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177-515: Sailor Moon Eternal is a 2021 Japanese two-part animated action fantasy film directed by Chiaki Kon and written by Kazuyuki Fudeyasu based on the Dream arc of the Sailor Moon manga by Naoko Takeuchi , who also serves as a chief supervisor. Co-produced by Toei Animation and Studio Deen and distributed by Toei Company , Eternal is a direct continuation and a "fourth season" for

354-540: A Studio Ghibli feature film directed by Hayao Miyazaki , won the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature at the 75th Academy Awards . It later became the highest-grossing anime film , earning more than $ 355 million. Since the 2000s, an increased number of anime works have been adaptations of light novels and visual novels ; successful examples include The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya and Fate/stay night (both 2006). Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba

531-767: A solar eclipse to breech her seal, Nehelenia decided to focus on conquering Earth. Several millennia later, taking the Sailor Quartet to serve her as the Amazoness Quartet, Nehelenia conquers Elysion before sending the Dead Moon Circus to defeat the Sailor Guardians and retrieve the Silver Crystal from Sailor Moon. Once the Sailor Guardians managed to defeat all of the minions, Nehelenia makes her presence known as she confronts

708-735: A black rose inside her, and Zirconia brings darkness to Earth with the nightmare energy she has accumulated. Sailor Saturn 's spirit talks to young Hotaru Tomoe, and restores her memories of her previous life. Hotaru then gives Haruka Tenoh , Michiru Kaioh , and Setsuna Meioh their crystals, allowing them to transform into Super Sailors Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, and Saturn; they also release Sailors Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, and Venus from PallaPalla's vines. Sailor Chibi Moon, Sailor Moon, and Tuxedo Mask arrive to help, but Zirconia mortally wounds Sailor Moon and Tuxedo Mask. Helios teleports Usagi and Mamoru to Elysion to save their lives with what purification power it has left. Sailors Chibi Moon and Saturn confront

885-460: A common characteristic feature being large and emotive eyes. The anime industry consists of over 430 production companies , including major studios such as Studio Ghibli , Kyoto Animation , Sunrise , Bones , Ufotable , MAPPA , Wit Studio , CoMix Wave Films , Madhouse, Inc. , TMS Entertainment , Pierrot , Production I.G , Nippon Animation and Toei Animation . Since the 1980s, the medium has also seen widespread international success with

1062-406: A common characteristic of American streaming television shows during the " Peak TV " era. The animation industry consists of more than 430 production companies with some of the major studios including Toei Animation , Gainax , Madhouse , Gonzo , Sunrise , Bones , TMS Entertainment , Nippon Animation , P.A.Works , Studio Pierrot , Production I.G , Ufotable and Studio Ghibli . Many of

1239-510: A cure for its toothache. She often summons ball-like lemures or uses dolls as part of her attacks, and likes to attack groups of people rather than one at a time. All of the Lemures she summons have two faces, a good one and an evil one, reflecting her own dual nature. She is voiced by Machiko Toyoshima in the first anime, and by Sumire Morohoshi in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In

1416-686: A dark shade is used. However, not all anime characters have large eyes. For example, the works of Hayao Miyazaki are known for having realistically proportioned eyes, as well as realistic hair colors on their characters. Hair in anime is often unnaturally lively and colorful or uniquely styled. The movement of hair in anime is exaggerated and "hair actions" is used to emphasize the action and emotions of characters for added visual effect. Poitras traces hairstyle color to cover illustrations on manga, where eye-catching artwork and colorful tones are attractive for children's manga. Some anime will depict non-Japanese characters with specific ethnic features, such as

1593-517: A deep sleep somewhere within the Amazon Jungle , awaiting the time when they could become the future protectors of Sailor Chibi Moon , analogous to Princess Serenity's four Inner Guardians and to Prince Endymion's four Four Kings of Heaven . However, Queen Nehelenia woke them prematurely and forced them to work for her. At her defeat, they are returned to their true forms by Usagi (in the form of Neo-Queen Serenity) and to their long sleep. During

1770-414: A distinct set of conventions. Unlike Disney animation, where the emphasis is on the movement, anime emphasizes the art quality and let limited animation techniques make up for the lack of time spent on movement. Such techniques are often used not only to meet deadlines but also as artistic devices. Anime scenes place emphasis on achieving three-dimensional views, and backgrounds are instrumental in creating

1947-724: A diverse range of genres targeting an adult audience. Shōjo and shōnen anime sometimes contain elements popular with children of all genders in an attempt to gain crossover appeal. Adult anime may feature a slower pace or greater plot complexity that younger audiences may typically find unappealing, as well as adult themes and situations. A subset of adult anime works featuring pornographic elements are labeled "R18" in Japan, and are internationally known as hentai (originating from pervert ( 変態 , hentai ) ). By contrast, some anime subgenres incorporate ecchi , sexual themes or undertones without depictions of sexual intercourse , as typified in

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2124-633: A fixed iconography that is used as shorthand for certain emotions and moods. For example, a male character may develop a nosebleed when aroused. A variety of visual symbols are employed, including sweat drops to depict nervousness, visible blushing for embarrassment, or glowing eyes for an intense glare. Another recurring sight gag is the use of chibi (deformed, simplified character designs) figures to comedically punctuate emotions like confusion or embarrassment. The opening and credits sequences of most anime television series are accompanied by J-pop or J-rock songs, often by reputed bands—as written with

2301-490: A herb store, referred in non-binary terms in Sailor Moon Eternal , to give her and Chibiusa rings to inflict them with nightmares. But Makoto gains her 'Super Sailor Jupiter' form and kills Hawk's Eye with Jupiter Oak Evolution . Sailor Moon Eternal builds up Hawk's Eye's demise in accepting it as he realized his dream and uses his last moments to tell Sailor Jupiter to realize her dreams out of respect. In

2478-492: A major cel production company, announced it would stop cel production, producing an industry panic to procure cel imports and hastening the switch to digital processes. Prior to the digital era, anime was produced with traditional animation methods using a pose to pose approach. The majority of mainstream anime uses fewer expressive key frames and more in-between animation. Japanese animation studios were pioneers of many limited animation techniques, and have given anime

2655-545: A major role in this, through over time many legal alternatives appeared which significantly reduced illegal practices. Since the 2010s streaming services have become increasingly involved in the production, licensing and distribution of anime for the international markets. This is especially the case with net services such as Netflix and Crunchyroll which have large catalogs in Western countries, although until 2020 anime fans in multiple developing countries, such as India and

2832-517: A myth derived from the popularity of anime in France in the late 1970s and 1980s. In English, anime —when used as a common noun —normally functions as a mass noun . (For example: "Do you watch anime?" or "How much anime have you watched?") As with a few other Japanese words, such as saké and Pokémon , English texts sometimes spell anime as animé (as in French), with an acute accent over

3009-501: A nightmare. They became pawns of the Dead Moon and were made to her bidding. In the anime, she often speaks with a hard edge. She tends to dress in biker outfits outside of her circus uniform even though she is never shown to ride a motorbike. She likes to let her targets attain their dreams before she takes their dream mirrors which may be an oddball reference to the mothering aspect of the goddess Juno. She always summons male lemures;

3186-599: A positive review, and wrote "At its heart, Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Eternal The Movie is about overcoming evil with the power of love and friendship. And there's nothing more Sailor Moon than that". Lynzee Loveridge of Anime News Network gave a B approval rating and wrote " Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Eternal is a solid entry in the Sailor Moon canon that had the pieces to be something even better. You can put your worries aside as it routinely looks excellent and, occasionally, fantastic". Rosie Knight from IGN labeled

3363-568: A positive worldwide image and improve its relations with other countries such as its East Asian neighbours China and South Korea . In 2015, during remarks welcoming Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe to the White House, President Barack Obama thanked Japan for its cultural contributions to the United States by saying: This visit is a celebration of the ties of friendship and family that bind our peoples. I first felt it when I

3540-537: A pronounced nose and jutting jaw for European characters. In other cases, anime feature characters whose race or nationality is not always defined, and this is often a deliberate decision, such as in the Pokémon animated series. Anime and manga artists often draw from a common canon of iconic facial expression illustrations to denote particular moods and thoughts. These techniques are often different in form than their counterparts in Western animation, and they include

3717-565: A result, Nelehenia became obsessed with the notion of keeping herself young and beautiful so she consumed the dreams of her subjects, who became Lemures, and founded the Dead Moon Circus. Nelehenia sought the Golden Crystal possessed by Helios, who escaped her in the form of Pegasus, only to be later sealed by Queen Serenity within her mirror. To rectify her condition, during the events of the SuperS series, Nelehenia creates Zirconia to lead

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3894-403: A rise in sales of shows to television stations in Japan, caused by late night anime with adults as the target demographic . This type of anime is less popular outside Japan, being considered "more of a niche product ". Spirited Away (2001) was the all-time highest-grossing film in Japan until overtaken by Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Movie: Mugen Train in 2020. It was also

4071-730: A shortening of the English word animation ) is hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan . Outside Japan and in English, anime refers specifically to animation produced in Japan. However, in Japan and in Japanese, anime describes all animated works, regardless of style or origin. Many works of animation with a similar style to Japanese animation are also produced outside Japan. Video games sometimes also feature themes and art styles that are sometimes labelled as anime. The earliest commercial Japanese animation dates to 1917. A characteristic art style emerged in

4248-522: A slight increase in production costs and animator pays during the COVID-19 pandemic. Throughout 2020 and 2021 the American streaming service Netflix announced that it will greatly invest and fund the anime industry as well as support training programs for new animators. On April 27, 2023, Nippon Anime Film Culture Association (NAFCA) was officially founded. The association aims to solve problems in

4425-560: A sponsorship from the Imperial Japanese Navy . The 1950s saw a proliferation of short, animated advertisements created for television. In the 1960s, manga artist and animator Osamu Tezuka adapted and simplified Disney animation techniques to reduce costs and limit frame counts in his productions. Originally intended as temporary measures to allow him to produce material on a tight schedule with inexperienced staff, many of his limited animation practices came to define

4602-497: A television series produced by Gainax and directed by Hideaki Anno , began another era of experimental anime titles, such as Ghost in the Shell (1995) and Cowboy Bebop (1998). In the 1990s, anime also began attracting greater interest in Western countries; major international successes include Sailor Moon and Dragon Ball Z , both of which were dubbed into more than a dozen languages worldwide. In 2003, Spirited Away ,

4779-565: A time. However, the girls break free of them and transform with their respective Sailor Crystals into their Super forms, enabling them to destroy the Amazon Trio. Helios reveals that Mamoru's incessant chest pain are caused by Nehelenia's curse on Elysion, a sacred place within Earth, which also caused Helios to turn into a pegasus, imprisoning him in a cage from which he is astral projecting . Sailor Moon promises to heal Mamoru and hugs him, but

4956-402: A trap. She powers up and defeats Fish Eye with Mercury Aqua Rhapsody , and he is killed soon after by Sailor Moon and Sailor Chibi Moon. In the anime, he is called “Fish’s Eye”, and like Tiger's Eye and Hawk's Eye, he targets his ideal romantic interests, which are young males. His magical attacks are water-based, but his primary choice of attack is knife-throwing (which, to his frustration, he

5133-550: A weapon, or to spy on her underlings. When Zircon is hit hard, any images it has gathered but not yet presented become distorted. It can also be used as a weapon with which to remove a human's Dream Mirror, similar to the Amazon Stones of the Quartet. Xenotime ( ゼノタイム , Zenotaimu ) and Zeolite ( ゼオライト , Zeoraito ) are knife-throwing twins who, after the failures of the Amazon Trio, volunteer their services to

5310-455: A whole, they do share some similar attributes in terms of animation technique and character design. Anime is fundamentally characterized by the use of limited animation, flat expression, the suspension of time, its thematic range, the presence of historical figures, its complex narrative line and, above all, a peculiar drawing style, with characters characterized by large and oval eyes, with very defined lines, bright colors and reduced movement of

5487-500: A work to be considered "anime". The etymology of the term anime is disputed. The English word "animation" is written in Japanese katakana as アニメーション ( animēshon ) and as アニメ ( anime , pronounced [a.ɲi.me] ) in its shortened form. Some sources claim that the term is derived from the French term for animation dessin animé ("cartoon", literally 'animated drawing'), but others believe this to be

Sailor Moon Eternal - Misplaced Pages Continue

5664-598: Is Ryotaro Okiayu , while Satoshi Hino voices him in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation, he is voiced by Jason Barr. In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, he is voiced by John Eric Bentley. In the stage musicals, he is played by Ryuji Kasahara. Hawk's Eye ( ホークス・アイ , Hōkusu Ai )

5841-604: Is mecha , with the Gundam metaseries being iconic. The diverse fantasy genre includes works based on Asian and Western traditions and folklore; examples include the Japanese feudal fairytale InuYasha , and the depiction of Scandinavian goddesses who move to Japan to maintain a computer called Yggdrasil in Ah! My Goddess . Genre crossing in anime is also prevalent, such as the blend of fantasy and comedy in Dragon Half , and

6018-520: Is a diverse medium with distinctive production methods that have adapted in response to emergent technologies. It combines graphic art, characterization, cinematography, and other forms of imaginative and individualistic techniques. Compared to Western animation, anime production generally focuses less on movement, and more on the detail of settings and use of "camera effects", such as panning, zooming, and angle shots. Diverse art styles are used, and character proportions and features can be quite varied, with

6195-407: Is actually Sailor Pallas ( セーラーパラス , Sērā Parasu ) , one of the four protectors of Chibiusa. In the Crystal film Sailor Moon Eternal , it is from Sailor Pallas revealed that Nehelenia found them and noticed their dormant power, she cursed them to forced to awaken into a nightmare. They became pawns of the Dead Moon and were made to her bidding. In the anime, she speaks in third person and

6372-460: Is athletic and somewhat impulsive. JunJun is referred to as the Magician of Acrobatic Feats. Her Sailor Guardian counterpart is Sailor Jupiter , and her color is green. She is described by Takeuchi as a vulgar "Yankee"—Japanese slang for a delinquent or rebellious youth —and uses very informal male speech . She is also said to have dark skin and is the third sister, which corresponds to

6549-414: Is changed to "Selesele" and she is voiced by Megan McChesney . In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, she is voiced by Cassandra Lee Morris . In the musicals, she is played by Shiori Eguchi and Risa Honma , the latter of whom later went on to play Sailor Mars . PallaPalla ( パラパラ , ParaPara ) is the blue-haired , childlike member of

6726-509: Is changed to male. In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, she is voiced by Barbara Goodson . Queen Nehelenia ( 女王ネヘレニア , Joō Neherenia ) , leader of the Dead Moon Circus, is named after the ancient goddess Nehalennia . Nehelenia is like the dark mirror image of Queen Serenity ; the self-styled Queen of the dark center of the Moon that existed since Silver Millennium who possesses

6903-493: Is decorated in bows and a flower. Takeuchi has stated that CereCere is sexy and talks in a very aristocratic tone. She is the eldest sister, which corresponds to the order of discovery of the asteroid she is named after - 1 Ceres , which is also classified as a dwarf planet ; she is also named after the Roman goddess Ceres . Later in the manga it is revealed that she is actually Sailor Ceres ( セーラーセレス , Sērā Seresu ) , one of

7080-414: Is destroyed upon serving her purpose. In the two-part movie Sailor Moon Eternal (which follows Sailor Moon Crystal season three), Zirconia's role in the film is the same as the manga. Zirconia is voiced by Hisako Kyōda and Naomi Watanabe in the Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation she is voiced by Robert Bockstael voice-matching Frank Oz and her gender

7257-424: Is equally childish as she is in the manga. Nevertheless, she shows some signs of cleverness, such as pointing out that the arrangement of the curtains is wrong in one episode (when no one else saw it), setting up a popular dentist office in another, and using a doll to manipulate the Sailor Guardians in yet another. The other Amazonesses think she is very dangerous; in one episode she rips the head off her own doll as

Sailor Moon Eternal - Misplaced Pages Continue

7434-521: Is given the same curse as Mamoru. Minako Aino is unable to transform, and the Amazoness VesVes sends two knife-throwing twins, Xenotime and Zeolite , after her. In the ensuing conflict, VesVes sends Minako falling to her death, but Artemis intervenes and gives Minako her crystal, enabling her to transform into Super Sailor Venus and destroy Xenotime and Zeolite. PallaPalla then traps the four Sailor Guardians in vines. Usagi then falls ill from

7611-494: Is largely credited with popularizing anime in the Western world during the early 1990s, before anime was further popularized by television shows such as Pokémon and Dragon Ball Z in the late 1990s. By 1997, Japanese anime was the fastest-growing genre in the American video industry. The growth of the Internet later provided international audiences with an easy way to access Japanese content. Early on, online piracy played

7788-640: Is led by the twisted Zirconia , in command by the absence of the dark Queen Nehelenia who is trapped within a mirror. Zirconia is searching for the legendary Golden Crystal, which will allow Nehelenia to break free of her entrapment and take over the Earth . They are the only group of villains with two subordinate groups: the Amazon Trio and the Amazoness Quartet . Zirconia ( ジルコニア , Jirukonia ) appears as an old woman with lavender skin who

7965-402: Is made in episode 130, his victim being Usagi's mother, Ikuko Tsukino . Hawk's Eye is killed by the lemures Mr. Magic Pierrot, who is sent by PallaPalla to eliminate the trio. However, Pegasus revives him and he is sent to Elysion with the others. He is voiced by Toshio Furukawa in the first anime adaptation, while Toshiyuki Toyonaga voices him in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In

8142-495: Is my first time working as a character designer for the latter part of the series, which makes me wanna work even harder. Please continue to support Sailor Moon !" At the time of production, the film's original name was Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Crystal The Movie -Dead Moon arc- ( 劇場版「美少女戦士セーラームーン Crystal （ クリスタル ） 」＜デッド・ムーン編＞ , Gekijōban Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn Kurisutaru Dēddō Mūn Hen ) . On June 30, 2019, more staff has been revealed: Kazuyuki Fudeyasu wrote

8319-470: Is not unprecedented within this adapted series: Zoisite and Zirconia also had their genders changed. However, the female Fisheye's voice seemed to waver between effeminacy and boyishness, and the TV version of the dub slightly edited a fairly noticeable scene in which Fisheye is seen without a shirt— the chest was placed off-camera. In the uncut DVD, the many references to Fisheye as female are retained, but

8496-439: Is not very good at). Crossdressing is the basis of many of his disguises, as he is usually able to pass himself off as a woman to attract his targets, who are generally heterosexual males (he portrayed his gender honestly to the one gay target he had). Undisguised, he speaks Japanese with exclusively masculine pronouns , such as boku when referring to himself. Fish Eye is the first of the three to wonder if what they are doing

8673-449: Is now its largest industry sector). By 2025 the anime industry is expected to reach a value of $ 30 billion with over 60% of that revenue coming from overseas. Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO) valued the domestic anime market in Japan at ¥2.4 trillion ( $ 24 billion ), including ¥2 trillion from licensed products, in 2005. JETRO reported sales of overseas anime exports in 2004 to be ¥2 trillion ( $ 18 billion ). JETRO valued

8850-469: Is revealed to be a be manifestation of Queen Nehelenia, overseeing the Dead Moon Circus in the real world. Her name is derived from the mineral Zirconium dioxide , which is often called Zirconia . Her connection to Nehelenia varies from version to version. In the Cloverway Inc. English-language adaptation, Zirconia's gender was changed from female to male, though the character's original depiction

9027-459: Is right, and his wavering loyalty lands him in hot water when he is nearly killed by Zirconia. Fish Eye was killed when he and Tiger's Eye gave up their power to rebuild Usagi's destroyed Dream Mirror. However, Pegasus revives him, and he is sent to Elysion with the others, given the promise of rebirth as real humans.. Fish Eye was changed to a woman in Cloverway's English dub of the anime, which

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9204-412: Is sometimes mistakenly classified as a genre itself. In Japanese, the term anime is used to refer to all animated works, regardless of style or origin. English-language dictionaries typically define anime ( / ˈ æ n ɪ m eɪ / ) as "a style of Japanese animation" or as "a style of animation originating in Japan". Other definitions are based on origin, making production in Japan a requisite for

9381-624: Is styled with some hairdos such as a ponytail . In the Materials Collection , creator Naoko Takeuchi describes him as the Circus's "ball-balancing girl (??)", who one day dreams of becoming the "best ball-balancing girl (!) in the world"; emphasis is hers. She also compares his temperament to that of the excitable Mimete . Fish Eye has a very small part in the manga, in which he is sold to Ami Mizuno in fish form. He gives her nightmares about her father abandoning her, luring her into

9558-473: Is the pink haired, and most mature acting member of the Quartet. She is a trapeze artist for the Circus and is known as the Flower Magician. She is the leader of the Quartet. CereCere has light skin and wears pink, but has a yellow ball. She is very feminine and tries to be mature compared to the others in the Quartet. Her Sailor Guardian counterpart is Sailor Mercury and Sailor Venus . Her hair

9735-424: Is the same as the manga. However, she is destroyed alongside her mirror by Eternal Sailor Moon. In the original Japanese series, Nehelenia is voiced by Yoshiko Sakakibara while her purified reincarnated child version is voiced by Wakana Yamazaki . In Sailor Moon Eternal , she is voiced by Nanao . In the Cloverway English adaptation, her voice is supplied by Kate Trotter . In the Viz Media English adaptation and

9912-480: Is used to distinguish and identify Japanese animation. Emakimono and shadow plays ( kage-e ) are considered precursors of Japanese animation. Emakimono was common in the eleventh century. Traveling storytellers narrated legends and anecdotes while the emakimono was unrolled from the right to left in chronological order, as a moving panorama. Kage-e was popular during the Edo period and originated from

10089-409: Is voiced by Erik Scott Kimerer . In the stage musicals, Fisheye is portrayed by female actresses Tae Kimura and Midori Ichige. The Amazoness Quartet ( アマゾネス・カルテット , Amazonesu Karutetto ) consists of CereCere, PallaPalla, JunJun, and VesVes. Their attacks are derived from circus skills, with each having a specific talent. In the manga, they also created and commanded the Amazon Trio to attack

10266-467: The Sailor Moon Crystal anime series. The two-part film stars Kotono Mitsuishi as the voice of Sailor Moon alongside Hisako Kanemoto , Rina Satō , Ami Koshimizu , Shizuka Itō , Misato Fukuen , Kenji Nojima , Junko Minagawa , Sayaka Ohara , Ai Maeda , Yukiyo Fujii , Ryō Hirohashi , Taishi Murata , Shoko Nakagawa , Yoshitsugu Matsuoka , Naomi Watanabe , and Nanao . Eternal

10443-413: The Crystal film Sailor Moon Eternal , it is from Sailor Pallas revealed that Nehelenia found them and noticed their dormant power, she cursed them to forced to awaken into a nightmare. They became pawns of the Dead Moon and were made to her bidding. In the anime, VesVes can appear to lack a sense of reality, rushing into things without realizing what she is doing. She is not as picky about her targets as

10620-533: The Guinness World Record for the "Most in-demand animated TV show" with a global demand rating 71.2 times than that of the average TV show, previously held by Attack on Titan . Anime differs from other forms of animation by its art styles, methods of animation, its production, and its process. Visually, anime works exhibit a wide variety of art styles, differing between creators, artists, and studios. While no single art style predominates anime as

10797-535: The Philippines , had fewer options for obtaining access to legal content, and therefore would still turn to online piracy. However beginning with the 2020s anime has been experiencing yet another boom in global popularity and demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic and streaming services like Netflix, Amazon Prime Video , HBO Max , Disney+ , Hulu and anime-only services like Crunchyroll and Hidive , increasing

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10974-586: The Sailor Moon 30th anniversary livestream, the sequel covering the Stars arc of the manga, was announced as a two-part anime film, titled Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Cosmos The Movie ( 劇場版「美少女戦士セーラームーン Cosmos （ コスモス ） 」 , Gekijōban Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn Kosumosu ) . Cosmos was released in Japan on June 9 and 30, 2023, respectively, and began streaming on Netflix worldwide on August 22, 2024. Anime Anime ( Japanese : アニメ , IPA: [aꜜɲime] ) (a term derived from

11151-639: The United Kingdom wanting to get a degree in the Japanese language . The word anime alongside other Japanese pop cultural terms like shonen , shojo and isekai have been added to the Oxford English Dictionary . Various anime and manga series have influenced Hollywood in the making of numerous famous movies and characters. Hollywood itself has produced live-action adaptations of various anime series such as Ghost in

11328-450: The highest-grossing anime film worldwide until it was overtaken by Makoto Shinkai 's 2016 film Your Name . Anime films represent a large part of the highest-grossing Japanese films yearly in Japan, with 6 out of the top 10 in 2014 , 2015 and also in 2016 . Anime has to be licensed by companies in other countries in order to be legally released. While anime has been licensed by its Japanese owners for use outside Japan since at least

11505-589: The real robot genre. Robot anime series such as Gundam and Super Dimension Fortress Macross became instant classics in the 1980s, and the genre remained one of the most popular in the following decades. The bubble economy of the 1980s spurred a new era of high-budget and experimental anime films, including Nausicaä of the Valley of the Wind (1984), Royal Space Force: The Wings of Honnêamise (1987), and Akira (1988). Neon Genesis Evangelion (1995),

11682-493: The stage musicals , with a substantially different background. Here they are homunculus created by Professor Tomoe , and are known as the Samael Quartet . They are portrayed as young children around Chibiusa's apparent age, instead of their normal ages. They are created from Chibiusa's starseed , and are linked to her, having the power to transform into Sailor Guardians as a result. CereCere ( セレセレ , SereSere )

11859-675: The "fathers of anime") produced numerous films, the oldest surviving of which is Kōuchi's Namakura Gatana . Many early works were lost with the destruction of Shimokawa's warehouse in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake . By the mid-1930s, animation was well-established in Japan as an alternative format to the live-action industry. It suffered competition from foreign producers, such as Disney , and many animators, including Noburō Ōfuji and Yasuji Murata , continued to work with cheaper cutout animation rather than cel animation . Other creators, including Kenzō Masaoka and Mitsuyo Seo , nevertheless made great strides in technique, benefiting from

12036-456: The 1960s with the works of cartoonist Osamu Tezuka and spread in following decades, developing a large domestic audience. Anime is distributed theatrically, through television broadcasts, directly to home media , and over the Internet . In addition to original works, anime are often adaptations of Japanese comics ( manga ), light novels , or video games . It is classified into numerous genres targeting various broad and niche audiences. Anime

12213-537: The 1960s, the practice became well-established in the United States in the late 1970s to early 1980s, when such TV series as Gatchaman and Captain Harlock were licensed from their Japanese parent companies for distribution in the US market. The trend towards American distribution of anime continued into the 1980s with the licensing of titles such as Voltron and the 'creation' of new series such as Robotech through

12390-534: The 1980s and 1990s. These mass imports influenced anime popularity in Latin American , Arabic and German markets. The beginning of 1980 saw the introduction of Japanese anime series into the American culture. In the 1990s, Japanese animation slowly gained popularity in America. Media companies such as Viz and Mixx began publishing and releasing animation into the American market. The 1988 film Akira

12567-438: The 1990s. Since this practice raises concerns for copyright and piracy issues, fansubbers tend to adhere to an unwritten moral code to destroy or no longer distribute an anime once an official translated or subtitled version becomes licensed. They also try to encourage viewers to buy an official copy of the release once it comes out in English, although fansubs typically continue to circulate through file-sharing networks. Even so,

12744-471: The 2020s anime songs have experienced a rapid growth in global online popularity due to their widened availability on music streaming services like Spotify and promotion by fans and artists on social media. In 2023, the opening theme " Idol " by Yoasobi of the anime series Oshi no Ko topped the Billboard Global 200 Excl. U.S. charts with 45.7 million streams and 24,000 copies sold outside

12921-422: The 90s anime, he often gets into fights with Tiger's Eye, though their relationship is rather love-hate, and their arguments are usually playful. His attacks are fire-based, and uses a torch as his primary weapon. His targets reflect his romantic preferences, in this case older women (to contrast with Tiger's Eye's preference for younger girls). He first appears in episode 128 of the anime but his first offensive move

13098-536: The Amazon Trio dream mirrors, knowing that the trio have suffered greatly and have truly changed for the better. They cannot, however, retain their current forms as humans and are taken away by Pegasus to the Crystal Forest. As he places them within the forest, he promises that one day they will be reborn as the humans they wish to be, with their beautiful dreams intact. In the two-part movie Sailor Moon Eternal (which follows Sailor Moon Crystal season three),

13275-602: The Amazon Trio trapped Sailor Mercury, Sailor Mars, and Sailor Jupiter in nightmares. They break free and destroy the Amazon Trio. In the musical Shin Densetsu Kourin , Sailor Galaxia recruits them as her minions. However, in the second stage of the musical, they change their minds and join Sailor Moon instead; since the Sailor Starlights do not appear in this musical, the task of protecting her after

13452-546: The Amazoness Quartet inside a tent, and Saturn reveals the Amazoness Quartet were corrupted by Nehelenia's nightmare power. As the Amazoness Quartet start to come to their senses, Zirconia imprisons them inside orbs, and traps Chibi Moon and Saturn inside shards of glass, before putting all six inside Nehelenia's mirror. In Elysion, Helios explains to Usagi and Mamoru that the Golden Kingdom used to exist in Elysion, and

13629-435: The Amazoness Quartet. Xenotime, disguised as a talent scout, invites Minako to a fake idol audition set up by the twins and the Quartet in which the participants must undertake a 'survival audition' in a jungle setting. The participants, encouraged by the folk of the Dead Moon, become aggressive and fall prey to the Lemures but Sailors Mercury, Mars and Jupiter intervene before the same can happen to Minako, who has not received

13806-654: The Amazoness Quartet: CereCere, PallaPalla, JunJun, and VesVes. In September 2020, it was announced that the Japanese comedian, fashion designer and actress Naomi Watanabe was cast as Zirconia. The following month, Japanese model and actress Nanao was cast as Queen Nehelenia. Yasuharu Takanashi returned to compose the music for the two-part film. The theme song for the two-part film is " Moon Color Chainon " ( 月色Chainon , Tsukiiro Chainon ) , performed by Momoiro Clover Z with Sailor5Guardians. The song's lyrics were written by Naoko Takeuchi (under

13983-457: The Cloverway English adaptation, he is voiced by Benji Plener. In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, he is voiced by Michael Yurchak. He is played by Hikari Ono in the stage musicals. Fish Eye ( フィッシュ・アイ , Fisshu Ai ) was a fish that was turned into a human by Zirconia. He takes the form of a slender, effeminate man with long, pale blue and green hair. In some disguises, he

14160-452: The Cloverway English adaptation, her name is changed to "Parapara" and her voice is supplied by Jen Gould . In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, she is voiced by Xanthe Huynh . In the musicals, she is played by Kurumi Nishijima and Seira Saeki. JunJun ( ジュンジュン , JunJun ) is the green -haired tomboy of the Quartet. She

14337-518: The DVD format which offered the unique advantages; including multiple subtitling and dubbing tracks on the same disc. The DVD format also has its drawbacks in its usage of region coding ; adopted by the industry to solve licensing, piracy and export problems and restricted region indicated on the DVD player. The Video CD (VCD) format was popular in Hong Kong and Taiwan, but became only a minor format in

14514-645: The Dead Moon Circus to hunt down Pegasus. Eventually learning of Helios's close friendship with Chibiusa, Nehelenia realizes that she is the holder of the Golden Dream Mirror that Pegasus is inhabiting. Once obtaining the Golden Crystal, Nelehenia breaks from her mirror and attempts to use its power when the Amazones Quartet steal it to give it to the Sailor Guardians who, along with the people of Earth, break Nehelenia's spell, revealing her true aged form. Nehelenia re-enters her imprisonment within

14691-601: The Global TV Demand Awards. Attack on Titan became the first ever non-English language series to earn the title of "World's Most In-Demand TV Show", previously held by only The Walking Dead and Game of Thrones . In 2024, the anime series Jujutsu Kaisen won the award of "Most In-Demand TV Series in the World 2023" in the Global TV Demand Awards. Rising interest in anime as well as Japanese video games has led to an increase of university students in

14868-484: The Golden Crystal is Earth and Elysion's counterpart to the Silver Millennium's Silver Crystal. Usagi then realizes the Golden Crystal is inside Mamoru, just as the Silver Crystal was sealed inside her. After Helios sends Usagi and Mamoru back to the surface, Zirconia incapacitates them with a fog around Jūban. In a dying act, Helios sends Elysion's purifying crystals to Earth, blocking Zirconia's fog, and heals

15045-465: The Internet has led some animators to distribute works online in a format called " original net animation " (ONA). The home distribution of anime releases was popularized in the 1980s with the VHS and LaserDisc formats. The VHS NTSC video format used in both Japan and the United States is credited with aiding the rising popularity of anime in the 1990s. The LaserDisc and VHS formats were transcended by

15222-454: The Japanese film market, above the 4.6% market share for live-action works. The popularity and success of anime is seen through the profitability of the DVD market, contributing nearly 70% of total sales. According to a 2016 article on Nikkei Asian Review , Japanese television stations have bought over ¥60 billion worth of anime from production companies "over the past few years", compared with under ¥20 billion from overseas. There has been

15399-514: The Movie: Mugen Train became the highest-grossing Japanese film and one of the world's highest-grossing films of 2020. It also became the fastest grossing film in Japanese cinema, because in 10 days it made 10 billion yen ($ 95.3m; £72m). It beat the previous record of Spirited Away which took 25 days. In 2021, the anime adaptations of Jujutsu Kaisen , Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba and Tokyo Revengers were among

15576-416: The Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, she is voiced by Erica Lindbeck . In the musicals, she is played by Miho Suzuki . Zircon ( ジルコン , Jirukon ) is Zirconia's companion and tool, a flaming eyeball with wings. In the beginning, it simply floats around her staff, but later can fly anywhere, and Zirconia uses it to gather images of those with beautiful dreams. She also uses it as

15753-423: The Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, she is voiced by Laura Post . In the musicals , Nehelenia is portrayed by Kaori Ishikawa. The Amazon Trio ( アマゾントリオ , Amazon Torio ) consists of Fish Eye, Tiger's Eye, and Hawk's Eye. They are created from animals from the circus by the Amazoness Quartet to destroy the Sailor Guardians. They each respectively target a relevant Guardian to kill;

15930-497: The Quartet, Zirconia captures all of them, imprisoning the Quartet inside four magic balls and Saturn and Chibi Moon within two shards of broken mirror. She sends the objects through the mirror to Nehelenia. When the Sailor Guardians confront her, she rises into the sky and grows in size, but the Sailor Guardians use Sailor Planet Power Meditation to defeat her. Zirconia escapes into Nehelenia's mirror with Sailor Moon in pursuit, Zirconia remaining within it and likely ceasing to exist upon

16107-477: The Quartet. She uses ball-based attacks. She is called the Magician of Balancing Balls. Her Sailor Guardian counterpart is Sailor Venus and Sailor Mercury , and her color is blue. Takeuchi listed her as being a bimbo , childish but yet smart. She is the youngest, which corresponds to the number of her asteroid, Pallas . She was also named after the Greek goddess Pallas Athena . In the manga, it's revealed that she

16284-426: The Sailor Guardians before revealing her tragic past to a powerless Usagi. However, Nehelenia is ultimately redeemed by the Sailor Guardians' forgiveness, and reborn as a small child. Signs point to her having learned her lesson, as she is seen making an effort to become close to her subjects as true friends. In the two-part movie Sailor Moon Eternal (which follows Sailor Moon Crystal season three), Nehelenia's role

16461-469: The Sailor Guardians in Elysion and takes the Silver Crystal. But Nelehenia loses the crystal when its power combined with Tuxedo Mask's newly awakened Golden Crystal prevented this yet again. Nehelenia is destroyed by Eternal Sailor Moon using the joined powers of all the Sailor Team, shriveling into a wizened old woman resembling Zirconia before she and her mirror dissolve into dust that is sealed within

16638-419: The Sailor Guardians like in the manga, the Amazon Trio share a different fate in the anime. After their many failures, Zirconia reveals to them their true natures (those of animals), and while she sends them to steal Usagi's dream mirror, she instructs PallaPalla to send a clown-like Lemures called Mr. Magic Pierrot to finish them. After Usagi's mirror is restored and Mr. Magic Pierrot is defeated, Pegasus grants

16815-752: The Sailor Guardians, whereas in the anime the Trio came before the Quartet and served Zirconia. In the Cloverway English adaptation, they are called the "Amazon Quartet". They are actually the Sailor Quartet —commonly referred to in English-speaking fandom as the "Asteroid Guardians", because they are named after the first four major asteroids to be discovered ( Ceres , Pallas , Juno , Vesta ). The four asteroids hold particular importance because they were originally considered planets in history before more were discovered. They had been placed in

16992-486: The Shell , Death Note , Dragon Ball Evolution and Cowboy Bebop . However most of these adaptations have been reviewed negatively by both the critics and the audience and have become box-office flops . The main reasons for the unsuccessfulness of Hollywood's adaptions of anime being the often change of plot and characters from the original source material and the limited capabilities a live-action movie or series can do in comparison to an animated counterpart. One of

17169-462: The Silver Crystal back. Super Sailor Moon transforms the other Sailor Guardians into their princess forms and summons Luna , Artemis, and Diana in human form. The other Eternal Sailor Guardians and Tuxedo Mask, using his Golden Crystal, transform Sailor Moon into Eternal Sailor Moon; she destroys Nehelenia and her mirror, restoring Earth and Elysion to normal. Eternal Sailor Chibi Moon uses her Pink Moon Crystal to revive Helios, causing him to realize she

17346-500: The Super Sailor Guardians, but they quickly destroy them. The circus' ringleader Zirconia is instructed by her master, Queen Nehelenia , to let the Super Sailor Guardians' nightmares take hold of them so she can obtain the Silver Crystal. PallaPalla sends the Amazon Trio members Fish Eye, Tiger's Eye, and Hawk's Eye to trap Ami Mizuno , Rei Hino , and Makoto Kino in their respective nightmares, one Guardian at

17523-542: The U.S. "Idol" has become the first Japanese song and anime song to top the Billboard Global chart as well as taking the first spot on the Apple Music 's Top 100: Global chart. Anime are often classified by target demographic, including children's ( 子供 , kodomo ) , girls' ( 少女 , shōjo ) , boys' ( 少年 , shōnen ) , young men ( 青年 , Seinen ) , young women ( 女性 , josei ) and

17700-596: The United States that was closely associated with bootleg copies. A key characteristic of many anime television shows is serialization, where a continuous story arc stretches over multiple episodes or seasons. Traditional American television had an episodic format, with each episode typically consisting of a self-contained story. In contrast, anime shows such as Dragon Ball Z had a serialization format, where continuous story arcs stretch over multiple episodes or seasons, which distinguished them from traditional American television shows; serialization has since also become

17877-408: The United States was worth approximately $ 2.74 billion in 2009. Dubbed animation began airing in the United States in 2000 on networks like The WB and Cartoon Network 's Adult Swim . In 2005, this resulted in five of the top ten anime titles having previously aired on Cartoon Network. As a part of localization, some editing of cultural references may occur to better follow the references of

18054-455: The Viking and Barbapapa , which aired in various countries. Italy , Spain , and France grew a particular interest in Japan's output, due to its cheap selling price and productive output. As of 2014, Italy imported the most anime outside Japan. Anime and manga were introduced to France in the late 1970s and became massively popular in spite of a moral panic led by French politicians in

18231-688: The Year . In the United States, anime films compete in the Crunchyroll Anime Awards . There were also the American Anime Awards , which were designed to recognize excellence in anime titles nominated by the industry, and were held only once in 2006. Anime productions have also been nominated and won awards not exclusively for anime, like the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature or the Golden Bear . In recent years,

18408-492: The ability to inflict powerful curses. She made herself known at the celebration of Princess Serenity's birth, the confrontation that followed ending with Queen Serenity sealing Nehelenia within a mirror. Nehelenia used her final moments of freedom to curse the Moon Kingdom to fall before Princess Serenity could take the throne, making her the cause of Silver Millennium's destruction. With the Moon Kingdom no more, as she used

18585-406: The anime merchandising market was valued at about $ 950 million with the figurine segment accounting for most of the share and is expected to reach a value of over $ 2 billion by 2030. The global anime market size was valued at $ 26.055 billion in 2021 with 29% of the revenue coming from merchandise . It is expected that the global anime market will reach a value of $ 47.14 billion by 2028. By 2030

18762-510: The anime industry has been accused by both Japanese and foreign media of underpaying and overworking its animators. In response the Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida promised to improve the working conditions and salary of all animators and creators working in the industry. A few anime studios such as MAPPA have taken actions to improve the working conditions of their employees. There has also been

18939-498: The anime market in the United States at ¥520 billion ( $ 5.2 billion ), including $ 500 million in home video sales and over $ 4 billion from licensed products, in 2005. JETRO projected in 2005 that the worldwide anime market, including sales of licensed products, would grow to ¥10 trillion ( $ 100 billion ). The anime market in China was valued at $ 21 billion in 2017, and is projected to reach $ 31 billion by 2020. In Europe

19116-437: The anime, his targets of seduction are particularly younger women, as he uses his charming abilities to lure them into his traps until the right time to look into their dream mirrors in search of Pegasus. Tiger's Eye is killed when he and Fish's Eye relinquish their power to rebuild Usagi's destroyed Dream Mirror. However, Pegasus revives him and he is sent to Elysion with the others. In the first anime adaptation, his voice actor

19293-476: The area where the circus tent is. That night, Chibiusa dreams of riding Pegasus, who tells her that he needs the Golden Crystal to save his home realm of Elysion. When Chibiusa tries returning to the 30th century with Diana , the dark barrier stops her and prompts the Amazoness Quartet to send a tiger to investigate. Usagi and Chibiusa's brooches are upgraded, allowing them to transform into Super Sailors Moon and Chibi Moon. The Amazoness send some Lemures to fight

19470-459: The atmosphere of the work. The backgrounds are not always invented and are occasionally based on real locations, as exemplified in Howl's Moving Castle and The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya . Oppliger stated that anime is one of the rare mediums where putting together an all-star cast usually comes out looking "tremendously impressive". The cinematic effects of anime differentiates itself from

19647-426: The comedic or harem genres; due to its popularity among adolescent and adult anime enthusiasts, the inclusion of such elements is considered a form of fan service . Some genres explore homosexual romances, such as yaoi (male homosexuality) and yuri (female homosexuality). While often used in a pornographic context, the terms yaoi and yuri can also be used broadly in a wider context to describe or focus on

19824-444: The deaths of the Sailor Guardians is taken by the Amazon Trio. Tiger's Eye ( タイガーズ・アイ , Taigāzu Ai ) was a tiger turned into a human by Zirconia. His name is based on the quartz Tiger's eye . He takes the form of a tall, long haired blond man. He wears tight tiger-striped pants and a white top, and attacks with a whip. Tiger's Eye, in animal form, first assisted PallaPalla and VesVes in flushing out Usagi and Chibiusa when

20001-439: The early 20th century, when filmmakers started to experiment with techniques pioneered in France, Germany, the United States, and Russia. A claim for the earliest Japanese animation is Katsudō Shashin ( c.  1907 ), a private work by an unknown creator. In 1917, the first professional and publicly displayed works began to appear; animators such as Ōten Shimokawa , Seitarō Kitayama , and Jun'ichi Kōuchi (considered

20178-451: The early-2010s due to the advent of legal streaming services which simulcast new anime series often within a few hours of their domestic release. Since the 2010s, anime has become a global multibillion industry setting a sales record in 2017 of ¥2.15 trillion ($ 19.8 billion), driven largely by demand from overseas audiences. In 2019, Japan's anime industry was valued at $ 24 billion a year with 48% of that revenue coming from overseas (which

20355-501: The eclipse once more. It is revealed towards the end of the series that Nehelenia is just an incarnation of Chaos , the ultimate antagonist of the series. In the anime, Nelehenia was revealed to have been a queen of her own kingdom and adored by her people. Due to her childhood of having no real friends or loved ones, Nehelenia learned to love herself which led to her vanity which played into her madness when she asked an enchanted mirror to show her future and saw herself as an old hag. As

20532-461: The few particular exceptions to this includes Alita: Battle Angel , which has become a moderate commercial success, receiving generally positive reviews from both the critics and the audience for its visual effects and following the source material. The movie grossed $ 404 million worldwide, making it director Robert Rodriguez 's highest-grossing film. Anime and manga alongside many other imports of Japanese pop culture have helped Japan to gain

20709-429: The fifth story arc, they accompany Sailor Chibi Moon from the future to help in the fight against Shadow Galactica . The Sailor Quartet's uniforms are a cross between those worn by the Sailor Team in their first forms and their final forms, with the Quartet's own image colors. They are shown using two attacks as a group: Pink Lady's Freezing Kiss (all four of them plus Sailor Chibi Moon) and Amazoness! Jungle Arrow (used by

20886-409: The final e , to cue the reader to pronounce the letter, not to leave it silent as English orthography may suggest. Prior to the widespread use of anime , the term Japanimation , a portmanteau of Japan and animation, was prevalent throughout the 1970s and 1980s. In the mid-1980s, the term anime began to supplant Japanimation ; in general, the latter term now only appears in period works where it

21063-403: The first televised and first color anime to debut. It was not until the 1960s when the first televised series were broadcast and it has remained a popular medium since. Works released in a direct-to-video format are called " original video animation " (OVA) or "original animation video" (OAV); and are typically not released theatrically or televised prior to home media release. The emergence of

21240-825: The first time in history. The anime industry has several annual awards that honor the year's best works. Major annual awards in Japan include the Ōfuji Noburō Award , the Mainichi Film Award for Best Animation Film , the Animation Kobe Awards, the Japan Media Arts Festival animation awards, the Seiyu Awards for voice actors, the Tokyo Anime Award and the Japan Academy Prize for Animation of

21417-419: The first two seasons of the 1990s Sailor Moon anime series and Sailor Moon R: The Movie , was chosen as a character designer for the film. Tadano had commented: "I never dreamed that I'd be able to participate in this work that I had been involved with 25 years ago. I'm very happy to be involved as character designer once again for this work, which is beloved around the world. I feel anxious, because this

21594-485: The four Quartet members). In the anime, the Quartet's history of being Sailor Guardians is never shown to viewer and the story is followed after they are captured by Queen Nehelenia and is already a part of her Dead Moon Circus. They begin working for Queen Nehelenia after she appears inside a magical mirror after hearing the Amazoness Quartet playing in a forest, and then offered to keep the Amazoness Quartet from ever growing old in return. Nehelenia changed their dreams into

21771-712: The four protectors of Chibiusa. In the Crystal film Sailor Moon Eternal , it is from Sailor Pallas revealed that Nehelenia found them and noticed their dormant power, she cursed them to forced to awaken into a nightmare. They became pawns of the Dead Moon and were made to her bidding. In the manga, she is the only member of the Quartet not to use any attacks or spells. In the anime, CereCere tends to be arrogant and haughty, and chases after people that will highlight her perceived beauty for her, such as when she chased after an artist and asked him to repaint her. She also appears extravagant and outrageous while disguised and not in her circus uniform. However, there are moments when she breaks

21948-422: The global anime market is expected to reach a value of $ 48.3 Billion with the largest contributors to this growth being North America , Europe, Asia–Pacific and The Middle East . The global anime market size was valued at $ 25.8 Billion in 2022 and is expected to have a market size of $ 62.7 Billion by 2032 with a CAGR of 9.4%. In 2019, the annual overseas exports of Japanese animation exceeded $ 10 billion for

22125-421: The group. Zirconia attacks Sailor Moon and Tuxedo Mask, and spreads nightmares, but Tuxedo Mask breaks free and others from the nightmares and the Sailor Guardians use their combined powers to blast and weaken Zirconia who flees into Nehelenia's mirror and Sailor Moon follows her inside. She then frees Sailors Chibi Moon and Saturn, with the latter taking the four orbs containing the Amazoness Quartet with her while

22302-450: The head; many chibi characters are two to four heads tall. Some anime works like Crayon Shin-chan completely disregard these proportions, in such a way that they resemble caricatured Western cartoons . A common anime character design convention is exaggerated eye size. The animation of characters with large eyes in anime can be traced back to Osamu Tezuka, who was deeply influenced by such early animation characters as Betty Boop , who

22479-462: The incorporation of slapstick humor in the crime anime film Castle of Cagliostro . Other subgenres found in anime include magical girl , harem, sports, martial arts, literary adaptations, medievalism , and war. Early anime works were made for theatrical viewing, and required played musical components before sound and vocal components were added to the production. In 1958, Nippon Television aired Mogura no Abanchūru (" Mole's Adventure "), both

22656-501: The industry, including the improvement of conditions of the workers. Anime has become commercially profitable in Western countries , as demonstrated by early commercially successful Western adaptations of anime, such as Astro Boy and Speed Racer . Early American adaptions in the 1960s made Japan expand into the continental European market, first with productions aimed at European and Japanese children, such as Heidi , Vicky

22833-432: The international availability of the amount of new licensed anime shows as well as the size of their catalogs. Netflix reported that, between October 2019 and September 2020, more than 100 million member households worldwide had watched at least one anime title on the platform. Anime titles appeared on the streaming platform's top-ten lists in almost 100 countries within the one-year period. As of 2021, anime series are

23010-404: The laid back regulations of the Japanese animation industry tend to overlook these issues, allowing it to grow underground and thus increasing its popularity until there is a demand for official high-quality releases for animation companies. This has led to an increase in global popularity of Japanese animation, reaching $ 40 million in sales in 2004. Fansub practices have rapidly declined since

23187-460: The latter's attempt of returning to her time is detected. He later gains human form and assists PallaPalla by subjecting Sailor Mars with her nightmare while she investigates a mysterious hall of mirrors. He is killed when Rei gains her 'Super' form, using her Mars Flame Sniper attack on him. Sailor Moon Eternal has Tiger's Eye's dream of becoming an artist and he retains his human form even after Rei uses her “Exorcized Charm”, attack on him. In

23364-497: The lips. Modern anime follows a typical animation production process, involving storyboarding , voice acting , character design , and cel production . Since the 1990s, animators have increasingly used computer animation to improve the efficiency of the production process. Early anime works were experimental, and consisted of images drawn on blackboards, stop motion animation of paper cutouts, and silhouette animation . Cel animation grew in popularity until it came to dominate

23541-422: The mature mask and plays for fun. The other Amazonesses see her as lazy, and take every opportunity to call her such. CereCere summons only plant -based lemures, a possible nod to her Roman namesake Ceres, a goddess of vegetation and plants . In the anime series, her voice actress is Yuri Amano , and Reina Ueda voices her in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation, her name

23718-464: The medium's style. Three Tales (1960) was the first anime film broadcast on television; the first anime television series was Instant History (1961–64). An early and influential success was Astro Boy (1963–66), a television series directed by Tezuka based on his manga of the same name . Many animators at Tezuka's Mushi Production later established major anime studios (including Madhouse , Sunrise , and Pierrot ). The 1970s saw growth in

23895-447: The medium. In the 21st century, the use of other animation techniques is mostly limited to independent short films , including the stop motion puppet animation work produced by Tadahito Mochinaga , Kihachirō Kawamoto and Tomoyasu Murata. Computers were integrated into the animation process in the 1990s, with works such as Ghost in the Shell and Princess Mononoke mixing cel animation with computer-generated images. Fuji Film ,

24072-565: The mirror being destroyed during Nehelenia's demise. In the anime, Zirconia serves as the queen's representative in directing their followers on missions to find Pegasus in the beautiful dreams of people in Tokyo . While the Amazon Trio feared her, Zirconia has trouble keeping the Amazoness Quartet in line. When the Quartet begins to develop sympathy for the Sailor Guardians and destroy their balls, Zirconia escapes to Nehelenia's mirror. Though able to break Queen Nehelenia free from her mirror, Zirconia

24249-430: The mirror to restore her youthful appearance. In Sailor Stars , Nelehenia serves as the main antagonist of the first quarter when she is freed from the mirror by Sailor Galaxia and encouraged to annihilate the Sailor Guardians and to exact her revenge through the shards of her Black Mirror. Among the victims is Mamoru, rendered emotionally dead. After dragging Mamoru into her nightmare dimension, Nelehenia captures all

24426-413: The most demanded foreign-language television shows in the United States accounting for 30.5% of the market share. (In comparison, Spanish-language and Korean-language shows account for 21% and 11% of the market share, respectively.) In 2021 more than half of Netflix's global members watched anime. In 2022, the anime series Attack on Titan won the award of "Most In-Demand TV Series in the World 2021" in

24603-542: The move of many characters of the anime and manga series Naruto . In April 2021, Peruvian politicians Jorge Hugo Romero of the PPC and Milagros Juárez of the UPP cosplayed as anime characters to get the otaku vote. On October 28, 2024, The Vatican unveiled its own anime-styled mascot, " Luce ", in order to connect with Catholic youth through pop culture. Dead Moon Circus#Xenotime and Zeolite The Dead Moon Circus

24780-413: The musicals she is played by Hitomi Tomashino and Niki Ajima . VesVes ( ベスベス , BesuBesu ) is the red-haired aggressive member of the Quartet. She is loud, brash, and somewhat violent. VesVes is known as the Magician of Beasts. Her Sailor Guardian counterpart is Sailor Mars , and her color is red. She carries a whip and her hair is tied up in a high ponytail which makes her distinguished from

24957-523: The name of "Sumire Shirobara"), composed by Akiko Kosaka, and arranged by Gesshoku Kaigi. The ending theme for the first film is "Wanting to Be Together with You" ( 私たちになりたくて , Watashi-tachi ni Naritakute ) , performed by Yoko Ishida , and the ending theme for the second film is "I'll Go As Myself" ( “らしく” いきましょ , "Rashiku" Ikimasho ) , performed by Anza . The eleven-track character song collection album, titled Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Eternal The Movie Character Song Collection: Eternal Collection ,

25134-407: The non-Japanese culture. The cost of English localization averages US$ 10,000 per episode. The industry has been subject to both praise and condemnation for fansubs , the addition of unlicensed and unauthorized subtitled translations of anime series or films. Fansubs, which were originally distributed on VHS bootlegged cassettes in the 1980s, have been freely available and disseminated online since

25311-401: The number of her asteroid. She was supposed to ride a motorcycle . In the manga it is revealed that she is really Sailor Juno ( セーラージュノー , Sērā Junō ) , named for the asteroid Juno and the Roman goddess Juno . In the Crystal film Sailor Moon Eternal , it is from Sailor Pallas revealed that Nehelenia found them and noticed their dormant power, she cursed them to forced to awaken into

25488-514: The only exception to this is Sailor Venus, who is targeted by Xenotime and Zeolite . While commenting on their looks, series creator Naoko Takeuchi says all three members of the trio show some ambiguity. In the anime, the Amazon Trio's job is to look into the dream mirrors of mortals, searching for the legendary and powerful Pegasus . The Trio choose their victims by seducing various women and men, whether they be young or old, and attacking them while they are vulnerable. Rather than being killed by

25665-467: The only one of the Quartet to do so. She is voiced by Kumiko Watanabe , and by Yuuko Hara in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation, Junjun is the only member of the Quartet to retain her original name and her voice actor was Brandi Ward . In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of the Eternal Movies, she is voiced by Erika Ishii . In

25842-411: The other members of the Quartet. She is listed as being a "Queen" and having a darker skin color than JunJun. She is the second oldest of the Amazoness Quartet. In the manga it is revealed that she is really Sailor Vesta ( セーラーベスタ , Sērā Besuta ) named after the asteroid Vesta and the Roman goddess Vesta . In Act 39/45 ("Dream 6"), she uses "Steel Ball" to send knives at the Sailor Guardians. In

26019-415: The other three. She tends to command lemures that are animal-themed. VesVes has the most appearances in the anime out of the four. Junko Hagimori provides her voice in the first anime series, and Rie Takahashi in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation, her name is changed to "Besubesu"/"Vesuvesu" and she is voiced by Karyn Dwyer . In the Viz Media English adaptation and

26196-424: The others break the mirror and frees them all, but Nehelenia disappears and Zirconia remains inside the mirror. The Dead Moon Circus disappears, but the darkness remains throughout the city. The Sailor Guardians and Tuxedo Mask teleport to Elysion, where Nehelenia appears inside her mirror and deflects Super Sailor Moon's attack, sending everyone into a flashback of Nehelenia's past: Nehelenia had arrived uninvited at

26373-451: The party celebrating Princess Serenity's birth. After their exchange was escalated, Nehelenia was permanently sealed inside her mirror by Queen Serenity , but not before cursing the princess and the Silver Millennium to their downfall. Nehelenia takes the Silver Crystal from Super Sailor Moon, but before she can kill the Super Sailor Guardians and take over Earth, Usagi and Tuxedo Mask kiss, breaking free of Nehelenia's nightmare and getting

26550-490: The patronage of the government, which employed animators to produce educational shorts and propaganda . In 1940, the government dissolved several artists' organizations to form the Shin Nippon Mangaka Kyōkai . The first talkie anime was Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka (1933), a short film produced by Masaoka. The first feature-length anime film was Momotaro: Sacred Sailors (1945), produced by Seo with

26727-427: The physical form of Amazon Stones, instructing them to use these to remove the "dream mirrors" of humans. The Quartet also use the Amazon Stones for other attacks. They are dedicated to this task, but still generally spend more time playing than working. In the two-part movie Sailor Moon Eternal (which follows Sailor Moon Crystal season three), their roles are similar to the manga. The Quartet appears in several of

26904-439: The popularity of manga, many of which were later animated. Tezuka's work—and that of other pioneers in the field—inspired characteristics and genres that remain fundamental elements of anime today. The giant robot genre (also known as " mecha "), for instance, took shape under Tezuka, developed into the super robot genre under Go Nagai and others, and was revolutionized at the end of the decade by Yoshiyuki Tomino , who developed

27081-408: The proportions of the human body in reality. The height of the head is considered by the artist as the base unit of proportion. Head to height ratios vary drastically by art style, with most anime characters falling between 5 and 8 heads tall. Anime artists occasionally make deliberate modifications to body proportions to produce chibi characters that feature a disproportionately small body compared to

27258-402: The rise of foreign dubbed , subtitled programming, and since the 2010s due to the rise of streaming services and a widening demographic embrace of anime culture, both within Japan and worldwide. As of 2016, Japanese animation accounted for 60% of the world's animated television shows . As a type of animation , anime is an art form that comprises many genres found in other mediums; it

27435-420: The same year, it was revealed that the fourth season based on Dream arc of the manga was to be produced as a two-part theatrical anime film project. Additionally, Chiaki Kon , who was a series director for the third season of the anime , returned as a main director for the films. On June 30, 2018, it was announced that the film's production had begun, and Kazuko Tadano , who handled the character designs for

27612-446: The scenes showing "her" as a shirtless man are still shown. Fisheye merely claims that "she's" not like other women. He is voiced by Akira Ishida in the first anime adaptation, while Shouta Aoi voices him in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation, Fisheye's voice is supplied by Deborah Drakeford. In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, he

27789-449: The scripts, original creator & mangaka Naoko Takeuchi chief supervised the films' production, Studio Deen co-animated and produced the films with Toei Animation, and the name for the two-part film was decided as Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon Eternal The Movie ( 劇場版「美少女戦士セーラームーン Eternal （ エターナル ） 」 , Gekijōban Bishōjo Senshi Sērā Mūn Etānaru ) . Most of the main voice actors from Sailor Moon Crystal had returned for

27966-540: The series in mind—but are also aimed at the general music market, therefore they often allude only vaguely or not at all, to the thematic settings or plot of the series. Also, they are often used as incidental music ("insert songs") in an episode, in order to highlight particularly important scenes. Future funk , a musical microgenre that evolved in the early 2010s from Vaporwave with a French house Euro disco influence, heavily uses anime visuals and samples along with Japanese City pop to build an aesthetic. Since

28143-645: The shadow plays of China. Magic lanterns from the Netherlands were also popular in the eighteenth century. The paper play called kamishibai surged in the twelfth century and remained popular in the street theater until the 1930s. Puppets of the Bunraku theater and ukiyo-e prints are considered ancestors of characters of most Japanese animation. Finally, manga were a heavy inspiration for anime. Cartoonists Kitzawa Rakuten and Okamoto Ippei used film elements in their strips. Animation in Japan began in

28320-426: The stage plays found in American animation. Anime is cinematically shot as if by camera, including panning, zooming, distance and angle shots to more complex dynamic shots that would be difficult to produce in reality. In anime, the animation is produced before the voice acting, contrary to American animation which does the voice acting first. The body proportions of human anime characters tend to accurately reflect

28497-534: The studios are organized into a trade association , The Association of Japanese Animations . There is also a labor union for workers in the industry, the Japanese Animation Creators Association . Studios will often work together to produce more complex and costly projects, as done with Studio Ghibli's Spirited Away . An anime episode can cost between US$ 100,000 and US$ 300,000 to produce. In 2001, animation accounted for 7% of

28674-423: The surface before returning to Elysion, assuring Chibiusa they will meet again. Mamoru wonders if the warm feeling in his chest is caused by the Golden Crystal, but Usagi assures that it's a star shining in his heart. Additional voice cast includes: On January 25, 2017, it was announced on the official Sailor Moon 25th anniversary website that the Sailor Moon Crystal anime would continue. Later, on June 30 of

28851-540: The themes or the development of the relationships themselves. Anime's genre classification differs from other types of animation and does not lend itself to simple classification. Gilles Poitras compared the labeling of Gundam 0080 and its complex depiction of war as a "giant robot" anime akin to simply labeling War and Peace a "war novel". Science fiction is a major anime genre and includes important historical works like Tezuka's Astro Boy and Yokoyama 's Tetsujin 28-go . A major subgenre of science fiction

29028-405: The top 10 most discussed TV shows worldwide on Twitter. In 2022, Attack on Titan won the award of "Most In-Demand TV Series in the World 2021" in the Global TV Demand Awards. Attack on Titan became the first ever non-English language series to earn the title of World's Most In-Demand TV Show, previously held by only The Walking Dead and Game of Thrones . In 2024, Jujutsu Kaisen broke

29205-494: The two films as a "good adventure that boasts stunning animation, vibrant storytelling, and the return of our favorite magical girl Sailor Scouts in a dynamic double bill that will inspire and entertain." Michael Mammano from Den of Geek stated that Eternal is "an enthralling adaptation of one of the manga's best arcs." A sequel was hinted at the end of the second film during its Japanese theatrical release, with an English teaser-line, "To be continued..." On April 28, 2022, during

29382-540: The two-part film, but, for unknown reasons, Taishi Murata took over Yohei Oobayashi's role as Artemis. In April 2020, it was announced that Yoshitsugu Matsuoka will voice Pegasus/Helios for the film. In August 2020, it was announced that Shouta Aoi , Satoshi Hino , and Toshiyuki Toyonaga were to voice the Amazon Trio: Fish Eye, Tiger's Eye, and Hawk's Eye. The following week, Reina Ueda , Sumire Morohoshi , Yūko Hara , and Rie Takahashi were cast as

29559-1054: The use of source material from several original series. In the early 1990s, several companies began to experiment with the licensing of less child-oriented material. Some, such as A.D. Vision , and Central Park Media and its imprints, achieved fairly substantial commercial success and went on to become major players in the now very lucrative American anime market. Others, such as AnimEigo , achieved limited success. Many companies created directly by Japanese parent companies did not do as well, most releasing only one or two titles before completing their American operations. Licenses are expensive, often hundreds of thousands of dollars for one series and tens of thousands for one movie. The prices vary widely; for example, Jinki: Extend cost only $ 91,000 to license while Kurau Phantom Memory cost $ 960,000. Simulcast Internet streaming rights can be cheaper, with prices around $ 1,000–2,000 an episode, but can also be more expensive, with some series costing more than US$ 200,000 per episode. The anime market for

29736-702: Was 6 years old when my mother took me to Japan. I felt it growing up in Hawaii, like communities across our country, home to so many proud Japanese Americans... Today is also a chance for Americans, especially our young people, to say thank you for all the things we love from Japan. Like karate and karaoke . Manga and anime. And, of course, emojis . In July 2020, after the approval of a Chilean government project in which citizens of Chile would be allowed to withdraw up to 10% of their privately held retirement savings, journalist Pamela Jiles celebrated by running through Congress with her arms spread out behind her, imitating

29913-414: Was a hawk that was turned into a human by Zirconia. He takes the form of a tall young man with bright, wild pink hair. He wears a bra -like toga and tights in his battle attire. Creator Naoko Takeuchi characterized Hawk's Eye as a sort of grown-up Zoisite , with the dream of someday being a "bar madam" in either Las Vegas or Ginza . Hawk's Eye deceives Makoto by pretending to be a female owner of

30090-402: Was announced that Netflix acquired the streaming rights for the two-part film, and it premiered worldwide (excluding Japan and Mainland China ) on June 3, 2021. In early May 2021, it was announced that the English dub cast from both Sailor Moon Crystal and the redub of the 1990s anime reprised their roles, with the exception of Chris Niosi as he did not reprise his role as Helios. The role

30267-509: Was assumed by Brian Beacock who previously voiced Ail, an original character in the redub of Sailor Moon R . The first film debuted ninth place out of top ten from weekend box office, and also ranked sixth in Filmarks' first-day satisfaction ranking with a score of 3.46 out of 5 based on 242 reviews. On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes , the two-part film holds a 100% rating based on eleven reviews. Victoria Johnson of Polygon gave

30444-403: Was drawn with disproportionately large eyes. Tezuka is a central figure in anime and manga history, whose iconic art style and character designs allowed for the entire range of human emotions to be depicted solely through the eyes. The artist adds variable color shading to the eyes and particularly to the cornea to give them greater depth. Generally, a mixture of a light shade, the tone color, and

30621-400: Was maintained in the later Viz English-language adaptation. In the Materials Collection , Naoko Takeuchi mentions intentional insect-like elements in her design, possibly a reference to insect genus Nehalennia . Zirconia communicates with Nehelenia and delivers her orders to the Amazoness Quartet. When Sailor Saturn and Sailor Chibi Moon begin to break through Zirconia's influence on

30798-435: Was released in Japan in 2021, with the first film on January 8, and the second film on February 11. The two-part film is the first in the franchise to screen in Japanese theaters in 26 years, the last one having been Sailor Moon SuperS: The Movie , released in 1995. Netflix acquired streaming rights to both films, and they premiered on June 3, 2021, on the streaming service. A sequel two-part film, Sailor Moon Cosmos ,

30975-463: Was released in Japan on June 9 and 30, 2023 and was released on Netflix worldwide on August 22, 2024. Six months after the Mugen Academy incident, Usagi Tsukino and Chibiusa receive a vision from a pegasus named Helios asking for their help, and Mamoru Chiba gets a stabbing feeling in his chest. The Dead Moon Circus arrives on a flagship and its members conjure a dark barrier around

31152-507: Was released on February 10, 2021, and the eleventh track, titled "Moon Effect", performed by the voice actresses for all ten Sailor Guardians, is used as an insert song for the second film. The first film was slated to release in Japanese theaters on September 11, 2020, but was postponed and released four months later on January 8, 2021, due to COVID-19 pandemic . The second film was released on February 11, 2021. The Japanese Blu-ray and DVD were released on June 30, 2021. In late April 2021, it

31329-406: Was the maiden in his vision. The Amazoness Quartet reveal themselves to be Sailor Guardians of the asteroids named Sailors Ceres, Pallas, Juno, Vesta, who were asleep in the Amazon Jungle until Nehelenia forced them to awaken into a nightmare. They return to their slumber, only to reawaken when Sailor Chibi Moon becomes a full-fledged Sailor Guardian in the future. Helios escorts the others back to

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