98-1128: Racing car Racing car model Sauber C2 [REDACTED] Constructor Sauber Predecessor Sauber C1 Successor Sauber C3 Technical specifications Chassis Tubular spaceframe Suspension (front) Double wishbones , Coil springs over Dampers , Anti-roll bar Suspension (rear) Twin lower links , Single top links , twin trailing arms , Coil springs over Dampers , Anti-roll bar Length 3,296 mm (129.8 in) Width 2,000 mm (79 in) Height 880 mm (35 in) Axle track 1,355 mm (53.3 in) (front) 1,535 mm (60.4 in) (rear) Wheelbase 2,260 mm (89 in) Engine Cosworth BDA , 1.6 L (97.6 cu in), L4 , DOHC , NA Transmission Hewland FGA 400 5-speed manual Power 240 hp (179 kW) Weight 480 kg (1,060 lb) Competition history Debut 1971 Wins Podiums 3 7 The Sauber C2
196-467: A 12-digit Standard Book Number of 345-24223-8-595 (valid SBN: 345-24223-8, ISBN: 0-345-24223-8), and it cost US$ 5.95 . Since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained thirteen digits, a format that is compatible with " Bookland " European Article Numbers , which have 13 digits. Since 2016, ISBNs have also been used to identify mobile games by China's Administration of Press and Publication . The United States , with 3.9 million registered ISBNs in 2020,
294-578: A Group 5 version of the BMW M1 . The first 'turbo era' of Formula One ended with the 1988 season. The 1.5-litre turbocharged engines were phased out in favour of naturally aspirated 3.5-litre engines. Massive demand for engine suppliers and a constant influx of new teams saw car manufacturers like Subaru , Porsche and Lamborghini enter Formula One as engine suppliers and sometimes buying out existing teams. Other projects never progressed beyond design studies, such as one carried out by Simtek for BMW. It
392-541: A Swiss licence in 2010 . For the 2006 season the team re-signed Nick Heidfeld from Williams to be their lead driver (Heidfeld drove for Sauber in 2001–2003), while 1997 World Champion Jacques Villeneuve had his existing Sauber contract confirmed. Pole Robert Kubica was signed as the team's third driver . The team continued to use Sauber's facilities, mostly for chassis construction and wind tunnel testing, while BMW's headquarters in Munich were responsible for building
490-547: A company founded for the sole purpose of building these engines, that were nearly identical to the ones used by Ferrari as Sauber was relegated to being a customer team after four years as an independent works partner team. Sauber licensed nearly every legally licensable part from Ferrari and even had several Ferrari engineers on staff. Many pointed out suspicious similarities between Ferrari and Sauber chassis, but no formal accusations were ever made ( FIA rules required each team to design their own chassis). In 2001, Sauber brought
588-427: A customer relationship but following BMW's decision to split from Williams at the end of 2005, BMW agreed to take ownership of the team from 1 January 2006, having bought Credit Suisse's shares in the team. Sauber's final Grand Prix before BMW takeover was the 2005 Chinese Grand Prix , with Massa, in his final race for the team having been promoted to Ferrari for the 2006 season, scoring a welcome sixth place to round off
686-451: A given ISBN is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for that country or territory regardless of the publication language. The ranges of ISBNs assigned to any particular country are based on the publishing profile of the country concerned, and so
784-532: A huge crash that resulted in a long safety car period. The media was initially told Kubica had broken his leg, but it later emerged that he had escaped with only a sprained ankle and concussion. Sebastian Vettel took his place in the US Grand Prix , finishing in eighth place and therefore becoming the youngest driver to score a Formula One World Championship point. After the European GP , however, it
882-667: A new scheme for the team as a whole, with every individual getting "fit for pole", from the boss to the cleaners, meaning that the team would be in optimum fitness for the 2008 season. Team principal Mario Theissen targeted the team's first Formula 1 victory for 2008. BMW Sauber started the season well with Kubica narrowly missing out on pole after a mistake in his main qualifying lap in Melbourne . He later retired after being hit by Kazuki Nakajima but Heidfeld finished second. Kubica took second in Malaysia , with Heidfeld in sixth setting
980-841: A number of other racing series before its involvement in Formula One, including the Swiss Sportscar Championship and the World Sportscar Championship . The first Sauber car, C1, was built in 1970. Sauber, in partnership with Mercedes, won the Le Mans 24-hour race in 1989 and the World Sports Prototype Championship in 1989 and 1990 with the Sauber C9 and Mercedes-Benz C11 , respectively. Sauber also built
1078-550: A penalty, stripping away a double points finish. Both drivers went on to score points at the Japanese Grand Prix and Korean Grand Prix . The second half of the season gave more productive and consistent results; The drives of Kobayashi, Heidfeld and de la Rosa combined earned 44 points, giving the team eighth place in the Constructors' Championship. Kobayashi performed the team's season-best finish of sixth at
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#17328023995391176-438: A race win was likely after firmly establishing themselves as the best team behind championship leaders Ferrari and McLaren . Although the perceived performance gap between the two leaders and BMW Sauber was a fair amount, it was still less than that between BMW Sauber and the teams behind them. The Canadian Grand Prix brought mixed fortunes for the team. While Nick Heidfeld scored a second-place finish, Robert Kubica suffered
1274-527: A shrinking list of constructors, they only scored 11 points and had not impressed for much of the season. For the next season they announced a customer deal to receive Ferrari V10 engines while they worked with new sponsors Petronas to construct their own engines. Unfortunately, due to a major economic crash in Asia the engines were never completed. Sauber used Ferrari designed customer engines (from 1997 to 2005) and gearboxes built by Sauber Petronas Engineering ,
1372-494: A similar kind, the International Standard Serial Number (ISSN), identifies periodical publications such as magazines and newspapers . The International Standard Music Number (ISMN) covers musical scores . The Standard Book Number (SBN) is a commercial system using nine-digit code numbers to identify books. In 1965, British bookseller and stationers WHSmith announced plans to implement
1470-468: A standard numbering system for its books. They hired consultants to work on their behalf, and the system was devised by Gordon Foster , emeritus professor of statistics at Trinity College Dublin . The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Technical Committee on Documentation sought to adapt the British SBN for international use. The ISBN identification format was conceived in 1967 in
1568-466: A statement in response pledging its support to help the team remain in F1. On 15 September 2009, it was announced that BMW Sauber had secured a buyer, Qadbak Investments Limited which turned out to be a shell company . However, Lotus Racing had been given the 13th and final slot in the 2010 season. The team were awarded what was termed a 14th entry, which hinged either on another team dropping out or all
1666-401: A systematic pattern, which allows their length to be determined, as follows: A check digit is a form of redundancy check used for error detection , the decimal equivalent of a binary check bit . It consists of a single digit computed from the other digits in the number. The method for the 10-digit ISBN is an extension of that for SBNs, so the two systems are compatible; an SBN prefixed with
1764-478: A virtually unknown and very inexperienced Kimi Räikkönen into Formula One, despite the protests of a few drivers and influential members of the FIA, including Max Mosley , that he would pose a danger to other drivers. His performances that year, however, more than vindicated their decision (he would later go on to win the 2007 Drivers' Championship with Ferrari ). It also caused Red Bull to sell their majority share in
1862-461: A zero (the 10-digit ISBN) will give the same check digit as the SBN without the zero. The check digit is base eleven, and can be an integer between 0 and 9, or an 'X'. The system for 13-digit ISBNs is not compatible with SBNs and will, in general, give a different check digit from the corresponding 10-digit ISBN, so does not provide the same protection against transposition. This is because the 13-digit code
1960-564: A zero to a 9-digit SBN creates a valid 10-digit ISBN. The national ISBN agency assigns the registrant element ( cf. Category:ISBN agencies ) and an accompanying series of ISBNs within that registrant element to the publisher; the publisher then allocates one of the ISBNs to each of its books. In most countries, a book publisher is not legally required to assign an ISBN, although most large bookstores only handle publications that have ISBNs assigned to them. The International ISBN Agency maintains
2058-477: Is 7, and the complete sequence is ISBN 978-0-306-40615-7. In general, the ISBN check digit is calculated as follows. Let Then This check system—similar to the UPC check digit formula—does not catch all errors of adjacent digit transposition. Specifically, if the difference between two adjacent digits is 5, the check digit will not catch their transposition. For instance, the above example allows this situation with
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#17328023995392156-400: Is a multiple of 11. That is, if x i is the i th digit, then x 10 must be chosen such that: For example, for an ISBN-10 of 0-306-40615-2: Formally, using modular arithmetic , this is rendered It is also true for ISBN-10s that the sum of all ten digits, each multiplied by its weight in ascending order from 1 to 10, is a multiple of 11. For this example: Formally, this
2254-503: Is available on the International ISBN Agency website. A list for a few countries is given below: The ISBN registration group element is a 1-to-5-digit number that is valid within a single prefix element (i.e. one of 978 or 979), and can be separated between hyphens, such as "978-1-..." . Registration groups have primarily been allocated within the 978 prefix element. The single-digit registration groups within
2352-782: Is different from Wikidata Sauber Sauber Motorsport AG currently competing in Formula One as Stake F1 Team Kick Sauber and also known simply as Kick Sauber or Sauber , is a Swiss motorsport engineering company. It was founded in 1970 (as PP Sauber AG) by Peter Sauber , who progressed through hillclimbing and the World Sportscar Championship to reach Formula One in 1993 . Sauber operated under their own name from 1993 until 2005 and from 2011 until 2018 . They were known as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2010 and as Alfa Romeo from 2019 to 2023 in partnership deals with BMW and Alfa Romeo , respectively. Sauber returned in 2024 as Stake F1 Team Kick Sauber , and
2450-403: Is intended to be unique. Publishers purchase or receive ISBNs from an affiliate of the International ISBN Agency. A different ISBN is assigned to each separate edition and variation of a publication, but not to a simple reprinting of an existing item. For example, an e-book , a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book must each have a different ISBN, but an unchanged reprint of
2548-402: Is not needed, but it may be considered to simplify the calculation.) For example, the check digit for the ISBN of 0-306-40615- ? is calculated as follows: Thus the check digit is 2. It is possible to avoid the multiplications in a software implementation by using two accumulators. Repeatedly adding t into s computes the necessary multiples: The modular reduction can be done once at
2646-414: Is rendered The two most common errors in handling an ISBN (e.g. when typing it or writing it down) are a single altered digit or the transposition of adjacent digits. It can be proven mathematically that all pairs of valid ISBN-10s differ in at least two digits. It can also be proven that there are no pairs of valid ISBN-10s with eight identical digits and two transposed digits (these proofs are true because
2744-563: Is set to be the Audi works team from 2026 onwards, with the German outfit planning to acquire the Swiss team. Having not won a Grand Prix as an independent, the team was rebranded to BMW Sauber in 2006 and competed as BMW Sauber from 2006 to 2009, finishing second in 2007 and third in 2008 in the Constructors' Championship, and scoring their lone grand prix victory together with Robert Kubica at
2842-486: The 2007 season with Sebastian Vettel taking the test and reserve driver role. On 21 December, it was announced that Timo Glock had been signed as the team's second test driver. The team launched their 2007 car, the F1.07 , on 16 January 2007. The new car showed promising form throughout the winter testing, topping the times sheets on occasions. However, team principal Mario Theissen declared some reliability concerns before
2940-468: The 2008 Canadian Grand Prix . At the end of a less successful 2009 season, BMW pulled out of Formula One and the team's future remained uncertain for several months until total control was handed back to Peter Sauber and granted a 2010 entry. Due to issues with the Concorde Agreement , the team remained as "BMW Sauber" for the 2010 season. In March 2010, Peter Sauber announced plans to change
3038-519: The British Grand Prix . Kobayashi was retained for 2011 ; he was joined by teammate Sergio Pérez and his compatriot Esteban Gutiérrez as reserve driver. The team debuted their 2011 car – the C30 – on 31 January, with testing beginning the following day. ISBN (identifier) The International Standard Book Number ( ISBN ) is a numeric commercial book identifier that
Sauber C2 - Misplaced Pages Continue
3136-614: The German Grand Prix . Kubica finished seventh, although he was later disqualified for an underweight car. After the Hungarian Grand Prix, BMW announced that Kubica would complete the season for the Swiss team, spelling the end of former world champion Villeneuve's F1 career. Kubica scored BMW Sauber's second podium of the season at the Italian Grand Prix , after running in third place for most of
3234-415: The publisher , "01381" is the serial number assigned by the publisher, and "8" is the check digit . By prefixing a zero, this can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8 ; the check digit does not need to be re-calculated. Some publishers, such as Ballantine Books , would sometimes use 12-digit SBNs where the last three digits indicated the price of the book; for example, Woodstock Handmade Houses had
3332-448: The 13-digit ISBN, as follows: A 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts ( prefix element , registration group , registrant , publication and check digit ), and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts ( registration group , registrant , publication and check digit ) of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces. Figuring out how to correctly separate
3430-631: The 1970s. After using turbocharged Mercedes V8 engines in the 1980s, his team became the official factory team of Mercedes-Benz , reviving the Silver Arrow legend. The Swiss-German team won the 24 hours of Le Mans (in 1989 ) as well as the World Sports Prototype Championship (both in the 1989 season and 1990 season ), competing against Jaguar and Porsche . Among others, drivers such as Michael Schumacher , Karl Wendlinger , Heinz-Harald Frentzen , Jochen Mass , Jean-Louis Schlesser and Mauro Baldi raced for Sauber. Sauber participated in
3528-502: The 2010 season on 17 December 2009. Pedro de la Rosa was signed as Sauber's second driver on 19 January 2010. Before the Singapore Grand Prix , it was announced that Nick Heidfeld would replace de la Rosa for the remaining five races of the season. Esteban Gutiérrez later joined the team as a reserve driver, and drove during young drivers' testing after the end of the season. Despite promising pace in winter testing,
3626-511: The 2016 season to Swiss investment firm Longbow Finance S.A, with Pascal Picci taking over Peter Sauber's role as chairman of the board and president. Audi bought a minority stake in the team in January 2023 in preparation of their Formula One entry. The team operates in a 15,600 m (168,000 sq ft) facility in Hinwil , Switzerland . Peter Sauber began building sports cars in
3724-432: The 6 followed by a 1. The correct order contributes 3 × 6 + 1 × 1 = 19 to the sum; while, if the digits are transposed (1 followed by a 6), the contribution of those two digits will be 3 × 1 + 1 × 6 = 9 . However, 19 and 9 are congruent modulo 10, and so produce the same, final result: both ISBNs will have a check digit of 7. The ISBN-10 formula uses the prime modulus 11 which avoids this blind spot, but requires more than
3822-572: The 9-digit Standard Book Numbering ( SBN ) created in 1966. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108 (any 9-digit SBN can be converted to a 10-digit ISBN by prefixing it with a zero). Privately published books sometimes appear without an ISBN. The International ISBN Agency sometimes assigns ISBNs to such books on its own initiative. A separate identifier code of
3920-473: The 978-prefix element are: 0 or 1 for English-speaking countries; 2 for French-speaking countries; 3 for German-speaking countries; 4 for Japan; 5 for Russian-speaking countries; and 7 for People's Republic of China. Example 5-digit registration groups are 99936 and 99980, for Bhutan. The allocated registration groups are: 0–5, 600–631, 65, 7, 80–94, 950–989, 9910–9989, and 99901–99993. Books published in rare languages typically have longer group elements. Within
4018-583: The 979 prefix element, the registration group 0 is reserved for compatibility with International Standard Music Numbers (ISMNs), but such material is not actually assigned an ISBN. The registration groups within prefix element 979 that have been assigned are 8 for the United States of America, 10 for France, 11 for the Republic of Korea, and 12 for Italy. The original 9-digit standard book number (SBN) had no registration group identifier, but prefixing
Sauber C2 - Misplaced Pages Continue
4116-529: The Austrian's serious accident in 1994 seemed to have taken a lot out of his driving potential and he was replaced after two races by rookie Jean-Christophe Boullion . The season, for Frentzen at least, went surprisingly well. The team finished with a record eighteen points despite the underperforming Ford engine and Jean-Christophe Boullion, who was again dropped, allowing Wendlinger to make his final Formula One appearance. They also climbed back up to seventh in
4214-490: The Constructors' Championship. 1995 also saw Petronas become Sauber's presenting sponsor. They renewed their association in 2006, by which time the team had changed ownership. 1996 saw Sauber's worst Formula One season in terms of points despite a promising driver line-up in Heinz-Harald Frentzen and Johnny Herbert , a revised C15 and the new V10 Cosworth JD engine. Despite again holding seventh spot on
4312-604: The Drivers' Championship until the Chinese Grand Prix , the 17th round out of 18. In October 2008, the team confirmed that they would stick with Robert Kubica and Nick Heidfeld as their drivers for the 2009 season. Although BMW Sauber targeted the 2009 season as the year they would challenge for the title, their start to the season was a disappointment. Kubica was in third place in the opening round , when he collided with Vettel while battling for second place and
4410-470: The Grand Prix scene, over the remainder of the season the team rarely saw the finish line due to unreliability and racing accidents. However, they proved their form was not a flash in the pan recording a slow stream of points finishes and rarely finishing outside the top ten when they actually completed a race distance. Despite not achieving a podium, they ended the season with twelve points, seventh out of
4508-416: The ISBN is less than eleven digits long and because 11 is a prime number ). The ISBN check digit method therefore ensures that it will always be possible to detect these two most common types of error, i.e., if either of these types of error has occurred, the result will never be a valid ISBN—the sum of the digits multiplied by their weights will never be a multiple of 11. However, if the error were to occur in
4606-513: The International ISBN Agency as the registration authority for ISBN worldwide and the ISBN Standard is developed under the control of ISO Technical Committee 46/Subcommittee 9 TC 46/SC 9 . The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978. An SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit "0". For example, the second edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns , published by Hodder in 1965, has "SBN 340 01381 8" , where "340" indicates
4704-544: The KERS could not be made to fit the new car and both drivers raced without the device. After the qualifying session for the British Grand Prix Mario Theissen announced that the team had decided to halt further development of KERS; of which BMW had been one of the strongest proponents, and focus instead on improving the car's aerodynamics. This left Ferrari and McLaren as the only remaining users of
4802-606: The KERS system. In the European Grand Prix at Valencia, Kubica scored the team's first points since the race in Turkey. Following a meeting of the BMW board on 28 July, the company held a press conference the following morning in which it confirmed the team's withdrawal from Formula One at the end of 2009. Chairman Dr. Norbert Reithofer described the decision as a strategic one. The Formula One Teams Association released
4900-520: The United Kingdom by David Whitaker (regarded as the "Father of the ISBN") and in 1968 in the United States by Emery Koltay (who later became director of the U.S. ISBN agency R. R. Bowker ). The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the ISO and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO 2108. The United Kingdom continued to use the nine-digit SBN code until 1974. ISO has appointed
4998-657: The allocations of ISBNs that they make to publishers. For example, a large publisher may be given a block of ISBNs where fewer digits are allocated for the registrant element and many digits are allocated for the publication element; likewise, countries publishing many titles have few allocated digits for the registration group identifier and many for the registrant and publication elements. Here are some sample ISBN-10 codes, illustrating block length variations. English-language registration group elements are 0 and 1 (2 of more than 220 registration group elements). These two registration group elements are divided into registrant elements in
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#17328023995395096-466: The check digit itself). Each digit, from left to right, is alternately multiplied by 1 or 3, then those products are summed modulo 10 to give a value ranging from 0 to 9. Subtracted from 10, that leaves a result from 1 to 10. A zero replaces a ten, so, in all cases, a single check digit results. For example, the ISBN-13 check digit of 978-0-306-40615- ? is calculated as follows: Thus, the check digit
5194-419: The check digit must equal either 0 or 11. Therefore, the check digit is (11 minus the remainder of the sum of the products modulo 11) modulo 11. Taking the remainder modulo 11 a second time accounts for the possibility that the first remainder is 0. Without the second modulo operation, the calculation could result in a check digit value of 11 − 0 = 11 , which is invalid. (Strictly speaking, the first "modulo 11"
5292-411: The complete sequence is ISBN 0-306-40615-2. If the value of x 10 {\displaystyle x_{10}} required to satisfy this condition is 10, then an 'X' should be used. Alternatively, modular arithmetic is convenient for calculating the check digit using modulus 11. The remainder of this sum when it is divided by 11 (i.e. its value modulo 11), is computed. This remainder plus
5390-478: The details of over one million ISBN prefixes and publishers in the Global Register of Publishers . This database is freely searchable over the internet. Publishers receive blocks of ISBNs, with larger blocks allotted to publishers expecting to need them; a small publisher may receive ISBNs of one or more digits for the registration group identifier, several digits for the registrant, and a single digit for
5488-437: The end, as shown above (in which case s could hold a value as large as 496, for the invalid ISBN 99999-999-9-X), or s and t could be reduced by a conditional subtract after each addition. Appendix 1 of the International ISBN Agency's official user manual describes how the 13-digit ISBN check digit is calculated. The ISBN-13 check digit, which is the last digit of the ISBN, must range from 0 to 9 and must be such that
5586-411: The fastest lap of the race. The team's points total of 11 was their largest score up to that time. In Bahrain , Kubica scored his and the team's first ever pole position, beating Felipe Massa by just under three hundredths of a second. The team went on to finish third and fourth in the race, equalling their highest round points total and promoting them to first place in the Constructors' Championship for
5684-577: The first time. The team also attained a second-place finish in the Monaco Grand Prix with Robert Kubica, beating both Ferraris and only trailing the McLaren of Lewis Hamilton by three seconds. BMW Sauber's first race victory came in the 2008 Canadian Grand Prix , the team achieving a one-two finish with Robert Kubica's first race win and Nick Heidfeld taking second place. The victory came after Lewis Hamilton collided with Kimi Räikkönen in
5782-562: The front of the car for the race in Magny-Cours, France, which was meant to direct airflow to the rear and thus improve performance. This unconventional add-on was promptly banned by the FIA as it was adjudged to impede the drivers' vision and thus compromise safety. Heidfeld scored the team's first podium at the 2006 Hungarian Grand Prix from tenth on the grid. Kubica stood in for Villeneuve, BMW stating that Villeneuve could not drive due to medical complications following his accident at
5880-402: The hardcover edition keeps the same ISBN. The ISBN is ten digits long if assigned before 2007, and thirteen digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007. The method of assigning an ISBN is nation-specific and varies between countries, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The first version of the ISBN identification format was devised in 1967, based upon
5978-571: The new P86 V8 engine. Former Sauber title sponsor Petronas renewed their contract with the new team after BMW Sauber snubbed BP - Castrol , despite them being BMW's official commercial gasoline and motor oil partner. Credit Suisse also continued their sponsorship. For the new season BMW Sauber announced a technical partnership with Intel and O2 , claiming that it will eventually lead to technological improvements available on BMW road cars. The new livery, unveiled in Valencia on 17 January 2006,
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#17328023995396076-475: The non-Ferrari teams over planned rule changes at the end of the 2004 season and also joined up with the GPWC . Then they decided to switch to Michelin tyres, while Ferrari continued to use Bridgestone tyres. Meanwhile, beverage company Red Bull left Sauber in 2005 as they bought their own team, Red Bull Racing . Sauber had secured a deal with BMW for a supply of their engines from 2006, initially expected to be on
6174-522: The original on 2020-12-30 . Retrieved 2022-06-17 . ^ "Sauber C2 (1971)" . Archived from the original on 2014-05-18 . Retrieved 17 June 2022 . ^ "Peter Sauber: Vom C1 zum C22" . Handelszeitung . Archived from the original on 2020-07-16 . Retrieved 2022-06-17 . ^ "History and Heritage" . Archived from the original on 2022-04-12 . Retrieved 2022-06-17 . ^ Engineering, Racecar (July 19, 2010). "40 years of Sauber Motorsport" . Archived from
6272-3469: The original on 2022-06-18 . Retrieved 2022-06-17 . ^ Shah, Kunal (June 29, 2020). "Peter Sauber Interview On 50 Years In Motorsport" . Archived from the original on June 25, 2021 . Retrieved June 17, 2022 . ^ "Sauber C2" . Archived from the original on 1 May 2017 . Retrieved 17 June 2022 . v t e [REDACTED] Stake F1 Team Kick Sauber Founder Peter Sauber Current Alessandro Alunni Bravi Mattia Binotto James Key Iñaki Rueda Beat Zehnder 2024 drivers [REDACTED] Valtteri Bottas [REDACTED] Zhou Guanyu 2024 reserve drivers [REDACTED] Zane Maloney [REDACTED] Théo Pourchaire Sauber Academy drivers [REDACTED] Léna Bühler [REDACTED] Zane Maloney [REDACTED] Taym Saleh [REDACTED] Carrie Schreiner [REDACTED] Théo Pourchaire Notable personnel Mariano Alperin [ ja ] Alessandro Alunni Bravi Ruth Buscombe Elliot Dason-Barber Dirk de Beer André de Cortanze Jost Capito Jacky Eeckelaert Luca Furbatto Eric Gandelin René Hilhorst [ ja ] Nicolas Hennel Monisha Kaltenborn James Key Mike Krack Jan Monchaux Matt Morris Seamus Mullarkey Steve Nichols Tom McCullough John Owen Xevi Pujolar Willy Rampf Leo Ress [ ja ] Simone Resta Sergio Rinland Andreas Seidl Loïc Serra Mark Smith Julien Simon-Chautemps Willem Toet Mario Theissen Frédéric Vasseur Pierre Waché Ben Waterhouse Max Welti Ian Wright Jörg Zander Beat Zehnder Christoph Zimmermann Notable drivers [REDACTED] Karl Wendlinger [REDACTED] Heinz-Harald Frentzen [REDACTED] Johnny Herbert [REDACTED] Jean Alesi [REDACTED] Nick Heidfeld [REDACTED] Kimi Räikkönen [REDACTED] Felipe Massa [REDACTED] Giancarlo Fisichella [REDACTED] Jacques Villeneuve [REDACTED] Robert Kubica [REDACTED] Sebastian Vettel [REDACTED] Kamui Kobayashi [REDACTED] Sergio Pérez [REDACTED] Marcus Ericsson [REDACTED] Charles Leclerc Former drivers See category Sportscars C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 SHS C6 C7 C8 C9 C11 C291 C292 Formula One cars C12 C13 C14 C15 C16 C17 C18 C19 C20 C21 C22 C23 C24 F1.06 F1.07 F1.08 F1.09 C29 C30 C31 C32 C33 C34 C35 C36 C37 As Alfa Romeo C38 C39 C41 C42 C43 C44 Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sauber_C2&oldid=1144775004 " Categories : Rear-wheel-drive vehicles Mid-engined cars Sports prototypes Cars introduced in 1971 Cars of Switzerland Sauber Motorsport Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Short description
6370-541: The original on June 18, 2022 . Retrieved June 17, 2022 . ^ "Sauber's half centenary" . May 11, 2020. Archived from the original on March 31, 2022 . Retrieved June 17, 2022 . ^ The Fastest Show on Earth: The Mammoth Book of Formula 1 . Little, Brown Book Group. September 3, 2015. ISBN 9781472110527 . Archived from the original on June 18, 2022 . Retrieved June 17, 2022 – via Google Books. ^ "Peter Sauber biography" . www.historicracing.com . Archived from
6468-462: The other teams agreeing to allow 28 cars to enter the 2010 Championship. On 27 November 2009, it was announced that Peter Sauber would repurchase the team conditional upon the team receiving a FIA entry for the 2010 season. On 3 December 2009, the FIA confirmed that Sauber had been granted the entry vacated by Toyota Racing following their withdrawal and would be using Ferrari engines. Peter Sauber had previously announced, on 29 November, that
6566-533: The pit in ninth. In the last few laps of the race, Kobayashi overtook the Ferrari of Fernando Alonso and the Toro Rosso of Sébastien Buemi for a seventh-place finish. The impressive drive from Kobayashi received much acclaim and was Sauber's best result of the season to-date. Pedro de la Rosa meanwhile, despite originally crossing the line in tenth position to secure 1 point, was relegated to 12th place after
6664-459: The pitlane, ending the race for both drivers. Kubica was on a different refuelling strategy from Heidfeld, who also briefly led the race before securing the one-two finish for BMW Sauber in comfortable fashion. This was the first Formula One victory for a BMW engine since the 2004 Brazilian Grand Prix . After the team's breakthrough win, development was switched to the 2009 season where new regulations come into play. This greatly annoyed Kubica, (who
6762-502: The publication element. Once that block of ISBNs is used, the publisher may receive another block of ISBNs, with a different registrant element. Consequently, a publisher may have different allotted registrant elements. There also may be more than one registration group identifier used in a country. This might occur once all the registrant elements from a particular registration group have been allocated to publishers. By using variable block lengths, registration agencies are able to customise
6860-428: The publishing house and remain undetected, the book would be issued with an invalid ISBN. In contrast, it is possible for other types of error, such as two altered non-transposed digits, or three altered digits, to result in a valid ISBN (although it is still unlikely). Each of the first nine digits of the 10-digit ISBN—excluding the check digit itself—is multiplied by its (integer) weight, descending from 10 to 2, and
6958-447: The race and leading briefly during the first round of pit stops. Heidfeld struggled in the race and barely earned a point by finishing eighth. The team's fifth place in the Constructors' Championship was cemented by Heidfeld's two further points at the 2006 Chinese Grand Prix , and Toyota's early double retirement from the 2006 Brazilian Grand Prix . On 19 October 2006, it was announced that Robert Kubica would partner Nick Heidfeld for
7056-475: The ranges will vary depending on the number of books and the number, type, and size of publishers that are active. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture and thus may receive direct funding from the government to support their services. In other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. A full directory of ISBN agencies
7154-488: The role as Karl Wendlinger's teammate. Early signs showed the team was, rather disappointingly, delivering similar performances to the previous year, scoring a small tally of points in the opening rounds. The season took a turn for the worse after a fourth place by Wendlinger following the tragic deaths of Ayrton Senna and Roland Ratzenberger at the San Marino Grand Prix . Just two weeks later, Wendlinger
7252-405: The same book must each have a different ISBN assigned to it. The ISBN is thirteen digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, and ten digits long if assigned before 2007. An International Standard Book Number consists of four parts (if it is a 10-digit ISBN) or five parts (for a 13-digit ISBN). Section 5 of the International ISBN Agency's official user manual describes the structure of
7350-636: The season's opening race in Melbourne . Kubica duly retired from fourth place mid-race with gearbox trouble, but Nick Heidfeld proved their pace in winter testing was no fluke as he raced to fourth place. Heidfeld continued this success with two more fourth places in Malaysia and Bahrain respectively. Kubica finished sixth in Bahrain after retiring in Australia and mechanical trouble in Malaysia. Their performance thus far had been such that many were saying
7448-415: The sum of all the thirteen digits, each multiplied by its (integer) weight, alternating between 1 and 3, is a multiple of 10 . As ISBN-13 is a subset of EAN-13 , the algorithm for calculating the check digit is exactly the same for both. Formally, using modular arithmetic , this is rendered: The calculation of an ISBN-13 check digit begins with the first twelve digits of the 13-digit ISBN (thus excluding
7546-430: The sum of these nine products found. The value of the check digit is simply the one number between 0 and 10 which, when added to this sum, means the total is a multiple of 11. For example, the check digit for an ISBN-10 of 0-306-40615- ? is calculated as follows: Adding 2 to 130 gives a multiple of 11 (because 132 = 12×11)—this is the only number between 0 and 10 which does so. Therefore, the check digit has to be 2, and
7644-446: The team in 2005. At the end of the 2005 season, the team's majority shareholding previously owned by Credit Suisse was bought by BMW , with Peter Sauber retaining a 20% stake, and was renamed BMW Sauber . BMW sold its part back to Peter Sauber after the end of the 2009 season, but the team formally used the name BMW Sauber until the end of the 2010 season. The team held a German licence from 2006 to 2009 , then reverted to
7742-401: The team name but the FIA announced that they would have to wait until the end of the season. At the beginning of the 2011 season, the team dropped BMW from their name. Until mid-2016, Peter Sauber held a controlling 66.6% stake in the team, with the remainder belonging to then CEO Monisha Kaltenborn ; she had been a leading figure in the team since BMW's withdrawal. The team was sold during
7840-570: The team struggled with technical problems in the early rounds of the season, with no points from the first six races. After running a blank livery for the first four races of the 2010 season, the team finally announced a sponsorship deal with the Burger King fast food franchise at the Spanish and European Grands Prix . During frustrations, Peter Sauber admitted that his decision to rescue the team had been emotionally driven, but insisted that it
7938-498: The team to Credit Suisse in protest (Red Bull wanted Enrique Bernoldi to take the seat but he wound up at Arrows ). In 2004, Sauber spent a large sum of money on a new wind tunnel at Hinwil , and a high performance supercomputer (called Albert ) to help refine the aerodynamics of their cars. The state-of-the-art infrastructure Sauber has built up is one aspect that attracted BMW Motorsport to Sauber. In its later years, Sauber's links with Ferrari became weaker. They sided with
8036-420: The team's chassis for the 2010 season would be designated Sauber C29, while the Swiss newspaper Blick reported that the team will be called Team Sauber F1 . However, in January 2010, Peter Sauber had said that he had not yet applied for a change of name, so therefore they remained for the season as BMW Sauber F1 Team despite zero BMW components. Kamui Kobayashi was announced as their first signed driver for
8134-462: The team's history. Sauber had finished its independent run in F1 with six third places and two front-row starts being their best results. Among notable Sauber drivers were Jean Alesi , 2008 Drivers' Championship runner-up Felipe Massa , Johnny Herbert , and 1997 World Champion Jacques Villeneuve . Two former Sauber drivers drove for the new BMW Sauber team in 2006: Nick Heidfeld who was a Sauber driver from 2001 to 2003, and Villeneuve who drove for
8232-599: The thirteen original entries. The team went into the 1994 season as Sauber Mercedes, now officially Mercedes's factory-backed team with a new car in the Sauber C13 and the Ilmor engine rebadged the Mercedes 3.5 V10. New team Pacific Grand Prix Ltd took a customer supply of more dated Ilmor units. Between seasons Lehto had signed to Mild Seven Benetton Ford . Former Sauber sports car driver Heinz-Harald Frentzen took up
8330-469: The works Ford engine deal from Benetton. The 1995 season and Sauber C14 marked the beginning of a ten-year sponsorship deal with energy drink giant Red Bull . Entrepreneur Dietrich Mateschitz had purchased a majority share in the team and Fritz Kaiser joined as commercial director. They landed a factory supply of Ford ECA Zetec-R V8 engines from Benetton . The 1995 season saw the return of Karl Wendlinger partnering Heinz-Harald Frentzen. Unfortunately,
8428-427: Was a pivotal moment in Formula One history. Together with the death of Ayrton Senna , it later prompted the mandatory implementation of head protection for drivers in the form of high cockpit sides. Sauber voluntarily pioneered prototypes of these to protect their drivers. They would finish the season with the same points tally as the previous year but finished only eighth out of the fourteen original entrants. Mercedes
8526-512: Was a reference to Peter Sauber's wife Christine). It was to be driven by JJ Lehto and Karl Wendlinger . The car's racing debut took place in the first race of 1993 , in South Africa. The car was soon turning heads not only for its sharp FW14 -like lines and striking black livery but its impressive performance, claiming fifth place (two points under the scoring system at the time) on its Grand Prix debut. Despite this impressive entrance to
8624-518: Was a turbulent time that led to the withdrawal of many small teams and even more famous marques such as Brabham and Lotus . A planned Mercedes collaboration with Sauber to enter their own Formula One team was shelved, although behind closed doors Mercedes continued to fund Sauber's Formula One project. The team was to be powered by V10 Ilmor engines in a chassis dubbed the C12, a continuation of Sauber's naming policy from sports car construction (the 'C'
8722-469: Was announced by Scuderia Toro Rosso that Vettel would take the second driver seat from Scott Speed . On 21 August 2007, BMW confirmed its driver line-up of Heidfeld and Kubica for the 2008 season. Their 2008 car, the F1.08 was officially launched in Munich at BMW Welt on 14 January 2008. It made its track debut at Valencia the next day, with Robert Kubica driving. The BMW Sauber team also introduced
8820-545: Was by far the biggest user of the ISBN identifier in 2020, followed by the Republic of Korea (329,582), Germany (284,000), China (263,066), the UK (188,553) and Indonesia (144,793). Lifetime ISBNs registered in the United States are over 39 million as of 2020. A separate ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation (except reprintings) of a publication. For example, an ebook, audiobook , paperback, and hardcover edition of
8918-414: Was dissatisfied with the progress and left the team at the end of the year, enticed by an offer from the McLaren team which was still looking for a new works deal since Honda withdrew from the sport and an also-disappointing partnership with Peugeot (whose engines went to Jordan ). The partnership would see Team McLaren Mercedes take their first win in 1997 and both titles in 1998 but left Sauber to pick up
9016-405: Was forced to retire. Heidfeld then secured the team's first podium of the year in Malaysia , but after six races BMW Sauber had collected a mere six points, and occupied eighth place in the Constructors' Championship out of ten teams. A raft of upgrades were set for Turkey , including an improved regenerative braking system (KERS) and a double deck diffuser. While the new diffuser was implemented,
9114-519: Was leading the championship after the Canadian Grand Prix), as he felt they could have had a realistic chance of taking at least one title. The lack of development was reflected with a drop of form throughout the second half of the season, causing BMW to be outpaced by Renault, Toyota and even Toro Rosso (who started the season as one of the slowest teams) by the end of the season. Despite this, Kubica remained with an outside chance of taking
9212-486: Was proper. Finally, in Turkey , Kobayashi finished tenth, collecting the team's first championship point for the season. At the European Grand Prix in Valencia, after qualifying in 18th place, Kobayashi spent a vast proportion of the race in third position defending from Jenson Button who was following closely behind in fourth. After entering the pits during the closing stages of the race to switch tyres, Kobayashi exited
9310-532: Was required to be compatible with the EAN format, and hence could not contain the letter 'X'. According to the 2001 edition of the International ISBN Agency's official user manual, the ISBN-10 check digit (which is the last digit of the 10-digit ISBN) must range from 0 to 10 (the symbol 'X' is used for 10), and must be such that the sum of the ten digits, each multiplied by its (integer) weight, descending from 10 to 1,
9408-477: Was seriously injured after crashing in practice for the Monaco Grand Prix ; losing control of his car under braking for the Nouvelle Chicane. He suffered serious head injuries which left him in a coma for weeks and he was sidelined for the rest of the season. He was replaced by Andrea de Cesaris and a returning Lehto who had been replaced at Benetton after injury complications. The Wendlinger accident
9506-506: Was the second prototype racing car that Swiss Peter Sauber designed and developed. It was built in 1971. It scored three race wins and seven podium finishes. It was powered by a naturally aspirated 1.6 L (98 cu in) Ford - Cosworth BDA four-cylinder engine , with 240 hp (180 kW). It was also very light, weighing only 480 kg (1,060 lb). References [ edit ] ^ "Sauber C2, 1971 [Auta5P ID:13247 EN]" . auta5p.eu . Archived from
9604-436: Was the traditional BMW M blue and white with red flashes. Jacques Villeneuve scored the team's first points with a seventh-place finish at the 2006 Malaysian Grand Prix , after Heidfeld retired from fifth with an engine failure late in the race. Over the first two-thirds of the season the drivers picked up points with a succession of seventh- and eighth-place finishes. The team ran a radical "twin towers" aero enhancement on
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