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48-491: Skanderborg is a town in Skanderborg Municipality , Denmark . It is situated on the north and north eastern brinks of Skanderborg Lake and there are several smaller ponds and bodies of water within the city itself, like Lillesø, Sortesø, Døj Sø and the swampy boglands of Eskebæk Mose. Just north of the town on the other side of Expressway E45 , is the archaeologically important Illerup Ådal . Over time,

96-408: A former bailiff (Danish: foged ) house from the mid 18th century. The buildings are located in the oldest parts of the town, next to the pond of Lillesø. The Museum functions as an umbrella organisation for several museums in and around the town of Skanderborg, including Museet på Adelgade, Øm Kloster Museum, Museet på Gammel Rye Mølle, Ferskvandsmuseet and Skanderborg Bunkerne. Skanderborg Bunkerne

144-476: A large number of working class commoners , leaving many of them with no means to learn a living as the traditional system of tenant farming was replaced with large-scale agriculture run by a small number of individuals. The upper class had responded to their plight by establishing institutions such as workhouses , where unemployed lower-class Britons could find a source of employment, and outdoor relief , where monetary and other forms of assistance were given to both

192-525: A member of neither royalty , nobility , nor any part of the aristocracy . Depending on culture and period, other elevated persons (such members of clergy ) may have had higher social status in their own right, or were regarded as commoners if lacking an aristocratic background. This class overlaps with the legal class of people who have a property interest in common land , a longstanding feature of land law in England and Wales. Commoners who have rights for

240-476: A particular common are typically neighbors, not the public in general. In monarchist terminology , aristocracy and nobility are included in the term. Various sovereign states throughout history have governed, or claimed to govern, in the name of the common people . In Europe, a distinct concept analogous to common people arose in the Classical civilization of ancient Rome around the 6th century BC, with

288-481: A sculpture park. The gymnasium was designed by architectural firm Friis & Moltke and built in 1973. The Village of Sølund is an accommodation facility and home for people with extensive physical and mental handicaps. It is located within the park of Skanderborg Dyrehave near the pond of Lillesø, close to town. The main buildings were erected in 1935 and designed by architectural firm C. F. Møller Architects . Skanderborg Museum has their headquarters at Adelgade 5,

336-434: A territory. This encouraged the formation of princely and kingly states, which needed to tax the common people much more heavily to pay for the expensive weapons and armies required to provide security in the new age. Up until the late 15th century, surviving medieval treaties on government were concerned with advising rulers on how to serve the common good: Assize of Bread is an example of medieval law specifically drawn up in

384-490: Is Frands Fischer , representing the Social Democrats political party. Skanderborg is the municipality's main town, and serves as the seat of the municipal council. On 1 January 2007 Skanderborg municipality was, as the result of Kommunalreformen ("The Municipal Reform" of 2007) , merged with Galten , Ry , and Hørning municipalities, along with Voerladegård Parish from Brædstrup municipality , to form

432-541: Is a World War II museum, fitted out in the abandoned German bunkers in Skanderborg Dyrehave. The German Luftwaffe built their Danish headquarters here and one of the bunkers later found use as the command centre for the civil defence agency during the Cold War era. Øm Kloster Museum is located outside the town, at the old ruins of Øm Abbey on the northern brink of lake Mossø . Skanderborg Museum

480-443: Is perceived as part of the cultural centre. The square of Højvangens Torv, in the northeastern parts of the town, is the center of the educational campus known as Campus Højvangen. The campus is the site of educational institutions such as a public school , a business college (an HHX institution), technical college (an HTX institution under Aarhus Tech ), an adult educational centre, Skanderborg Gymnasium etc., situated in

528-637: Is the responsible organisation for archaeology and archiving of the cultural history within the municipality. In the southern part of the town is the deer park of Skanderborg Dyrehave, located within Skanderborg Forest. The deer park was established around 1580 by King Frederik II to facilitate his interest in hunting. The park area was fenced and roe deer , red deer , wild boars and rabbits were released. Pheasants , gray partridge and turkeys were raised and pools and fishing ponds were dug. Skanderborg Sø (English: Skanderborg Lake )

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576-593: The Black Friar Order in the first half of the 12th century, along with a small harbour, but in 1168 there were only two monks left and the Cistercian Order took over. The Cistercians came here after they had failed in founding a proper monastery at several nearby locations since 1165. In that year, they embarked on a mission from Vitskøl Abbey in Himmerland , to found a daughter community in

624-608: The English Revolution of 1642. After the forces of Oliver Cromwell triumphed, movements like the Levellers rose to prominence demanding equality for all. When the general council of Cromwell's army met to decide on a new order at the Putney Debates of 1647, one of the commanders, Colonel Thomas Rainsborough , requested that political power be given to the common people. According to historian Roger Osbourne,

672-462: The Ertebølle culture , was found here in the 1930s for example, near the former Ringkloster (English: Ring Abbey ) on the southern brinks of Skanderborg Lake. The town sprawled around the former Skanderborg Castle, founded at some point during the early Middle Ages and in 1583 Skanderborg was granted a municipal charter . The town of Skanderborg has attracted several religious communities over

720-784: The Holy Roman Empire , though from the Carolingian era , clergy were generally recruited from the nobility. Of the two thousand bishops serving from the 8th to the 15th century, just five came from the peasantry . The social and political order of medieval Europe was relatively stable until the development of the mobile cannon in the 15th century. Up until that time a noble with a small force could hold their castle or walled town for years even against large armies - and so they were rarely disposed. Once effective cannons were available, walls were of far less defensive value and rulers needed expensive field armies to keep control of

768-542: The Municipal Reform of 2007 . This article about a location in the Central Denmark Region is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Commoner A commoner , also known as the common man , commoners , the common people or the masses , was in earlier use an ordinary person in a community or nation who did not have any significant social status, especially

816-769: The Roman Empire used the Latin term Senatus Populusque Romanus , (the Senate and People of Rome). This term was fixed to Roman legionary standards, and even after the Roman Emperors achieved a state of total personal autocracy , they continued to wield their power in the name of the Senate and People of Rome. With the growth of Christianity in the 4th century AD, a new world view arose that underpinned European thinking on social division until at least early modern times. Saint Augustine postulated that social division

864-586: The Skanderborg Festival , an annual music festival , has been held in August in Skanderborg Dyrehave. Every summer in June, Skanderborg also hosts a musical festival targeted specifically for people suffering from arrested development . Organised by the institution of Sølund, it claims to be the largest festival in the world of its kind. Skanderborg Municipality Its mayor as of 1 April 2019

912-553: The bourgeoisie during the Late Middle Ages , had seen an intermediate class of wealthy commoners develop, which ultimately gave rise to the modern middle classes . Middle-class people could still be called commoners. For example, Pitt the Elder was often called The Great Commoner in England, and this appellation was later used for the 20th-century American anti-elitist campaigner William Jennings Bryan . The interests of

960-516: The diocese of Aarhus and tried at Sabro , at Sminge near Silkeborg ( Sminge Abbey ), and then near the village of Veng ( Veng Abbey ). The Cistercians eventually felt too isolated on the small isle of Kalvø, often cut off from the mainland for days and weeks even when the weather was harsh, and after just four years, they gave up here, too, and moved to Rye between Mossø and Gudensø , a few kilometres west of Skanderborg. Here they founded Øm Abbey in 1172. The royal residence of Skanderborg Castle

1008-464: The serfs were unable to enter the group of the bellatores . Commoners could sometimes secure entry for their children into the oratores class; usually they would serve as rural parish priests. In some cases they received education from the clergy and ascended to senior administrative positions; in some cases nobles welcomed such advancement as former commoners were more likely to be neutral in dynastic feuds. There were cases of serfs becoming clerics in

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1056-601: The 9th century. This threefold division was formalized in the estate system of social stratification , where again commoners were the bulk of the population who are neither members of the nobility nor of the clergy . They were the third of the Three Estates of the Realm in medieval Europe , consisting of peasants and artisans . Social mobility for commoners was limited throughout the Middle Ages . Generally,

1104-571: The Colonel's speech was the first time a prominent person spoke in favor of universal male suffrage, but it was not to be granted until 1918. After much debate it was decided that only those with considerable property would be allowed to vote, and so after the revolution political power in England remained largely controlled by the nobles, with at first only a few of the most wealthy or well-connected common people sitting in Parliament. The rise of

1152-401: The center of Skanderborg, was designed by native architectural firm Kjær & Richter and built in 1998. It houses the former library of the town, theatre and concert halls, a cinema, a three-story foyer with changing exhibitions and a café. Surrounding the buildings, are a Greek theatre with 500 seats, a playground and a beach volley field, amongst other facilities, as the city park itself

1200-515: The clergy, where many priests began to abuse the great power they had due to the sacrament of contrition. The Reformation was a movement that aimed to correct this, but even afterwards the common people's trust in the clergy continued to decline – priests were often seen as greedy and lacking in true faith. An early major social upheaval driven in part by the common people's mistrust of both the nobility and clergy occurred in Great Britain with

1248-464: The common people. Organizations, parties and movements arose, proclaiming the liberation of the people. These included among others: " People's Reprisal ", " People’s Will ", " Party of Popular Freedom " and the "People's Socialist Party". In the United States, a famous 1942 speech by vice president Henry A. Wallace proclaimed the arrival of the "century of the common man" saying that all over

1296-518: The creator of history. By using the word "people", Marx did not gloss over the class differences, but united certain elements, capable of completing the revolution. The Intelligentsia's sympathy for the common people gained strength in the 19th century in many countries. For example, in Imperial Russia a big part of the intelligentsia was striving for its emancipation. Several great writers (Nekrasov, Herzen, Tolstoy etc.) wrote about sufferings of

1344-404: The division in three estates – nobility, clergy and commoners – had become somewhat outdated. The term "common people" continued to be used, but now in a more general sense to refer to regular people as opposed to the privileged elite. Communist theory divided society into capitalists on one hand, and the proletariat or the masses on the other. In Marxism , the people are considered to be

1392-480: The interests of the common people. But then works by Philippe de Commines , Niccolò Machiavelli , and later Cardinal Richelieu began advising rulers to consider their own interests and that of the state ahead of what was "good", with Richelieu explicitly saying the state is above morality in doctrines such as Raison d'Etat . This change of orientation among the nobles left the common people less content with their place in society. A similar trend occurred regarding

1440-534: The interests of the men who have all the money." Comparative historian Oswald Spengler found the social separation into nobility, priests and commoners to occur again and again in the various civilizations that he surveyed (although the division may not exist for pre-civilized society). As an example, in the Babylonian civilization, the Code of Hammurabi made provision for punishments to be harsher for harming

1488-585: The middle class were not always aligned with their fellow commoners of the working class. According to social historian Karl Polanyi , Britain's middle class in 19th-century Britain turned against their fellow commoners by seizing political power from the British upper class via the Reform Act of 1832 . The emergence of the Industrial Revolution had caused severe economic distress to

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1536-655: The present, expanded "Skanderborg Municipality". The former municipality covered an area of 143.22 km , and had a population of 21,745 (2003). Its last mayor was Aleksander Aagaard, a member of the agrarian liberal Venstre political party . The municipality is part of Business Region Aarhus and of the East Jutland metropolitan area , which had a total population of 1.378 million in 2016. The municipality has two of Denmark's three highest natural points of terrain, namely Møllehøj at 170.86 metres (560.6 feet), and Ejer Bavnehøj at 170.35 metres (558.9 feet), in

1584-534: The royal property for the sum of 3004 Rigsdaler , while the castle church with furnishings and bells was granted to the town of Skanderborg. In April 1768, the demolishing of Skanderborg Castle began and nothing remains of it today, except the old castle church. The town of Skanderborg has a total of three churches, and Skanderborg Castle Church used to be part of the former Skanderborg Castle. The cultural centre of Kulturhuset, located in Byparken (the city park) in

1632-534: The short stream of Tåning Å in the west. There are a number of small isles in the lake; Kalvø, Æbelø, Sct. Thomas and Sct. Helene. Skanderborg is served by Skanderborg railway station . It is located on the Fredericia–Aarhus and Skanderborg–Skjern railway lines and offers direct InterCity services to Copenhagen , Aarhus , Aalborg and Frederikshavn and regional train services to Aarhus , Fredericia , Herning , Silkeborg and Skjern . Since 1980,

1680-422: The social division into patricians (nobles) and plebeians (commoners). The division may have been instituted by Servius Tullius , as an alternative to the previous clan-based divisions that had been responsible for internecine conflict. The ancient Greeks generally had no concept of class and their leading social divisions were simply non-Greeks, free-Greeks and slaves. The early organization of Ancient Athens

1728-425: The southern part, southwest of the city of Skanderborg. Himmelbjerget at 147 metres (482 feet), is in the western part of the municipality, and Yding Skovhøj at 170.77 metres (560.3 feet), is in neighboring Horsens municipality , west of the other two highest points of natural terrain. Skanderborg's municipal council consists of 29 members, elected every four years. Below are the municipal councils elected since

1776-421: The town has grown into a suburb of Aarhus to the north east, connected by the urban areas of Stilling , Hørning and Hasselager . Skanderborg is home to a population of 20,116 (1 January 2024), out of Skanderborg Municipality's total population of 65,205 (2024). Skanderborg is an old town and the area have revealed traces of human settlements, dating from the earliest Nordic Stone Age . A seasonal camp from

1824-513: The unemployed and those on low income without them needing to enter a workhouse to receive it. Though initial middle class opposition to the Poor Law reform of William Pitt the Younger had prevented the emergence of a coherent and generous nationwide provision, the resulting Speenhamland system did generally manage to prevent working class commoners from starvation. In 1834, outdoor relief

1872-675: The working class were generally able to earn a good living, and as such working and middle class interests began to converge, lessening the division within the ranks of common people. Polanyi notes that in Continental Europe , middle and working class interests did not diverge anywhere near as markedly as they had in Britain. After the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Wars along with industrialization ,

1920-467: The world the "common people" were on the march, specifically referring to Chinese, Indians, Russians, and as well as Americans. Wallace's speech would later inspire the widely reproduced popular work Fanfare for the Common Man by Aaron Copland. In 1948, US President Harry S. Truman made a speech saying there needs to be a government "that will work in the interests of the common people and not in

1968-426: The years of 1717–22, King Frederik IV began demolishing the old original medieval structures and replaced the former fortifications with terraced gardens . Only the bell tower of the still existing castle church remained. In turn however, Skanderborg Castle saw a decline in popularity and attention by the royal family, and in 1767, the castle with associated gardens was sold at auction. Commoner Hans Lauritzen bought

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2016-402: The years, especially in the early Middle Ages . The long gone Ring Abbey founded by Benedictine nuns in the 12th century, was once situated on the southeastern brinks of Skanderborg Lake. The last buildings burned down in 1715 and now there is a mansion at the site. There also used to be a Dominican monastery on the small islet of Kalvø in the middle of the lake. The monastery was founded by

2064-459: Was a result of the Fall of Man . The three leading divisions were considered to be the priesthood ( clergy ), the nobility, and the common people. Sometimes this was expressed as "those who prayed", "those who fought" and "those who worked". The Latin terms for the three classes – oratores , bellatores and laboratores – are often found even in modern textbooks, and have been used in sources since

2112-447: Was abolished and workhouses were deliberately made into places so unappealing that many often preferred to starve rather than enter them. For Polanyi this related to the economic doctrine prevalent at the time which held that only the spur of hunger could make workers flexible enough for the proper functioning of the free market. By the end of the 19th century, at least in mainland Britain , economic progress has been sufficient that even

2160-435: Was arguably the most important and influential building in the history of Skanderborg, but it was demolished stone by stone during the 18th century. Founded at some point in the early Middle Ages around 1200, King Frederik II had the old medieval castle radically rebuilt and expanded around 1570. His project was grandiose in scale. An entirely new large Renaissance palace was erected and the deer park of Skanderbrog Dyrehave

2208-454: Was constructed nearby, amongst other undertakings. Stones from the demolished Øm Abbey west of Skanderborg were used as construction materials. Many of the original structures survived the project and were incorporated into the new buildings, amongst these the old castle chapel. In the 12th-16th centuries, Skanderborg Castle functioned as the traditional hunting retreat of the Danish kings. In

2256-482: Was created during the last ice age and formed from a melting block of ice left behind; a so-called kettle hole . The lake has an irregular shape divided into two larger lake-areas known as Hylke and Store Sø respectively, with a total surface area of 8.6 square kilometers. The lake has an average depth of 8 meters and up to 18.8 meters at the deepest spot. It holds approximately 49.3 million cubic meters of freshwater 23.5 meters above sea level and empties into Mossø , by

2304-463: Was something of an exception with certain official roles like archons , magistrates and treasurers being reserved for only the wealthiest citizens – these class-like divisions were weakened by the democratic reforms of Cleisthenes who created new horizontal social divisions in contrasting fashion to the vertical ones thought to have been created by Tullius. Both the Roman Republic and

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