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39-435: The Seventy Mile Bush was a heavily forested area of New Zealand extending from Wairarapa to Central Hawkes Bay and out to that coast. It was cleared and settled by Scandinavians , assisted immigrants in the 1870s. On arrival they walked from the surrounding coastal settlements ( Wellington , Foxton and Napier ) to cut down the forest and clear the land for farming. The land was not as described to them. Without funds for

78-464: A bachelor's or higher degree, 199,524 (46.3%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 82,521 (19.1%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. Over three-quarters of the 550,600 people (June 2024) reside in the four cities at the southwestern corner. Other main centres of population are on the Kāpiti Coast and in the fertile farming areas close to the upper Ruamahanga River in

117-495: A return passage they were obliged to remain. The area encompasses what are now the towns of Norsewood , Dannevirke , Pahiatua and Eketāhuna in the Tararua District and reached right into Hawkes Bay to the outskirts of Takapau and Maraekakaho . Its eastern boundary stretched almost due north–south from just south of Cape Turnagain on the coast to about 40 kilometres due west of Hastings . The Forty Mile Bush

156-553: Is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Wairarapa The Wairarapa ( / ˌ w aɪ r ə ˈ r æ p ə / ; Māori pronunciation: [ˈwaiɾaɾapa] ), a geographical region of New Zealand , lies in the south-eastern corner of the North Island , east of metropolitan Wellington and south-west of the Hawke's Bay Region . It is lightly populated, having several rural service towns, with Masterton being

195-784: Is in the catchment of the headwaters of the Manawatū River . The river runs westward between the two mountain ranges ( Tararua Range to the south and Ruahine Range to the north) via the Manawatū Gorge , to pass through Palmerston North and reach the west coast of the North Island. The east coast contains settlements such as Tīnui , Castlepoint , and Riversdale Beach , while the main southern rivers drain through or past Lake Wairarapa to discharge into Palliser Bay east of Cook Strait . The name Wairarapa means "glistening waters" in te reo Māori . According to some oral histories,

234-509: The 2018 census , and an increase of 49,656 people (10.5%) since the 2013 census . There were 253,278 males, 263,691 females and 4,002 people of other genders in 196,230 dwellings. 5.7% of people identified as LGBTIQ+ . The median age was 37.9 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 89,685 people (17.2%) aged under 15 years, 109,104 (20.9%) aged 15 to 29, 241,272 (46.3%) aged 30 to 64, and 80,916 (15.5%) aged 65 or older. Of those at least 15 years old, 113,526 (26.3%) people had

273-561: The Interislander and Bluebridge ferry services which operate across Cook Strait between Wellington and Picton in the South Island , and it provides support for cruise ships that visit Wellington each year. CentrePort is majority-owned by Greater Wellington Regional Council, with a 77% shareholding. From 2005 to 2015 there has been increase in the variety and number of native forest bird species, as well as an increase in

312-821: The Pukaha / Mount Bruce National Wildlife Centre , which is just south of Eketāhuna . In January 2023, an area of 3,665 square kilometres (1,415 sq mi), was certified as the Wairarapa Dark Sky Reserve by the International Dark-Sky Association . It was the second dark sky reserve to be certified in New Zealand (after the Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve was recognised in 2012). The certification of

351-608: The Wairarapa Connection from Masterton to Wellington is operated by Metlink Wellington for Metlink . Before 2016, it was operated by Tranz Metro . Many residents, especially in the southern towns such as Featherston and Greytown , commute to work in Wellington , either by train or over the Rimutaka Ranges by car or motorcycle. Many of New Zealand's endangered native bird species can be seen at

390-611: The Wellington Region . In terms of national politics, after the proportional representation electoral system was introduced in 1996, the Wairarapa electorate expanded to include southern Hawke's Bay. The area from Mount Bruce north, extending through Eketāhuna , Pahiatua , Woodville , Dannevirke , to just north of Norsewood is part of the Tararua District and is in the Manawatū-Whanganui region, because it

429-630: The conurbation around the capital city , Wellington , and the cities of Lower Hutt , Porirua , and Upper Hutt , each of which has a rural hinterland; it extends up the west coast of the North Island, taking in the coastal settlements of the Kāpiti Coast District ; east of the Remutaka Range it includes three largely rural districts containing most of Wairarapa , covering the towns of Masterton , Carterton , Greytown , Featherston and Martinborough . The Wellington Regional Council

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468-582: The 2013 census did not have access to a car, compared to 7.9 percent for the whole of New Zealand. The number of households with more than one car is also the lowest: 44.4 percent compared to 54.5 percent nationally. The main port in the region is located in Wellington Harbour . CentrePort Wellington manages cargo passing through the port including containers, logs, vehicles and other bulk cargo. Fuel imports are managed at wharves at Seaview and Miramar . The company also leases wharf facilities to

507-494: The 2013 census, around 25.3 percent of the Wellington region's population was born overseas, second only to Auckland (39.1 percent) and on par with the New Zealand average (25.2 percent). The British Isles is the largest region of origin, accounting for 36.5 percent of the overseas-born population in the region. Significantly, the Wellington region is home to over half of New Zealand's Tokelauan -born population. Catholicism

546-492: The 2023 census were 72.6% European ( Pākehā ); 15.5% Māori ; 9.1% Pasifika ; 15.2% Asian ; 2.3% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.2% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 96.2%, Māori language by 3.9%, Samoan by 2.8% and other languages by 17.2%. No language could be spoken by 2.0% (e.g. too young to talk). New Zealand Sign Language

585-575: The Polynesian explorer Kupe named the wetlands after touching down in the area several times. According to other oral histories, explorer Haunui named the wetlands after the way the lake appeared to glisten from the Remutaka Ranges to the west. During British colonial times the region was also known colloquially as The Wydrop . Rangitāne and Ngāti Kahungunu were the resident Māori tribes ( iwi ) when European explorers arrived in

624-516: The Tararua Range east to the coast). The Ngāti Kahungunu tribe's boundary for the region is similar. Their tribal area begins at Pōrangahau and ends at Turakirae. It is the southernmost of their three rohe (homelands) running down the eastern North Island from Wairoa. For the Rangitāne tribe, the Wairarapa is part of a wider homeland that includes Manawatū and Horowhenua. The north–south divide

663-586: The Wairarapa the largest community by a considerable margin is Masterton , with a population of over 20,000. Other towns include Featherston , Martinborough , Carterton and Greytown . The median income as of the 2023 census was $ 48,700, compared with $ 41,500 nationally. 78,597 people (18.2%) earned over $ 100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 236,730 (54.9%) people were employed full-time, 57,411 (13.3%) were part-time, and 12,573 (2.9%) were unemployed. People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results in

702-471: The Wairarapa with two battalions in Masterton . The agricultural industries, including forestry, cropping, sheep, beef and dairy farming, are major land users. The area around Martinborough , in the south, is notable for its vineyards and wine, as are the outskirts of Masterton and Carterton. Beer has been brewed at Mangatainoka, near Pahiatua , since 1889. There are over 60 wineries in the region since

741-465: The Wairarapa. Along the Kāpiti Coast, numerous small towns sit close together, many of them occupying spaces close to popular beaches. From the north, these include Ōtaki , Waikanae , Paraparaumu , the twin settlements of Raumati Beach and Raumati South , Paekākāriki and Pukerua Bay , the latter being a northern suburb of Porirua . Each of these settlements has a population of between 2,000 and 10,000, making this moderately heavily populated. In

780-529: The Wellington region was estimated at NZ$ 39.00 billion in the year to March 2019, 12.9% of New Zealand's national GDP. The subnational GDP per capita was estimated at $ 74,251 in the same period, the highest of all New Zealand regions. In the year to March 2018, primary industries contributed $ 389 million (1.0%) to the regional GDP, goods-producing industries contributed $ 5.93 billion (15.9%), service industries contributed $ 27.84 billion (74.5%), and taxes and duties contributed $ 3.20 billion (8.6%). Public transport in

819-499: The area in the 1770s. European settlement began in the early 1840s, initially on large grazing runs leased from Māori , and with closer settlement from the 1850s. On 23 January 1855 the strongest earthquake recorded in New Zealand hit the region; it reached magnitude 8.2 on the Richter Scale and caused five deaths among the then sparse population. In World War II United States Marine Corps soldiers were stationed in

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858-586: The cities of Wellington , Porirua , Lower Hutt , and Upper Hutt , accounts for 79 percent of the region's population; other major urban areas include the Kapiti conurbation ( Waikanae , Paraparaumu , Raumati Beach , Raumati South , and Paekākāriki ) and the town of Masterton . The region is administered by the Wellington Regional Council , which uses the promotional name Greater Wellington Regional Council. The council region covers

897-431: The east. Physically and topologically the region has four areas running roughly parallel along a northeast–southwest axis: Wellington Region covers 8,049.47 km (3,107.92 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 550,600 as of June 2024, with a population density of 68 people per km . Wellington Region had a population of 520,971 in the 2023 New Zealand census , an increase of 14,157 people (2.8%) since

936-418: The largest. It is named after its largest lake, Lake Wairarapa . The region is referred to as The Wairarapa , particularly when used after a preposition (e.g., locals will say they live "in the Wairarapa", and travel "to" and "from the Wairarapa"). The Wairarapa is shaped like a rectangle, about 130 kilometres (81 mi) long (from Palliser Bay north to Woodville) and 65 kilometres (40 mi) wide (from

975-535: The name Metlink . Transdev Wellington operates the metropolitan train network, running from the Wellington CBD as far as Waikanae in the north and Masterton in the east. In the year to June 2015, 36.41 million trips were made by public transport with passengers travelling a combined 460.7 million kilometres, equal to 73 trips and 927 km per capita. The Wellington region has the lowest rate of car ownership in New Zealand; 11.7 percent of households at

1014-664: The new dark sky reserve was the result of 5 years of volunteer work by the Wairarapa Dark Sky Reserve Association and local partner organisations. The area covered by the reserve includes the Aorangi Forest Park , and the South Wairarapa and Carterton Districts. Wellington Region The region takes its name from Wellington , New Zealand's capital city and the region's seat. The Wellington urban area, including

1053-502: The range of areas inhabited by these species, in Greater Wellington. The internationally recognised Ramsar estuarine wetlands site at Foxton Beach is of note as having one of the most diverse ranges of wetlands birds to be seen at any one place in New Zealand. A total of 95 species have been identified at the estuary. It is a significant area of salt marsh and mudflat and a valuable feeding ground for many birds including

1092-593: The region in about the tenth century. The region was settled by Europeans in 1839 by the New Zealand Company . Wellington became the capital of Wellington Province upon the creation of the province in 1853, until the Abolition of the Provinces Act came into force on 1 Nov 1876. Wellington became capital of New Zealand in 1865, the third capital after Russell and Auckland. The region occupies

1131-552: The region is well developed compared to other parts of New Zealand. It consists of buses , trains , cars , ferries and a funicular (the Wellington Cable Car ). It also included trams until 1964 and trolleybuses until 2018. Buses and ferries are privately owned, with the infrastructure owned by public bodies, and public transport is often subsidised . The Regional Council is responsible for planning and subsidising public transport. The services are marketed under

1170-636: The region. Otaki in particular has strong connections to the Horowhenua district to the north. This includes having been part of the MidCentral District Health Board (DHB) area, instead of the Capital and Coast DHB area like the rest of the Kāpiti Coast. The Māori who originally settled the region knew it as Te Upoko o te Ika a Māui , meaning "the head of Māui 's fish". Legend recounts that Kupe discovered and explored

1209-669: The southern tip of the North Island, bounded to the west, south and east by the sea. To the west lies the Tasman Sea and to the east the Pacific Ocean , the two seas joined by the narrow and turbulent Cook Strait , which is 28 kilometres (17 mi) wide at its narrowest point, between Cape Terawhiti and Perano Head in the Marlborough Sounds . The region covers 7,860 square kilometres (3,030 sq mi), and extends north to Ōtaki and almost to Eketāhuna in

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1248-589: The terms Wellington region and Greater Wellington are not clearly defined, and areas on the periphery of the region are often excluded. In its more restrictive sense the region refers to the cluster of built-up areas west of the Tararua ranges. The much more sparsely populated area to the east has its own name, Wairarapa , and a centre in Masterton. To a lesser extent, the Kāpiti Coast is sometimes excluded from

1287-666: The towns of Greytown, Featherston and Martinborough and the rural areas down to the Hutt. It is separated from Upper Hutt and Lower Hutt cities by the Rimutaka Ranges . Carterton District Council based in Carterton is the fastest growing area in New Zealand and the Masterton District Council covers areas up to the Tararua District. As such, the majority — but not all — of the Wairarapa lies within

1326-568: The weather is very similar to Burgundy. Deer farming is growing in importance. The region is no longer well served by different transport modes, unless traveling to Wellington. A car is helpful. The State Highway 2, via Rimutaka Hill Road connects the region to Wellington in the south and the Manawatū in the north. The Wairarapa railway line connects the region via the Rimutaka Tunnel to Wellington. A commuter rail passenger service,

1365-806: Was first formed in 1980 from a merger of the Wellington Regional Planning Authority and the Wellington Regional Water Board. Following the creation of the Auckland Council 'super-city' in 2009, a similar merger for councils within the Wellington Region was investigated by the Local Government Commission in 2013. The proposal was scrapped in 2015 following negative public feedback. In common usage

1404-404: Was known by 0.6%. The percentage of people born overseas was 28.1, compared with 28.8% nationally. Religious affiliations were 31.1% Christian , 3.0% Hindu , 1.3% Islam , 0.7% Māori religious beliefs , 1.2% Buddhist , 0.5% New Age , 0.2% Jewish , and 1.7% other religions. People who answered that they had no religion were 54.3%, and 6.1% of people did not answer the census question. In

1443-540: Was reinforced in 1989, when local authority boundaries changed. The new Tararua District Council covers northern Wairarapa and southern Hawke's Bay. The central and southern Wairarapa was divided into three district councils: Masterton, Carterton and the South Wairarapa. South Wairarapa District Council , based in Martinborough, is the local government authority for areas south of Carterton, encompassing

1482-658: Was the largest Christian denomination in Wellington with 14.8 percent affiliating, while Anglicanism was the second-largest with 11.9 percent affiliating. Hinduism (2.4 percent) and Buddhism (1.6 percent) were the largest non-Christian religions in the 2013 census. Key cultural institutions in the region include Te Papa in Wellington, the Dowse Art Museum in Lower Hutt , Pataka museum and gallery in Porirua . The subnational gross domestic product (GDP) of

1521-603: Was the southern part of the Seventy Mile Bush. It extended from Kopuaranga near Masterton to Woodville . A remnant was saved in 1888, the Mount Bruce Forest Reserve, now the site of the Pūkaha / Mount Bruce National Wildlife Centre . 40°26′53″S 176°01′23″E  /  40.448°S 176.023°E  / -40.448; 176.023 This Wellington Region -related geography article

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