, and the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was entitled to cancel or suspend any decision or decision of the Council of People's Commissars. The issues considered by the Council of People's Commissars were decided by a simple majority of votes. The meetings were attended by members of

2401-402: Was transformed into the Council of Ministers of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. On March 18, the last decree of the government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was issued with the name "Council of People's Commissars". On February 25, 1947, the corresponding amendments were made to the Constitution of the Soviet Union, and on March 13, 1948, the Constitution of

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