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59-627: Since 2008, a new model, based directly on the Renault Samsung SM5 sedan, is also called Renault Safrane. The Safrane was launched in April 1992, to replace the Renault 25 in the full-size market segment. Its clean, aerodynamic styling was quite conservative and typical of early 1990s car design, also quite reminiscent of the 25's appearance. The Safrane carried over the Renault 25 's five-door hatchback / notchback design in spite of

118-660: A 15.8%). In December 2013, Volvo sold its Volvo Construction Equipment Rents division to Platinum Equity . In November 2016, Volvo announced its intention of divesting its Government Sales division, made up mainly of Renault Trucks' Renault Trucks Defense but also of Panhard , ACMAT , Mack Defense in the United States, and Volvo Defense. The project for selling the division was later abandoned and, in May 2018, Volvo reorganized Renault Trucks Defense and renamed it Arquus. In December 2018, Volvo announced it intended to sell

177-703: A 1994 Volvo-Renault merger deal was announced. The deal was barely accepted in France, but it was opposed in Sweden, and the Volvo shareholders and company board voted against it. The alliance was officially dissolved in February 1994 and Volvo sold off its minority Renault stake in 1997. In the 1990s, Volvo also divested from most of its activities outside vehicles and engines. In 1991, the Volvo Group participated in

236-457: A 75.1% controlling stake of its car telematics subsidiary WirelessCar to Volkswagen with the aim of focusing on telematics for commercial vehicles. The sale was completed in March 2019. In December 2019, Volvo and Isuzu announced their intention of forming a strategic alliance on commercial vehicles. As part of the agreement, Volvo would sell UD Trucks to Isuzu. The "final agreements" for

295-466: A difference between driveshafts and possibly the mount. The camshaft pulleys were unique for Renault making the Volvo timing marks redundant. Despite these differences, many of the different parts were still manufactured and stamped by Volvo even though they were fitted exclusively to the Renault Safrane and are unavailable via Volvo parts. The engine requires a specialist alignment tool to set up

354-489: A joint venture between the two companies. In March 2021, the fuel cell business was reorganised as a joint venture called Cellcentric. In December 2021, Volvo, Daimler Truck, and Traton agreed to the formation of an equally owned joint venture aimed to build an electric vehicle charging network for heavy vehicles in Europe. In December 2022, the joint venture (called Commercial Vehicle Charging Europe) began operations under

413-744: A joint venture with Japanese automaker Mitsubishi Motors at the former DAF plant in Born , Netherlands. The operation, branded NedCar , began producing the first generation Mitsubishi Carisma alongside the Volvo S40/V40 in 1996. During the 1990s, Volvo also partnered with the American manufacturer General Motors . In 1999, the European Union blocked a merger with Scania AB . In January 1999, Volvo Group sold Volvo Car Corporation to Ford Motor Company for $ 6.45 billion. The division

472-665: A major shareholder. Volvo Group took complete ownership of Nissan Diesel in 2007 to extend its presence in the Asian Pacific market. Renault sold 14.9% of their stake in AB Volvo in October 2010 (comprising 14.9% of the share capital and 3.8% of the voting rights) for €3.02 billion. This share sale left Renault with around 17.5% of Volvo's voting rights. Renault sold their remaining shares in December 2012 (comprising 6.5% of

531-547: A two-litre four-cylinder petrol engine , 2.5 litre six-cylinder petrol engine . The SM5 uses a Nissan Xtronic CVT transmission (V6 uses 6 Speed Automatic transmission). In 2017, RSM recalled several SM5s built between October 1, 2013, and October 31, 2014 due to problems with the coolant temperature sensors. The SM5 forms the basis to the Renault Latitude sold in the Asia-Pacific region. The new SM5

590-437: Is equally owned by AB Volvo and Volvo Car Corporation. The main activity of the company is to own, maintain, protect and preserve the Volvo trademarks, including Volvo , the Volvo branding symbols (grille slash and iron mark), Volvo Penta , on behalf of its owners and to license these rights to its owners. The day-to-day work is focused upon maintaining the global portfolio of trademark registrations, and to extend sufficiently

649-624: Is fitted, including volumetric roof-mounted sensors; there is a lockable glove box, a velour trimmed front armrest, (optional) dual-zone automatic air conditioning; rear headphone jacks with rear speakers isolator switch; synthesised voice control. The Safrane RT is trimmed in "Trocadero" velour. The premium level of finish. Available Engines: 2.5dT Safrane RXE and V6. At this stage, included were: power steering, electric mirrors, power windows, rear headphone jacks, heated front seats with electrically adjustable squab and backrest, and inflatable lumbar adjustment with three memory positions. Optional leather

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708-641: Is once again sold in the Gulf States and Mexico as the Renault Safrane . The SM6 is expected to be the SM5's successor since RSM did not announce a continuation of the model. Renault Samsung has ended production of the SM5 in 2019. In November 2012, a facelifted SM5 was launched, called the SM5 Platinum. The facelift included a new design to the front, revised dashboard features and retains

767-414: Is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses and construction equipment, Volvo also supplies marine and industrial drive systems and financial services. In 2016, it was the world's second-largest manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks with its subsidiary Volvo Trucks . Volvo was founded in 1927. Initially involved in the automobile industry, Volvo expanded into other manufacturing sectors throughout

826-685: The Gulf States . Based directly on the second generation (DF) of Renault Samsung SM5 sedan, the car was manufactured by Renault Samsung in South Korea , and also presented in Mexico in February 2009. Renault sold the Renault Latitude in Europe, although not in the United Kingdom (due to the decline of the traditional saloon market). This is a lengthened and widened version of the Laguna , platform with vastly similar engines. In Mexico and

885-754: The SM7 . The model was seen in Australia being tested on its roads. The model is also based on the Nissan Teana/Maxima. In 2008–2010, the car was also sold in the Gulf States and Mexico , as the Renault Safrane . The project code for the SM5 Impression is DF, while that of the Renault Safrane is A34R. On July 1, 2003, Renault Samsung celebrated the production of the 300,000th SM5 to be manufactured in South Korea. On January 18, 2010,

944-633: The Stockholm Stock Exchange in 1935, and was on the NASDAQ indices from 1985 to 2007. Volvo is one of Sweden's largest companies by market capitalisation and revenue. The brand name Volvo was originally registered as a trademark in May 1911, with the intention to be used for a new series of SKF ball bearings . It means "I roll" in Latin , conjugated from "volvere". The idea was short-lived, and SKF decided to simply use its initials as

1003-531: The manual transmission 's cable-actuated shifter (a first on a Renault ) was a weak link, a significant problem in the European market where more than 80% of cars sold are manuals. Sales outside France also remained limited. In the end of 1993, a 115 PS 2.5 L turbodiesel was added to the range, increasing Safrane's attractiveness, yet it faced tough competition from the likes of Audi's 140 PS (103 kW; 138 hp) direct injection diesel of

1062-554: The trade name Milence. In April 2021, Volvo announced that it had signed up a new partnership with steel manufacturer SSAB to develop fossil fuel-free steel for future use in Volvo's vehicles. The partnership is derived from SSAB's own green steel venture, HYBRIT. In November 2023, Volvo acquired Proterra 's battery business for US$ 210 million. Volvo has announced that it is developing trucks with combustion engines that run on hydrogen. Commercial tests will begin in early 2026. Volvo Group's operations include: According to

1121-758: The 1970s onwards, Volvo set up various facilities ( Bengtsfors , Lindesberg , Vara , Tanumshede , Färgelanda , Borås ), most of them within a 150 kilometer radius of Gothenburg, and gradually acquired the Dutch DAF car plants. It also established its first South American plant in Curitiba , Brazil. From the mid-1970s onwards, Volvo began building assembly plants with smaller assembly lines, more worker-centric and with better use of automation, leaving Fordism . These were Kalmar (car assembly, built in 1974), Tuve (truck assembly, 1982) and Uddevalla (car assembly, 1989). Kalmar and Uddevalla were closed down in

1180-459: The 1990s, Volvo also increased its construction equipment assets by acquiring the Swedish company Åkerman and the construction equipment division of Samsung Heavy Industries . In 1998, the company opened an assembly facility for its three main heavy product lines (trucks, construction equipment, and buses) near Bangalore , India. Volvo sold all its car manufacturing assets in 1999. Following

1239-518: The B5244S gasket has a coolant passage hole missing which features on the head gasket for the 2.5 Safrane and the B5254FS. The modernization did not increase sales and the model was discontinued in December 2000, having sold at a rate of less than 40% of the numbers achieved by the Renault 25 it had replaced. Just over 300,000 Safranes were built in its eight-year production span. For April 2002, it

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1298-524: The Busan plant. The first generation was launched in 1998, with the second generation introduced in 2005 and the current third generation SM5 launched in 2009. In some markets, the SM5 is sold as the Renault Latitude or Renault Safrane . The first generation model was based on the Nissan Maxima (A32) . The second generation model replaced the previous model in 2005. It is based on its sibling,

1357-676: The Hisingen island, was owned by SKF until it was made part of the Volvo company in 1930. That year, Volvo acquired its supplier of engines in Skövde (Pentavarken). In 1942, Volvo acquired its supplier of transmissions, Köpings Mekaniska Verkstad, located in the town of Köping . In 1954, Volvo built a new truck assembly plant in Gothenburg and, in 1959– 1964, a car assembly plant in Torslanda . The first truly branched away plant of Volvo

1416-553: The RN, standard on all other equipment levels. Inside: front electric windows, electric mirrors (a few models had manual mirrors). This trim level offers remote central locking (infrared). The upholstery fabric is less sumptuous on the front armrest. No air conditioning; dual zone heating. Intermediate trim level. Available Engines: 2.1 dT 2.5dT, 2.0i, V6. Externally: the black painted mirrors; "honeycomb" style "Élysée" wheels emerge. Inside: In addition to power windows and mirrors, an alarm

1475-670: The Swedish construction and agricultural equipment manufacturer Bolinder-Munktell . Bolinder-Munktell was renamed as Volvo BM in 1973. In 1979, Volvo BM's agricultural equipment business was sold to Valmet . Later, through restructuring and acquisitions, the remaining construction equipment business became Volvo Construction Equipment . In the 1970s, Volvo started to move away from car manufacturing to concentrate more on heavy commercial vehicles. The car division focused on models aimed at upper middle-class customers to improve its profitability. In 1977, Volvo tried to combine operations with rival Swedish automotive group Saab-Scania , but

1534-575: The University of Gothenburg , Mälardalen University College , and the University of Skövde . In November 2013, Volvo Trucks enlisted Jean-Claude Van Damme to perform a split between two moving trucks in reverse. The goal of this campaign, titled "Epic Split," was to demonstrate the stability and precision of their "Dynamic Steering" model. In just three weeks, the video went viral, garnering over 61 million views on YouTube . Two years after

1593-539: The Volvo powerplants mentioned above. The Questor differs only by having factory-fitted satellite navigation, which is a Philips Carin 520 with infrared remote control. This model was also fitted, at least in the United Kingdom market, with all the options available on the car as standard except the heated windscreen which was still an option. In August 2008, Renault revived the Safrane name for several markets in

1652-463: The acquisition of Renault Véhicules Industriels and Nissan Diesel in the 2000s, Volvo gained various production facilities in Europe, North America, and Asia. In 2014, Volvo's Volvo Construction Equipment acquired the haul truck manufacturing division of Terex Corporation , which included five truck models and a manufacturing facility in Motherwell , Scotland. Volvo Trademark Holding AB

1711-407: The alliance were signed in October 2020, with UD Trucks sale pending on regulatory clearances. The sale was completed in April 2021. In the early 2020s, Volvo partnered with other manufacturers to deploy infrastructure for non- hydrocarbon energies. In April 2020, Volvo and Daimler (later Daimler Truck ) announced that the former planned to acquire half of Daimler's fuel cell business, forming

1770-520: The company, in 2021 almost two thirds (62%) of its revenue came from trucks and services related to them. Second came construction equipment (25%), and the rest was from buses, marine engines, and minor operations, each of them below 5%. Volvo has various production facilities. As of 2022 , it has plants in 19 countries, with 10 other countries having independent assemblers of Volvo products. The company also has product development, distribution, and logistics centers. Its first plant for vehicle assembly, on

1829-648: The early 1990s, following yearly losses. The Tuve plant (called the LB plant) replaced the Gothenburg plant (X plant) for truck assembly through the 1980s, as the former could produce more technologically complex models. In 1982, Volvo gained its first plant in the United States, the New River Valley plant in Dublin , Virginia, after acquiring the assets of the White Motor Corporation. Starting in

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1888-502: The existing Nissan engines. In January 2015, another facelifted SM5 was launched, called SM5 NOVA. The second facelift included a new Renault -style grille to the front and DRL. Volvo The Volvo Group ( Swedish : Volvokoncernen ; legally Aktiebolaget Volvo , shortened to AB Volvo , stylized as VOLVO ) is a Swedish multinational manufacturing corporation headquartered in Gothenburg . While its core activity

1947-426: The export of trucks to Europe started soon after; the cars did not become well known outside Sweden until after World War II . AB Volvo was introduced at the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 1935 and SKF then decided to sell its shares in the company. By 1942, Volvo acquired the Swedish precision engineering company Svenska Flygmotor (later renamed as Volvo Aero). Pentaverken, which had manufactured engines for Volvo,

2006-605: The firm was ready to commence the car-manufacturing business within the SKF group. The Volvo Group itself considers it started in 1927, when the first car, a Volvo ÖV 4 , rolled off the production line at the factory in Hisingen , Gothenburg. Only 280 cars were built that year. The first truck, the "Series 1", debuted in January 1928, as an immediate success and attracted attention outside the country. In 1930, Volvo sold 639 cars, and

2065-486: The late 1980s, Volvo expanded its limited bus production capabilities through acquisitions in various countries (Swedish Saffle Karroseri, Danish Aabenraa, German Drögmöller Karroserien, Canadian Prévost Car, Finnish Carrus, American Nova Bus, Mexican Mexicana de Autobuses). In the late 1990s, after a short-lived joint venture with Polish manufacturer Jelcz , Volvo built its main bus production hub for Europe in Wroclaw . In

2124-499: The latter company rejected it. Between 1978 and 1981, Volvo acquired Beijerinvest , a trading company involved in the oil, food, and finance businesses. In 1981, those sectors represented about three quarters of Volvo's revenue, while the automotive sector amounted for most of the rest. In 1982, the company completed the acquisition of White Motor Corporation 's assets. In the early 1970s, French manufacturer Renault and Volvo started to collaborate. In 1978, Volvo Car Corporation

2183-483: The liberal use of soundproofing materials. At launch in 1992, the Safrane offered six engines including one diesel (all gasoline motors have a catalytic converter ) : Gasoline: Diesel: The Safrane's launch was free of the build quality problems that ruined the Renault 25's reputation. Critics praised the car's comfortable and spacious interior, excellent noise insulation, and incisive handling . However,

2242-580: The same size, introduced a few months later in the Audi 100 . In 1994, Renault launched the high-performance Biturbo version available in RXE and Baccara models. This model featured a twin-turbo , 262 PS (193 kW; 258 hp) evolution of the 3.0 L V6 of the Alpine A610 , developed with the assistance of German tuning firms Hartge and Irmscher , coupled with all-wheel drive . However, it

2301-588: The scope of the registered protection for the Volvo trademarks. The main business is also to act against unauthorised registration and use (including counterfeiting ) of trademarks identical or similar to the Volvo trademarks on a global basis. Volvo has a strategic collaboration within research and recruitment with a number of selected colleges and universities, such as Penn State University , INSA Lyon , EMLYON  Business School , NC State University , Sophia University , Chalmers University of Technology , The Gothenburg School of Business, Economics and Law at

2360-598: The share capital and 17.2% of the voting rights at the time of transaction) for €1.6 billion, leaving Swedish industrial investment group Aktiebolaget Industrivärden as the largest shareholder, with 6.2% of the share capital and 18.7% of the voting rights. That same year, Volvo sold Volvo Aero to the British company GKN . In 2017 Volvo Cars owner Geely became the largest Volvo shareholder by number of shares after acquiring an 8.2% stake, displacing Industrivärden. Industrivärden kept more voting rights than Geely (Geely getting

2419-513: The shift quality issue, while a new Aisin Warner automatic transmission replaced the somewhat unreliable Renault unit. The engine lineup was completely renewed: Gasoline: Diesel: The four- and five-cylinder petrol engines were Volvo designs and their inclusion in the Safrane lineup was a result of Renault's short-lived alliance with the Swedish carmaker during the beginning of the 1990s (the B41

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2478-703: The states of the Persian Gulf, the Latitude was sold as the Safrane. Renault Samsung SM5#Second generation .28A34R.29 The Renault Samsung SM5 is a mid-size car or large family car ( D-segment in Europe ) produced by the South Korean manufacturer Renault Samsung Motors , with technical assistance from Japanese automaker Nissan . Between 1998 and 2012, Renault Samsung Motors had produced 680,000 SM5 models. In 2018, 10,002 models were made at

2537-627: The third generation model was released and began to be sold along with the previous model. Based on the Renault Laguna and designed in Seoul , the New SM5 is manufactured at the firm’s Busan plant in South Korea . The SM5 was planned to be introduced in the U.S. and Canadian markets in 2014, under the Mitsubishi brand, but this plan has since been canceled. It is available with

2596-426: The timing, however, this tool can also be used on the same Volvo engines. The 2.5 engine is technically a 2.4, being 2435 cc, but was rounded upwards by Renault. Volvo badges the 2435 cc engine both as a 2.4 and a 2.5. The Safrane 2.5 engine is not a B5244S, but a Volvo B5254FS engine. The Safrane has a compression ratio of 10.5:1 instead of the 10.3:1 of the B5244S. Although the head gaskets are very similar,

2655-430: The trademark for all its bearing products. In 1924, Assar Gabrielsson , an SKF sales manager, and Gustav Larson , a KTH educated engineer, decided to start construction of a Swedish car. They intended to build cars that could withstand the rigours of the country's rough roads and cold temperatures. AB Volvo began activities on 10 August 1926. After one year of preparations involving the production of ten prototypes,

2714-479: The traditional preference for saloon bodies in the executive car segment. The engines are mounted transversely and drive through the front wheels , with four-wheel drive also available on some versions. The Safrane was built with a range of petrol or diesel engines and manual or automatic transmissions. All petrol engines were fuel injected and were fitted with three way catalytic converters , as required in Europe after 1993 for engines of all sizes. The Safrane

2773-535: The twentieth century. Automobile manufacturer Volvo Cars , also based in Gothenburg, was part of AB Volvo until 1999, when it was sold to the Ford Motor Company . Since 2010 Volvo Cars has been owned by the automotive company Geely Holding Group . Both AB Volvo and Volvo Cars share the Volvo logo and cooperate in running the Volvo Museum in Gothenburg, Sweden. The corporation was first listed on

2832-682: Was acquired in 1935, providing a secure supply of engines and entry into the marine engine market. The first bus, named B1, was launched in 1934, and aircraft engines were added to the growing range of products at the beginning of the 1940s. Volvo was also responsible for producing the Stridsvagn m/42 . In 1963, Volvo opened the Volvo Halifax Assembly plant, the first assembly plant in the company's history outside of Sweden in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada . In 1950, Volvo acquired

2891-480: Was also fitted in the Laguna). The V6 was an all-new design by PSA and Renault. The turbodiesel was an all-new in-house design. While the Volvo engine designs would externally appear to be unchanged, there are some subtle differences. The engine mounts are one example along with the oil filter mounting, power steering pump, ECU, and timing belt cover. The AisinWarner gearbox appears to be unaffected though there may be

2950-479: Was also the first Renault to be equipped with airbags . The Safrane's design was a deliberate effort to overcome the R25's main weaknesses — insufficient chassis stiffness and poor build quality. Renault was also keen to take noise reduction to best-in-class levels. These constraints resulted in a much heavier car than its predecessor (+200–300 kg / 440-660 lb.) due to a heavily reinforced chassis and

3009-537: Was like a station wagon version of the Safrane Biturbo in luxury Baccara trim. The Safrane received a major upgrade in July 1996 to revive sales. The front and rear ends of the car were restyled in a much more modern fashion and the equipment levels were upgraded. The concept that every trim level featured a slightly different front end was retained. A redesign of the manual transmission's cable actuator solved

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3068-603: Was only available with a manual transmission, as no automatic gearbox existed for a transversely mounted engine of that horsepower with AWD. Automatic transmissions and V8 engines are strongly preferred in the price class where Biturbo competed, therefore, only 806 Biturbos were made. Production ended in September 1996. In the same year, the French coachbuilder Heuliez presented the Safrane Long Cours, which

3127-572: Was placed within Ford's Premier Automotive Group alongside Jaguar , Land Rover and Aston Martin . Volvo engineering resources and components would be used in various Ford, Land Rover and Aston Martin products, with the second generation Land Rover Freelander designed on the same platform as the second generation Volvo S80. The Volvo T5 petrol engine was used in the Ford Focus ST and RS performance models, and Volvo's satellite navigation system

3186-523: Was replaced by the much more radically styled Vel Satis , accompanied by the Avantime . The Vel Satis did not see sales increase, while the Avantime's design suffered in the marketplace and the model was quickly discontinued. Lowest trim level. Available Engines: 2.1 dT, 2.5dT, 2.0i, 2.2Si. Externally: the mirrors are painted body colour and the vehicle has a simple hubcap design. ABS was optional for

3245-577: Was sold to Volvo during January 2001, and Volvo renamed it Renault Trucks in 2002. Renault became AB Volvo's biggest shareholder, with a 19.9% stake (in shares and voting rights) as part of the deal. Renault increased its shareholding to 21.7% by 2010. AB Volvo acquired 13% of the shares in the Japanese truck manufacturer Nissan Diesel (later renamed UD Trucks) from Nissan (part of the Renault-Nissan Alliance ) during 2006, becoming

3304-505: Was spun off as a separate company within the Volvo group and Renault acquired a minority stake, before selling it back in the 1980s after a restructuring. In the 1990s, Renault and Volvo deepened their collaboration and both companies partnered in purchasing, research and development and quality control while increasing their cross-ownership. Renault would assist Volvo with entry-level and medium segment vehicles and in return, Volvo would share technology with Renault in upper segments. In 1993,

3363-586: Was the Floby gearbox plant (100 kilometers to the northeast of Gothenburg), incorporated in 1958. In the 1960s and early 1970s, Volvo and its assembly partners opened plants in Canada, Belgium, Malaysia, and Australia. In the early part of that period Volvo also started to venture into vehicles other than passenger cars and road-going commercial vehicles by acquiring the Eskilstuna plant (Bolinder-Munktell). From

3422-423: Was used on certain Aston Martin Vanquish, DB9 and V8 Vantage models. In November 1999, Volvo Group purchased a 5% stake in Mitsubishi Motors, as part of a partnership deal for the truck and bus business. In 2001, after DaimlerChrysler bought a large Mitsubishi Motors stake, Volvo sold its shares to the former. Renault Véhicules Industriels (which included Mack Trucks , but not Renault's stake in Irisbus )

3481-420: Was widely chosen by customers. Self dipping nearside mirror whilst reversing; dual-zone air conditioning; rear leather electric seats (available until 1995) pneumatic suspension, Philips stereo; voice synthesiser; "Image" wheels; twin screen digital display including fuel consumption and remaining range. Along with the Phase 2 Safrane, Renault also offered a Safrane variant called the Questor, which also relied on

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