Misplaced Pages

#382617

85-697: Charles Samuel Bush (born April 13, 1952) is an American mandolinist who is considered an originator of progressive bluegrass music. In 2020, he was inducted into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Fame as a member of New Grass Revival . He was inducted into the Hall of Fame a second time in 2023 as a solo artist. Born in Bowling Green , Kentucky, Bush was exposed to country and bluegrass music at an early age through his father, Charlie's, record collection, and later by

170-536: A 440 Hz A , standard in most parts of the western world. Some players use an A up to 10 Hz above or below a 440, mainly outside the United States. [REDACTED] Other tunings exist, including cross-tunings , in which the usually doubled string runs are tuned to different pitches. Additionally, guitarists may sometimes tune a mandolin to mimic a portion of the intervals on a standard guitar tuning to achieve familiar fretting patterns. The mandolin

255-473: A bass guitar . These were made by the Gibson company in the early 20th century, was also never very common. A smaller scale four-string mandobass, usually tuned in fifths: G 1 –D 2 –A 2 –E 3 (two octaves below the mandolin), though not as resonant as the larger instrument, was often preferred by players as easier to handle and more portable. Reportedly, however, most mandolin orchestras preferred to use

340-428: A stage (if not actual then an area of the floor designated as such). Concerts often require live event support with professional audio equipment. Before recorded music, concerts provided the main opportunity to hear musicians play. For large concerts or concert tours, the challenging logistics of arranging the musicians, venue, equipment and audience (ticket sales) are handled by professional tour promoters . While

425-505: A violin (F-5 and A-5), or a single oval sound hole (F-4 and A-4 and lower models) directly under the strings. Much variation exists between makers working from these archetypes, and other variants have become increasingly common. Generally, in the United States, Gibson F-hole F-5 mandolins and mandolins influenced by that design are strongly associated with bluegrass, while the A-style is associated with other types of music, although it too

510-618: A "modified x-bracing" that incorporates both a tone bar and X-bracing. Numerous modern mandolin makers build instruments that largely replicate the Gibson F-5 Artist models built in the early 1920s under the supervision of Gibson acoustician Lloyd Loar . Original Loar-signed instruments are sought after and extremely valuable. Other makers from the Loar period and earlier include Lyon and Healy , Vega and Larson Brothers . The ideal for archtops has been solid pieces of wood carved into

595-519: A Kalamazoo, Michigan, luthier who founded the "Gibson Mandolin-Guitar Manufacturing Co., Limited" in 1902. Gibson mandolins evolved into two basic styles: the Florentine or F-style, which has a decorative scroll near the neck, two points on the lower body and usually a scroll carved into the headstock; and the A-style, which is pear-shaped, has no points and usually has a simpler headstock. These styles generally have either two f-shaped soundholes like

680-444: A concert venue might also have a recognizable style that comprises that venue's scene. A recital is a solo concerto , i.e. a concert by a soloist or small group which follows a program . It can highlight a single performer, sometimes accompanied by piano , or a performance of the works of a single composer , or a single instrument ( organ recital ). The invention of the solo piano recital has been attributed to Franz Liszt . Also,

765-509: A fingerboard with frets . The action of the strings on the bridge causes the soundboard to vibrate, producing sound. Like any plucked instrument, mandolin notes decay to silence rather than sound out continuously as with a bowed note on a violin , and mandolin notes decay faster than larger chordophones like the guitar. This encourages the use of tremolo (rapid picking of one or more pairs of strings) to create sustained notes or chords. The mandolin's paired strings facilitate this technique:

850-415: A greater number of artists, especially those that last for multiple days, are known as festivals . Unlike other concerts, which typically remain in a single genre of music or work of a particular artist, festivals often cover a broad scope of music and arts. Due to their size, festivals are almost exclusively held outdoors. New platforms for festivals are becoming increasingly popular such as Jam Cruise, which

935-401: A high level over a long concert tour is associated with depression and substance abuse . In some concert settings, such as classical music, the audience participates passively. In other concert settings, especially folk or rock concerts, the performers encourage and engage with an active audience response. The intensity of the sound environment and the crush of the mass audience can induce

SECTION 10

#1732793050383

1020-485: A mandocello tuning using fifths C 2 C 2 G 2 G 2 D 3 D 3 A 3 A 3 (E 4 ) (E 4 ). The mandobass is the bass version of the mandolin, just as the double bass is the bass to the violin. Like the double bass, it most frequently has 4 single strings, rather than double courses—and like the double bass, it is most commonly tuned to perfect fourths rather than fifths like most mandolin family instruments: E 1 –A 1 –D 2 –G 2, —the same tuning as

1105-565: A member of the mandolin family, has a reasonable resemblance and similar range to the octave mandolin. It derives from the Greek bouzouki (a long-necked lute), constructed like a flat-backed mandolin and uses fifth-based tunings, most often G 2 –D 3 –A 3 –D 4 . Other tunings include: A 2 –D 3 –A 3 –D 4 , G 2 –D 3 –A 3 –E 4 (an octave below the mandolin—in which case it essentially functions as an octave mandolin), G 2 –D 3 –G 3 –D 4 or A 2 –D 3 –A 3 –E 4 . Although

1190-605: A paying audience of 185,000 in Maracanã Stadium , Rio de Janeiro. Rod Stewart also holds the record for the biggest attendance in a free concert, with an estimated audience of 3.5 million during his 1994 New Year's Eve concert in Copacabana Beach , Rio de Janeiro. Many musicians performing in large venues or to a mass audience through electronic media experience stage fright or performance anxiety. The psychological stress of maintaining performance at

1275-879: A recital may have many participants, as for a dance recital. A dance recital is a presentation of choreographed moves for an audience, usually in an established performing arts venue, possibly competitively . Some dance recitals are seasonal. Some performers or groups put on very elaborate and expensive shows. To create a memorable and exciting atmosphere and increase the spectacle, performers frequently include additional entertainment devices. These can include elaborate stage lighting , electronic imagery via (IMAG) system and/or pre-recorded video, inflatable sets, artwork or other set pieces, various special effects such as theatrical smoke and fog and pyrotechnics , and unusual costumes or wardrobe. Some singers , especially popular music, augment concert sound with pre-recorded accompaniment , back-up dancers, and even broadcast vocal tracks of

1360-410: A shorter-scaled Irish bouzouki as a cittern, irrespective of whether it has four or five courses. Other relatives of the cittern, which might also be loosely linked to the mandolins (and are sometimes tuned and played as such), include the 6-course/12-string Portuguese guitar and the 5-course/9-string waldzither . The mandocello is classically tuned to an octave plus a fifth below the mandolin, in

1445-456: A sound that is less full than a well-made, carved-top mandolin. Flatback mandolins use a thin sheet of wood with bracing for the back, as a guitar uses, rather than the bowl of the bowlback or the arched back of the carved mandolins. Like the bowlback, the flatback has a round sound hole. This has been sometimes modified to an elongated hole, called a D-hole. The body has a rounded almond shape with flat or sometimes canted soundboard. The type

1530-486: A style developed by Seiffert, with a larger and rounder body. Japanese brands include Kunishima and Suzuki. Other Japanese manufacturers include Oona, Kawada, Noguchi, Toichiro Ishikawa, Rokutaro Nakade, Otiai Tadao, Yoshihiko Takusari, Nokuti Makoto, Watanabe, Kanou Kadama and Ochiai. Another family of bowlback mandolins came from Milan and Lombardy . These mandolins are closer to the mandolino or mandore than other modern mandolins. They are shorter and wider than

1615-447: A variety of singers who are organized by a conductor or director. Rock concerts are those where rock musicians perform in front of audiences which may vary from small to huge stadium concerts. Mosh pits are often a feature of modern rock concerts. Rock concerts are often conducted at extremely high volume levels, near the threshold of hearing loss . There are a wide variety of concert venues that can range in size, location, and

1700-426: A wide variety and size of settings, from private houses and small nightclubs , dedicated concert halls , amphitheatres and parks , to large multipurpose buildings, such as arenas and stadiums . Indoor concerts held in the largest venues are sometimes called arena concerts or amphitheatre concerts . Informal names for a concert include show and gig . Regardless of the venue, musicians usually perform on

1785-485: A young teen. After demonstrating his mandolin technique Monroe offered the advice: "stick to the fiddle". Sam is one of the main attractions at the annual Telluride Bluegrass Festival in Telluride, Colorado and plays the eight p.m. set on Saturday night as well as many guest appearances throughout the weekend. He is affectionately known as "The King of Telluride" for his perennial appearances there (and Emmylou Harris

SECTION 20

#1732793050383

1870-657: Is a festival held on a cruise ship, as well as Mayan Holidaze, which is a destination festival held in Tulum . A concert tour is a series of concerts by an artist or group of artists in different cities, countries, or locations. Often concert tours are named, to differentiate different tours by the same artist and associate a specific tour with a particular album or product. Especially in the popular music world, such tours can become large-scale enterprises that last for several months or even years, are seen by hundreds of thousands or millions of people, and bring in millions of dollars, or

1955-545: Is a movable length of hardwood. A pickguard is glued below the sound hole under the strings. European roundbacks commonly use a 13-inch (330 mm) scale instead of the 13 + 7 ⁄ 8 inches (350 mm) common on archtop Mandolins. Intertwined with the Neapolitan style is the Roman style mandolin, which has influenced it. The Roman mandolin had a fingerboard that was more curved and narrow. The fingerboard

2040-478: Is a small-scale orchestra containing between ten and forty members, mostly string instruments, and likely led by a conductor. Symphony orchestra, on the other hand, is a large-scale orchestra that can have up to eighty or more members, which is led by a conductor and is performed with instruments such as strings , woodwinds , brass instruments , and percussion . For choral style pieces, concerts include Choral music , Opera , and musical theater . Each encompassing

2125-534: Is an accomplished instrumentalist on mandolin and fiddle winning title of National Fiddle champion at fifteen years of age. He was a founding member of the New Grass Revival and has been called a modern-day Bill Monroe , or as Sam would tell . . . . if Bill was the father of bluegrass then I could be the mother because Monroe would say: 'here comes that mother now!' Sam, affectionately "Sammy", or "Mr. Entertainment", also recalls meeting Mr. Monroe as

2210-466: Is an uncovered circular or oval-shaped venue with tiers of seats surrounding the stage. Amphitheaters such as the well-known Red Rocks Amphitheatre , located in Colorado, hosts mainly rock and pop concerts. Rock and pop concerts, however, are mainly held in sports stadiums and arenas such as Madison Square Garden because of the tendency for these stadiums to have a larger capacity. Concerts involving

2295-458: Is most often used for and associated with bluegrass. The F-5's more complicated woodwork also translates into a more expensive instrument. Internal bracing to support the top in the F-style mandolins is usually achieved with parallel tone bars, similar to the bass bar on a violin. Some makers instead employ "X-bracing", which is two tone-bars mortised together to form an X. Some luthiers now using

2380-471: Is normally tuned like a viola (perfect fifth below the mandolin) and tenor banjo: C 3 –G 3 –D 4 –A 4 . The octave mandolin (US and Canada), termed the octave mandola in Britain and Ireland and mandola in continental Europe, is tuned an octave below the mandolin: G 2 –D 3 –A 3 –E 4 . Its relationship to the mandolin is that of the tenor violin to the violin, or the tenor saxophone to

2465-401: Is similar to a mandocello, ordinarily tuned C 3 /C 2 –G 3 /G 2 –D 3 /D 3 –A 3 /A 3 with half of each pair of the lower two courses being tuned an octave high on a lighter gauge string. The body is a staved bowl, the saddle-less bridge glued to the flat face like most ouds and lutes, with mechanical tuners, steel strings, and tied gut frets. Modern laoutos, as played on Crete, have

2550-399: Is the soprano member of the mandolin family, as the violin is the soprano member of the violin family . Like the violin, its scale length is typically about 13 inches (330 mm). Modern American mandolins modelled after Gibsons have a longer scale , about 13 + 7 ⁄ 8 inches (350 mm). The strings in each of its double-strung courses are tuned in unison, and the courses use

2635-461: Is the usual Greek bouzouki scale, are not unknown. In modern usage, however, the terms "octave mandolin" and "Irish bouzouki" are often used interchangeably to refer to the same instrument. The modern cittern may also be loosely included in an "extended" mandolin family, based on resemblance to the flat-backed mandolins, which it predates. Its own lineage dates it back to the Renaissance . It

Sam Bush - Misplaced Pages Continue

2720-418: Is typically a five course (ten-string) instrument having a scale length between 20 and 22 inches (510 and 560 mm). The instrument is most often tuned to either D 2 –G 2 –D 3 –A 3 –D 4 or G 2 –D 3 –A 3 –D 4 –A 4 , and is essentially an octave mandola with a fifth course at either the top or the bottom of its range. Some luthiers, such as Stefan Sobell, also refer to the octave mandola or

2805-571: Is used in Algeria and Morocco. The instrument can be tuned as a guitar, oud , or mandocello, depending on the music it will be used to play and player preference. When tuning it as a guitar the strings will be tuned (E 2 ) (E 2 ) A 2 A 2 D 3 D 3 G 3 G 3 B 3 B 3 (E 4 ) (E 4 ); strings in parentheses are dropped for a five- or four-course instrument. Using a common Arabic oud tuning D 2 D 2 G 2 G 2 A 2 A 2 D 3 D 3 (G 3 ) (G 3 ) (C 4 ) (C 4 ). For

2890-434: Is used to designate full occupancy by the audience of every seat or place at a venue. It also applies to theatrical productions and cinemas . As of 2017 , Italian singer Vasco Rossi holds the record for the biggest attendance of a ticketed concert with a total of 220,000 tickets sold for his show at Enzo Ferrari Park, Modena , Italy on 1 July 2017. The record was previously held by Paul McCartney 's 1990 concert with

2975-650: The Flatt & Scruggs television show. Buying his first mandolin at the age of 11, his musical interest was further piqued when he attended the inaugural Roanoke, VA Bluegrass Festival in 1965. As a teen, Bush took first place three times in the junior division of the National Oldtime Fiddler's Contest in Weiser, ID. He joined guitarist Wayne Stewart, his mentor and music teacher during Sam's teen years, and banjoist Alan Munde (later of Country Gazette) and

3060-594: The National String Instrument Corporation ) to make a resonator mandolin , and amplifying electric mandolins through amplifiers. A variety of different tunings are used. Usually, courses of 2 adjacent strings are tuned in unison. By far the most common tuning is the same as violin tuning, in scientific pitch notation G 3 –D 4 –A 4 –E 5 , or in Helmholtz pitch notation : g–d′–a′–e″. The numbers of Hz shown above assume

3145-459: The Neapolitan or round-backed mandolin, the archtop mandolin and the flat-backed mandolin. The round-backed version has a deep bottom, constructed of strips of wood, glued together into a bowl. The archtop, also known as the carved-top mandolin has an arched top and a shallower, arched back both carved out of wood. The flat-backed mandolin uses thin sheets of wood for the body, braced on

3230-655: The Strawberry Music Festival ( Memorial Day and Labor Day), Rockygrass (late July), and every spring at the Americana Festival , Merlefest in Wilkesboro, North Carolina . Sam Bush is known as one of the liveliest performers at these festivals, and makes many guest appearances with the other artists. Mandolin There are many styles of mandolin, but the three most common types are

3315-705: The Telluride Bluegrass Festival in Colorado . When the New Grass Revival dissolved in 1989, Bush joined Emmylou Harris ' Nash Ramblers, touring and recording with Harris for the next five years. In 1995, Bush worked as a sideman with Lyle Lovett and Bela Fleck's Flecktones . He formed his own band, featuring Cowan and ex-Nash Ramblers Jon Randall and Larry Atamanuick, shortly before recording his second solo album, Glamour & Grits , in 1996. He released his next album, Howlin' at

3400-527: The soprano saxophone . Octave mandolin scale length is typically about 20 inches (510 mm), although instruments with scales as short as 17 inches (430 mm) or as long as 21 inches (530 mm) are not unknown. The instrument has a variant off the coast of South America in Trinidad, where it is known as the bandol , a flat-backed instrument with four courses, the lower two strung with metal and nylon strings. The Irish bouzouki , though not strictly

3485-558: The "Queen of Telluride"). Sam did tour with Harris' band, The Nash Ramblers. Additional collaborations include recording and live performances with many virtuoso musicians and artists such as Doc Watson , Linda Ronstadt , Dolly Parton , Ann Savoy , Tony Rice , Peter Rowan , Russ Barenberg, David Grisman , Mark O'Connor, Edgar Meyer, and importantly; "Strength in Numbers", a band consisting of Bela Fleck , Mark O'Connor , Edgar Meyer , Jerry Douglas , and Sam Bush. Strength in Numbers

Sam Bush - Misplaced Pages Continue

3570-512: The "potato bug" , " potato beetle ", or tater-bug mandolin. The Neapolitan style has an almond-shaped body resembling a bowl, constructed from curved strips of wood. It usually has a bent sound table , canted in two planes with the design to take the tension of the eight metal strings arranged in four courses. A hardwood fingerboard sits on top of or is flush with the sound table. Very old instruments may use wooden tuning pegs , while newer instruments tend to use geared metal tuners . The bridge

3655-830: The British Progressive Rock band the Moody Blues – 2004's Moody Bluegrass : A Nashville Tribute to the Moody Blues , and 2011's Moody Bluegrass TWO...Much Love . Bush provided the lead vocal for the Ray Thomas song "Nice To Be Here" on the latter album. He lives in Nashville, Tennessee. The Grammy Awards are awarded annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences . Bush has won 3 awards from 14 nominations. As well as being an accomplished bluegrass vocalist, Bush also

3740-678: The Cremonese instrument, which were tuned the same as the Neapolitan. Like the Lombard mandolin, the Genoese mandolin was not tuned in fifths. Its 6 gut strings (or 6 courses of strings) were tuned as a guitar but one octave higher: e-a-d’-g’-b natural-e”. Like the Neapolitan and unlike the Lombard mandolin, the Genoese does not have the bridge glued to the soundboard, but holds the bridge on with downward tension, from strings that run between

3825-417: The Cremonese mandolin, which had four single-strings and a fixed bridge, to which the strings were attached. Bortolazzi said in this book that the new wire-strung mandolins were uncomfortable to play, when compared with the gut-string instruments. Also, he felt they had a "less pleasing...hard, zither-like tone" as compared to the gut string's "softer, full-singing tone." He favored the four single strings of

3910-536: The Irish bouzouki's bass course pairs are most often tuned in unison, on some instruments one of each pair is replaced with a lighter string and tuned in octaves, similar to the 12-string guitar . While occupying the same range as the octave mandolin/octave mandola, the Irish bouzouki is theoretically distinguished from the former instrument by its longer scale length, typically from 24 to 26 inches (610 to 660 mm), although scales as long as 27 inches (690 mm), which

3995-488: The Leland brand. A handful of contemporary luthiers build piccolo mandolins. The mandola , termed the tenor mandola in Britain and Ireland and liola or alto mandolin in continental Europe, is tuned a fifth below the mandolin, in the same relationship as that of the viola to the violin . Some also call this instrument the "alto mandola". Its scale length is typically about 16 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (420 mm). It

4080-415: The Lombard mandolin in 1893 as wider and shorter than the Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallower back and a shorter and wider neck, with six single strings to the regular mandolin's set of 4. The Lombard was tuned C–D–A–E–B–G. The strings were fastened to the bridge like a guitar's. There were 20 frets, covering three octaves, with an additional 5 notes. When Adelstein wrote, there were no nylon strings, and

4165-502: The Moon in 1998, he released Ice Caps: Peaks of Telluride in 2000 , which was a live recording. In 2004, Randall left Bush's band and Brad Davis took over harmony vocals and guitar duties. In 2006, Bush released Laps in Seven . The release was significant because it marked the return of the banjo to Bush's recordings, played by Scott Vestal . The guitarist, Keith Sewell, performed on

4250-407: The Moon , in 1998, with many of the same players and special guests, including Harris, Fleck and J. D. Crowe . In the winter of 1997, Bush and the New Grass Revival reunited for an appearance on Late Night with Conan O'Brien as the backup band for Garth Brooks . On March 28, 1998, Bush's hometown of Bowling Green, KY , honored him with a special "Sam Bush Day" celebration. Following Howlin' at

4335-419: The Neapolitan mandolin and the Lombard mandolin. The Neapolitan style has spread worldwide. Mandolins have a body that acts as a resonator , attached to a neck . The resonating body may be shaped as a bowl ( necked bowl lutes ) or a box ( necked box lutes ). Traditional Italian mandolins, such as the Neapolitan mandolin, meet the necked bowl description. The necked box instruments include archtop mandolins and

SECTION 50

#1732793050383

4420-567: The United States, when the bowlback was being made in numbers, Lyon and Healy was a major manufacturer, especially under the "Washburn" brand. Other American manufacturers include Martin , Vega, and Larson Brothers. In Canada, Brian Dean has manufactured instruments in Neapolitan, Roman, German and American styles but is also known for his original 'Grand Concert' design created for American virtuoso Joseph Brent . German manufacturers include Albert & Mueller, Dietrich, Klaus Knorr, Reinhold Seiffert and Alfred Woll. The German bowlbacks use

4505-492: The bottom and neck of the instrument. The neck was wider than the Neapolitan mandolin's neck. The peg-head is similar to the guitar's. At the very end of the 19th century, a new style, with a carved top and back construction inspired by violin family instruments began to supplant the European-style bowl-back instruments in the United States. This new style is credited to mandolins designed and built by Orville Gibson ,

4590-450: The entire lower course tuned to C 3 , a reentrant octave above the expected low C. Its scale length is typically about 28 inches (710 mm). The Algerian mandole was developed by an Italian luthier in the early 1930s, scaled up from a mandola until it reached a scale length of approximately 25 to 27 inches. It is a flatback instrument, with a wide neck and 4 courses (8 strings), 5 courses (10 strings) or 6 courses (12 strings), and

4675-415: The equivalent, in ticket revenues. A concert residency or musical residency is a series of live music concerts similar to a concert tour , but only performed at one location. While admission to some concerts is free, it is common practice to charge money for concerts by selling admission tickets. Before the advent of recorded-music sales and mechanical royalties in the early 20th century, concerts were

4760-420: The fingers or with a quill. However, modern instruments are louder, using metal strings, which exert more pressure than the gut strings. The modern soundboard is designed to withstand the pressure of metal strings that would break earlier instruments. The soundboard comes in many shapes—but generally round or teardrop-shaped, sometimes with scrolls or other projections. There are usually one or more sound holes in

4845-556: The first concerts did not officially appear until the late 17th century, similar gatherings had been around throughout the 17th century at several European universities, such as Oxford and Cambridge . Officially, though, the first public concerts that required an admission were created by the English violinist John Banister . Over the next few centuries, concerts began to gain larger audiences, and classical symphonies were very popular. Finally, after World War 2, these events changed into

4930-411: The flatback mandolins. Strings run between mechanical tuning machines at the top of the neck to a tailpiece that anchors the other end of the strings. The strings are suspended over the neck and soundboard and pass over a floating bridge . The bridge is kept in contact with the soundboard by the downward pressure from the strings. The neck is either flat or has a slight radius, and is covered with

5015-554: The forefront in all marketing material for the Warped Tour . Concessions and merchandise are also often sold during and after concerts; often by the venue in the case of the former, and by the performing band or artist in the case of the latter. The global live music industry revenue stood at 28.6 billion U.S. dollars in 2023. Taylor Swift’s The Eras Tour in 2023 was record-breaking, generating $ 1.04 billion in revenue, averaging $ 17.3 million per show. The term "full house"

5100-477: The gut and single strings "do not vibrate so clearly and sweetly as the double steel string of the Neapolitan." Brescian mandolins (also known as Cremonese) that have survived in museums have four gut strings instead of six and a fixed bridge. The mandolin was tuned in fifths, like the Neapolitan mandolin. In his 1805 mandolin method , Anweisung die Mandoline von selbst zu erlernen nebst einigen Uebungsstucken von Bortolazzi , Bartolomeo Bortolazzi popularised

5185-440: The ideal thickness, produce the sound consumers expect. Not carving them correctly dulls the sound. The sound of a carved-wood instrument changes the longer it is played, and older instruments are sought out for their rich sound. Laminated-wood presstops are less resonant than carved wood, the wood and glue vibrating differently than wood grain. Presstops made of solid wood have the wood's natural grain compressed, typically creating

SECTION 60

#1732793050383

5270-608: The inside for strength in a similar manner to a guitar. Each style of instrument has its own sound quality and is associated with particular forms of music. Neapolitan mandolins feature prominently in European classical music and traditional music . Archtop instruments are common in American folk music and bluegrass music . Flat-backed instruments are commonly used in Irish, British, and Brazilian folk music, and Mexican estudiantinas . Other mandolin variations differ primarily in

5355-460: The mandola. Bowlback mandolins (also known as roundbacks), are used worldwide. They are most commonly manufactured in Europe, where the long history of mandolin development has created local styles. However, Japanese luthiers also make them. Owing to the shape and to the common construction from wood strips of alternating colors, in the United States these are sometimes colloquially referred to as

5440-622: The modern concerts that take place today. An example of an early, post-WW2 concert is the Moondog Coronation Ball . The first known occurrence of concerts where people are charged admission took place at violinist John Banister 's home in Whitefriars, London in 1672. 6 years later in 1678, a man by the name of Thomas Britton held weekly concerts in Clerkenwell . However, these concerts were different. Before, there

5525-658: The nobility, for only the nobility. Organized by Anne Danican Philidor , the first public concerts in France, and arguably the world, were the Concerts Spirituels . These concerts were held on religious holidays when the Opera was closed and served as a model for concert societies all over the world. In the late 18th century, music from the likes of Haydn and Mozart was brought and performed in English concerts. One notable work from Haydn performed at these concerts

5610-604: The number of strings and include four-string models (tuned in fifths) such as the Brescian and Cremonese; six-string types (tuned in fourths ) such as the Milanese, Lombard, and Sicilian; six-course instruments of 12 strings (two strings per course) such as the Genoese; and the tricordia , with four triple-string courses (12 strings total). Much of mandolin development revolved around the soundboard (the top). Early instruments were quiet, strung with gut strings, and plucked with

5695-429: The ordinary double bass , rather than a specialised mandolin family instrument. Calace and other Italian makers predating Gibson also made mandolin-basses. The relatively rare eight-string mandobass, or "tremolo-bass", also exists, with double courses like the rest of the mandolin family, and is tuned either G 1 –D 2 –A 2 –E 3 , two octaves lower than the mandolin, or C 1 –G 1 –D 2 –A 2 , two octaves below

5780-439: The plectrum (pick) strikes each of a pair of strings alternately, providing a more full and continuous sound than a single string would. Various design variations and amplification techniques have been used to make mandolins comparable in volume with louder instruments and orchestras, including the creation of mandolin-banjo hybrids with the drum-like body of the louder banjo , adding metal resonators (most notably by Dobro and

5865-599: The primary source of revenue for musicians. Revenue from ticket sales typically goes to the performing artists, producers, venue, organizers and the brokers. In the case of benefit concerts , a portion of profits often go towards a charitable organization . Additional revenue is also often raised through in-concert advertising, from free local concerts for local sponsorships to sponsorships from corporations during major tours e.g. 2009's " Vans' Warped Tour Presented by AT&T ". Both Vans and AT&T would have paid significant amounts to have their company names included at

5950-573: The recording, but shortly after took a job with the Dixie Chicks . Bush sought a new guitarist for his recordings and road band and found Stephen Mougin . In 2007, Bush released his first live concert DVD, titled On The Road . 2007 also marked the first time he had been chosen to host the International Bluegrass Music Association Awards. Bush contributed to two bluegrass tribute albums to

6035-423: The right shape. However, another archtop exists, the top made of laminated wood or thin sheets of solid wood, pressed into the arched shape. These have become increasingly common in the world of internationally constructed musical instruments in the 21st century. Pressed-top instruments are made to appear the same as carved-top instruments but do not sound the same as carved-wood tops. Carved-wood tops when carved to

6120-455: The same relationship as that of the cello to the violin, its strings being tuned to C 2 –G 2 –D 3 –A 3 . Its scale length is typically about 26 inches (660 mm). A typical violoncello scale is 27 inches (690 mm). The mandolone was a Baroque member of the mandolin family in the bass range that was surpassed by the mandocello. It was part of the Neapolitan mandolin family. The Greek laouto or laghouto (long-necked lute)

6205-475: The same tuning as the violin: G 3 –D 4 –A 4 –E 5 . The piccolo or sopranino mandolin is a rare member of the family, tuned one octave above the mandola and one fourth above the mandolin (C 4 –G 4 –D 5 –A 5 ); the same relation as that of the piccolo (to the western concert flute ) or violino piccolo (to the violin and viola ). One model was manufactured by the Lyon & Healy company under

6290-479: The singer's own voice. Activities during these concerts can include dancing , sing-alongs, and moshing . Classical concerts embody two different styles of classical music — orchestral and choral. They are performed by a plethora of different groups in concert halls or other performing art venues. For orchestra , depending on the number of performers and the instruments used, concerts include chamber music , chamber orchestra, or symphony orchestra. Chamber orchestra

6375-798: The sole original member. Bassist and vocalist John Cowan joined in 1974, with banjo ace Béla Fleck and acoustic guitarist Pat Flynn being enlisted in 1981. From 1979 through 1981, the group toured with Leon Russell , opening the shows and backing Russell during his headlining set. Beginning in 1980, Bush and Cowan periodically jammed with the Nashville-based Duckbutter Blues Band, whose other members were blues guitarist Kenny Lee, drummer Jeff Jones, and bassist Byron House. Bush recorded his debut solo album, Late as Usual , four years later. In 1989, Bush and Fleck joined Mark O'Connor , Jerry Douglas , and Edgar Meyer in an all-star bluegrass band, Strength in Numbers , at

6460-478: The soundboard, either round, oval, or shaped like a calligraphic f (f-hole). A round or oval sound hole may be covered or bordered with decorative rosettes or purfling . Mandolins evolved from lute family instruments in Europe. Predecessors include the gittern and mandore or mandola in Italy during the 17th and 18th centuries. There were a variety of regional variants, but the two most widespread ones were

6545-489: The standard Neapolitan mandolin, with a shallow back. The instruments have 6 strings, 3 wire treble-strings and 3 gut or wire-wrapped-silk bass-strings. The strings ran between the tuning pegs and a bridge that was glued to the soundboard, as a guitar's. The Lombard mandolins were tuned g–b–e′–a′–d″–g″ (shown in Helmholtz pitch notation ). A developer of the Milanese style was Antonio Monzino (Milan) and his family who made them for six generations. Samuel Adelstein described

6630-707: The three recorded an instrumental album, Poor Richard's Almanac , in 1969. In the spring of 1970, Bush attended the Fiddlers Convention at Union Grove, NC , and was inspired by the rock-flavored progressive bluegrass of the New Deal String Band. Later that year, he moved to Louisville and joined the Bluegrass Alliance. In the fall of 1971, the band dissolved and reformed as the New Grass Revival . The New Grass Revival went through numerous personnel changes, with Bush remaining as

6715-474: The type of music that is hosted at that particular venue. A concert hall is a concert venue which hosts mainly classical music such as a symphony, and they are often a part of a larger performing arts center . One of the most famous concert halls is Royal Albert Hall located in the United Kingdom. This venue hosts a wide variety of genres of music from classical concerts to pop concerts. An amphitheater

6800-464: The venue. Concerts by a small jazz combo or small bluegrass band may have the same order of program, mood, and volume—but vary in music and dress. In a similar way, a particular musician, band, or genre of music might attract concert attendees with similar dress, hairstyle, and behavior. For example, concert goers in the 1960s often had long hair (sometimes in dread lock form), sandals and inexpensive clothing made of natural fibers. Regular attendees to

6885-810: Was a collaboration born from jam sessions at the Telluride Bluegrass Festival . The music on their CD release entitled "The Telluride Sessions" was all instrumental and recorded live, showcasing the individual talent of each player and their ability to improvise. During recent years (2000–2008) there have been many variations of the Strength in Numbers band, also known as "Bluegrass Sessions", always including Jerry Douglas, ( Dobro ), and usually bassist Byron House, also from Bowling Green, KY . Other musicians include Gabe Witcher ( fiddle ), Bryan Sutton (guitar), Tim O'Brien ( fiddle , mandolin , guitar, vocals) and Darol Anger ( fiddle ). Sam Bush Band tours extensively, appearing at many small venues and large festivals such as

6970-407: Was an admission that people paid upon entering the building where the concert was held, but at Britton's concerts, patrons purchased a yearly subscription to come to the concerts. At 10 shillings a year, people could see as many concerts they wanted to. In addition to holding concerts at certain venues, concerts also went to the people. In 17th century France, concerts were performed in the homes of

7055-511: Was developed in Europe in the 1850s. The French and Germans called it a Portuguese mandolin, although they also developed it locally. The Germans used it in Wandervogel . Live concert A concert is a live music performance in front of an audience . The performance may be carried by a single musician, sometimes then called a recital , or by a musical ensemble , such as an orchestra , choir , or band . Concerts are held in

7140-497: Was his set of 12 symphonies, also referred to as the London Symphonies . Concerts reflecting the elegance of England during the time period were held at the gardens of Vauxhall , Ranelagh, and Marylebone . The musical repertoire performed at these events ranged from works composed by young Mozart, to songs that were popular in that time period. The nature of a concert varies by musical genre , individual performers, and

7225-603: Was lengthened over the sound hole for the E strings, the high pitched strings. The shape of the back of the neck was different, less rounded with an edge, the bridge was curved making the G strings higher. The Roman mandolin had mechanical tuning gears before the Neapolitan. Prominent Italian manufacturers include Vinaccia (Naples), Embergher (Rome) and Calace (Naples). Other modern manufacturers include Lorenzo Lippi (Milan), Hendrik van den Broek (Netherlands), Brian Dean (Canada), Salvatore Masiello and Michele Caiazza (La Bottega del Mandolino) and Ferrara, Gabriele Pandini. In

#382617