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56-623: Consolidated revenues were 450 billion baht (US$ 14 billion) in FY2017 . The cement and building materials unit contributed 38 percent; 44 percent from the chemicals unit; and 18 percent from the packaging unit. In 2016, SCG was ranked No.1 of the top graduate employer in Thailand polled by Asia Internship Program. SCG was founded to set up the first cement plant in Bangkok, Thailand by a royal decree of King Rama VI ( Vajiravudh ) in 1913. Since then,

112-425: A gold standard . From 1856 to 1864, the values of certain foreign silver coins were fixed by law, with 5 baht = 3 Spanish dollar = 7 Indian rupees . Before 1880 the exchange rate was fixed at 8 baht per pound sterling , falling to 10 to the pound during the 1880s. In 1902, the government began to increase the value of the baht by following all increases in the value of silver against gold but not reducing it when

168-467: A traditional system of units related by simple fractions and multiples, one of which is the baht . These are listed in the following table: Though the coins themselves have names like: solot , siao , sik , etc, the formal division of the Thai baht (tical) is 1 baht = 8 fueang = 64 at . This means that one baht is divided into eight fueang , and each one fueang is divided into 8 at . Currently,

224-578: A Royal Treasury Ministry advisor proposed that the Siamese baht followed the issuances of banknotes followed the British standard. The banknote department was established quickly thereafter. The main characteristic of this series was that the notes were one-sided and multilingual, containing Chinese , Malay (in Jawi script ), and Latin scripts. It was also the last series to use the term "tical" to refer to

280-402: A chang, the other name is ekkang, or one thai tamlueng. The tot means ten, as in 1/10 of a chang . The coin was also called thukkang , which means two tamlueng . In the lower denominations materials such as tin , copper and brass are used, since these are quite low value. The first series to depict king Rama V, the coins of this issue were made of copper, silver, and gold. Though gold

336-500: A dual purpose: it authenticated the money and allowed for the quality of the silver to be tested. Over time, as the Sukhothai Kingdom declined and became a vassal state of Ayutthaya—which was established as the capital in 1350—the design of photduang evolved. The coins became rounder with shorter legs, and the central hole, while still present, grew smaller. By the end of this era, the hole disappeared completely. The cuts on

392-488: A few computer fonts have any content for this codepoint and its use is deprecated. (The Japanese for "baht" is バ ーツ ( bā tsu ). However, the reference glyph ⟨㌬⟩ and the character name correspond to パ ーツ ( pā tsu , from English "parts"). ) Before decimalization, the Siamese government employed Chinese , Latin , Jawi ( Malay ), Devanagari , Khmer and Khom , Lanna , and Burmese scripts  in banknotes and coins, as seen. The reason

448-602: A new coinage was introduced, consisting of aluminium 1, 5 and 10 satang, aluminium bronze 25 and 50 satang, cupronickel 1 baht, cupronickel-clad copper 5 baht and bimetallic 10 baht. Cupronickel-clad steel 2 baht were introduced in 2005. The current coin series is the 14th issue. In 2008, in the 13th issue, the Ministry of Finance and the Royal Thai Mint announced the 2009 coin series, which included changes in materials to reduce production costs as well as an update of

504-466: A new family of banknotes featuring a portrait of the current King Vajiralongkorn (Rama X). The main colors and dimensions of the notes are the same as before, with the back designs featuring images of the Kings of Thailand from past to present. The 20, 50 and 100 baht banknotes were issued on Chakri Memorial Day, April 6, 2018. The final two denominations, 500 and 1,000 baht were issued on the anniversary of

560-533: A series of silver coins was introduced in denominations of 5, 10, and 20 satang, due to a shortage of nickel caused by World War II . The next year, tin coins were introduced for 1, 5, and 10 satang, followed by 20 satang in 1945 and 25 and 50 satang in 1946. In 1950, aluminium bronze 5, 10, 25, and 50 satang were introduced whilst, in 1957, bronze 5 and 10 satang were issued, along with 1-baht coins struck in an unusual alloy of copper, nickel, silver and zinc. Several Thai coins were issued for many years without changing

616-461: A spoked wheel symbolizing the "Wheel of Law" from Buddhist teachings or the Chakra (Vishnu's weapon), represented by a pattern of 8 dots surrounding a central dot. The king's personal mark varied with each ruler and included symbols such as a conch shell, a Garuda bird ( khrut ), an elephant, and an anchor, each symbolizing different aspects of the king's reign or divine associations. *continues in

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672-510: Is not clear, though it is a common understanding that it is to ease the facilicitation of trade within Siam. It could also be the case that at the time, the capital, Bangkok (Phra Nakhon) was still a multi-cultural city, so as to be more inclusive, the government added various other language onto the currency - though by the second series after the decimalization in the 1900s, the currency was all but monolingual. 圓 ; yuán ( บาท ): This character

728-461: Is the official currency of Thailand . It is divided into 100 satang ( สตางค์ , pronounced [sà.tāːŋ] ). Prior to decimalisation , the baht was divided into eight fueang ( เฟื้อง , pronounced [fɯá̯ŋ] ), each of eight at ( อัฐ , pronounced [ʔat̚] ). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand . SWIFT ranked the Thai baht as

784-701: The Royal Guard and was later transferred to a civilian post in the Bureau of the Royal Secretariat. In 1895, Prince Jayanta was given the royal title Prince Mahisara Rajaharudaya, and was promoted to a very high position in the Siamese court. There was a major shuffle of ministerial posts, with eight of the 12 minister positions going to members of the Young Siam. In 1896 the Prince was put in charge of

840-440: The "Asia IP Elite 2016" award for the third consecutive year. The award is given by Intellectual Asset Management (IAM), a leading magazine in strategic management of intellectual property. The Siam Cement Group is sponsor of football , badminton , and golf events in Thailand and Southeast Asia. Thai baht The baht ( / b ɑː t / ; Thai : บาท , pronounced [bàːt] ; sign : ฿ ; code : THB )

896-403: The 1 solot and 1 at in 1874, with copper 4 at introduced in 1876. The last gold coins were struck in 1895. The first issue of coins were commissioned by Rama IV, though it was never brought into circulation. This was one of the first attempt to replace the bullet coins, but few were ever minted without making it into circulation. The first circulating issue of the Siamese coins. This marked

952-523: The 10th-most-frequently used world payment currency as of December 2023. The Thai baht, like the pound , originated from a traditional unit of mass . Its currency value was originally expressed as that of silver of corresponding weight (now defined as 15 grams), and was in use probably as early as the Sukhothai period in the form of bullet coins known in Thai as photduang . These were pieces of solid silver cast to various weights corresponding to

1008-473: The Bank of Thailand announced a new family of banknotes in remembrance of the late King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX). The notes are the same size and dimensions as the "Series 16" banknotes, with the front designs as before, but the back designs featuring images of the king's life in infancy, adolescence and maturity. The new family of banknotes were issued on September 20. In 2018, the Bank of Thailand announced

1064-517: The Currency Act, B.E. 2501. For a time, the baht symbol was appropriated by some as a symbol for Bitcoin , a cryptocurrency . Following representations, a separate code point ( U+20BF ₿ BITCOIN SIGN , a latin letter B with two vertical strokes) was allocated in Unicode version 10.0. In Unicode 1.0, two codepoints were allocated to the baht, one as the currency symbol in

1120-548: The Ministry of Treasury (later Finance Ministry), which had recently absorbed the Ministry of Agriculture. In 1897, when HM King Rama V embarked on a nine-month tour of Europe, Prince Jayanta, as the Minister of Treasury, accompanied him and saw first-hand the government administration of several European states, and the important role banks played in developing the economy and promoting international trade. Upon returning home,

1176-481: The Prince assumed the task of developing international trade relations and bringing Siam's business practices in line with those in Europe. There was certainly a great need for an indigenous bank but the Prince realised that founding a bank would take time and expertise, while at the same time, there would be resistance from the established foreign banking community. The Prince also turned his attention to further reforming

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1232-875: The Royal Thai Mint and the Ministry of Finance issued a new series of general circulation coins, featuring the same standard specifications, but feature a portrait of its current king, Vajiralongkorn . In February 2010 the Treasury Department of Thailand stated that it has been planning a new circulation 20-baht coin. In 1851, the government issued notes for 1 ⁄ 8 , 1 ⁄ 4 , 3 ⁄ 8 , 1 ⁄ 2 and 1 tical, followed by 3, 4, 6 and 10 tamlueng in 1853. After 1857, notes for 20 and 40 ticals were issued, also bearing their values in Straits dollars and Indian rupees . Undated notes were also issued before 1868 for 5, 7, 8, 12 and 15 tamlueng, and 1 chang. One at notes were issued in 1874. In 1892,

1288-523: The Sukhothai era, some coins bore no marks, while others had up to 11. This variation was because, at that time, individuals and merchants could produce their own money. However, from the Ayutthaya period onward, the production of photduang was monopolized by the government, making it easier to identify coins from each era. Ayutthaya photduang typically bore two marks: the dynasty mark, which could be

1344-474: The Thai baht do not employ the at as a subunit, but the at is the current subunit of the Lao kip . This predecimal system was in use up until 1897, when the decimal system devised by Prince Jayanta Mongkol , in which one baht = 100 satang, was introduced by his half-brother King Chulalongkorn along with the demonetization of silver bullet coins on 28 October 1904 after the end of silver bullet coin production by

1400-471: The Thai baht, and the largest in term of size of circulated notes. Series 2 banknotes were produced by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. Series 3 type 1 banknotes were produced by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. This series was actually delayed due to the Siamese revolution to abolish the absolute monarchy and transform it into a constitutional monarchy. The issuance was supposed to happen in

1456-529: The Thai range and one in the CJK Compatibility block as a square version of the Japanese word for "baht", written in katakana script. The CJK codepoint, U+332C ㌬ SQUARE PAATU , is documented in subsequent versions of the standard as "a mistaken, unused representation" and users are directed to U+0E3F ฿ THAI CURRENCY SYMBOL BAHT instead. Consequently, only

1512-472: The awkward pod duang currency into a European-style metric system, involving just two units (1 baht equivalent to 100 satang). The reform made bookkeeping much easier and paved the way for the introduction of Siamese banknotes in 1902. Having succeeded with his currency reforms, Prince Jayanta went on to launch a small Siamese-owned private trust in 1904 called the Book Club. Three years later, this trust

1568-511: The baht being in the middle. In summary, 64 at = 1 baht = 1/80 chang . In reality, this was just a simplification of the old system, which was scrapped. In which, during the period of 1902–1908, Siam went back to the old system. Though in comparison, at is used as the subunit in Laos, compared to the satang in the Thai baht. The second attempt came at the end of Rama V's reign, where it was more widely accepted and put into effective use. In 1897,

1624-567: The baht was pegged to the US dollar at an exchange rate of 20.8 baht = one dollar and at 20 baht = 1 dollar until 1978. A strengthening US economy caused Thailand to re-peg its currency at 25 to the dollar from 1984 until 2 July 1997, when the country was affected by the 1997 Asian financial crisis . The baht was floated and halved in value, reaching its lowest rate of 56 to the dollar in January 1998. It rose to 30 per dollar in January 2021. The baht

1680-464: The birth of King Maha Vajiralongkorn, July 28, 2018. The characteristic of the banknotes of this era was that there were no series issued at the same time, rather they were issued sporadically and had multiple banks producing their own banknotes. Series 1 was chosen due to the series which precedes this were non-decimal. Series 1 banknotes was the first series to be produced by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. In 1900, Charles James Rivett Carnac,

1736-550: The coin section* Rama III (1824–1851) was the first king to consider the use of a flat coin. He did so not for the convenience of traders, but because he was disturbed that the creatures living in the cowrie shells were killed. When he learned of the use of flat copper coins in Singapore in 1835, he contacted a Scottish trader, who had two types of experimental coins struck in England. The king rejected both designs. The name of

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1792-562: The company has expanded into various businesses with three core business units: SCG Cement-building materials; SCG Chemicals; and SCG Packaging. Now, SCG heavily invests their company into Southeast Asia regions including packaging businesses in Malaysia, a petrochemical complex in Vietnam, and many cement plants around the regions. SCG employs approximately 54,000 employees. The products are marketed domestically and exported to all regions of

1848-428: The country put on these first coins was Muang Thai , not Siam . In 1860, modern-style coins were introduced. These were silver 1 sik ; 1 fueang ; 1 and 2 salueng ; 1, 2, and 4 baht; with the baht weighing 15.244 grams and the others weight-related. Tin 1 solot and 1 at followed in 1862, with gold 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 4, and 8 baht introduced in 1863 and copper 2 and 4 at in 1865. Copper replaced tin in

1904-466: The date. These include the tin 1942 1 satang and the 1950 5 and 10 satang, struck until 1973, the tin 1946 25 satang struck until 1964, the tin 50 satang struck until 1957, and the aluminium bronze 1957 5, 10, 25, and 50 satang struck until the 1970s. Cupronickel 1-baht coins were introduced in 1962 and struck without date change until 1982. In 1972, cupronickel 5-baht coins were introduced, switching to cupronickel-clad copper in 1977. Between 1986 and 1988,

1960-535: The denomination in both Arabic and Thai numerals without English text; English speakers continued to refer to these as "ticals". On 27 July 2010, the Bank of Thailand announced that the 16th-series banknotes would enter circulation in December 2010. On 9 August 2012, the Bank of Thailand issued a new denomination banknote, 80 baht, to commemorate queen Sirikit's 80th birthday. It was the first Thai banknote that featured Crane's MOTION security thread. In 2017,

2016-534: The early 1930s. Series 3 type 2 banknotes were produced by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. It was the first series to hold King Rama VIII 's portrait, which replaced King Rama VII 's portrait in the type 1. Series 4 type 1 banknotes were produced by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. Series 4 type 2 banknotes were produced by Royal Thai Survey Department and the Naval Hydrographic Department. During World War II , Thailand

2072-524: The elliptical nick, whereas the Rattanakosin coins reintroduced this feature, similar to the Ayutthaya coins. Photduang from these later periods typically featured two stamped marks: the dynasty mark on top and the king's personal mark on the front part. The dynasty mark often symbolized the kingdom's ruling dynasty, while the king's personal mark represented the reigning monarch. The markings on photduang coins varied across different periods. During

2128-484: The first coins denominated in satang were introduced, cupronickel 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 5, 10, and 20 satang. However, 1 solot , 1, and 2 at coins were struck until 1905 and 1 fueang coins were struck until 1910. In 1908, holed 1, 5, and 10 satang coins were introduced, with the 1 satang in bronze and the 5 and 10 satang in nickel. The 1 and 2 salueng were replaced by 25 and 50 satang coins in 1915. In 1937, holed, bronze 1 ⁄ 2 satang were issued. In 1941,

2184-625: The image on the obverse to a more recent portrait of the king. The two-baht coin, confusingly similar in color and size to the one-baht coin, was changed from nickel-clad low-carbon steel to aluminium bronze. New two-baht coin was the first of the new series released on 3 February 2009, followed by the satang coins in April, a five-baht coin in May, a ten-baht coin in June, and a one-baht coin in July 2009. In 2018,

2240-417: The legs also reduced in size and were eventually replaced by a small elliptical nick, known as "Met Kao San," on one side of the coin. The Thonburi period (1767–1782) and the Rattanakosin period, beginning in 1782, adopted the photduang design from the late Ayutthaya period. The coins from these periods had no central hole, and the legs were even shorter. A key difference was that Thonburi photduang lacked

2296-904: The notation can write like such: 方銭參圓壹 for one baht, three salueng, and one fueang. Cowrie shells from the Mekong River had been used as currency for small amounts since the Sukhothai period. Before 1860, Thailand did not produce coins using modern methods. Instead, a so-called "bullet" coinage was used, consisting of bars of metal, thicker in the middle, bent round to form a complete circle on which identifying marks were stamped. Denominations issued included 1 ⁄ 128 , 1 ⁄ 64 , 1 ⁄ 32 , 1 ⁄ 16 , 1 ⁄ 8 , 1 ⁄ 2 , 1, 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 2, 2 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 4, 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 8, 10, 20, 40 and 80 baht in silver and 1 ⁄ 32 , 1 ⁄ 16 , 1 ⁄ 8 , 1 ⁄ 2 , 1, 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 , 2 and 4 baht in gold. One gold baht

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2352-402: The opening of Sitthikarn Royal Mint in 1857. However, coins denominated in the old units were issued until 1910, and the amount of 25 satang is still commonly referred to as a salueng , as is the 25-satang coin. Until 27 November 1902, the baht was fixed on a purely silver basis, with 15 grams of silver to the baht. This caused the value of the currency to vary relative to currencies on

2408-407: The silver price fell. Beginning at 21.75 baht per pound sterling , the currency rose in value until, in 1908, a fixed peg to the British pound sterling was established of 13 baht per pound. This was revised to 12 baht in 1919 and then, after a period of instability, to 11 baht in 1923. During World War II , the baht was fixed at a value of one Japanese yen on 22 April 1942. From 1956 until 1973,

2464-457: The start of the move away from using photduang currency. Though in this era, the photduang were still legal tender. In this series, the lower denominations were made of silver, and the higher ones were made of gold. These higher denominations were given nicknames: pot dueng , pit , and tot . Pot dueng means thirty two, as in 1/32 of a chang . The other nickname was the chinkang or one Chinese tamlueng . The pit means twenty, as in 1/20 of

2520-533: The treasury issued notes for 1, 5, 10, 40, 80, 100, 400 and 800 ticals, called "baht" in the Thai text. On 10 September 1902, the government introduced notes which were printed by Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited, England , during the reigns of Kings Rama V and Rama VI , denominated 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1000 ticals, still called baht in the Thai text — each denomination having many types, with 1 and 50 tical notes following in 1918. In 1925, notes were issued in denominations of 1, 5, 10, 20, 100 and 1,000 baht with

2576-934: The world. Cementhai Holding Co., Ltd. oversees SCG's investment in various businesses. Most are joint ventures with international companies, for example, Kubota, Yamato Kogyo, Aisin Takaoka Group, Nippon Steel, Toyota Motor, Michelin, Hayes Lemmerz, Siam Mitsui, and Dow Chemical company. SCG emphasizes research and development. In 2016, R&D spending was one percent of sales and value-added products contributed more than 35 percent of sales. In 2017, HVA products accounted for nearly 40 percent of sales. Siam Research and Innovation Company Limited conducts research and development of new products and services related to cement, mortar, concrete, building materials, 3D printing, prefabrication, recycled aggregate, and refractory. In 2014, SCG Chemicals acquired 51 percent of Norner for developing plastic and polymer technology. In 2017, SCG received

2632-549: Was a minor-issue, where the lesser denominations' designs were updated to incorporate the three-parted shield into the design. The decimalization of the Thai baht came about at the end of the 19th century. The minister of treasury, Jayanta Mongkol, the Prince Mahisara Rajaharudaya , suggested to King Rama V, that decimalization would make counting easier and further modernize Siam. Initially, there would be one superunit, chang , and one subunit, at . with

2688-571: Was a son of King Mongkut , Rama IV, and his Royal Consort Huang. He was 13 years younger than his brother, Chulalongkorn , who would become Rama V. The prince was a leading member of the progressive clique known as the "Young Siam", on whom King Chulalongkorn relied for support in his efforts to reform the country. At the king's insistence, the younger members of his family and extended family were all educated in Western ways, sometimes attending schools abroad. Prince Jayanta began his public career with

2744-466: Was allied with the Empire of Japan . This meant that the government of Thailand could not order banknotes from Thomas De La Rue & Company Limited. Jayanta Mongkol Jayanta Mongkol, the Prince Mahisara Rajaharudaya ( Thai : พระองค์เจ้าไชยันตมงคล กรมหมื่นมหิศรราชหฤทัย ; RTGS :  Phra-ongchao Chaiyantamongkhon Krommamuen Mahisonratchaharuethai ; 30 January 1866 – 15 April 1907)

2800-401: Was generally worth 16 silver baht. Between 1858 and 1860, foreign trade coins were also stamped by the government for use in Thailand. Photduang , a form of currency used during the Sukhothai period, was characterized by its longer legs, which created a larger and wider hole in the middle. These coins were primarily made of silver and featured a cut across the front of each leg. This cut served

2856-447: Was in use from 1851–1908 officially on banknotes and coins to represent salueng. 方 ; fāng ( เฟื้อง ): This character was in use from 1851–1908 officially on banknotes and coins to represent fueang. The notation for these chinese character are written like they are in Thai, though there is a caveat: it is written right to left, as was the convention back then, so one baht is written 圓壹 or 銖壹 , if there are smaller units involved

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2912-539: Was originally known to foreigners by the term tical , which was used in English language text on banknotes until the series 2 1925. The currency symbol for the baht is ฿ (a latin letter B with a vertical stroke). In 1986, this symbol was given a codepoint for computer use in the Thai Industrial Standard 620-2533 (Thailand's extension of ASCII ), at position 0xDF. This national standard

2968-429: Was strangely only used for the 1 fueang denomination. The new shield emblem was introduced in this issue. This shield was separated into three section. Drawing from western influences, symbols within these sections represented territories Siam was controlling. The tree-headed elephant represented Siamese territory , the bottom-left elephant represented Lan Xang , and the warangka represented Siamese Malaya. This

3024-580: Was subsequently subsumed into international standards as ISO/IEC 8859-11 ("ISO Latin-Thai"). In turn, the ISO 8859 series were transposed into the Unicode standard, where the symbol was allocated the codepoint U+0E3F ฿ THAI CURRENCY SYMBOL BAHT . The symbol is also used for the Panamanian balboa . In Thai usage, the baht ( บาท ) is legally abbreviated as บ. according to Section 7 of

3080-463: Was the foundation for Siam's first commercial bank, Siam Commercial Bank , Limited, which was launched under a royal charter on the Prince's birthday, 30 January, in 1907. Because of his achievements, he is widely acknowledged as the 'Father of Thai Banking'. Chakri dynasty Kings Viceroys Deputy Viceroy Crown Prince Hereditary Prince Royalty Siamese Foreigners Key events This Thai biographical article

3136-539: Was use during the times of Rama IV to represent baht, though this was phased out by another character which is in partially and informally used today. The only occurrence of this character was in Rama IV's banknote series. 銖 ; 铢 ; zhū ( บาท ): This character was in use from 1868–1925 officially on banknotes to represent baht. It is still in use today unofficially to refer to the Thai baht in general, as in 泰銖 or 泰铢 . 錢 ; 銭 ; qián ( สลึง ): This character

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