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23-613: In 1896, architect Bruce Price was hired to transform the land into the replica of a Georgian country house . Since the sandy soils of the New Jersey Pine Barrens were not suitable for cultivating exotic plants, 5,000 cartloads of fine loam were brought to Georgian Court from neighboring Monmouth County . Bruce Price designed three of the four major gardens: the Italian Garden, the Sunken Garden, and

46-665: A 17th-century marble fountain from southern France, a double marble staircase flanked by lions, and carved marble benches which are copies of the benches in the Vatican Garden. The lagoon connects to Lake Carasaljo under a bridge also designed by Bruce Price, restored in 1999. The Sunken Garden features azaleas ( Rhododendron spp.), Sawara Cypress, myrtle , and Eastern Redbud ( Cercis canadensis ). 40°05′43″N 74°13′40″W  /  40.0952°N 74.2277°W  / 40.0952; -74.2277 Bruce Price Bruce Price (December 12, 1845 – May 29, 1903)

69-933: A Fountain of Apollo , a wrought iron eagle statue purchased from the Paris Exposition of 1900, life-size statues of Greek gods and goddesses, floral urns mounted on marble pedestals, and two semi-circular pergolas with Tuscan columns, marble benches and statuary. Most trees are conifers , and include Blue Pine ( Pinus wallichiana ), Eastern White Pine ( Pinus strobus ), Pitch Pine, Shortleaf Pine ( Pinus echinata ), Blue Spruce ( Picea pungens ), Eastern Arborvitae ( Thuja occidentalis ), Chinese Arborvitae ( Platycladus orientalis ), Eastern Juniper ( Juniperus virginiana ), Chinese Juniper ( Juniperus chinensis ), Eastern Hemlock ( Tsuga canadensis ), Hinoki Cypress ( Chamaecyparis obtusa ) and Sawara Cypress, Mediterranean Cypress ( Cupressus sempervirens ), and Stone Pine ( Pinus pinea ). The Japanese Garden contains

92-637: A partner. Following a brief study trip to Europe, he opened an office in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania , where he practiced from 1873 to 1876. He settled in New York City in 1877, where he worked on a series of domestic projects. These culminated in the design and layout of the exclusive 7,000-acre planned community of Tuxedo Park (1885–86), created by Pierre Lorillard IV . The striking buildings Price designed there, with their severe geometry, compact massing and axial plans, were highly influential in

115-513: A single seed 4–8 mm long partly surrounded by a modified scale which develops into a soft, bright red berry -like structure called an aril , 8–12 mm long and wide and open at the end. The arils are mature 6–9 months after pollination. Japanese yew is a long-lived tree. Individual trees from Sikhote-Alin are known to have been 1,000 years old. One specimen in Tottori , Japan , known as Sentsūzan-no-Ichii ("Yew of Mount Sentsū ")

138-460: A stately Koyamaki ( Sciadopitys verticillata ) on the island in the center of the garden, Japanese Yew ( Taxus cuspidata ), Japanese Cherry ( Prunus serrulata ), Hinoki Cypress, Japanese Maple ( Acer palmatum ), and Weeping Higan Cherry ( Prunus subhirtella ), as well as irises ( Iris spp.), Rhododendron ( Rhododendron spp.), and Laburnum ( Laburnum anagyroides ). The Sunken Garden , with lagoon connecting it to Lake Carasaljo, features

161-520: A victim inhaled sawdust from a yew tree. The following book made it clear that it is very difficult to measure taxine alkaloids and that this is a major reason as to why different studies show different results. Minimum lethal dose, oral LD min for many different animals were tested: Several studies have found taxine LD 50 values under 20 mg/kg in mice and rats. For symptoms of human toxicity see Taxine alkaloids Male and monoecious yews in this genus release toxic pollen, which can cause

184-510: Is 3.0-6.5 mg/kg body weight for humans There is currently no known antidotes for yew poisoning, but drugs such as atropine have been used to treat the symptoms. Taxine remains in the plant all year, with maximal concentrations appearing during the winter. Dried yew plant material retains its toxicity for several months and even increases its toxicity as the water is removed, fallen leaves are also toxic. Although poisoning usually occurs when leaves of yew trees are eaten, in at least one case

207-459: Is an evergreen tree or large shrub growing to 10–18 m tall, with a trunk up to 60 cm diameter. The leaves are lanceolate, flat, dark green, 1–3 cm long and 2–3 mm broad, arranged spirally on the stem, but with the leaf bases twisted to align the leaves in two flattish rows either side of the stem except on erect leading shoots where the spiral arrangement is more obvious. The seed cones are highly modified, each cone containing

230-1176: Is an elliptical flower garden ringed with American Holly ( Ilex opaca ), Eastern White Pine ( Pinus strobus ), Norway Spruce ( Picea abies ), Sawara Cypress ( Chamaecyparis pisifera ), Manitoba Maple ( Acer negundo ), Copper Beech ( Fagus sylvatica ), Common Horse-chestnut ( Aesculus hippocastanum ), and White Ash ( Fraxinus americana ), as well as rose mullein, white daisies , primroses , black-eyed susans , daylilies , purple veronica , balloon flowers , verbena , asters , chrysanthemums , and an assortment of annuals. Founders' Grove includes Franklinia ( Franklinia alatamaha ), Dawn Redwood ( Metasequoia glyptostroboides ), Japanese White Pine ( Pinus parviflora ), Weeping Norway Spruce ( Picea abies cv. 'Pendula'), Pagoda Tree ( Styphnolobium japonicum ), Serbian Spruce ( Picea omorika ), and Sourwood ( Oxydendrum arboreum ). Trees added in subsequent years include American Sycamore ( Platanus occidentalis ), Common Hackberry ( Celtis occidentalis ), Common Persimmon ( Diospyros virginiana ), Osage-orange ( Maclura pomifera ), and Green Ash ( Fraxinus pennsylvanica ). The Italian Garden features

253-445: Is estimated at 2,000 years old. The entire yew bush, except the aril (the red flesh of the berry covering the seed), is toxic due to a group of chemicals called taxine alkaloids . Their cardiotoxicity is well known and act via calcium and sodium channel antagonism, causing an increase in cytoplasmic calcium currents of the myocardial cells. The seeds contains the highest concentrations of these alkaloids. If any leaves or seeds of

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276-706: Is most identified with), as well as the first Banff Springs Hotel in Alberta, and many other hotels and stations. He was a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects (1890) and belonged to the Architectural League of New York . In 1900, he entered into a partnership with French architect Jules Henri de Sibour , who had earlier worked in his office. The firm continued to use the name "Bruce Price & de Sibour" until 1908, five years after Price's death. In 1871, Price married Josephine Lee,

299-919: Is new, incredibly new." Among the Manhattan office buildings he designed were the American Surety Building , the St. James Building, the Bank of the Metropolis and the International Bank. He also collaborated with sculptor Daniel Chester French on the Richard Morris Hunt Memorial (1898) in Central Park . He designed a lecture hall and a dormitory at Yale University . His grandest residential commission

322-808: The Canadian Pacific Railway , including Windsor Station in Montreal and Château Frontenac in Quebec City. Price was born in Cumberland, Maryland , the son of William and Marian Bruce Price. He studied for a short time at Princeton University . After four years of internship in the office of the Baltimore architects Niernsee & Neilson (1864–68), he began his professional work in Baltimore with Ephraim Francis Baldwin as

345-662: The Formal Garden. Takeo Shiota designed the Japanese Garden. Today's arboretum, established in 1989, is named after Sister Mary Grace Burns, former professor of biology, and comprises the entire campus of 62 ha (155 acres). In addition to many exotic species, the arboretum features a good collection of native plants of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. Most notable are the very large and old oaks and Pitch Pines ( Pinus rigida ). The Formal Garden

368-444: The architect's idea was to fit buildings with the surrounding woods, and the gate-lodge and keep were built of graystone with as much moss and lichen as possible. The shingled cottages were stained with the color of the woods—russets and grays and dull reds—ugly to the taste of a quarter century later, though this treatment did much to neutralize the newness of the buildings—Old World and tradition-haunted as it looks, it

391-561: The architectural profession. Eight of Price's houses – including five from Tuxedo Park – were among the one hundred buildings selected for George William Sheldon 's landmark survey of American domestic architecture: Artistic Country-Seats (1886–87). The most famous of these, the Pierre Lorillard V cottage ("Cottage G"), though demolished and now known only through photographs, remains an icon of American architecture. Price's daughter wrote in 1911: "In beginning Tuxedo,

414-704: The daughter of a Wilkes-Barre coal baron. They had two children: Emily Price Post , who became a novelist and the American authority on etiquette , and William, who died in infancy. Price is buried, along with his wife and son, in Hollenback Cemetery in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. Taxus cuspidata Taxus cuspidata , the Japanese yew or spreading yew , is a member of the genus Taxus , native to Japan , Korea , northeast China and

437-511: The extreme southeast of Russia . In Japan, the tree is known as ichi'i (一位), meaning "first rank". This is because first rank courtiers carried shaku scepters made of yew. Other Japanese names include jakunoki , araragi , and onko . In the Ainu language , it is called rarmani . In China, it is called dongbei hongdoushan (東北紅豆杉 "northeastern red bean fir "), zishan (紫杉 "purple fir"), or chi bo song (赤柏松 "red cypress - pine "). It

460-445: The intestine and in high enough quantities can cause death due to general cardiac failure, cardiac arrest, or respiratory failure. Taxines are also absorbed efficiently via the skin and Taxus species should thus be handled with care and preferably with gloves. Taxus baccata leaves contain approximately 5 mg of taxines per 1g of leaves. The estimated (i.e. not by any means a fact) lethal dose (LD min ) of Taxus baccata leaves

483-489: The plant are ingested, urgent medical advice is recommended, as well as observation for at least 6 hours after the point of ingestion. The most cardiotoxic taxine is Taxine B followed by Taxine A; Taxine B also happens to be the most common alkaloid in the Taxus species. Yew poisonings are relatively common in both domestic and wild animals who consume the plant accidentally. The taxine alkaloids are absorbed quickly from

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506-808: Was Georgian Court , the neo- Georgian estate of George Jay Gould I in Lakewood, New Jersey . Price invented, patented, and built the parlor bay-window cars for the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Boston and Albany Railroad . This work prompted the Canadian Pacific Railways to consider his portfolio. He designed the Château Frontenac in Quebec City for the Canadian Pacific (arguably the structure Price

529-558: Was an American architect and an innovator in the Shingle Style . The stark geometry and compact massing of his cottages in Tuxedo Park, New York , influenced Modernist architects, including Frank Lloyd Wright and Robert Venturi . He also designed Richardsonian Romanesque institutional buildings, Beaux-Arts mansions, and Manhattan skyscrapers. In Canada, he designed Châteauesque railroad stations and grand hotels for

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