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213-661: The Dead Moon Circus is led by the twisted Zirconia , in command by the absence of the dark Queen Nehelenia who is trapped within a mirror. Zirconia is searching for the legendary Golden Crystal, which will allow Nehelenia to break free of her entrapment and take over the Earth . They are the only group of villains with two subordinate groups: the Amazon Trio and the Amazoness Quartet . Zirconia ( ジルコニア , Jirukonia ) appears as an old woman with lavender skin who

426-540: A circumstellar disk , and then the planets grow out of that disk with the Sun. A nebula contains gas, ice grains, and dust (including primordial nuclides ). According to nebular theory , planetesimals formed by accretion , with the primordial Earth being estimated as likely taking anywhere from 70 to 100 million years to form. Estimates of the age of the Moon range from 4.5 Ga to significantly younger. A leading hypothesis

639-409: A hawk that was turned into a human by Zirconia. He takes the form of a tall young man with bright, wild pink hair. He wears a bra -like toga and tights in his battle attire. Creator Naoko Takeuchi characterized Hawk's Eye as a sort of grown-up Zoisite , with the dream of someday being a "bar madam" in either Las Vegas or Ginza . Hawk's Eye deceives Makoto by pretending to be a female owner of

852-767: A solar eclipse to breech her seal, Nehelenia decided to focus on conquering Earth. Several millennia later, taking the Sailor Quartet to serve her as the Amazoness Quartet, Nehelenia conquers Elysion before sending the Dead Moon Circus to defeat the Sailor Guardians and retrieve the Silver Crystal from Sailor Moon. Once the Sailor Guardians managed to defeat all of the minions, Nehelenia makes her presence known as she confronts

1065-511: A bad temper, Lead Crow is very intelligent and is a skilled fighter, often attacking her enemies with a whip. She dislikes Tin Nyanko, but partners with her for a time, which leads to her being killed by her own trap when Tin Nyanko sabotages it. Lead Crow appeared in a few of the musicals, including "Starlights—Ryuusei Densetsu" and its revision. Like the rest of the Animamates, she poses as

1278-454: A black phone booth. All five of the original Animamates appear in various Sailor Moon musicals, including Sailor Stars , Eien Densetsu , Starlights Ryuusei Densetsu , and Kakyuu Ouhi Kourin . They pose as a dance troupe called the "Dancing Animamates" and go by pseudonyms: Iron Mouse as "Chū Rat", Aluminum Seiren as "Half Bird", Lead Crow as "Manila Karasu", and Heavy Metal Papillon as "Miss Butterfly"; only Tin Nyanko retains her alias from

1491-492: A common barycenter every 27.32 days relative to the background stars. When combined with the Earth–Moon system's common orbit around the Sun, the period of the synodic month , from new moon to new moon, is 29.53 days. Viewed from the celestial north pole , the motion of Earth, the Moon, and their axial rotations are all counterclockwise . Viewed from a vantage point above the Sun and Earth's north poles, Earth orbits in

1704-548: A counterclockwise direction about the Sun. The orbital and axial planes are not precisely aligned: Earth's axis is tilted some 23.44 degrees from the perpendicular to the Earth–Sun plane (the ecliptic ), and the Earth-Moon plane is tilted up to ±5.1 degrees against the Earth–Sun plane. Without this tilt, there would be an eclipse every two weeks, alternating between lunar eclipses and solar eclipses . The Hill sphere , or

1917-509: A cure for its toothache. She often summons ball-like lemures or uses dolls as part of her attacks, and likes to attack groups of people rather than one at a time. All of the Lemures she summons have two faces, a good one and an evil one, reflecting her own dual nature. She is voiced by Machiko Toyoshima in the first anime, and by Sumire Morohoshi in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In

2130-517: A deep sleep somewhere within the Amazon Jungle , awaiting the time when they could become the future protectors of Sailor Chibi Moon , analogous to Princess Serenity's four Inner Guardians and to Prince Endymion's four Four Kings of Heaven . However, Queen Nehelenia woke them prematurely and forced them to work for her. At her defeat, they are returned to their true forms by Usagi (in the form of Neo-Queen Serenity) and to their long sleep. During

2343-420: A full rotation about its axis so that the Sun returns to the meridian . The orbital speed of Earth averages about 29.78 km/s (107,200 km/h; 66,600 mph), which is fast enough to travel a distance equal to Earth's diameter, about 12,742 km (7,918 mi), in seven minutes, and the distance from Earth to the Moon, 384,400 km (238,900 mi), in about 3.5 hours. The Moon and Earth orbit

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2556-421: A globe-spanning mid-ocean ridge system. At Earth's polar regions , the ocean surface is covered by seasonally variable amounts of sea ice that often connects with polar land, permafrost and ice sheets , forming polar ice caps . Earth's land covers 29.2%, or 149 million km (58 million sq mi) of Earth's surface. The land surface includes many islands around the globe, but most of

2769-489: A herb store, referred in non-binary terms in Sailor Moon Eternal , to give her and Chibiusa rings to inflict them with nightmares. But Makoto gains her 'Super Sailor Jupiter' form and kills Hawk's Eye with Jupiter Oak Evolution . Sailor Moon Eternal builds up Hawk's Eye's demise in accepting it as he realized his dream and uses his last moments to tell Sailor Jupiter to realize her dreams out of respect. In

2982-650: A member of a dancing troupe known as the Dancing Animamates. She acts as choreographer for the group. "Ryuusei Densetsu" also presents her as Japan's leading expert in Filipino dance, a play on her name. In the anime, Lead Crow is voiced by Chiharu Suzuka and by Yoko Hikasa in the Cosmos film. In the English dub of Sailor Stars , she is voiced by Andi Rich, and by Debi Mae West in the Cosmos dub. In

3195-472: A new series of devastating wars. Sailor Chaos never actually appears as a living character in the series; however, both the manga and the Cosmos film display a vague image only once—as a flash-forward—when Sailor Cosmos mentions her. The Sailor Animamates ( セーラーアニマメイツ , Sērā Animameitsu , occasionally romanized as "Sailor Anima-Mates") are Shadow Galactica's main reapers of starseeds, and are led by Sailor Chi and Sailor Phi . They bear names prefixed by

3408-501: A nightmare. They became pawns of the Dead Moon and were made to her bidding. In the anime, she often speaks with a hard edge. She tends to dress in biker outfits outside of her circus uniform even though she is never shown to ride a motorbike. She likes to let her targets attain their dreams before she takes their dream mirrors which may be an oddball reference to the mothering aspect of the goddess Juno. She always summons male lemures;

3621-672: A pair to wear. Chaos corrupts Galaxia, so that Galaxia can fight the Light of Hope, which is Galaxia's own star seed. However, Sailor Moon is able to reach the small bit of hope left in Galaxia's own heart, and she releases Chaos from her body. Chaos leaves Galaxia to inhabit the hearts of all people, which was stated to be its original residence. In the Eien Densetsu musical, Chaos appears as Kyaosu ( キャオス , Kyaosu ) , another male servant of Galaxia. He functions as comic relief and

3834-510: A power-up. Xenotime and Zeolite attack all four by throwing knives at them and commanding Lemures. When Minako attains her Super form, she destroys both twins with Venus Love And Beauty Shock . Xenotime and Zeolite are voiced by Yohei Azakami and Ryohei Arai respectively in the two-part Crystal film Sailor Moon Eternal . Todd Haberkorn and Ezra Weisz voice them respectively in the Netflix English dub. Earth Earth

4047-760: A real species of cat called the Egyptian Mau ). According to the Materials Collection , Tin Nyanko also has the ability to manipulate scents and supposedly has nine lives. In the anime adaptation, Tin Nyanko is a rival to Sailors Lead Crow and Aluminum Seiren. She is partly responsible for both their deaths, and in the process learns Sailor Moon's identity. During their confrontation, Usagi attempts to heal her with her attack, and succeeds only in knocking off one of her bracelets. This allows Nyanko's true personality to partially reveal itself, and even half of her otherwise black uniform turns white. However, she

4260-565: A result, Nelehenia became obsessed with the notion of keeping herself young and beautiful so she consumed the dreams of her subjects, who became Lemures, and founded the Dead Moon Circus. Nelehenia sought the Golden Crystal possessed by Helios, who escaped her in the form of Pegasus, only to be later sealed by Queen Serenity within her mirror. To rectify her condition, during the events of the SuperS series, Nelehenia creates Zirconia to lead

4473-401: A trap. She powers up and defeats Fish Eye with Mercury Aqua Rhapsody , and he is killed soon after by Sailor Moon and Sailor Chibi Moon. In the anime, he is called “Fish’s Eye”, and like Tiger's Eye and Hawk's Eye, he targets his ideal romantic interests, which are young males. His magical attacks are water-based, but his primary choice of attack is knife-throwing (which, to his frustration, he

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4686-610: A weapon, or to spy on her underlings. When Zircon is hit hard, any images it has gathered but not yet presented become distorted. It can also be used as a weapon with which to remove a human's Dream Mirror, similar to the Amazon Stones of the Quartet. Xenotime ( ゼノタイム , Zenotaimu ) and Zeolite ( ゼオライト , Zeoraito ) are knife-throwing twins who, after the failures of the Amazon Trio, volunteer their services to

4899-526: Is Galactica Crunch . It later emerges that Iron Mouse killed Sailor Chū, the Guardian from her home planet Chū, taking her star-seed so that Iron Mouse could be a Sailor Guardian. In the anime adaptation, she goes by the human pseudonym Chūko Nezu ( 根津 宙子 , Nezu Chūko ) . This pseudonym has a name expressing word-play : in Japanese, Chūko and Nezu are each perfectly acceptable names; however, "chū"

5112-538: Is Ryotaro Okiayu , while Satoshi Hino voices him in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation, he is voiced by Jason Barr. In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, he is voiced by John Eric Bentley. In the stage musicals, he is played by Ryuji Kasahara. Hawk's Eye ( ホークス・アイ , Hōkusu Ai ) was

5325-548: Is "a soldier who has the ability to tap into the power of the entire galaxy", but that even with this power, Sailor Moon manages to defeat her by using her purifying abilities. In a review of the first half of the final season of the anime for Anime News Network , author Rebecca Silverman compared the Sailor Animamates with the Four Kings of Heaven, explaining that while both groups are not similar to each other,

5538-456: Is a chemically distinct silicate solid crust, which is underlain by a highly viscous solid mantle. The crust is separated from the mantle by the Mohorovičić discontinuity . The thickness of the crust varies from about 6 kilometres (3.7 mi) under the oceans to 30–50 km (19–31 mi) for the continents. The crust and the cold, rigid, top of the upper mantle are collectively known as

5751-406: Is actually Sailor Pallas ( セーラーパラス , Sērā Parasu ) , one of the four protectors of Chibiusa. In the Crystal film Sailor Moon Eternal , it is from Sailor Pallas revealed that Nehelenia found them and noticed their dormant power, she cursed them to forced to awaken into a nightmare. They became pawns of the Dead Moon and were made to her bidding. In the anime, she speaks in third person and

5964-660: Is apparently very weak. He disguises himself as the director of a school play that the younger Guardians are starring in and also poses as the Three Lights ' manager. Later on in the musical, he makes a deal to assist Sailor Moon, taking her and the Starlights to the Galaxy Cauldron and promising to save a Sailor Guardian from death (he saves Sailor Mercury ). However, after Galaxia's defeat, Kyaosu reveals himself to be Chaos. With his power sealed inside Galaxia, he

6177-535: Is approximately 9.8 m/s (32 ft/s ). Local differences in topography, geology, and deeper tectonic structure cause local and broad regional differences in Earth's gravitational field, known as gravity anomalies . The main part of Earth's magnetic field is generated in the core, the site of a dynamo process that converts the kinetic energy of thermally and compositionally driven convection into electrical and magnetic field energy. The field extends outwards from

6390-435: Is at least somewhat humid and covered by vegetation , while large sheets of ice at Earth's polar deserts retain more water than Earth's groundwater , lakes, rivers and atmospheric water combined. Earth's crust consists of slowly moving tectonic plates , which interact to produce mountain ranges, volcanoes , and earthquakes. Earth has a liquid outer core that generates a magnetosphere capable of deflecting most of

6603-459: Is athletic and somewhat impulsive. JunJun is referred to as the Magician of Acrobatic Feats. Her Sailor Guardian counterpart is Sailor Jupiter , and her color is green. She is described by Takeuchi as a vulgar "Yankee"—Japanese slang for a delinquent or rebellious youth—and uses very informal male speech . She is also said to have dark skin and is the third sister, which corresponds to

Dead Moon Circus - Misplaced Pages Continue

6816-414: Is changed to "Selesele" and she is voiced by Megan McChesney . In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, she is voiced by Cassandra Lee Morris . In the musicals, she is played by Shiori Eguchi and Risa Honma , the latter of whom later went on to play Sailor Mars . PallaPalla ( パラパラ , ParaPara ) is the blue-haired , childlike member of

7029-458: Is changed to male. In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, she is voiced by Barbara Goodson . Queen Nehelenia ( 女王ネヘレニア , Joō Neherenia ) , leader of the Dead Moon Circus, is named after the ancient goddess Nehalennia . Nehelenia is like the dark mirror image of Queen Serenity ; the self-styled Queen of the dark center of the Moon that existed since Silver Millennium who possesses

7242-529: Is contained in 3.45 billion-year-old Australian rocks showing fossils of microorganisms . During the Neoproterozoic , 1000 to 539 Ma , much of Earth might have been covered in ice. This hypothesis has been termed " Snowball Earth ", and it is of particular interest because it preceded the Cambrian explosion , when multicellular life forms significantly increased in complexity. Following

7455-492: Is decorated in bows and a flower. Takeuchi has stated that CereCere is sexy and talks in a very aristocratic tone. She is the eldest sister, which corresponds to the order of discovery of the asteroid she is named after - 1 Ceres , which is also classified as a dwarf planet ; she is also named after the Roman goddess Ceres . Later in the manga it is revealed that she is actually Sailor Ceres ( セーラーセレス , Sērā Seresu ) , one of

7668-413: Is destroyed upon serving her purpose. In the two-part movie Sailor Moon Eternal (which follows Sailor Moon Crystal season three), Zirconia's role in the film is the same as the manga. Zirconia is voiced by Hisako Kyōda and Naomi Watanabe in the Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation she is voiced by Robert Bockstael voice-matching Frank Oz and her gender

7881-424: Is equally childish as she is in the manga. Nevertheless, she shows some signs of cleverness, such as pointing out that the arrangement of the curtains is wrong in one episode (when no one else saw it), setting up a popular dentist office in another, and using a doll to manipulate the Sailor Guardians in yet another. The other Amazonesses think she is very dangerous; in one episode she rips the head off her own doll as

8094-457: Is farthest out from its center of mass at its equatorial bulge, the summit of the volcano Chimborazo in Ecuador (6,384.4 km or 3,967.1 mi) is its farthest point out. Parallel to the rigid land topography the ocean exhibits a more dynamic topography . To measure the local variation of Earth's topography, geodesy employs an idealized Earth producing a geoid shape. Such a shape

8307-516: Is gained if the ocean is idealized, covering Earth completely and without any perturbations such as tides and winds. The result is a smooth but irregular geoid surface, providing a mean sea level (MSL) as a reference level for topographic measurements. Earth's surface is the boundary between the atmosphere, and the solid Earth and oceans. Defined in this way, it has an area of about 510 million km (197 million sq mi). Earth can be divided into two hemispheres : by latitude into

8520-419: Is later revealed that Lead Crow killed Sailor Coronis, the Guardian from Coronis (home planet of Phobos, Deimos, and Lead Crow), taking her star seed so that Lead Crow could be a Sailor Guardian. According to the Materials Collection , Lead Crow's attack is Galactica Tornado , and she can also manipulate rot. She is a sadist. In its anime adaptation, Lead Crow first appears as a partner of Aluminum Seiren. She

8733-604: Is located at the Galactic Center , in Sagittarius Zero Star , and it is built around the Galaxy Cauldron, the birthplace of all life in the Milky Way. In the first anime adaptation , Shadow Galactica's base is Galaxy TV ( 銀河TV , Ginga Terebi ) . Sailor Galaxia ( セーラーギャラクシア , Sērā Gyarakushia ) is an orange-haired human-like female alien and the main villainess of the fifth story arc. She

Dead Moon Circus - Misplaced Pages Continue

8946-401: Is made in episode 130, his victim being Usagi's mother, Ikuko Tsukino . Hawk's Eye is killed by the lemures Mr. Magic Pierrot, who is sent by PallaPalla to eliminate the trio. However, Pegasus revives him and he is sent to Elysion with the others. He is voiced by Toshio Furukawa in the first anime adaptation, while Toshiyuki Toyonaga voices him in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In

9159-495: Is not named in the manga. Furthermore, she is described as a parent as well as a samba dancer, and has "high sex appeal." In the Cosmos film, she is voiced by Haruka Kudo in the original Japanese version and by Amanda Lee in the English dub. She also appears in the musicals, portrayed by Keiko Endoh. Sailor Chi ( セーラー Χ ( カイ ) , Sērā Kai ) and Sailor Phi ( セーラー Φ ( ファイ ) , Sērā Fai ) are twin sisters and Galaxia's closest servants in

9372-468: Is not unprecedented within this adapted series: Zoisite and Zirconia also had their genders changed. However, the female Fisheye's voice seemed to waver between effeminacy and boyishness, and the TV version of the dub slightly edited a fairly noticeable scene in which Fisheye is seen without a shirt— the chest was placed off-camera. In the uncut DVD, the many references to Fisheye as female are retained, but

9585-438: Is not very good at). Crossdressing is the basis of many of his disguises, as he is usually able to pass himself off as a woman to attract his targets, who are generally heterosexual males (he portrayed his gender honestly to the one gay target he had). Undisguised, he speaks Japanese with exclusively masculine pronouns , such as boku when referring to himself. Fish Eye is the first of the three to wonder if what they are doing

9798-513: Is now slightly longer than it was during the 19th century due to tidal deceleration , each day varies between 0 and 2 ms longer than the mean solar day. Earth's rotation period relative to the fixed stars , called its stellar day by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS), is 86,164.0989 seconds of mean solar time ( UT1 ), or 23 56 4.0989 . Earth's rotation period relative to

10011-415: Is provided by Carrie Keranen . In the stage musicals, five different actresses have portrayed her: Saori Sara , Tamami Matsumoto , Takemi , Yumie Sakaguchi and Coco Isuzu. Matsumoto stated that she greatly enjoyed the role: "ordering people around and being above others is such a great feeling". Chaos ( カオス , Kaosu ) is a primeval entity that has existed since the beginning of the universe and

10224-622: Is rare, though the alternative spelling Gaia has become common due to the Gaia hypothesis , in which case its pronunciation is / ˈ ɡ aɪ . ə / rather than the more classical English / ˈ ɡ eɪ . ə / . There are a number of adjectives for the planet Earth. The word "earthly" is derived from "Earth". From the Latin Terra comes terran / ˈ t ɛr ə n / , terrestrial / t ə ˈ r ɛ s t r i ə l / , and (via French) terrene / t ə ˈ r iː n / , and from

10437-1094: Is replicated in various musicals and has the song Orleans no Sei Senshi~Uranus-Neptune no Uragiri (Holy Guardians of Orleans~Uranus and Neptune's betrayal) appear in each version. In the musicals, Galaxia often resurrects antagonists from past arcs to join her other servants. Most frequently she brings back Queen Beryl , who works with Galaxia in Eien Densetsu , its revised edition, and Shin Densetsu Kourin . The Amazon Trio and some of their Lemures are made members in Shin Densetsu Kourin . Beryl's Four Kings of Heaven are revived alongside her in Starlights—Ryuusei Densetsu and Kakyuu-Ouhi Kourin—The Second Stage Final . Some original characters have also been introduced in Sailor Stars and its revised edition: in addition to Sailors Pewter Fox, Titanium Kerokko, and Theta, these musicals marked

10650-469: Is revealed to be a be manifestation of Queen Nehelenia, overseeing the Dead Moon Circus in the real world. Her name is derived from the mineral Zirconium dioxide , which is often called Zirconia . Her connection to Nehelenia varies from version to version. In the Cloverway Inc. English-language adaptation, Zirconia's gender was changed from female to male, though the character's original depiction

10863-459: Is right, and his wavering loyalty lands him in hot water when he is nearly killed by Zirconia. Fish Eye was killed when he and Tiger's Eye gave up their power to rebuild Usagi's destroyed Dream Mirror. However, Pegasus revives him, and he is sent to Elysion with the others, given the promise of rebirth as real humans.. Fish Eye was changed to a woman in Cloverway's English dub of the anime, which

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11076-493: Is said to be the leader of the Animamates, and calls her partner her "greatest rival"; however, she harbors great concern for her fellow Animamate, and when Aluminum Seiren is killed, tries to carry on the same work. Her human pseudonym in the anime is Akane Karasuma ( 烏丸 あかね , Karasuma Akane ) , which is taken from the words for a certain shade of red (pronounced the same as "lead" in Japanese) and for "crow". Despite having

11289-552: Is styled with some hairdos such as a ponytail . In the Materials Collection , creator Naoko Takeuchi describes him as the Circus's "ball-balancing girl (??)", who one day dreams of becoming the "best ball-balancing girl (!) in the world"; emphasis is hers. She also compares his temperament to that of the excitable Mimete . Fish Eye has a very small part in the manga, in which he is sold to Ami Mizuno in fish form. He gives her nightmares about her father abandoning her, luring her into

11502-487: Is that it was formed by accretion from material loosed from Earth after a Mars -sized object with about 10% of Earth's mass, named Theia , collided with Earth. It hit Earth with a glancing blow and some of its mass merged with Earth. Between approximately 4.1 and 3.8 Ga , numerous asteroid impacts during the Late Heavy Bombardment caused significant changes to the greater surface environment of

11715-473: Is the pink haired, and most mature acting member of the Quartet. She is a trapeze artist for the Circus and is known as the Flower Magician. She is the leader of the Quartet. CereCere has light skin and wears pink, but has a yellow ball. She is very feminine and tries to be mature compared to the others in the Quartet. Her Sailor Guardian counterpart is Sailor Mercury and Sailor Venus . Her hair

11928-410: Is the sound made by mice, and nezu is short for nezumi , which means "mouse". She exhibits a personality both childlike and intense; she usually chooses famous or impressive people as her victims, seems to enjoy her work, and is openly fearful of Galaxia. She is also known to travel in a phone booth similar to a TARDIS . She is also afraid of cats. After failing to steal the star seeds, she becomes

12141-453: Is the basis for the astronomical unit (AU) and is equal to roughly 8.3 light minutes or 380 times Earth's distance to the Moon . Earth orbits the Sun every 365.2564 mean solar days , or one sidereal year . With an apparent movement of the Sun in Earth's sky at a rate of about 1°/day eastward, which is one apparent Sun or Moon diameter every 12 hours. Due to this motion, on average it takes 24 hours—a solar day—for Earth to complete

12354-485: Is the name of an alpine species of Forget-me-not . They come from the conjoined twin planets Lethe and Mnemosyne, respectively. Their planets were small, poor, and plagued by violence and chaos. When Galaxia appeared and brought death and ruin, the two had no choice but to follow her in the hopes of someday finding peace. Sailor Lethe first introduces herself as the ferryman of the River of Oblivion, trapping Sailor Moon at

12567-613: Is the only one of the dead Guardians to ever be pictured in the manga). Two more Guardians are implied by the mention of devastated planets called Mermaid and Cocoon, home planets of Aluminum Seiren and Heavy Metal Papillon respectively. In the anime adaptation, contrary to their manga counterparts, it is stated by Princess Kakyuu that the Animamates were once true Sailor Guardians. The Animamates disguise themselves as employees of Tokyo's primary television station, Galaxy TV, to get closer to their victims. Under Galaxia's command, they search for true star-seeds whose shines can survive exposure to

12780-423: Is the same as the manga. However, she is destroyed alongside her mirror by Eternal Sailor Moon. In the original Japanese series, Nehelenia is voiced by Yoshiko Sakakibara while her purified reincarnated child version is voiced by Wakana Yamazaki . In Sailor Moon Eternal , she is voiced by Nanao . In the Cloverway English adaptation, her voice is supplied by Kate Trotter . In the Viz Media English adaptation and

12993-406: Is the self-proclaimed " Golden Queen of Shadow Galactica", and is also described as the Guardian of Solitude. According to Naoko Takeuchi, Galaxia was created as a Sailor Guardian "to rival Sailor Moon", and her golden uniform and costume was described by her as very difficult to draw. Before the events of Sailor Moon , Sailor Galaxia lived on a small planet she deemed "trash". She wandered until

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13206-589: Is the third planet from the Sun and the only astronomical object known to harbor life . This is enabled by Earth being an ocean world , the only one in the Solar System sustaining liquid surface water . Almost all of Earth's water is contained in its global ocean, covering 70.8% of Earth's crust . The remaining 29.2% of Earth's crust is land, most of which is located in the form of continental landmasses within Earth's land hemisphere . Most of Earth's land

13419-457: Is tied to that of the Sun. Over the next 1.1 billion years , solar luminosity will increase by 10%, and over the next 3.5 billion years by 40%. Earth's increasing surface temperature will accelerate the inorganic carbon cycle , possibly reducing CO 2 concentration to levels lethally low for current plants ( 10  ppm for C4 photosynthesis ) in approximately 100–900 million years . A lack of vegetation would result in

13632-548: Is torn between her duty to kill the Sailor Guardians and a new urge to rebel against her master. However, Sailor Galaxia decides to kill her. In the Sailor Stars musical and its revision, Sailor Tin Nyanko was one of Galaxia's henchwomen sent to Earth to destroy the Sailor Guardians. She participated in Juuban High School's musical festival alongside the other Animamates. In the anime series, Sailor Tin Nyanko

13845-484: Is very polite, ditzy and oblivious when off-duty, and is always eating or feeling hungry; once engaged in battle, however, she drops her flaws and becomes completely ruthless. Aluminum Siren works together with Sailor Lead Crow, who reveals that they once competed for the position of Number One Animamate. She eventually discovers Sailor Moon's identity and nearly succeeds in killing her, but the Inner Guardians and

14058-408: Is voiced by Erik Scott Kimerer . In the stage musicals, Fisheye is portrayed by female actresses Tae Kimura and Midori Ichige. The Amazoness Quartet ( アマゾネス・カルテット , Amazonesu Karutetto ) consists of CereCere, PallaPalla, JunJun, and VesVes. Their attacks are derived from circus skills, with each having a specific talent. In the manga, they also created and commanded the Amazon Trio to attack

14271-410: Is voiced by Ikue Ōtani in Japanese and by Mariya Ise in the Cosmos film. In the English dubs of Sailor Stars and Cosmos , she is voiced by Corina Boettger. She was played by Tomomi Seo, Toni Hosokawa and Miu Hashigaki in the musicals. Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon ( セーラーヘビーメタルパピヨン , Sērā Hebīmetaru Papiyon ) is the fifth and last of the Sailor Animamates to appear. Her name incorporates

14484-413: The Crystal film Sailor Moon Eternal , it is from Sailor Pallas revealed that Nehelenia found them and noticed their dormant power, she cursed them to forced to awaken into a nightmare. They became pawns of the Dead Moon and were made to her bidding. In the anime, VesVes can appear to lack a sense of reality, rushing into things without realizing what she is doing. She is not as picky about her targets as

14697-583: The Milky Way and orbits about 28,000  light-years from its center. It is about 20 light-years above the galactic plane in the Orion Arm . The axial tilt of Earth is approximately 23.439281° with the axis of its orbit plane, always pointing towards the Celestial Poles . Due to Earth's axial tilt, the amount of sunlight reaching any given point on the surface varies over the course of

14910-759: The Pacific , North American , Eurasian , African , Antarctic , Indo-Australian , and South American . Other notable plates include the Arabian Plate , the Caribbean Plate , the Nazca Plate off the west coast of South America and the Scotia Plate in the southern Atlantic Ocean. The Australian Plate fused with the Indian Plate between 50 and 55 Ma . The fastest-moving plates are

15123-549: The Sailor Moon Sailor Stars musical and in its revision, the Eien Densetsu musical and in its revision, Shin Densetsu Kourin , Starlights—Ryuusei Densetsu and Kakyuu-Ouhi Kourin . Her musical story is similar to both the manga and anime adaptation. As in the manga, the final showdown with Galaxia often occurs in the Galaxy Cauldron. As in the anime, Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune pose as Galaxia's henchwomen. Galaxia generally employs fewer Animamates in

15336-419: The asthenosphere , the solid but less-viscous part of the upper mantle that can flow and move along with the plates. As the tectonic plates migrate, oceanic crust is subducted under the leading edges of the plates at convergent boundaries. At the same time, the upwelling of mantle material at divergent boundaries creates mid-ocean ridges. The combination of these processes recycles the oceanic crust back into

15549-415: The celestial equator , this is equivalent to an apparent diameter of the Sun or the Moon every two minutes; from Earth's surface, the apparent sizes of the Sun and the Moon are approximately the same. Earth orbits the Sun, making Earth the third-closest planet to the Sun and part of the inner Solar System . Earth's average orbital distance is about 150 million km (93 million mi), which

15762-410: The equatorial region receiving more sunlight than the polar regions) drive atmospheric and ocean currents , producing a global climate system with different climate regions , and a range of weather phenomena such as precipitation , allowing components such as nitrogen to cycle . Earth is rounded into an ellipsoid with a circumference of about 40,000 km. It is the densest planet in

15975-408: The ocean floor form the top of Earth's crust , which together with parts of the upper mantle form Earth's lithosphere . Earth's crust may be divided into oceanic and continental crust. Beneath the ocean-floor sediments, the oceanic crust is predominantly basaltic , while the continental crust may include lower density materials such as granite , sediments and metamorphic rocks. Nearly 75% of

16188-430: The precessing or moving mean March equinox (when the Sun is at 90° on the equator), is 86,164.0905 seconds of mean solar time (UT1) (23 56 4.0905 ) . Thus the sidereal day is shorter than the stellar day by about 8.4 ms. Apart from meteors within the atmosphere and low-orbiting satellites, the main apparent motion of celestial bodies in Earth's sky is to the west at a rate of 15°/h = 15'/min. For bodies near

16401-474: The sphere of gravitational influence , of Earth is about 1.5 million km (930,000 mi) in radius. This is the maximum distance at which Earth's gravitational influence is stronger than that of the more distant Sun and planets. Objects must orbit Earth within this radius, or they can become unbound by the gravitational perturbation of the Sun. Earth, along with the Solar System, is situated in

16614-493: The stage musicals , with a substantially different background. Here they are homunculus created by Professor Tomoe , and are known as the Samael Quartet . They are portrayed as young children around Chibiusa's apparent age, instead of their normal ages. They are created from Chibiusa's starseed , and are linked to her, having the power to transform into Sailor Guardians as a result. CereCere ( セレセレ , SereSere )

16827-464: The "last ice age", covered large parts of the continents, to the middle latitudes, in ice and ended about 11,700 years ago. Chemical reactions led to the first self-replicating molecules about four billion years ago. A half billion years later, the last common ancestor of all current life arose. The evolution of photosynthesis allowed the Sun's energy to be harvested directly by life forms. The resultant molecular oxygen ( O 2 ) accumulated in

17040-422: The 90s anime, he often gets into fights with Tiger's Eye, though their relationship is rather love-hate, and their arguments are usually playful. His attacks are fire-based, and uses a torch as his primary weapon. His targets reflect his romantic preferences, in this case older women (to contrast with Tiger's Eye's preference for younger girls). He first appears in episode 128 of the anime but his first offensive move

17253-536: The Amazon Trio dream mirrors, knowing that the trio have suffered greatly and have truly changed for the better. They cannot, however, retain their current forms as humans and are taken away by Pegasus to the Crystal Forest. As he places them within the forest, he promises that one day they will be reborn as the humans they wish to be, with their beautiful dreams intact. In the two-part movie Sailor Moon Eternal (which follows Sailor Moon Crystal season three),

17466-537: The Amazon Trio trapped Sailor Mercury, Sailor Mars, and Sailor Jupiter in nightmares. They break free and destroy the Amazon Trio. In the musical Shin Densetsu Kourin , Sailor Galaxia recruits them as her minions. However, in the second stage of the musical, they change their minds and join Sailor Moon instead; since the Sailor Starlights do not appear in this musical, the task of protecting her after

17679-435: The Amazoness Quartet. Xenotime, disguised as a talent scout, invites Minako to a fake idol audition set up by the twins and the Quartet in which the participants must undertake a 'survival audition' in a jungle setting. The participants, encouraged by the folk of the Dead Moon, become aggressive and fall prey to the Lemures but Sailors Mercury, Mars and Jupiter intervene before the same can happen to Minako, who has not received

17892-484: The Cambrian explosion, 535 Ma , there have been at least five major mass extinctions and many minor ones. Apart from the proposed current Holocene extinction event, the most recent was 66 Ma , when an asteroid impact triggered the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs and other large reptiles, but largely spared small animals such as insects, mammals , lizards and birds. Mammalian life has diversified over

18105-457: The Cloverway English adaptation, he is voiced by Benji Plener. In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, he is voiced by Michael Yurchak. He is played by Hikari Ono in the stage musicals. Fish Eye ( フィッシュ・アイ , Fisshu Ai ) was a fish that was turned into a human by Zirconia. He takes the form of a slender, effeminate man with long, pale blue and green hair. In some disguises, he

18318-452: The Cloverway English adaptation, her name is changed to "Parapara" and her voice is supplied by Jen Gould . In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, she is voiced by Xanthe Huynh . In the musicals, she is played by Kurumi Nishijima and Seira Saeki. JunJun ( ジュンジュン , JunJun ) is the green -haired tomboy of the Quartet. She

18531-645: The Dead Moon Circus to hunt down Pegasus. Eventually learning of Helios's close friendship with Chibiusa, Nehelenia realizes that she is the holder of the Golden Dream Mirror that Pegasus is inhabiting. Once obtaining the Golden Crystal, Nelehenia breaks from her mirror and attempts to use its power when the Amazones Quartet steal it to give it to the Sailor Guardians who, along with the people of Earth, break Nehelenia's spell, revealing her true aged form. Nehelenia re-enters her imprisonment within

18744-654: The Earth. Terra is also the name of the planet in some Romance languages , languages that evolved from Latin , like Italian and Portuguese , while in other Romance languages the word gave rise to names with slightly altered spellings, like the Spanish Tierra and the French Terre . The Latinate form Gæa or Gaea ( English: / ˈ dʒ iː . ə / ) of the Greek poetic name Gaia ( Γαῖα ; Ancient Greek : [ɡâi̯.a] or [ɡâj.ja] )

18957-494: The English manga is Kitty Bell . She has a cold personality, willing to kill anyone who is in her way. Tin Nyanko first appears in Act 45 as Nyanko Suzu, a new transfer student from Libya. Like Lead Crow, she confronts people from her home planet, Mau—in this case, Luna and Artemis . Diana arrives and tries to protect them, but Tin Nyanko's Galactica Puppet attack transforms all three into their humanoid selves, then injures

19170-497: The French word for butterfly ; in Japanese culture, butterflies are often considered to be symbolic of the soul. In the Materials Collection artbook, and the musical Ryuusei Densetsu, the word "Heavy" is omitted from her name. Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon comes from the planet Cocoon. Known as the "Soul Hunter," Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon guards a graveyard in the center of the galaxy, surrounded by butterflies. These butterflies are

19383-558: The Galactica Troops. He appeared first as the Master of Ceremonies (hence his name) for a school talent-competition, and has the ability of shapeshifting. His true form is that of a fly-man, with antenna on his head and wings. Shiori Seki portrayed Sailor Buttress, while Ryuuji Kasahara, who later played Kyaosu, portrayed MC Fly. The term Phage ( ファージ , Fāji ) occurs only in the anime series. It describes any monster of

19596-533: The Latin Tellus comes tellurian / t ɛ ˈ l ʊər i ə n / and telluric . The oldest material found in the Solar System is dated to 4.5682 +0.0002 −0.0004 Ga (billion years) ago. By 4.54 ± 0.04 Ga the primordial Earth had formed. The bodies in the Solar System formed and evolved with the Sun. In theory, a solar nebula partitions a volume out of a molecular cloud by gravitational collapse, which begins to spin and flatten into

19809-426: The Moon and, by inference, to that of Earth. Earth's atmosphere and oceans were formed by volcanic activity and outgassing . Water vapor from these sources condensed into the oceans, augmented by water and ice from asteroids, protoplanets , and comets . Sufficient water to fill the oceans may have been on Earth since it formed. In this model, atmospheric greenhouse gases kept the oceans from freezing when

20022-416: The Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, she is voiced by Erica Lindbeck . In the musicals, she is played by Miho Suzuki . Zircon ( ジルコン , Jirukon ) is Zirconia's companion and tool, a flaming eyeball with wings. In the beginning, it simply floats around her staff, but later can fly anywhere, and Zirconia uses it to gather images of those with beautiful dreams. She also uses it as

20235-422: The Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, she is voiced by Laura Post . In the musicals , Nehelenia is portrayed by Kaori Ishikawa. The Amazon Trio ( アマゾントリオ , Amazon Torio ) consists of Fish Eye, Tiger's Eye, and Hawk's Eye. They are created from animals from the circus by the Amazoness Quartet to destroy the Sailor Guardians. They each respectively target a relevant Guardian to kill;

20448-497: The Quartet, Zirconia captures all of them, imprisoning the Quartet inside four magic balls and Saturn and Chibi Moon within two shards of broken mirror. She sends the objects through the mirror to Nehelenia. When the Sailor Guardians confront her, she rises into the sky and grows in size, but the Sailor Guardians use Sailor Planet Power Meditation to defeat her. Zirconia escapes into Nehelenia's mirror with Sailor Moon in pursuit, Zirconia remaining within it and likely ceasing to exist upon

20661-424: The Quartet. She uses ball-based attacks. She is called the Magician of Balancing Balls. Her Sailor Guardian counterpart is Sailor Venus and Sailor Mercury , and her color is blue. Takeuchi listed her as being a bimbo , childish but yet smart. She is the youngest, which corresponds to the number of her asteroid, Pallas . She was also named after the Greek goddess Pallas Athena . In the manga, it's revealed that she

20874-471: The Sailor Animamates. True to her name of mouse, Iron Mouse is very short, at least a foot shorter than all her targets (Takeuchi's notes in the manga state that she is Chibiusa's height, but she is not quite that short in the anime). Iron Mouse fights the Sailor Guardians during the joint concert between the Three Lights and Michiru Kaioh . She is the first one killed by Sailor Star Healer. Her attack

21087-473: The Sailor Crystals of each of the Sailor Guardians on Earth until only Usagi and Chibichibi are left. At the Galaxy Cauldron, Galaxia fights them, until Chaos attempts to kill Galaxia by blasting her off a cliff. Sailor Moon rescues her from falling over the cliff into the cauldron, and Galaxia finally realizes that she has always really wanted love, not power. By accepting Usagi's offer of friendship,

21300-473: The Sailor Crystals, the starseeds of the Sailor Guardians of the galaxy. Those powers combined with that of Sailor Moon would give her the power to destroy Chaos and rule the galaxy. She then created Shadow Galactica and began traveling to planet after planet, turning them into places of death and stealing the starseeds of their guardian Sailor Guardians. In her first conquest on Earth, she steals Mamoru 's Golden Crystal; and after that, she and her henchwomen steal

21513-426: The Sailor Guardians before revealing her tragic past to a powerless Usagi. However, Nehelenia is ultimately redeemed by the Sailor Guardians' forgiveness, and reborn as a small child. Signs point to her having learned her lesson, as she is seen making an effort to become close to her subjects as true friends. In the two-part movie Sailor Moon Eternal (which follows Sailor Moon Crystal season three), Nehelenia's role

21726-524: The Sailor Guardians in Elysion and takes the Silver Crystal. But Nelehenia loses the crystal when its power combined with Tuxedo Mask's newly awakened Golden Crystal prevented this yet again. Nehelenia is destroyed by Eternal Sailor Moon using the joined powers of all the Sailor Team, shriveling into a wizened old woman resembling Zirconia before she and her mirror dissolve into dust that is sealed within

21939-419: The Sailor Guardians like in the manga, the Amazon Trio share a different fate in the anime. After their many failures, Zirconia reveals to them their true natures (those of animals), and while she sends them to steal Usagi's dream mirror, she instructs PallaPalla to send a clown-like Lemures called Mr. Magic Pierrot to finish them. After Usagi's mirror is restored and Mr. Magic Pierrot is defeated, Pegasus grants

22152-498: The Sailor Guardians, she fights Sailor Moon and the Sailor Starlights . In the climax of the battle, Chaos completely possesses Galaxia, whose skin turns light grey and her uniform turns black, with bat-like wings. In the end, Sailor Moon refuses to fight Galaxia and releases Chaos from her body. She leaves and returns to space, intent on returning the stolen starseeds. In the Sailor Moon musicals, Galaxia features prominently in

22365-751: The Sailor Guardians, whereas in the anime the Trio came before the Quartet and served Zirconia. In the Cloverway English adaptation, they are called the "Amazon Quartet". They are actually the Sailor Quartet —commonly referred to in English-speaking fandom as the "Asteroid Guardians", because they are named after the first four major asteroids to be discovered ( Ceres , Pallas , Juno , Vesta ). The four asteroids hold particular importance because they were originally considered planets in history before more were discovered. They had been placed in

22578-479: The Sailor Starlights stopped her. Despite learning their identities, as well as finding a strong star seed, Aluminum Seiren is killed by Galaxia for failing to kill Sailor Moon. In the anime series, she is voiced by Kikuko Inoue in Japanese and by male voice actor Ayumu Murase in the Cosmos film. In the English dubs of Sailor Stars and Cosmos , Sailor Aluminum Siren is voiced by Faye Mata . In

22791-416: The Solar System . Of the four rocky planets , it is the largest and most massive. Earth is about eight light-minutes away from the Sun and orbits it , taking a year (about 365.25 days) to complete one revolution. Earth rotates around its own axis in slightly less than a day (in about 23 hours and 56 minutes). Earth's axis of rotation is tilted with respect to the perpendicular to its orbital plane around

23004-458: The Solar System's planetary-sized objects, Earth is the object with the highest density . Earth's mass is approximately 5.97 × 10   kg ( 5.970  Yg ). It is composed mostly of iron (32.1% by mass ), oxygen (30.1%), silicon (15.1%), magnesium (13.9%), sulfur (2.9%), nickel (1.8%), calcium (1.5%), and aluminium (1.4%), with the remaining 1.2% consisting of trace amounts of other elements. Due to gravitational separation ,

23217-676: The Solar System, formed 4.5 billion years ago from gas and dust in the early Solar System . During the first billion years of Earth's history , the ocean formed and then life developed within it. Life spread globally and has been altering Earth's atmosphere and surface, leading to the Great Oxidation Event two billion years ago. Humans emerged 300,000 years ago in Africa and have spread across every continent on Earth. Humans depend on Earth's biosphere and natural resources for their survival, but have increasingly impacted

23430-586: The Starlight Honeymoon Therapy Kiss and the Silver Moon Crystal Power Kiss attacks. Princess Kakyuu is implied to have this power as well. Those who possess "true" starseeds (i.e. the Sailor Guardians and Tuxedo Mask) do not transform into Phage, and if their star seeds are taken, their body fades away killing them instantly. While Phage do not appear in the manga or musicals, they are referenced in one of

23643-403: The Sun when the star reaches its maximum radius, otherwise, with tidal effects, it may enter the Sun's atmosphere and be vaporized. Earth has a rounded shape , through hydrostatic equilibrium , with an average diameter of 12,742 kilometres (7,918 mi), making it the fifth largest planetary sized and largest terrestrial object of the Solar System . Due to Earth's rotation it has

23856-465: The Sun, producing seasons . Earth is orbited by one permanent natural satellite , the Moon , which orbits Earth at 384,400 km (1.28 light seconds) and is roughly a quarter as wide as Earth. The Moon's gravity helps stabilize Earth's axis, causes tides and gradually slows Earth's rotation . Tidal locking has made the Moon always face Earth with the same side. Earth, like most other bodies in

24069-492: The ability to inflict powerful curses. She made herself known at the celebration of Princess Serenity's birth, the confrontation that followed ending with Queen Serenity sealing Nehelenia within a mirror. Nehelenia used her final moments of freedom to curse the Moon Kingdom to fall before Princess Serenity could take the throne, making her the cause of Silver Millennium's destruction. With the Moon Kingdom no more, as she used

24282-478: The air briefly before Galaxia reclaims them. In the anime, Galaxia frees Queen Nehelenia from the seal and encourages her to take her revenge by unleashing a nightmare upon the "people of the White Moon". It is not revealed until the final few episodes that Galaxia contracted Nehelenia into her service for the sole purpose of forcing Sailor Saturn to reawaken her Guardian powers and get a mature starseed, as at

24495-437: The anime, his targets of seduction are particularly younger women, as he uses his charming abilities to lure them into his traps until the right time to look into their dream mirrors in search of Pegasus. Tiger's Eye is killed when he and Fish's Eye relinquish their power to rebuild Usagi's destroyed Dream Mirror. However, Pegasus revives him and he is sent to Elysion with the others. In the first anime adaptation, his voice actor

24708-707: The anime. In addition, the musicals introduce two new Animamates: Sailor Pewter Fox ( セーラーピューターフォックス , Sērā Pyūtā Fokkusu ) , who acts as leader of the Animamates in these musicals, and Sailor Titanium Kerokko ( セーラーチタンケロッコ , Sērā Chitan Kerokko ) , also known as "Sailor Mitis Kerokko" in Eien Densetsu . Pewter Fox gets many solos in the musicals, indicating the character's high rank in Shadow Galactica. Pewter Fox has been played by Rei Ku and Junko Iemura, while Titanium Kerokko has been played by Haruko Yamaguchi and Megumi Wakamatsu. Sailor Iron Mouse ( セーラーアイアンマウス , Sērā Aian Mausu ) appears first of

24921-425: The atmosphere and due to interaction with ultraviolet solar radiation, formed a protective ozone layer ( O 3 ) in the upper atmosphere. The incorporation of smaller cells within larger ones resulted in the development of complex cells called eukaryotes . True multicellular organisms formed as cells within colonies became increasingly specialized. Aided by the absorption of harmful ultraviolet radiation by

25134-426: The atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), creates the conditions for both liquid surface water and water vapor to persist via the capturing of energy from the Sun's light . This process maintains the current average surface temperature of 14.76 °C (58.57 °F), at which water is liquid under normal atmospheric pressure. Differences in the amount of captured energy between geographic regions (as with

25347-501: The battle. However, it is indicated that Chaos is not dead and will come back as Sailor Chaos much the same as it did in Sailor Cosmos 's future. In the anime adaptation, Galaxia reveals herself as the guardian who sealed Chaos within her own body and thus saved the galaxy. She holds the golden bracelets created for her by Chaos which grants her eternal life and the power to extract starseeds. She also gives each Sailor Animamate

25560-475: The bottom. She kills Luna, Artemis, and Diana, and attacks Sailor Moon. She is stopped by Sailor Mnemosyne, who says that Sailor Moon has been hurt enough. Lethe says that Sailor Moon's Sailor Crystal is the cause for all of the wars they are experiencing, and that if it is destroyed, there will be peace. Sailor Moon offers her life if it will end the violence. Lethe and Mnemosyne are so moved by her self-sacrifice that they realize that whether or not Sailor Moon dies,

25773-511: The bracelets which supplied Galaxia with life and power shatter, and she dies peacefully. In the anime adaptation, Sailor Galaxia is the strongest Sailor Guardian in the Milky Way. Before the beginning of the series, she ends the Sailor Wars by sealing the source of all malice, Chaos, within her body to save the cosmos. To prevent her starseed—the "Light of Hope"—from being corrupted by Chaos, Galaxia expelled it from her body and sends it into

25986-481: The bug theme was dropped. The Galactica Troops disguise themselves as Jūban Municipal High School students or as backup dancers for the Three Lights (depending on the musical) in order to observe the Sailor Guardians, and eventually attack them. The three of them engage a revived Queen Beryl in combat but are defeated by her, and subsequently killed by Galaxia for their failure. In the Cosmos film, Sailors Chi and Phi are voiced by Yuka Komatsu and Fumie Mizusawa in

26199-450: The center, the temperature may be up to 6,000 °C (10,830 °F), and the pressure could reach 360  GPa (52 million  psi ). Because much of the heat is provided by radioactive decay, scientists postulate that early in Earth's history, before isotopes with short half-lives were depleted, Earth's heat production was much higher. At approximately 3  Gyr , twice the present-day heat would have been produced, increasing

26412-454: The continental crust , particularly during the early stages of Earth's history. New continental crust forms as a result of plate tectonics , a process ultimately driven by the continuous loss of heat from Earth's interior. Over the period of hundreds of millions of years, tectonic forces have caused areas of continental crust to group together to form supercontinents that have subsequently broken apart. At approximately 750 Ma , one of

26625-616: The continental surfaces are covered by sedimentary rocks, although they form about 5% of the mass of the crust. Earth's surface topography comprises both the topography of the ocean surface , and the shape of Earth's land surface. The submarine terrain of the ocean floor has an average bathymetric depth of 4 km, and is as varied as the terrain above sea level. Earth's surface is continually being shaped by internal plate tectonic processes including earthquakes and volcanism ; by weathering and erosion driven by ice, water, wind and temperature; and by biological processes including

26838-419: The core are chaotic; the magnetic poles drift and periodically change alignment. This causes secular variation of the main field and field reversals at irregular intervals averaging a few times every million years. The most recent reversal occurred approximately 700,000 years ago. The extent of Earth's magnetic field in space defines the magnetosphere . Ions and electrons of the solar wind are deflected by

27051-527: The core is primarily composed of the denser elements: iron (88.8%), with smaller amounts of nickel (5.8%), sulfur (4.5%), and less than 1% trace elements. The most common rock constituents of the crust are oxides . Over 99% of the crust is composed of various oxides of eleven elements, principally oxides containing silicon (the silicate minerals ), aluminium, iron, calcium, magnesium, potassium, or sodium. The major heat-producing isotopes within Earth are potassium-40 , uranium-238 , and thorium-232 . At

27264-463: The core, through the mantle, and up to Earth's surface, where it is, approximately, a dipole . The poles of the dipole are located close to Earth's geographic poles. At the equator of the magnetic field, the magnetic-field strength at the surface is 3.05 × 10 T , with a magnetic dipole moment of 7.79 × 10 Am at epoch 2000, decreasing nearly 6% per century (although it still remains stronger than its long time average). The convection movements in

27477-433: The crescent moon markings on their foreheads and turns them into ordinary and badly injured cats. Sailor Star Fighter attacks her, and although she escapes unharmed, she is killed by Galaxia. It is revealed that Tin Nyanko killed Sailor Mau, the Guardian of her home planet, taking her star seed so that Tin Nyanko could be a Sailor Guardian. Luna and Artemis call Sailor Mau their planet's only hero (her planet's name comes from

27690-435: The day her powers awakened. Without feeling any purpose for herself, and lacking satisfaction in the role of a mere Sailor Guardian, Galaxia began to crave power. She left her planet in search of another homeland and in her travels, she comes upon Chaos in the form of Wiseman , who showed her what she was looking for—the Galaxy Cauldron. She discovers that for her to gain control of the Galaxy Cauldron, she has to gather

27903-539: The days shorter. Above the Arctic Circle and below the Antarctic Circle there is no daylight at all for part of the year, causing a polar night , and this night extends for several months at the poles themselves. These same latitudes also experience a midnight sun , where the sun remains visible all day. By astronomical convention, the four seasons can be determined by the solstices—the points in

28116-473: The deaths of all three Sailor Starlights, Princess Kakyuu, Sailors Lethe and Mnemosyne , and probably many others. They are defeated by Eternal Sailor Moon in Act 49, but not before they greatly increase Galaxia's power. In the musicals, Sailor Chi and Sailor Phi are often seen with Sailor Theta ( セーラー Θ ( シータ ) , Sērā Shīta ) , but they are Galaxia's lowest ranked servants, collectively known as "Galactica Troops". They receive their orders from

28329-444: The deaths of the Sailor Guardians is taken by the Amazon Trio. Tiger's Eye ( タイガーズ・アイ , Taigāzu Ai ) was a tiger turned into a human by Zirconia. His name is based on the quartz Tiger's eye . He takes the form of a tall, long haired blond man. He wears tight tiger-striped pants and a white top, and attacks with a whip. Tiger's Eye, in animal form, first assisted PallaPalla and VesVes in flushing out Usagi and Chibiusa when

28542-423: The debut of Sailor Buttress ( セーラーバトレス , Sērā Batoresu ) , who functions as Galaxia's adviser and herald, and gives orders to the other members of Shadow Galactica. Her uniform bears a striking resemblance to Galaxia's fully possessed form from the anime, sans wings, and retaining the golden bracelets. Also introduced in these musicals is MC Fly ( ＭＣ・フラーイ , MC Furāi ) , a male servant of Galaxia that leads

28755-441: The destructive solar winds and cosmic radiation . Earth has a dynamic atmosphere , which sustains Earth's surface conditions and protects it from most meteoroids and UV-light at entry . It has a composition of primarily nitrogen and oxygen . Water vapor is widely present in the atmosphere, forming clouds that cover most of the planet. The water vapor acts as a greenhouse gas and, together with other greenhouse gases in

28968-611: The earliest known supercontinents, Rodinia , began to break apart. The continents later recombined to form Pannotia at 600–540 Ma , then finally Pangaea , which also began to break apart at 180 Ma . The most recent pattern of ice ages began about 40 Ma , and then intensified during the Pleistocene about 3 Ma . High- and middle-latitude regions have since undergone repeated cycles of glaciation and thaw, repeating about every 21,000, 41,000 and 100,000 years. The Last Glacial Period , colloquially called

29181-499: The eclipse once more. It is revealed towards the end of the series that Nehelenia is just an incarnation of Chaos , the ultimate antagonist of the series. In the anime, Nelehenia was revealed to have been a queen of her own kingdom and adored by her people. Due to her childhood of having no real friends or loved ones, Nehelenia learned to love herself which led to her vanity which played into her madness when she asked an enchanted mirror to show her future and saw herself as an old hag. As

29394-473: The ending, Queen Beryl will become Queen Metalia and fight alongside Galaxia, who will herself become Sailor Chaos after being completely possessed by Chaos, forcing the Guardians to defeat them both. In the anime series, her voice actress is Mitsuko Horie . In the two-part Cosmos movie, Sailor Galaxia's voice actress is Megumi Hayashibara . In the English dubs of Sailor Stars and Cosmos , her voice

29607-544: The equally large area of land under permafrost ) or deserts (33%). The pedosphere is the outermost layer of Earth's land surface and is composed of soil and subject to soil formation processes. Soil is crucial for land to be arable. Earth's total arable land is 10.7% of the land surface, with 1.3% being permanent cropland. Earth has an estimated 16.7 million km (6.4 million sq mi) of cropland and 33.5 million km (12.9 million sq mi) of pastureland. The land surface and

29820-429: The fifth story arc, they accompany Sailor Chibi Moon from the future to help in the fight against Shadow Galactica . The Sailor Quartet's uniforms are a cross between those worn by the Sailor Team in their first forms and their final forms, with the Quartet's own image colors. They are shown using two attacks as a group: Pink Lady's Freezing Kiss (all four of them plus Sailor Chibi Moon) and Amazoness! Jungle Arrow (used by

30033-461: The first anime adaptation, and Sailor Moon Cosmos in the second anime adaptation. Shadow Galactica is first introduced in chapter #43 "Stars 1", originally published in Japan's Nakayoshi magazine on March 28, 1996. Shadow Galactica as an organization devotes itself to stealing starseeds , the essence of sentient life, from all in the Milky Way . Its members are led by Sailor Galaxia and have

30246-409: The first one killed by Galaxia. In the anime series, her voice actress is Eriko Hara in Japanese and in the Cosmos film, it is Sena Koizumi. In the English dubs of Sailor Stars and Cosmos , Sailor Iron Mouse is voiced by Katie Leigh . In the musicals, Chie Maruyama, Aki Kudo and Shion Aoki portray Iron Mouse. Sailor Aluminum Siren ( セーラーアルーミナムセイレーン , Sērā Arūminamu Seirēn ) becomes

30459-473: The form of Sailor Moon's major enemies ( Queen Metaria , Wiseman , Master Pharaoh 90 and Queen Nehelenia ), and eventually uses Sailor Galaxia to steal Sailor Crystals to attract Sailor Moon to the Cauldron. In the end, with the help of all of the Guardians, Sailor Moon is able to force it into the Cauldron and everyone who was killed is sent back, each to their planet and time of origin, reincarnated after

30672-485: The four Quartet members). In the anime, the Quartet's history of being Sailor Guardians is never shown to viewer and the story is followed after they are captured by Queen Nehelenia and is already a part of her Dead Moon Circus. They begin working for Queen Nehelenia after she appears inside a magical mirror after hearing the Amazoness Quartet playing in a forest, and then offered to keep the Amazoness Quartet from ever growing old in return. Nehelenia changed their dreams into

30885-712: The four protectors of Chibiusa. In the Crystal film Sailor Moon Eternal , it is from Sailor Pallas revealed that Nehelenia found them and noticed their dormant power, she cursed them to forced to awaken into a nightmare. They became pawns of the Dead Moon and were made to her bidding. In the manga, she is the only member of the Quartet not to use any attacks or spells. In the anime, CereCere tends to be arrogant and haughty, and chases after people that will highlight her perceived beauty for her, such as when she chased after an artist and asked him to repaint her. She also appears extravagant and outrageous while disguised and not in her circus uniform. However, there are moments when she breaks

31098-432: The galaxy in the form of Chibichibi. Becoming possessed by Chaos, Galaxia destroys various planets. Planning to steal the starseeds in the Solar System, Galaxia breaks the seal of Queen Nehelenia to force the awakening of Sailor Saturn . After Nehelenia's redemption, Galaxia uses the Sailor Animamates to steal the Sailor Crystals, but they are unsuccessful. Eventually, after killing Tuxedo Mask, Princess Kakyuu and most of

31311-638: The growth and decomposition of biomass into soil . Earth's mechanically rigid outer layer of Earth's crust and upper mantle , the lithosphere , is divided into tectonic plates . These plates are rigid segments that move relative to each other at one of three boundaries types: at convergent boundaries , two plates come together; at divergent boundaries , two plates are pulled apart; and at transform boundaries , two plates slide past one another laterally. Along these plate boundaries, earthquakes, volcanic activity , mountain-building , and oceanic trench formation can occur. The tectonic plates ride on top of

31524-404: The heat in Earth is lost through plate tectonics, by mantle upwelling associated with mid-ocean ridges . The final major mode of heat loss is through conduction through the lithosphere, the majority of which occurs under the oceans. The gravity of Earth is the acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the distribution of mass within Earth. Near Earth's surface, gravitational acceleration

31737-406: The land surface is taken by the four continental landmasses , which are (in descending order): Africa-Eurasia , America (landmass) , Antarctica , and Australia (landmass) . These landmasses are further broken down and grouped into the continents . The terrain of the land surface varies greatly and consists of mountains, deserts , plains , plateaus , and other landforms . The elevation of

31950-513: The land surface varies from a low point of −418 m (−1,371 ft) at the Dead Sea , to a maximum altitude of 8,848 m (29,029 ft) at the top of Mount Everest . The mean height of land above sea level is about 797 m (2,615 ft). Land can be covered by surface water , snow, ice, artificial structures or vegetation. Most of Earth's land hosts vegetation, but considerable amounts of land are ice sheets (10%, not including

32163-459: The latter's attempt of returning to her time is detected. He later gains human form and assists PallaPalla by subjecting Sailor Mars with her nightmare while she investigates a mysterious hall of mirrors. He is killed when Rei gains her 'Super' form, using her Mars Flame Sniper attack on him. Sailor Moon Eternal has Tiger's Eye's dream of becoming an artist and he retains his human form even after Rei uses her “Exorcized Charm”, attack on him. In

32376-399: The lithosphere, which is divided into independently moving tectonic plates. Beneath the lithosphere is the asthenosphere , a relatively low-viscosity layer on which the lithosphere rides. Important changes in crystal structure within the mantle occur at 410 and 660 km (250 and 410 mi) below the surface, spanning a transition zone that separates the upper and lower mantle. Beneath

32589-410: The loss of oxygen in the atmosphere, making current animal life impossible. Due to the increased luminosity, Earth's mean temperature may reach 100 °C (212 °F) in 1.5 billion years, and all ocean water will evaporate and be lost to space, which may trigger a runaway greenhouse effect , within an estimated 1.6 to 3 billion years. Even if the Sun were stable, a fraction of the water in

32802-456: The lowercase when it is preceded by "the", such as "the atmosphere of the earth". It almost always appears in lowercase in colloquial expressions such as "what on earth are you doing?" The name Terra / ˈ t ɛr ə / occasionally is used in scientific writing and especially in science fiction to distinguish humanity's inhabited planet from others, while in poetry Tellus / ˈ t ɛ l ə s / has been used to denote personification of

33015-497: The magnetosphere. During magnetic storms and substorms , charged particles can be deflected from the outer magnetosphere and especially the magnetotail, directed along field lines into Earth's ionosphere , where atmospheric atoms can be excited and ionized, causing an aurora . Earth's rotation period relative to the Sun—its mean solar day—is 86,400 seconds of mean solar time ( 86,400.0025 SI seconds ). Because Earth's solar day

33228-409: The magnetosphere; solar wind pressure compresses the day-side of the magnetosphere, to about 10 Earth radii, and extends the night-side magnetosphere into a long tail. Because the velocity of the solar wind is greater than the speed at which waves propagate through the solar wind, a supersonic bow shock precedes the day-side magnetosphere within the solar wind. Charged particles are contained within

33441-483: The magnetosphere; the plasmasphere is defined by low-energy particles that essentially follow magnetic field lines as Earth rotates. The ring current is defined by medium-energy particles that drift relative to the geomagnetic field, but with paths that are still dominated by the magnetic field, and the Van Allen radiation belts are formed by high-energy particles whose motion is essentially random, but contained in

33654-610: The manga and in the Cosmos film. Sailor Lethe is named for a naiad in Greek mythology , and for a river of the Greek underworld where dead souls go to forget their past lives before being reincarnated. Sailor Mnemosyne is named for the Titaness of memory, the mother of the muses , as well as another river in the underworld which brought remembrance and omniscience . Sailor Lethe has an attack called Galactica Myosotis Alpestris , which she used to attack Usagi. Myosotis alpestris

33867-589: The manga. They are named for two letters of the Greek alphabet , X (Chi) and Φ (Phi). Each carries a staff with a sun symbol on top of it, which they can use to fight. Sailor Phi also uses an attack called Galactica Plants Blizzard . The pair are known as the "Star Gardeners", and watch over the starseeds that are kept in the Star Garden, which is set around Galactica Palace. They serve as messengers for Galaxia, overseeing her other servants and reporting on their actions. Sailor Chi and Sailor Phi are responsible for

34080-417: The mantle, an extremely low viscosity liquid outer core lies above a solid inner core . Earth's inner core may be rotating at a slightly higher angular velocity than the remainder of the planet, advancing by 0.1–0.5° per year, although both somewhat higher and much lower rates have also been proposed. The radius of the inner core is about one-fifth of that of Earth. The density increases with depth. Among

34293-612: The mantle. Due to this recycling, most of the ocean floor is less than 100 Ma old. The oldest oceanic crust is located in the Western Pacific and is estimated to be 200 Ma old. By comparison, the oldest dated continental crust is 4,030 Ma , although zircons have been found preserved as clasts within Eoarchean sedimentary rocks that give ages up to 4,400 Ma , indicating that at least some continental crust existed at that time. The seven major plates are

34506-421: The mature mask and plays for fun. The other Amazonesses see her as lazy, and take every opportunity to call her such. CereCere summons only plant -based lemures, a possible nod to her Roman namesake Ceres, a goddess of vegetation and plants . In the anime series, her voice actress is Yuri Amano , and Reina Ueda voices her in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation, her name

34719-565: The mirror being destroyed during Nehelenia's demise. In the anime, Zirconia serves as the queen's representative in directing their followers on missions to find Pegasus in the beautiful dreams of people in Tokyo . While the Amazon Trio feared her, Zirconia has trouble keeping the Amazoness Quartet in line. When the Quartet begins to develop sympathy for the Sailor Guardians and destroy their balls, Zirconia escapes to Nehelenia's mirror. Though able to break Queen Nehelenia free from her mirror, Zirconia

34932-430: The mirror to restore her youthful appearance. In Sailor Stars , Nelehenia serves as the main antagonist of the first quarter when she is freed from the mirror by Sailor Galaxia and encouraged to annihilate the Sailor Guardians and to exact her revenge through the shards of her Black Mirror. Among the victims is Mamoru, rendered emotionally dead. After dragging Mamoru into her nightmare dimension, Nelehenia captures all

35145-548: The modern oceans will descend to the mantle , due to reduced steam venting from mid-ocean ridges. The Sun will evolve to become a red giant in about 5 billion years . Models predict that the Sun will expand to roughly 1  AU (150 million km; 93 million mi), about 250 times its present radius. Earth's fate is less clear. As a red giant, the Sun will lose roughly 30% of its mass, so, without tidal effects, Earth will move to an orbit 1.7 AU (250 million km; 160 million mi) from

35358-399: The mother of Thor . Historically, "Earth" has been written in lowercase. Beginning with the use of Early Middle English , its definite sense as "the globe" was expressed as "the earth". By the era of Early Modern English , capitalization of nouns began to prevail , and the earth was also written the Earth , particularly when referenced along with other heavenly bodies. More recently,

35571-587: The musical Le Mouvement Final , Lethe and Mnemosyne do not appear but their roles are taken by Sailors Lead Crow and Aluminum Seiren, respectively. In the manga, Galaxia revives Tuxedo Mask and the Sailor Team and forces them into her service. While under her control, they battle Eternal Sailor Moon, Sailor Chibi Moon, and Sailor Chibi Chibi with evil Galactica versions of their normal attacks. They attack in turn and together, injuring Sailor Moon and breaking her wings before she finally destroys their bracelets. They are reduced to ash, but their Sailor Crystals hang in

35784-413: The musicals she is played by Hitomi Tomashino and Niki Ajima . VesVes ( ベスベス , BesuBesu ) is the red-haired aggressive member of the Quartet. She is loud, brash, and somewhat violent. VesVes is known as the Magician of Beasts. Her Sailor Guardian counterpart is Sailor Mars , and her color is red. She carries a whip and her hair is tied up in a high ponytail which makes her distinguished from

35997-410: The musicals than in either the manga or anime, but several times she resurrects villains from past arcs. Depending on the musical's story, Galaxia is either the final or penultimate enemy the Sailor Guardians must defeat. In Eien Densetsu , Galaxia is successfully purged of evil and sacrifices herself to help the Guardians destroy Chaos, who had been posing as a low-ranking minion. In another version of

36210-506: The musicals, she is played by Ado Endoh and Irya Yuuto. Sailor Tin Nyanko ( セーラーティンにゃんこ , Sērā Tin Nyanko ) is the fourth of the Sailor Animamates to appear. Her human pseudonym is Nyanko Suzu ( 鈴 にゃんこ , Suzu Nyanko ) , which is drawn from her Guardian name and from suzu , the Japanese word for both "tin" and "bell." Nyanko is a colloquial term for a cat, drawn from nyan (the Japanese equivalent of meow ). Her pseudonym in

36423-507: The musicals, she is played by Anri Oonuki and Yuka Kobayashi. Sailor Lead Crow ( セーラーレッドクロウ , Sērā Reddo Kurō ) is the third of the Sailor Animamates to appear. The Tokyopop manga translated her name as Red Crow . Lead Crow first appears in Act 45 at Rei Hino's temple to confront her fellow Coronians, Phobos and Deimos — who are actually Rei's guardians. She succeeds in stealing their star seeds before Sailor Moon destroys her with Starlight Honeymoon Therapy Kiss attack. It

36636-424: The name is sometimes simply given as Earth , by analogy with the names of the other planets , though "earth" and forms with "the earth" remain common. House styles now vary: Oxford spelling recognizes the lowercase form as the more common, with the capitalized form an acceptable variant. Another convention capitalizes "Earth" when appearing as a name, such as a description of the "Earth's atmosphere", but employs

36849-425: The newly forming Sun had only 70% of its current luminosity . By 3.5 Ga , Earth's magnetic field was established, which helped prevent the atmosphere from being stripped away by the solar wind . As the molten outer layer of Earth cooled it formed the first solid crust , which is thought to have been mafic in composition. The first continental crust , which was more felsic in composition, formed by

37062-400: The number of her asteroid. She was supposed to ride a motorcycle . In the manga it is revealed that she is really Sailor Juno ( セーラージュノー , Sērā Junō ) , named for the asteroid Juno and the Roman goddess Juno . In the Crystal film Sailor Moon Eternal , it is from Sailor Pallas revealed that Nehelenia found them and noticed their dormant power, she cursed them to forced to awaken into

37275-593: The ocean may have covered Earth completely. The world ocean is commonly divided into the Pacific Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Antarctic or Southern Ocean , and Arctic Ocean, from largest to smallest. The ocean covers Earth's oceanic crust , with the shelf seas covering the shelves of the continental crust to a lesser extent. The oceanic crust forms large oceanic basins with features like abyssal plains , seamounts , submarine volcanoes , oceanic trenches , submarine canyons , oceanic plateaus , and

37488-670: The oceanic plates, with the Cocos Plate advancing at a rate of 75 mm/a (3.0 in/year) and the Pacific Plate moving 52–69 mm/a (2.0–2.7 in/year). At the other extreme, the slowest-moving plate is the South American Plate, progressing at a typical rate of 10.6 mm/a (0.42 in/year). Earth's interior, like that of the other terrestrial planets, is divided into layers by their chemical or physical ( rheological ) properties. The outer layer

37701-512: The only exception to this is Sailor Venus, who is targeted by Xenotime and Zeolite . While commenting on their looks, series creator Naoko Takeuchi says all three members of the trio show some ambiguity. In the anime, the Amazon Trio's job is to look into the dream mirrors of mortals, searching for the legendary and powerful Pegasus . The Trio choose their victims by seducing various women and men, whether they be young or old, and attacking them while they are vulnerable. Rather than being killed by

37914-466: The only one of the Quartet to do so. She is voiced by Kumiko Watanabe , and by Yuuko Hara in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation, Junjun is the only member of the Quartet to retain her original name and her voice actor was Brandi Ward . In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of the Eternal Movies, she is voiced by Erika Ishii . In

38127-599: The orbit of maximum axial tilt toward or away from the Sun—and the equinoxes , when Earth's rotational axis is aligned with its orbital axis. In the Northern Hemisphere, winter solstice currently occurs around 21 December; summer solstice is near 21 June, spring equinox is around 20 March and autumnal equinox is about 22 or 23 September. In the Southern Hemisphere, the situation is reversed, with

38340-503: The original Japanese version and by Amber Lee Connors and Lisa Ortiz in the English dub, respectively. Sailor Chi has been portrayed on stage by Ado Endoh , Sachiko Akimoto, and Mari Yasuda; Sailor Phi has been portrayed by Kaori Ishikawa, Rieko Akimoto and Mika Komura; Sailor Theta has been played by Yūko Matsumoto, Ado Endoh , and Azusa Katagiri. Sailor Lethe ( セーラーレテ , Sērā Rete ) and Sailor Mnemosyne ( セーラームネモシュネ , Sērā Munemoshune ) are twin sisters that appear only in

38553-412: The other members of Shadow Galactica, and there is no indication that they have a special role as Star Gardeners. Phi and Chi's uniforms are also altered to be completely different from their manga counterparts and to match Theta. In the first Stars musical, Sailor Phi goes by the name "Shadow Bee", Sailor Chi goes by "Shadow Mantis", and Sailor Theta goes by "Shadow Bug". After the Sailor Stars musical,

38766-410: The other members of the Quartet. She is listed as being a "Queen" and having a darker skin color than JunJun. She is the second oldest of the Amazoness Quartet. In the manga it is revealed that she is really Sailor Vesta ( セーラーベスタ , Sērā Besuta ) named after the asteroid Vesta and the Roman goddess Vesta . In Act 39/45 ("Dream 6"), she uses "Steel Ball" to send knives at the Sailor Guardians. In

38979-414: The other three. She tends to command lemures that are animal-themed. VesVes has the most appearances in the anime out of the four. Junko Hagimori provides her voice in the first anime series, and Rie Takahashi in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation, her name is changed to "Besubesu"/"Vesuvesu" and she is voiced by Karyn Dwyer . In the Viz Media English adaptation and

39192-461: The outside world. Each of them were given a pair of Galaxia's golden bracelets that grants them the power to extract starseeds and even turn their victims into Phage . They gave up their own Sailor Crystals to Galaxia to possess them, therefore taking the bracelets out would instantly kill them. Eternal Sailor Moon matches them at every turn: she alone has the power to heal Phage and restore star seeds to innocents. They can warp from place to place using

39405-464: The overarching antagonist of the Sailor Moon series. Chaos appears as an enormous mass of black fourth-dimensional space. It is revealed that Chaos was a being who failed to become a star, and that it merged itself with the Galaxy Cauldron, so destroying Chaos would result in the destruction of the Cauldron as well. It emerges that, during the course of the series, Chaos sends out incarnations in

39618-649: The ozone layer, life colonized Earth's surface. Among the earliest fossil evidence for life is microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western Australia , biogenic graphite found in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks in Western Greenland , and remains of biotic material found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia. The earliest direct evidence of life on Earth

39831-474: The partial melting of this mafic crust. The presence of grains of the mineral zircon of Hadean age in Eoarchean sedimentary rocks suggests that at least some felsic crust existed as early as 4.4 Ga , only 140  Ma after Earth's formation. There are two main models of how this initial small volume of continental crust evolved to reach its current abundance: (1) a relatively steady growth up to

40044-501: The past 66 Mys , and several million years ago, an African ape species gained the ability to stand upright. This facilitated tool use and encouraged communication that provided the nutrition and stimulation needed for a larger brain, which led to the evolution of humans . The development of agriculture , and then civilization , led to humans having an influence on Earth and the nature and quantity of other life forms that continues to this day. Earth's expected long-term future

40257-474: The person into a sort of parody Sailor Guardian (gender being retained). They change shape based on their dominant personality trait or hobby, and take on exaggerated mannerisms and names such as "Sailor Guts", "Sailor Teacher", or "Sailor Antique". After fighting the Phage, Eternal Sailor Moon has the power to restore them to their normal forms and to return their normal star seed back into their human bodies using

40470-427: The physical form of Amazon Stones, instructing them to use these to remove the "dream mirrors" of humans. The Quartet also use the Amazon Stones for other attacks. They are dedicated to this task, but still generally spend more time playing than working. In the two-part movie Sailor Moon Eternal (which follows Sailor Moon Crystal season three), their roles are similar to the manga. The Quartet appears in several of

40683-478: The planet's environment . Humanity's current impact on Earth's climate and biosphere is unsustainable , threatening the livelihood of humans and many other forms of life, and causing widespread extinctions . The Modern English word Earth developed, via Middle English , from an Old English noun most often spelled eorðe . It has cognates in every Germanic language , and their ancestral root has been reconstructed as * erþō . In its earliest attestation,

40896-421: The polar Northern and Southern hemispheres; or by longitude into the continental Eastern and Western hemispheres. Most of Earth's surface is ocean water: 70.8% or 361 million km (139 million sq mi). This vast pool of salty water is often called the world ocean , and makes Earth with its dynamic hydrosphere a water world or ocean world . Indeed, in Earth's early history

41109-495: The present day, which is supported by the radiometric dating of continental crust globally and (2) an initial rapid growth in the volume of continental crust during the Archean , forming the bulk of the continental crust that now exists, which is supported by isotopic evidence from hafnium in zircons and neodymium in sedimentary rocks. The two models and the data that support them can be reconciled by large-scale recycling of

41322-493: The rates of mantle convection and plate tectonics, and allowing the production of uncommon igneous rocks such as komatiites that are rarely formed today. The mean heat loss from Earth is 87 mW m , for a global heat loss of 4.42 × 10  W . A portion of the core's thermal energy is transported toward the crust by mantle plumes , a form of convection consisting of upwellings of higher-temperature rock. These plumes can produce hotspots and flood basalts . More of

41535-530: The remnants of the dead Sailor Guardians whose Sailor Crystals had been taken. She shows Eternal Sailor Moon, Sailor Kakyuu, and ChibiChibi the graves that had been dug for them, binds them with vines, and prepares to burn them to death. The three are saved by the arrival of Sailor Chibi Moon and the Sailor Quartet , who destroy Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon with their group attack. The Materials Collection states that Sailor Heavy Metal Papillon manipulates fire, and attacks with Galactica Scales , although this attack

41748-439: The role of Kyaosu. Sailor Chaos ( セーラーカオス , Sērā Kaosu ) represents Chaos reborn. According to Sailor Cosmos, Chaos will emerge from the Galaxy Cauldron reborn as a powerful Sailor Guardian. Sailor Cosmos, frustrated with an ongoing battle against Sailor Chaos, disguised herself as ChibiChibi to travel back in time and convince Sailor Moon to destroy the Galaxy Cauldron, and thereby to prevent Sailor Chaos emerging to start

41961-445: The scenes showing "her" as a shirtless man are still shown. Fisheye merely claims that "she's" not like other women. He is voiced by Akira Ishida in the first anime adaptation, while Shouta Aoi voices him in Crystal film, Sailor Moon Eternal . In the Cloverway English adaptation, Fisheye's voice is supplied by Deborah Drakeford. In the Viz Media English adaptation and the Netflix English dub of Sailor Moon Eternal Pt. 1 and 2, he

42174-421: The second of the Sailor Animamates to appear. The Greek word Seiren in her name means the same as the English " Siren " and often appears romanized as such. In most iterations, her attack is Galactica Tsunami , but in the Cosmos film, it is Galactica Wave . Aluminum Siren first appears in Act 44 on the roof of Jūban High School and attacks Usagi and Seiya with Galactica Tsunami . She succeeds in stealing

42387-522: The shape of an ellipsoid , bulging at its Equator ; its diameter is 43 kilometres (27 mi) longer there than at its poles . Earth's shape also has local topographic variations; the largest local variations, like the Mariana Trench (10,925 metres or 35,843 feet below local sea level), shortens Earth's average radius by 0.17% and Mount Everest (8,848 metres or 29,029 feet above local sea level) lengthens it by 0.14%. Since Earth's surface

42600-498: The songs in the musical. In an academic thesis discussing gender and inclusion in Japanese cultural products, author Marina Albaladejo established a contrast between Sailor Galaxia and Sailor Moon, stating that the latter understands that the strength of a Sailor Guardian comes from the union of all warriors, and not from the abuse and pretension of a single warrior, as Galaxia herself believed. In her review of Shinto and feminism in Sailor Moon , author Sarah Reeves wrote that Galaxia

42813-453: The star seeds of Sailor Mercury and Sailor Jupiter , killing them instantly; then Sailor Star Maker and Sailor Star Fighter kill her. According to the Materials Collection , she sings and writes ballads as a hobby. In the anime adaptation, Aluminum Siren makes her first appearance in episode 180. Her human pseudonym is Reiko Aya ( 彩 れい子 , Aya Reiko ) , which may be a pun on "puppet," "mermaid," "makeup" and "child spirit." She

43026-415: The summer and winter solstices exchanged and the spring and autumnal equinox dates swapped. Shadow Galactica#Chaos Shadow Galactica ( シャドウ・ギャラクティカ , Shadō Gyarakutika ) are a group of fictional characters in the Sailor Moon manga series created by Naoko Takeuchi . They are the villains of the series' fifth and final story arc, called Stars in the manga, Sailor Moon Sailor Stars in

43239-548: The time Hotaru was merely an infant. Also in the anime, Sailor Uranus and Sailor Neptune willingly join her so that they can "remain together forever", getting Shadow Galactica's bracelets. They make Galaxia, as well as Sailor Moon and the Starlights, believe that they are under Galaxia's control, but their act is just a ruse to get close enough to Galaxia to turn on her and attempt to take her star seed. However, since Galaxia no longer has her star seed, their sneak attack fails and she removes their bracelets, which kills them. This scene

43452-483: The title "Sailor" followed by the name of a chemical element (usually a metal or an alloy ) and the name of an animal. Despite the titles, none of them is a true Sailor Guardian but merely normal living-beings who gave up their own star-seeds to Galaxia to become one — each of them murdered the Guardian of their home planet in order to win Galaxia's favor. The victims of three Animamates are explicitly named: Sailor Coronis, Sailor Mau and Sailor Chū (Sailor Coronis

43665-414: The ultimate goal of reorganizing the universe in the image that Chaos desires. The Sailor Moon musicals state that they have already conquered 80% of the Milky Way, and all 88 constellations—with only Sailor Moon 's Solar System remaining. Sailor Galaxia's castle, Galactica Palace ( ギャラクティカ・パレス , Gyarakutika Paresu ) , serves as Shadow Galactica's base of operations in the manga. Galactica Palace

43878-402: The war will continue. Just as they are about to release the Guardians, Sailor Chi and Sailor Phi appear. They call Lethe and Mnemosyne useless fools and take their Sailor Crystals, which kills them. In the Cosmos film, Sailors Lethe and Mnemosyne are voiced by Shiori Mikami and Kanae Itō in the original Japanese version and by Risa Mei and Megan Harvey in the English dub, respectively. In

44091-490: The way in which the Animamates pick their victims follows "the standard operating procedure of all Sailor Moon villains—find the most famous or prettiest person and just assume they're who you want, rinse, repeat." In particular, the author found Iron Mouse as one of the more "endearing" antagonists of the series and wonders why other villains refused to engage with Sailor Moon's speeches the way she did. Silverman concluded her review stating that Galaxia's overall character set up

44304-411: The week formed by the use of Galaxia's golden armlets, which are infused with the power of Chaos and are used by a Sailor Animamate. After an Animamate has extracted the star seed from a normal person they would often abandon each of them upon discovering that the victim only has a "normal" star seed before their brightness fades away. A person's star seed will then turn black as it corrupts and transforms

44517-461: The word eorðe was used to translate the many senses of Latin terra and Greek γῆ gē : the ground, its soil , dry land, the human world, the surface of the world (including the sea), and the globe itself. As with Roman Terra /Tellūs and Greek Gaia , Earth may have been a personified goddess in Germanic paganism : late Norse mythology included Jörð ("Earth"), a giantess often given as

44730-620: The year. This causes the seasonal change in climate, with summer in the Northern Hemisphere occurring when the Tropic of Cancer is facing the Sun, and in the Southern Hemisphere when the Tropic of Capricorn faces the Sun. In each instance, winter occurs simultaneously in the opposite hemisphere. During the summer, the day lasts longer, and the Sun climbs higher in the sky. In winter, the climate becomes cooler and

44943-422: Was forced to inhabit a weak physical shell but after Moon purged his energy from Galaxia, he regains his full strength and once more threatens to destroy the galaxy. He is defeated when all the Guardians, including a revived Galaxia, combine their powers. In the Cosmos film, Chaos is voiced by Mitsuki Saiga . In the English dub of Cosmos , he is voiced by Kari Wahlgren . In the musicals, Ryuuji Kasahara played

45156-400: Was maintained in the later Viz English-language adaptation. In the Materials Collection , Naoko Takeuchi mentions intentional insect-like elements in her design, possibly a reference to insect genus Nehalennia . Zirconia communicates with Nehelenia and delivers her orders to the Amazoness Quartet. When Sailor Saturn and Sailor Chibi Moon begin to break through Zirconia's influence on

45369-412: Was one of the highlights of the season. While reviewing the second half of Sailor Stars , Silverman described Galaxia as "among the more dangerous (and scary) villains Sailor Moon and the Guardians have taken on, and nothing drives that home more than watching her casually kill off her own minions; seeing her dissolve someone in their friend's arms is horrific." She also says that the absence of several of

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