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45-607: The Singapore Strait is a 113 km-long (70 mi), 19 km-wide (12 mi) strait between the Strait of Malacca in the west and the South China Sea in the east. Singapore is on the north of the channel , and the Indonesian Riau Islands are on the south. The two countries share a maritime border along the strait. It includes Keppel Harbour and many small islands. The strait provides
90-697: A black market . Strait A strait is a water body connecting two seas or two water basins. While the landform generally constricts the flow, the surface water still flows, for the most part, at the same elevation on both sides and through the strait in both directions. In some straits there may be a dominant directional current through the strait. Most commonly, it is a narrowing channel that lies between two land masses . Some straits are not navigable, for example because they are either too narrow or too shallow, or because of an unnavigable reef or archipelago . Straits are also known to be loci for sediment accumulation. Usually, sand-size deposits occur on both
135-399: A tropical rainforest climate (Af) with heavy rainfall year-round. The Batam city government takes care of all population administration and civil registration as well as human resources. The current mayor is Muhammad Rudi who has served since 2016, accompanied by Amsakar Ahmad as deputy mayor. The Agency for Free Trade Zone and Free Port of Batam, often abbreviated as BP Batam, is
180-481: A capacity of eight million passengers. The airport has 4 paired jetbridges and 2 single jetbridges . Hang Nadim International Airport is a hub for Lion Air , Batik Air and Citilink . BP Batam, which operates Hang Nadim International Airport , will build a new terminal with a capacity of eight million passengers per year for each terminal (16 million passengers per year in total for two terminals) in late 2016. BP Batam intends to build eight paired jetbridges in
225-576: A ferry, 'Sea Prince', hit floating object(s) while en route to Singapore from Batam and began leaking. A total of 97 passengers were rescued on life rafts. Signs showing a picture of a raised finger over a pair of lips have been placed in August 2014 at the Batam Centre International Ferry Terminal to request silence while queuing for immigration to hear names being called and clearly hear instructions given by
270-452: A framework signed in June 2006, Batam, along with parts of neighbouring Bintan and Karimun , are a part of a Special Economic Zone with Singapore ; this zone eliminates tariffs and value-added taxes for goods shipped between Batam and Singapore . In 2007, Law No. 44 was enacted to supplement Law No. 36/2000 in establishing Batam as a free trade zone for 70 years. BP Batam still manages
315-589: A government nonstructural body under the Chairmanship of the Board of Regions (DK) Batam Central Government, which is chaired by a Coordinating Minister for Economic Affairs . BP Batam plays a role in land governance and investment in the Special Economic Zone (SEZ) of Batam. Batam city is divided into twelve districts ( kecamatan ) – which include several adjacent islands such as Bulang to
360-602: A group of Singaporeans were forcibly evicted after their 30-year property leases expired in Sekupang. Ferries connect Batam to Singapore , Bintan , and Johor Bahru ( Malaysia ). Five ferry terminals are on the island : Batam Harbour Bay Ferry Terminal , Nongsapura Ferry Terminal, Sekupang, Waterfront City and Batam Center Ferry Terminal . Connections to Singapore are by way of Harbourfront and Tanah Merah Ferry Terminals run by Singapore Cruise Centre (SCC). The most recent incident happened on 29 November 2015 when
405-464: A heterogeneous mixture of people due to labor migration and desire to be close to Singapore ; it is very diverse, two-thirds of the population are migrants. The predominant ethnicities are Malays , Javanese , Batak , Minangkabau and Chinese . As a municipality it exemplifies the national motto of " Bhinneka Tunggal Ika " (Unity in Diversity). The location of Batam, which is close to Singapore ,
450-695: A minority of Chinese Indonesians and internal migrant Indian Indonesians from Medan, North Sumatra . The majority of the Chinese population practises Buddhism . A number of Viharas are located in Batam, of which Vihara Duta Maitreya is one of the most frequented, and is the largest Vihara in Southeast Asia with an area of 4.5 hectares. In addition, Hinduism in practiced by a quarter of its small ethnic Indian Indonesian minority as well as by its Balinese emigrant minority ethnic populace who migrated from
495-551: A municipal population of 1,196,396, making it the third largest city in the region of Sumatra , after Medan and Palembang . It is the closest part of Indonesia to Singapore , at a minimum distance of 5.8 km across the Singapore Strait . Batam was the fastest-growing municipality in Indonesia during the decade prior to 2010, with a population growth rate of 11% per year; however, there were setbacks during
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#1732766118238540-420: Is Rp2,000 for students and Rp4,000 for the public. Trans Batam operates from 05:30 to 19:00. Trans Batam serves eight corridors of route: Taxis in Batam are available almost anywhere at ferry terminals, the airport , shopping malls , hotels , etc. More than 3000 taxis are in Batam. In the early 2000s, Batam commonly had Toyota Corolla taxis. Starting in late 2013, more than 95% of taxis are brand new using
585-540: Is an important symbol of Islamic religious life in Batam. Christianity is also widely embraced by the people of Batam, especially those from the Batak and Nias people of North Sumatra (Protestantism) and migrants from Flores island in Nusa Tenggara Timur province, East Indonesia (Roman Catholicism) as well as Javanese Catholics from Yogyakarta and Central Java who emigrated to this province along with
630-424: Is conducive to the development of economic , sociopolitical , and cultural aspects of the local community . Islam is the majority religion in Batam, followed by Christianity , Buddhism and Hinduism . Most of those who follow Islam are Javanese , Malays and Minangkabaus . The Great Mosque of Batam, located in the city center adjacent to the main square, the mayor's office and the provincial Parliament,
675-401: Is typically reserved for much larger, wider features of the marine environment. There are exceptions, with straits being called canals; Pearse Canal , for example. Straits are the converse of isthmuses . That is, while a strait lies between two land masses and connects two large areas of ocean, an isthmus lies between two areas of ocean and connects two large land masses. Some straits have
720-715: The City of Batam ( Indonesian : Kota Batam , not to be confused with Batam Kota , a district within this city), is the largest city in the Indonesian province of Riau Islands . The city administrative area covers three main islands of Batam, Rempang and Galang (collectively called Barelang ), as well as Bulang to the west and several smaller islands. Batam Island is the core urban and industrial zone , while both Rempang Island and Galang Island maintain their rural character and low-density population ; they are connected to Batam Island by short bridges. Bulang Island and
765-442: The Indonesian state oil company, settled there with only 6,000 inhabitants. Shipbuilding and electronics manufacturing are important industries on the island. Being located close to the ports of Singapore, the speed of goods shipping and product distribution is increased, benefiting the island's economy . With lower labor costs and special government incentives, it is the site of many factories operated by foreign companies. Under
810-597: The Indonesian Reformation era in the late 1990s, with Act No. 53/1999, the Batam administrative municipality changed its status to an autonomous region, namely Batam City Government to carry out governmental and developmental functions by involving BP Batam . Batam is a roughly oval island with many bays, islets, and peninsulas, located west of Bintan Island , south of Singapore, north of Rempang Island and Galang Island, and east of Bulang Island. The Singapore Strait separates Singapore and Batam, while
855-511: The Riau Strait separates Batam and Bintan island. Batam Municipality covers 3,869 km , of which 1,034.73 km is land, a figure which includes some land reclamation . However, Barelang Island (not actually one but three, see above) covers roughly 715 km of that 1,034.73 km , and Batam island itself covers only about 410 km out of the total. The bulk of the municipal population resides on Batam Island. Batam has
900-676: The Seven Seas to be traversed to reach China. Some have interpreted Sea of Salahit as referring to Singapore, although others generally considered it the Malacca Strait , a point of contact between the Arabs and the Zābaj (likely Sumatra). Among early Europeans travellers to South East Asia, the Strait of Singapore may refer to the whole or the southern portion of the Strait of Malacca as well as other stretches of water. Historians also used
945-468: The Suez Canal . Although rivers and canals often provide passage between two large lakes, and these seem to suit the formal definition of strait, they are not usually referred to as such. Rivers and often canals, generally have a directional flow tied to changes in elevation, whereas straits often are free flowing in either direction or switch direction, maintaining the same elevation. The term strait
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#1732766118238990-588: The Toyota Limo and Chevrolet Lova . Hang Nadim International Airport is Batam island's main airport , and has the longest runway of all airports in Indonesia . The airport was the largest airport in the Sumatra region from 1995 to 2012 with a capacity of six million passengers annually, and is now the second-largest in the Sumatra region after Kuala Namu International Airport in Medan , which has
1035-594: The 16th century, and was utilised by the Indonesian government in the 1960s, who maintained a petroleum logistics base on Sambu Island , one of the minor islands in the Batam group of islands. In the 1970s, according to Presidential Decree No. 41/1973, Batam Island was designated as a working environment of an industrial area supported by Batam Island Industrial Development Authority or better known as Batam Authority Board ( BOB , now Batam Development Board ( Indonesian : Badan Pengusahan Batam or BP Batam ) as
1080-573: The East. A line joining Tanjong Datok, the Southeast point of Johore ( 1°22′N 104°17′E / 1.367°N 104.283°E / 1.367; 104.283 ( E1 ) ) through Horsburgh Reef to Pulo Koka, the Northeastern extreme of Bintan Island ( 1°13.5′N 104°35′E / 1.2250°N 104.583°E / 1.2250; 104.583 ( E2 ) ). On
1125-651: The Maha Vihara Duta Maitreya Temple, shopping malls (including Grand Batam Mall, Mega Mall Batam Centre, Nagoya Hill Shopping Centre, etc), Jabal Arafah Mosque and the Barelang Bridge . In the first semester of 2023, the value of foreign investment reached US$ 1.2 billion, while domestic investment was recorded at US$ 168 million. Most of the foreign investment came from Singapore . Foreigners are allowed to buy apartments with limited leases but not landed homes in Indonesia . In 2021,
1170-762: The Malacca and Singapore straits have been published for a considerable time due to the nature of the straits The strait was mined by the British during the Second World War. In 2009, the Maersk Kendal grounded on the Monggok Sebarok reef. In 2024, ReCAAP reported targeted stealing of engine spares by pirates as unique to the Singapore and Malacca Straits , indicating the possibility of
1215-762: The North. The Southern shore of Singapore Island , Johore Shoal and the Southeastern coast of the Malay Peninsula . On the South. A line joining Klein Karimoen to Pulo Pemping Besar ( 1°06.5′N 103°47.5′E / 1.1083°N 103.7917°E / 1.1083; 103.7917 ( S ) ) thence along the Northern coasts of Batam and Bintan Islands to Pulo Koka. Pilot guides and charts of
1260-599: The city's ethnolinguistic diversity in addition to the dominant ethnic Malay populace. The usage of Mandarin and English are trending due to Singaporean influence, especially by expatriates living in Batam. Based on Presidential Decree No. 41/1973, the Batam Industrial Development Authority (BP Batam) was established to manage 415 square kilometers of industrial complex in Batam City for heavy industry. Previously only Pertamina ,
1305-720: The deepwater passage to the Port of Singapore , which makes it very busy. Approximately 2,000 merchant ships traverse the waters on a daily basis in 2017. The depth of the Singapore Strait limits the maximum draft of vessels going through the Straits of Malacca, and the Malaccamax ship class. The 9th century AD Muslim author Ya'qubi referred a Bahr Salahit or Sea of Salahit (from the Malay selat meaning strait), one of
1350-482: The driving force for the development of Batam, with the initial aim of making Batam the "Indonesian version of Singapore". With the rapid development of the island, based on Government Regulation No. 34/1983, the Batam District (which is part of Riau Islands Regency) was upgraded to municipality status which has the duties to run government administration and society and support the development of BP Batam . In
1395-429: The immigration officer. Some visitors have been sent back immediately on the first ferry available for flouting this rule. The signs are also applicable at other terminals, but are not strictly enforced. Trans Batam is the most reliable and the cheapest public transportation in Batam. It began to operate in 2005. Trans Batam is the second BRT system in Indonesia , after Jakarta's TransJakarta . The price for one ride
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1440-658: The industrial complex. And in 2016, the responsibility of industrial complex changed from the governor of Riau Islands Province to the Office of the Coordinating Economic Minister as per Presidential Decree No. 8/2016. Over 1.5 million tourists visited the city in 2015. Batam is the third-busiest entry port to Indonesia next to Bali and Jakarta . In 2014, around 58.8% of foreign tourists came from Singapore , 12.8% from Malaysia and 4.2% from South Korea . Popular tourism spots in Batam include
1485-499: The islands to its north forming Belakang Padang District lie to the west of Batam Island but are also administratively within the city. Batam is an industrial boomtown , an emerging transport hub and part of a free trade zone in the Indonesia–Malaysia–Singapore Growth Triangle , located 20 km (12 mi) off Singapore 's south coast. According to Statistics Indonesia 's 2020 census, Batam had
1530-892: The main channel of waterway south of Singapore where the international border between Singapore and Indonesia is located. The International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Singapore Strait as follows: On the West. The Eastern limit of Malacca Strait [A line joining Tanjong Piai (Bulus), the Southern extremity of the Malay Peninsula ( 1°16′N 103°31′E / 1.267°N 103.517°E / 1.267; 103.517 ( W1 ) ) and The Brothers ( 1°11.5′N 103°21′E / 1.1917°N 103.350°E / 1.1917; 103.350 ( W2 ) ) and thence to Klein Karimoen ( 1°10′N 103°23.5′E / 1.167°N 103.3917°E / 1.167; 103.3917 ( W3 ) )]. On
1575-423: The new terminal. Domestic destinations include Pekanbaru , Palembang , Medan , Jakarta , Padang , Surabaya , Bandung , Bandar Lampung , Balikpapan , Yogyakarta , Makassar , and many more. International flights currently include Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (operated by Batik Air Malaysia ). Due to piling works for touristic activity, sand mining, and logging for charcoal business, only 4.2% of Batam Island
1620-410: The number of administrative villages within each district , all classed as urban kelurahan , and its postal codes. 29443 - 29445 Notes: At the 2020 census, Batam had a population of 1,196,396 inhabitants. The population was increasing rapidly, with a population growth rate of more than 8% per year between 2001 and 2012, but the increase has subsequently slowed. Today, Batam is inhabited by
1665-472: The potential to generate significant tidal power using tidal stream turbines . Tides are more predictable than wave power or wind power . The Pentland Firth (a strait) may be capable of generating 10 GW . Cook Strait in New Zealand may be capable of generating 5.6 GW even though the total energy available in the flow is 15 GW. Straits used for international navigation through
1710-428: The rest of Indonesia whilst the latter is a trade language and widely spoken by Malaysian Malay expatriates from Johor , Malaysia as well as Malay Singaporeans from Singapore who reside for business purposes and also for historical purposes . Other ethnic minority languages such as Minangkabau , Batak , Javanese and Chinese ethnic dialects like Hokkien , Cantonese and Teochew are also widely used owing to
1755-437: The subsequent decade. In 2017, the island suffered severe job losses; some 300,000 workers were laid off. The official estimated population as of mid-2023 was 1,256,610 (comprising 636,280 males and 620,340 females). The first recorded inhabitants at Batam Island are Malays known as Orang Laut , from the year 231 AD. The island group once served as the field of struggle of Admiral Hang Nadim , against Portuguese invaders in
1800-582: The term in plural, "Singapore Straits", to refer to three or four different straits found in recorded in old texts and maps – the Old Strait of Singapore between Sentosa and Telok Blangah , the New Strait of Singapore southwest of Sentosa, the "Governor's Strait" or "Strait of John de Silva" which corresponds to Phillip Channel, and the Tebrau Strait . Today the Singapore Strait refers to
1845-423: The territorial sea between one part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone and another part of the high seas or an exclusive economic zone are subject to the legal regime of transit passage ( Strait of Gibraltar , Dover Strait , Strait of Hormuz ). The regime of innocent passage applies in straits used for international navigation (1) that connect a part of high seas or an exclusive economic zone with
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1890-607: The territorial sea of a coastal nation ( Straits of Tiran , Strait of Juan de Fuca , Strait of Baltiysk ) and (2) in straits formed by an island of a state bordering the strait and its mainland if there exists seaward of the island a route through the high seas or through an exclusive economic zone of similar convenience with respect to navigational and hydrographical characteristics ( Strait of Messina , Pentland Firth ). There may be no suspension of innocent passage through such straits. [REDACTED] Media related to Straits at Wikimedia Commons Batam Batam , officially
1935-460: The tourist island of Bali and are resident for business purposes in this city. Indonesian is the common lingua franca of Batam in daily use. Other languages such as local Malay (similar to the Malaysian standard as spoken in neighbouring Malaysia and Singapore ) since both varieties coexist with each other as the former is the official and national language widely spoken and used like in
1980-574: The two opposite strait exits, forming subaqueous fans or deltas . The terms channel , pass , or passage can be synonymous and used interchangeably with strait , although each is sometimes differentiated with varying senses. In Scotland, firth or Kyle are also sometimes used as synonyms for strait. Many straits are economically important. Straits can be important shipping routes and wars have been fought for control of them. Numerous artificial channels, called canals , have been constructed to connect two oceans or seas over land, such as
2025-403: The west, and Rempang and Galang to the south, as well as Batam Island itself. Batam Island is connected by bridges to Rempang and Galang , and this group is thus often known by the abbreviation of Barelang . The districts are tabulated below with their areas, 2010 census populations and 2020 census populations, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes
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