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57-619: Sinara may refer to: Sinara Group , a Russian investment company Sinara Transport Machines , a Russian vehicle manufacturing and engineering company Sinara (Marvel Cinematic Universe) , a character in Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D. Sinara River, a tributary of the Iset River in Russia See also [ edit ] Senara (disambiguation) Cynara (disambiguation) Synara San,

114-509: A municipal division , the City of Sochi is incorporated as Sochi Urban Okrug . Sochi is administratively subdivided into four city districts: Tsentralny City District , Lazarevsky City District , Khostinsky City District , and Adlersky City District . Tsentralny City District, comprising the central portion of, is by far the smallest out of four in terms of the area, and the other three have comparable areas, with Lazarevsky City District being

171-496: A railway which runs from Tuapse to Georgia within a kilometer or two of the coastline. Although this branch of the Northern Caucasus Railway may appear somewhat incongruous in the setting of beaches and sanatoriums, it is still operational and vital to the region's transportation infrastructure. Sochi was established as a fashionable resort area under Joseph Stalin , who had his favorite dacha built in

228-1014: A 600ha residential, commercial and industrial development near Yekaterinburg, the ОАО "Архыз-Синара" in Karachay–Cherkessia , the ОАО "Центральный стадион" (Central Stadium company) in Yekaterinburg; a sports arena development, and ЗАО "Интурист-Синара" (Intourist-Sinara); a joint venture with Intourist headquartered in Moscow . The financial services division includes the ООО "СИНАРА-ИНВЕСТ" (Sinara invest) and ОАО "СКБ-банк" (SKB-Bank), both in Yekaterinburg. In September 2021, Sinara Financial Corporation (an integral part of Sinara Group) bought Think Wealth Ltd, an investment company registered in Cyprus, already renamed in Sinara Financial Corporation (Europe), which

285-504: A character in the animated television series Star Wars Resistance Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sinara . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sinara&oldid=1212372989 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

342-621: A joint venture for the production of twin unit electric locomotive to be based at Sinara's Ural Locomotives near Yekaterinburg. In December 2021, the JV announced production of concept of Lastochka electric train with 200 mm low float in 2025. The group division ОАО "Синара – Транспортные машины" (Open joint stock company 'Sinara - transport machines') (STM) is based in Yekaterinburg and comprises ОАО "Уральский завод железнодорожного" (JSC Ural locomotive factory) in Verkhnyaya Pyshma ,

399-620: A major part of the Circassians who lived on the territory of modern Sochi, were either killed or expelled to the Ottoman Empire in the Circassian Genocide . According to Russian sources, Sochi's population fell from roughly 100,000, to 98. Starting in 1866 the coast was actively colonized by Russians, Armenians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Greeks, Germans, Georgians and other people from inner Russia. In 1874–1891,

456-508: A mixed group of goods, 178 pharmacies, 16 car dealerships, 20 stores at gas stations, 945 pavilions and kiosks have been opened. The provision of the population with retail space is 1,106.7 m (11,912 sq ft) per 1000 people. According to 2017 data, the annual trade turnover per capita in Sochi was 1.75 times higher than the average in Russia (373,527 rubles per year per person). At

513-615: A sea resort. The first resort, "Kavkazskaya Riviera", opened on June 14, 1909 ( O.S. ). Sochi was granted town status in 1917. During the Russian Civil War , the littoral area saw sporadic armed clashes involving the Red Army , White movement forces, and the Democratic Republic of Georgia . As a result of the war Sochi has become Russian territory. In 1923, Sochi acquired one of its most distinctive features,

570-531: A successful bid for hosting the 2014 Winter Olympics in the city, spending around $ 51 billion in the process. In 2019, an area in the Imereti Lowlands was divided from Adlersky City District and formed as a separate urban-type settlement named Sirius . It was later designated as a federal territory . Greater Sochi is elongated along the Black Sea coast for 145 kilometers (90 mi). Sochi

627-459: Is approximately 1,603 kilometers (996 mi) from Moscow . The city of Sochi borders with Tuapsinsky District in the northwest, with Apsheronsky District and with Maykopsky District of the Republic of Adygea in the north, with Mostovsky District in the northeast, and with Georgia / Abkhazia in the southeast. From the southwest, it is bordered by the Black Sea. The vast majority of

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684-435: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sinara Group The company was founded in 2001, and in 2004 acquired industrial and agricultural companies. In 2006 the group merged with Metallprom . The company division Sinara Transport Machines was formed in 2007, and the division Sinara Development was formed in 2009. In 2009 Sinara Group and Siemens created

741-499: Is focused on consulting, broker services, trust management, high-frequency trading and others. The group has holdings in the agricultural business area via ОАО "Каменское" , hotels and tourism via ОАО "Пансионат отдыха Бургас" based in Sochi , and energy business via ЗАО "Синэрго" in Yekaterinburg. In December 2021, Gazprombank confirmed selling of 99,9% of "Kriogaz" LLC, business operator of technical gases, to "Sinara Group" in

798-401: Is one of the most popular tourism centres, as well as a prominent financial centre in Russia. Investments in the city's economy over the past 10 years have amounted to more than 1.1 trillion rubles. The turnover of medium and large enterprises in Sochi in 2017 amounted to more than 191.3 billion rubles. The increase in turnover in comparison with the previous year is 12%. In 2010, Sochi headed

855-400: Is traversed by many rivulets which give their names to the microdistricts of Matsesta ("flame-colored river"), Kudepsta, and Khosta ("the river of boars"). Adlersky City District , with an area of 1,352 square kilometers (522 sq mi) and a population of 76,534 people as of the 2010 Census, is the southernmost district of the city, located just north of the border with Abkhazia. Until

912-790: The Circassians did not accept the Russian control over Circassia and kept resisting the newly established Russian outposts along the Circassian coast ( Adyghe : Адыгэ хы Iушъо ). Provision of weapons and ammunition from abroad to the Circassians caused a diplomatic conflict between the Russian Empire and the British Empire that occurred in 1836 over the mission of the Vixen . The Russians had no detailed knowledge of

969-534: The Loo Microdistrict . Between the 13th and 15th centuries , the Republic of Genoa had the monopoly of the trade on the shores of the Black Sea, and established colonies and trading posts in the region of the present-day Sochi, the large ones were Layso and Costa . From the 14th to the 19th centuries, the region was dominated by the Abkhaz , Ubykh and Adyghe tribes, the current location of

1026-583: The ОАО "Людиновский тепловозостроительный завод" (Lyudinovsky locomotive factory) in Lyudinovo , the ООО "Уральский дизель-моторный завод" (Ural diesel engine factory Ltd.) and the ООО "Центр инновационного развития СТМ" (STM research centre) in Yekaterinburg. The group division "Синара – Девелопмент" (Sinara - development) includes ООО "фирма КОМ-БИЛДИНГ" (COM-Building company) based in Volgograd , КОТ Новокольцовский (Novokoltsovsky development);

1083-887: The "Rating of Russian cities by quality of life" of the Urbanika Institute, and in 2014 and 2015 it ranked as 4th and 5th city respectively; experts noted the high rate of development of the city, large-scale investments on the eve of the 2014 Winter Olympics , favorable environmental conditions and high safety of residents. In 2012, Sochi topped the rating of "30 best cities for business" in Russia, by Forbes . Today, 705 classified accommodation facilities operate on its territory, including: 66 sanatoriums, 20 boarding houses and recreation centers and 618 hotels. 183 beach areas have been opened, more than 100 tourist facilities operate, about 70 excursion companies operate. Over 5.2 million tourists visited Sochi in 2016, 5.9% more than in 2015. The average annual occupancy rate of hotels

1140-441: The 17th century. In the nineteenth century, Islam spread to the region. Currently, Sochi is a large predominantly Christian city, though there are thought to be around 20,000 Muslims (5% of inhabitants) living there now (the majority are Adyghe ) plus other Eastern Caucasians , Turks, Tatars , and other smaller Muslim groups. A mosque was built in 2008 by United Arab Emirates in the central area of Bytkha, in addition to

1197-410: The 2010 Census showed the population of 63,894 people. It is the largest city district by area, covering some 1,744 square kilometers (673 sq mi) and comprising several microdistricts : Khostinsky City District , sprawling to the southeast from the city center, occupies approximately 374 square kilometers (144 sq mi), with a population of 65,229 as of the 2010 Census. The district

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1254-873: The Black Sea and are cut by the rivers. The biggest rivers in Sochi are the Mzymta and the Shakhe . Other rivers include the Ashe, the Psezuapse, the Sochi , the Khosta, and the Matsesta . The Psou River makes the border with Abkhazia. The northeastern part of the city belongs to the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve which is a World Heritage Site spanning areas in Krasnodar Krai and Adygea. Almost

1311-599: The Black Sea. Sochi hosted the XXII Olympic Winter Games and XI Paralympic Winter Games in 2014. It hosted the alpine and Nordic Olympic events at the nearby ski resort of Rosa Khutor in Krasnaya Polyana . It also hosted the Formula 1 Russian Grand Prix from 2014 until 2021. It was also one of the host cities for the 2018 FIFA World Cup . The general consensus (also recognized by

1368-721: The Soviet Union. Following Russia's loss of the traditionally popular resorts of the Crimean Peninsula ( transferred from the Russian SFSR to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954 by Nikita Khrushchev ), Sochi emerged as the unofficial summer capital of the country. In 1961, Soviet officials decided to expand the city limits by forming a Greater Sochi which extended for 140 kilometers from the southern parts of Tuapse to Adler . In July 2005, Russia submitted

1425-465: The area until Baron Feodor Tornau investigated the coastal route from Gelendzhik to Gagra , and across the mountains to Kabarda , in the 1830s. In 1838, the fort of Alexandria, renamed Navaginsky a year later, was founded at the mouth of the Sochi River as part of the Black Sea coastal line, a chain of seventeen fortifications set up to protect the area from recurring Circassian resistance. At

1482-411: The biggest. In terms of the population, Tsentralny City District is approximately twice as big as each of the other three city districts. Tsentralny City District , or central Sochi, covers an area of 32 square kilometers (12 sq mi) and, as of the 2010 Census , has a population of 137,677. The highlights include: Lazarevsky City District lies to the northwest from the city center;

1539-412: The city amounted to 19.4 billion rubles. The distribution of energy, gas and water accounted for 11.9 billion rubles, the largest enterprises in the industry are: Adler TPP and Sochinskaya TPP. Processing industries accounted for 3.3 billion rubles. The volume of shipment of minerals amounted to 76 million rubles, the largest enterprise in the industry is Firma Sochinerud. In the manufacturing industry,

1596-441: The city in 2016 for medium and large enterprises amounted to 7 billion rubles (about 36% of the total turnover). 1450 public catering establishments were opened in Sochi, with a total of 90473 seats. The market of paid services to the population in 2016 amounted to 34.3 million rubles; the industry employs 3393 people, with a total of 1083 enterprises. The volume of goods shipped in 2016 for medium and large industrial enterprises of

1653-631: The city of Sochi (Ş̂açə) known as Ubykhia was part of historical Circassia , and was controlled by the native people of the local mountaineer clans of the north-west Caucasus, nominally under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire , which was their principal trading partner in the Islamic world. The coastline was occupied by Russia in 1829 as a result of the Russo-Circassian War and the Russo-Turkish War , 1828–1829; however,

1710-548: The city's own website ) is that the name "Sochi" ( Russian : Сочи ) is the Russified form of the Circassian "Ş̂açə" ( Adyghe : Шъачэ ) which in turn is of Ubykh-Circassian origin, coming from the Ubykh name "Ş̂uaça" ( Ubykh : Шъуача ). It is a compound made up from the two Ubykh words "шъуа" (sea) and "ча" (side) and roughly translates to "Seaside/coast". There are other claims and theories, according to Georgian sources,

1767-409: The city. Sochi also has the region's most northerly tea plantations . Sochi has a humid subtropical climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfa ), at the lower elevations. Its average annual temperature is 18.9 °C (66.0 °F) during the day and 11.5 °C (52.7 °F) at night. In the coldest months—January and February—the average temperature is about 10 °C (50 °F) during

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1824-411: The city. Stalin's study, complete with a wax statue of the leader, is now open to the public. During Stalin's reign the coast became dotted with imposing Neoclassical buildings, exemplified by the opulent Rodina and Ordzhonikidze sanatoriums. The centerpiece of this early period is Shchusev 's Constructivist Institute of Rheumatology (1927–1931). The area was continuously developed until the demise of

1881-468: The country. The retail trade turnover for medium and large enterprises (accounting for about 30% of the total turnover) in the city in 2016 amounted to 57.2 billion rubles. On the territory of the city there are 8,769 objects of the consumer sphere, of which: 5013 are stationary retail enterprises, 1450 are catering enterprises, 335 are wholesale enterprises, and 1083 are service enterprises. In Sochi, 1807 grocery stores, 2,708 non-food stores, 294 stores of

1938-473: The day and 16 °C (61 °F) at night) in the period from May to October. Sochi is unique among larger Russian cities as having some aspects of a subtropical resort. About two million people visited Greater Sochi each summer as of 2014, when the city is home to the annual film festival " Kinotavr " and a getaway for Russia's elite. A UNESCO World Heritage Site , the 2,957 square kilometers (731,000 acres) Caucasus Nature Reserve , lies just north from

1995-409: The day and 4 °C (39 °F) at night. Average annual precipitation is about 1,700 millimeters (67 in). Sochi lies at 8b/9a hardiness zone , so the city supports different types of palm trees. Sochi is situated on the same latitude as Nice but strong cold winds from the south make winters less warm. In fact, temperatures drop below freezing every winter. The highest temperature recorded

2052-401: The day, above 3 °C (37 °F) at night and the average sea temperature is about 9 °C (48 °F). In the warmest months—July and August—the temperature typically ranges from 25 to 29 °C (77 to 84 °F) during the day, about 20 °C (68 °F) at night and the average sea temperature is about 23–27 °C (73–81 °F). Yearly sunshine hours are around 2,200. Generally,

2109-468: The economist-geographer Natalia Zubarevich , Sochi, being a "recreational capital", along with the largest industrial centers, acts as a "motor" of development that determines the prospects and directions of the country's development. The economy of Sochi is based on trade, construction, resort and tourism. Its structure for 2015: retail trade (59%), construction (15%), resorts and tourism (11%), industry (10.6%), transport (3.5%) and agriculture (0.9%). Sochi

2166-557: The establishment of Greater Sochi in 1961, it was administered as a separate town, which had its origin in an ancient Sadz village and a medieval Genoese trading post. Among the natural wonders of the district is the Akhshtyr Gorge with a 160-meter-long cave that contains traces of human habitation. The upland part of the district includes a network of remote mountain villages ( auls ), the Estonian colony at Estosadok , and

2223-606: The first Russian Orthodox church , St. Michael's Church , was constructed, and the Dakhovsky settlement was renamed Dakhovsky Posad on April 13, 1874 ( O.S. ). In February 1890, the Sochi Lighthouse was constructed. In 1896, the Dakhovsky Posad was renamed Sochi Posad (after the name of local river) and incorporated into the newly formed Black Sea Governorate . In 1900–1910, Sochi burgeoned into

2280-602: The first quarter of 2022 within ESG strategy of the buyer. The deal was closed in February 2022. By the end of 2022, the revenue of the Sinara group increased to 8.36 billion rubles (in 2021 — 2.85 billion rubles). Net profit amounted to 9.65 billion rubles (an increase of 132% compared to last year). Revenues from participation in other organizations increased to 10.9 billion rubles (in 2021 — 1.3 billion rubles). The cost of sales of

2337-523: The group amounted to 3.49 billion rubles (1.65 billion rubles in 2021). Sochi Sochi (Russian: Сочи , IPA: [ˈsotɕɪ] , from Ubykh : Шъуача  – seaside ) is the largest resort city in Russia. The city is situated on the Sochi River , along the Black Sea in Southern Russia , with a population of 466,078 residents, and up to 600,000 residents in

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2394-659: The late 19th century. The rest are Armenians from Georgia (particularly from Abkhazia and Samtskhe-Javakheti ) and Armenia (especially from Shirak Province due to the 1988 earthquake ). The Byzantine Empire brought Christianity to the Sochi region in the Middle Ages . The region was relatively isolated before 1829. In the North, a few hundred Sunni Muslim Shapsugs , a part of the Circassian nation, lived around Tkhagapsh, near Lazarevskoye . The Circassians (also known as Adyghe) converted to Islam from Christianity in

2451-478: The later was unified under the single Georgian monarchy in 11th-century, forming one of the Saeristavo , known as Tskhumi extending its possessions up to Nicopsis . The Christian settlements along the coast were destroyed by the invading Alans , Khazars , Mongols and other nomadic empires whose control of the region was slight. The northern wall of an 11th-century Byzantine basilica still stands in

2508-537: The manifesto of Emperor Alexander II , read aloud by Grand Duke Michael Nikolaevich of Russia . The city was the administrative capital of the Sochinsky Okrug . By the end of Russo-Circassian War , the Russian Empire aimed to systematically destroy the native Circassian people in the region and several atrocities were committed by the Russian forces. As a result, almost all Ubykhs and

2565-554: The old mosque being around 40 km (25 miles) north of the city center in the Adyghe aul of Tkhagapsh. There are around thirty Russian Orthodox churches, the largest being St. Michael's, and two monasteries, plus two Catholic churches, one in the center of Sochi and the other in Lazarevskoye. The Armenian community gathers in about ten churches. Sochi is an economic centre of Krasnodar Krai and Russia. According to

2622-742: The outbreak of the Crimean War , the garrison was evacuated from Navaginsky to prevent its capture by the Turks, who effected a landing on Cape Adler soon after. The last battle of the Russo-Circassian War , the Battle of Qbaada , took place in 1864, and the Dakhovsky fort was established on the site of the Navaginsky fort. The end of the Caucasian War was proclaimed at Qbaada tract (modern Krasnaya Polyana ) on June 2 (21 May O.S. ), 1864, by

2679-537: The overwhelming share of food production enterprises, which account for 92.3% of the production volume. Large enterprises: Sochi meat-packing plant, Trout-breeding farm, Primorskaya quail farm, Sochi bakery and Lazarevsky bakery. The volume of shipped agricultural products in 2016 amounted to 49.8 million rubles. Vegetables, citrus fruits, fruits (including heat-loving crops such as feijoa, medlar, kiwi) and flowers are cultivated by large agricultural enterprises: Verlioka, Voskhod and Pobeda. The only producer of poultry meat

2736-474: The population of Sochi lives in a narrow strip along the coast and is organized in independent microdistricts (formerly settlements). The biggest of these microdistricts, from the northwest to the southeast, are Lazarevskoye , Loo , Dagomys , central Sochi ( Tsentralny City District ), Khosta , Matsesta , and Adler . The whole city is located on the slopes of the Western Caucasus which descend to

2793-445: The same time, it exceeds the annual trade turnover per capita in all cities with a population of over one million, including Saint Petersburg and Moscow. A high trade turnover is ensured by both a large flow of tourists and a high average wage in the city. The annual retail turnover generated by permanent residents is about 96.2 billion rubles (52%). Tourists generate about 87.83 billion rubles (48%). The turnover of public catering in

2850-634: The ski resort of Krasnaya Polyana which hosted the events (Alpine and Nordic) of the 2014 Winter Olympics . Also located here is a trout fishery and a breeding nursery for great apes . Sochi has an ethnic Russian majority (~70%). The city is home to a sizable Armenian minority (~20%), which is especially notable in the Adlersky City District where they compose more than half of the total population. Most of Sochi's Armenian community are descendants of Hamshen Armenians from Turkey's northeastern Black Sea coast, who began arriving in

2907-418: The summer season lasts three months, from June to September. Two months—April and November—are transitional; sometimes temperatures reach 20 °C (68 °F), with an average temperature of around 16 °C (61 °F) during the day and 9 °C (48 °F) at night. December, January, February and March are the coldest months, with average temperature (of these four months) 11 °C (52 °F) during

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2964-671: The urban area. The city covers an area of 176.77 square kilometers (68.25 sq mi), while the Greater Sochi Area covers over 3,502 square kilometers (1,352 sq mi). Sochi stretches across 145 kilometers (90 mi), and is the longest city in Europe, the fifth-largest city in the Southern Federal District , the second-largest city in Krasnodar Krai , and the sixth-largest city on

3021-559: The whole area of the Greater Sochi, with the exception of the coast and of the area which belong to the Caucasian Biosphere Reserve, are included into Sochi National Park . Sochi has a humid subtropical climate with mild winters (average 11 °C (52 °F) during the day and 4 °C (39 °F) at night) in the period from December to March and warm summers (average 24 °C (75 °F) during

3078-687: The whole area was conquered by Cimmerian , Scythian and Sarmatian invaders, the Zygii (Proto- Adyghe ) people lived in Lesser Abkhazia under the Kingdom of Pontus , then the Roman Empire 's influence in antiquity . From the 6th to the 11th centuries, the area successively belonged to the Georgian kingdoms of Lazica and Abkhazia , who built a dozen churches within the city boundaries,

3135-1110: The word comes from the Georgian word for the fir tree, "soch'i" ( Georgian : სოჭი ). Colchis 13th century BC–63 AD [REDACTED] Achaemenid Empire 511 BC–330 BC Kingdom of Pontus 111 BC–62 BC [REDACTED] Roman Empire 62 BC–337 AD Kingdom of Lazica 337–697 [REDACTED] Byzantine Empire 697–786 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Abkhazia 778–1008 [REDACTED] Kingdom of Georgia 1008–1490 [REDACTED] Mongol Empire 1242–1259 [REDACTED] Principality of Abkhazia 1491–1829 [REDACTED] Ottoman Empire 1578–1829 [REDACTED] Circassia 1829–1864 [REDACTED]   Russian Empire 1864–1917 [REDACTED] Russian Republic 1917–1918 [REDACTED] Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 1918 [REDACTED] Georgian Democratic Republic 1918–1919 [REDACTED] South Russia 1919–1920 [REDACTED] Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 1920–1991 [REDACTED] Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 1922–1991 [REDACTED] Russian Federation 1991–present Before

3192-466: Was 39.4 °C (102.9 °F), on July 30, 2000, and the lowest temperature recorded was −13.4 °C (7.9 °F) on January 25, 1892. Within the framework of administrative divisions , it is, together with one urban-type settlement ( Krasnaya Polyana ) and seventy-nine rural localities , incorporated as the City of Sochi —an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts . As

3249-418: Was at 77%, but varies by season. The importance of tourism for the development of Sochi is also determined by the financial revenues from the industry. According to statistics, in 2015, tourism revenues amounted to about 30 billion rubles. At the same time, throughout the country, revenues from the industry amounted to 161 billion rubles; thus, the tourist industry of the city occupies 18.6% of the total market of

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