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98-525: Set on the fictional planet of Shuggazoom, the series follows the adventures of five cyborg monkeys and a human boy named Chiro as they work to protect their planet – and the rest of the universe – from the forces of evil. The Super Robot Monkey Team is set in Shuggazoom City, a city that takes up a good portion of its planet, named Shuggazoom. The rest of the planet is divided into sparsely or entirely uninhabited zones. The largest of these making up

196-533: A TED talk at the TED Global conference; and via the crowdsourcing website Kickstarter in 2013, the kit allows students to use microstimulation to momentarily control the movements of a walking cockroach (left and right) using a Bluetooth -enabled smartphone as the controller. Other groups have developed cyborg insects, including researchers at North Carolina State University , UC Berkeley , and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore , but

294-475: A Vietnam War veteran who suffered a stroke. Ray's body, as doctors called it, was " locked in ". Ray wanted his old life back so he agreed to Kennedy's experiment. Kennedy embedded an implant he designed (and named a " neurotrophic electrode ") near the injured part of Ray's brain so that Ray would be able to have some movement back in his body. The surgery went successfully, but in 2002, Ray died. In 2002, Canadian Jens Naumann , also blinded in adulthood, became

392-415: A laser -like LED light in one version of the prototype. Furthermore, many people with multifunctional radio frequency identification (RFID) microchips injected into a hand are known to exist. With the chips they are able to swipe cards , open or unlock doors , operate devices such as printers or, with some using cryptocurrency , buy products, such as drinks, with a wave of the hand. bodyNET

490-535: A being with both organic and biomechatronic body parts. The term was coined in 1960 by Manfred Clynes and Nathan S. Kline . In contrast to biorobots and androids , the term cyborg applies to a living organism that has restored function or enhanced abilities due to the integration of some artificial component or technology that relies on feedback. "Cyborg" is not the same thing as bionics , biorobotics , or androids ; it applies to an organism that has restored function or, especially, enhanced abilities due to

588-572: A bi-hormonal system is the Beta Bionics iLet . Military organizations' research has recently focused on the use of cyborg animals for the purposes of a supposed tactical advantage. DARPA has announced its interest in developing "cyborg insects" to transmit data from sensors implanted into the insect during the pupa stage. The insect's motion would be controlled from a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and could conceivably survey an environment or detect explosives and gas. Similarly, DARPA

686-551: A bias towards functionality and efficiency that may compel assent to a view of human people which de-emphasizes as defining characteristics actual manifestations of humanity and personhood , in favor of definition in terms of upgrades, versions, and utility. Retinal implants are another form of cyborgization in medicine. The theory behind retinal stimulation to restore vision for those suffering from retinitis pigmentosa and vision loss due to aging (conditions in which people have an abnormally low number of retinal ganglion cells ),

784-575: A bright colors and a relatable protagonist, combines into a great family-friendly series." The series was nominated for Best Sound Editing in Television Animated at the 2006 Golden Reel Awards . It was nominated for Best Sound Editing in Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue, ADR and Music for Television Animation at the 2007 Golden Reel Awards . In December 2014, across an interview with AnimeSuperhero.com , Ciro Nieli stated, "There's

882-650: A comic and change the names and hairdos…" In June 2018, Greg Cipes shared one of Ciro Nieli's concept art on Twitter , as it could be either a reboot or continuation for a fifth season, while showing off two new characters set to appear. As of October 2024, there have been no updates about the shows revival. Cyborg A cyborg ( / ˈ s aɪ b ɔːr ɡ / ) (also known as cybernetic organism , cyber-organism , cyber-organic being , cybernetically enhanced organism , cybernetically augmented organism , technorganic being , techno-organic being , or techno-organism )—a portmanteau of cybernetic and organism —is

980-467: A complex range of motions beyond that of previous prosthetics. By 2004, a fully functioning artificial heart was developed. The continued technological development of bionic and ( bio- ) nanotechnologies begins to raise the question of enhancement, and of the future possibilities for cyborgs which surpass the original functionality of the biological model. The ethics and desirability of "enhancement prosthetics" have been debated; their proponents include

1078-481: A control loop are the MiniMed 670G from Medtronic and the t:slim x2 from Tandem Diabetes Care . Do-it-yourself artificial pancreas technologies also exist, though these are not verified or approved by any regulatory agency. Upcoming next-generation artificial pancreas technologies include automatic glucagon infusion in addition to insulin, to help prevent hypoglycemia and improve efficiency. One example of such

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1176-540: A cyborg when he noticed that the software and his brain had united and given him an extra sense. Harbisson is a co-founder of the Cyborg Foundation (2004) and cofounded the Transpecies Society in 2017, which is an association that empowers individuals with non-human identities and supports them in their decisions to develop unique senses and new organs. Neil Harbisson is a global advocate for

1274-609: A cyborg, since these devices measure voltage potentials in the body, perform signal processing , and can deliver electrical stimuli , using this synthetic feedback mechanism to keep that person alive. Implants, especially cochlear implants , that combine mechanical modification with any kind of feedback response are also cyborg enhancements. Some theorists cite such modifications as contact lenses , hearing aids , smartphones , or intraocular lenses as examples of fitting humans with technology to enhance their biological capabilities. The emerging trend of implanting microchips inside

1372-437: A finale planned for that and I don't know how I'm gonna do it but I swear that I'm gonna do it someday. I can do it as one movie or I can do it as a whole season, it just depends on how much breadth I want to give it. Look at the last episode. You can either pick it up from there or you can go 'Five years later: it's the war of the undead vs the robot chimps.' It's this crazy battlefield where all forces have kinda teamed up against

1470-497: A human internally (such as in Elysium and RoboCop ). The computer game Deus Ex: Invisible War prominently features cyborgs called Omar, Russian for 'lobster'. In 1994, Hans Hass formulated a scientific view of the human-machine hybrids he called "hypercells". They can expand their biological cell body with artificial artifacts and thus expand their performance body. The theory of hypercells or "Homo proteus", as Hass called

1568-439: A major active role in establishing a carbon nanotube 's network and its stabilization. This novel material can be used in a wide range of electronic applications, from heating to sensing. For instance, using Candida albicans cells, a species of yeast that often lives inside the human gastrointestinal tract , cyborg tissue materials with temperature sensing properties have been reported. In current prosthetic applications,

1666-434: A new class of drug-delivery systems positioned between classical synthetic materials and cell-based systems. In medicine, there are two important and different types of cyborgs: the restorative and the enhanced. Restorative technologies "restore lost function, organs, and limbs." The key aspect of restorative cyborgization is the repair of broken or missing processes to revert to a healthy or average level of function. There

1764-492: A new television series called Rain of the Ghosts . When the series was not picked up, Weisman bought the property back to turn it into a series of novels. His debut novel, also titled Rain of the Ghosts , was released in 2013. Its sequel, Spirits of Ash and Foam , followed in 2014. Weisman has announced that the third book will be titled Masque of Bones , and in 2015, he released a full-cast unabridged AudioPlay based on Rain of

1862-469: A rogues gallery of enemies as recurring characters. Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! was created by director and producer Ciro Nieli . In 2003, an executive from Disney accepted the project. The series is influenced by Japanese animation . It is also inspired by Star Trek , Super Sentai , Power Rangers , Voltron , and Star Wars . Animator and designer Lynne Naylor , who worked on Samurai Jack and Hi Hi Puffy AmiYumi , served as

1960-404: A series of articles in 2016 describing the development of cyborg bacteria capable to harvest sunlight more efficiently than plants. In the first study, the researchers induced the self-photosensitization of a nonphotosynthetic bacterium, Moorella thermoacetica , with cadmium sulfide nanoparticles, enabling the photosynthesis of acetic acid from carbon dioxide . A follow-up article described

2058-406: A series of experiments including extending his nervous system over the internet to control a robotic hand , also receiving feedback from the fingertips to control the hand's grip. This was a form of extended sensory input. Subsequently, he investigated ultrasonic input to remotely detect the distance to objects . Finally, with electrodes also implanted into his wife's nervous system, they conducted

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2156-560: A series of stasis tanks. In doing so, he awakened the five robotic monkeys that form the Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce. In the process Chiro also fused himself with the mysterious supernatural energy of the Power Primate, allowing him to transform into a stronger, braver fighter and the leader of the team. With the aid of the five Robot Monkeys: Sparx, Antauri, Gibson, Otto and Nova, their mission

2254-702: A surgery to redirect the nerve that controls the voice and sound production to a muscle in the neck, where a nearby sensor would be able to pick up its electrical signals . The signals would then move to a processor which would control the timing and pitch of a voice simulator. That simulator would then vibrate producing a multi-tonal sound that could be shaped into words by the mouth. An article published in Nature Materials in 2012 reported research on "cyborg tissues" (engineered human tissues with embedded three-dimensional mesh of nanoscale wires), with possible medical implications. In 2014, researchers from

2352-543: A transparent case, and in all the adventures of his famous hero, Captain Future . In 1944, in the short story " No Woman Born ", C. L. Moore wrote of Deirdre, a dancer, whose body was burned completely and whose brain was placed in a faceless but beautiful and supple mechanical body. In 1960, the term "cyborg" was coined by Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline to refer to their conception of an enhanced human being who could survive in extraterrestrial environments: For

2450-660: A writer for Invader Zim , Rich Fogel , a writer for Justice League and Pinky and the Brain , Chris Mitchell, who worked on SpongeBob SquarePants , and Kevin Hopps, who also worked on Animaniacs . Sebastian Evans composed the score of the show. The theme song of Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! is performed by Japanese synthpop/new wave band Polysics . Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! premiered on ABC Family 's Jetix programming block on September 18, 2004. It also aired on Toon Disney 's Jetix block, until

2548-459: Is Lasertron Fury. This powerful energy beam that is fired from its chest is capable of destroying large objects or hostile entities while an array of smaller weaponry is used to handle other lesser threats. The Super Robot also serves as Chiro and the Monkeys' headquarters and home while parked on its landing pad in Shuggazoom City. Over the course of the series the history of both Shuggazoom and

2646-444: Is a computer, which gains power by using Internet protocols to connect with other computers. Another example is a social-media bot —either a bot-assisted human or a human-assisted-bot—used to target social media with likes and shares . Cybernetic technologies include highways, pipes , electrical wiring , buildings, electrical plants , libraries, and other infrastructure that people hardly notice, but which are critical parts of

2744-409: Is a series that appeals to everyone, from children to adults." Charlotte Gorrell of MovieWeb stated, "It is a great series for the entire family, and a great introduction to science fiction for a young audience. At the same time, the humor in the one-liners appeals to a more adult audience. It uses the same personalities and eccentric imagery that are popular in anime. The futuristic world, mixed with

2842-516: Is an application of human-electronic interaction currently in development by researchers from Stanford University . The technology is based on stretchable semiconductor materials ( Elastronic ). According to their article in Nature , the technology is composed of smart devices , screens, and a network of sensors that can be implanted into the body, woven into the skin or worn as clothes. It has been suggested that this platform can potentially replace

2940-419: Is best known as a creator of the animated series Gargoyles , The Spectacular Spider-Man and Young Justice . He is also known for being the supervisory producer for the second season of W.I.T.C.H. . Weisman is a former English composition and writing teacher. He received a bachelor's degree from Stanford University and a master's from USC . Between college and graduate school, he worked on staff in

3038-483: Is developing a neural implant to remotely control the movement of sharks. The shark's unique senses would then be exploited to provide data feedback in relation to enemy ship movement or underwater explosives. In 2006, researchers at Cornell University invented a new surgical procedure to implant artificial structures into insects during their metamorphic development. The first insect cyborgs, moths with integrated electronics in their thorax , were demonstrated by

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3136-503: Is no enhancement to the original faculties and processes that were lost. On the contrary, the enhanced cyborg "follows a principle, and it is the principle of optimal performance: maximising output (the information or modifications obtained) and minimising input (the energy expended in the process)". Thus, the enhanced cyborg intends to exceed normal processes or even gain new functions that were not originally present. Although prostheses in general supplement lost or damaged body parts with

3234-474: Is possible that this technology will also eventually be used with healthy people. Deep brain stimulation is a neurological surgical procedure used for therapeutic purposes. This process has aided in treating patients diagnosed with Parkinson's disease , Alzheimer's disease , Tourette syndrome , epilepsy , chronic headaches , and mental disorders . After the patient is unconscious , through anesthesia , brain pacemakers or electrodes, are implanted into

3332-461: Is surgically anchored and integrated by means of osseointegration into the skeleton of the remainder of the amputated limb. The same company has developed e-OPRA, a will-powered upper limb prosthesis system that is being evaluated in a clinical trial to allow sensory input to the central nervous system using pressure and temperature sensors in the prosthesis' finger tips. Prostheses like the C-Leg,

3430-411: Is that the retinal implant and electrical stimulation would act as a substitute for the missing ganglion cells (cells which connect the eye to the brain). While the work to perfect this technology is still being done, there have already been major advances in the use of electronic stimulation of the retina to allow the eye to sense patterns of light. A specialized camera is worn by the subject, such as on

3528-518: Is to save Shuggazoom City from the evil Skeleton King, the main villain of the series, as well as any other evil forces that may threaten it. Since Chiro was not born a superhero , or with any enhanced abilities, the five Robot Monkeys take up training him to hone his abilities which results in him leading the team. With each member possessing a different set of skills Chiro acts as a unifying force keeping them on point where they otherwise might fall to differing opinions, in addition to being familiar with

3626-596: The C-Leg system developed by Otto Bock HealthCare , is used to replace a human leg that has been amputated because of injury or illness. The use of sensors in the artificial C-Leg aids in walking significantly by attempting to replicate the user's natural gait , as it would be prior to amputation. A similar system is being developed by the Swedish orthopedic company Integrum, the OPRA Implant System, which

3724-573: The Jetix programming block was taken off of ABC Family in August 2006, and the series began to air exclusively on Toon Disney . The show was planned to air on ABC Kids on September 17, 2005, but it was scrapped. It was shown on Jetix UK from January 1, 2005 until July 22, 2006. In 2005, Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! aired on Champ TV in South Korea. The entire series was broadcast in

3822-495: The Materials Research Society 's spring conference on 3 April 2013. The cyborg obtained was inexpensive, light and had unique mechanical properties. It could also be shaped in the desired forms. Cells combined with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) co-precipitated as a specific aggregate of cells and nanotubes that formed a viscous material. Likewise, dried cells still acted as a stable matrix for

3920-537: The Nyctalope , a science fiction hero who was perhaps the first literary cyborg, in Le Mystère des XV  [ fr ] (later translated as The Nyctalope on Mars ). Nearly two decades later, Edmond Hamilton presented space explorers with a mixture of organic and machine parts in his 1928 novel The Comet Doom . He later featured the talking, living brain of an old scientist, Simon Wright, floating in

4018-620: The University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign and Washington University in St. Louis had developed a device that could keep a heart beating endlessly. By using 3D printing and computer modeling , these scientists developed an electronic membrane that could successfully replace pacemakers. The device uses a "spider-web like network of sensors and electrodes" to monitor and maintain a normal heart rate with electrical stimuli. Unlike traditional pacemakers that are similar from patient to patient,

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4116-456: The artificial intelligence systems we have already constructed", and used the term "cyborg" "to emphasize that the new intelligent beings will have arisen, like us, from Darwinian evolution." The concept of a man-machine mixture was widespread in science fiction before World War II . As early as 1843, Edgar Allan Poe described a man with extensive prostheses in the short story " The Man That Was Used Up ". In 1911, Jean de La Hire introduced

4214-473: The region of the brain where the cause of the disease is present. The region of the brain is then stimulated by bursts of electric current to disrupt the oncoming surge of seizures . Like all invasive procedures , deep brain stimulation may put the patient at a higher risk. However, there have been more improvements in recent years with deep brain stimulation than any available drug treatment . Automated insulin delivery systems , colloquially also known as

4312-427: The rights of cyborgs . Rob Spence , a Toronto-based filmmaker, who titles himself a real-life "Eyeborg", severely damaged his right eye in a shooting accident on his grandfather's farm as a child. Many years later, in 2005, he decided to have his ever-deteriorating and now technically blind eye surgically removed, whereafter he wore an eyepatch for some time before he later, after having played for some time with

4410-434: The transhumanist movement , with its belief that new technologies can assist the human race in developing beyond its present, normative limitations such as aging and disease, as well as other, more general inabilities, such as limitations on speed, strength , endurance, and intelligence . Opponents of the concept describe what they believe to be biases which propel the development and acceptance of such technologies; namely,

4508-477: The "artificial pancreas", are a substitute for the lack of natural insulin production by the body, most notably in Type 1 Diabetes . Currently available systems combine a continuous glucose monitor with an insulin pump that can be remote controlled, forming a control loop that automatically adjusts the insulin dosage depending on the current blood glucose level . Examples of commercial systems that implement such

4606-550: The Age of the Wearable computer was published by Doubleday . Some of the ideas in the book were incorporated into the documentary film Cyberman that same year. Cyborg tissues structured with carbon nanotubes and plant or fungal cells have been used in artificial tissue engineering to produce new materials for mechanical and electrical uses. Such work was presented by Raffaele Di Giacomo , Bruno Maresca , and others, at

4704-479: The Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Nebraska, Lincoln created a super sensitive humidity sensor by coating the bacteria Bacillus cereus with gold nanoparticles, being the first to use a microorganism to make an electronic device and presumably the first cyborg bacteria or cellborg circuit. Researchers from the Department of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley published

4802-603: The Ghosts after successfully crowdfunding the project through Kickstarter . In 2016, Weisman released a children's novel in the World of Warcraft universe entitled World of Warcraft: Traveler , followed by a sequel, World of Warcraft: Traveler - The Spiral Path . Weisman's next novels were set in the Magic: The Gathering universe. War of the Spark: Ravnica was released on April 23, 2019 and made

4900-458: The MWCNT network. When observed by optical microscopy , the material resembled an artificial " tissue " composed of highly packed cells. The effect of cell drying was manifested by their " ghost cell " appearance. A rather specific physical interaction between MWCNTs and cells was observed by electron microscopy , suggesting that the cell wall (the outermost part of fungal and plant cells) may play

4998-631: The New York Times Best Sellers List. Its sequel, War of the Spark: Forsaken , was released in November 2019. Alexander Sowa, for CBR , highlighted that "Greg Weissman's War of the Spark: Ravnica [was] infamous among fans for its misrepresentation of existing characters". Sowa commented that its sequel, War of the Spark: Forsaken, "was greeted with a lukewarm response after it infamously attempted to retcon

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5096-820: The RoboRoach was the first kit available to the general public and was funded by the National Institute of Mental Health as a device to serve as a teaching aid to promote an interest in neuroscience . Several animal welfare organizations including the RSPCA and PETA have expressed concerns about the ethics and welfare of animals in this project. In 2022, remote controlled cyborg cockroaches functional if moving (or moved) to sunlight for recharging were presented. They could be used e.g. for purposes of inspecting hazardous areas or quickly finding humans underneath hard-to-access rubbles at disaster sites . In

5194-612: The Robot Monkeys is expanded upon revealing they were created long ago specifically to combat the evil Skeleton King by a brilliant inventor known only as the Alchemist. Having unintentionally released a great evil into the world with his experiments the Hyperforce was his attempt to prepare for an uncertain future where defenses would be needed. The Hyperforce itself also expanded as the series ran to include various allies and

5292-809: The Superman (1965) featured an introduction which spoke of a "new frontier" that was "not merely space, but more profoundly the relationship between 'inner space' to 'outer space' – a bridge...between mind and matter." In " A Cyborg Manifesto ", Donna Haraway rejects the notion of rigid boundaries between humanity and technology, arguing that, as humans depend on more technology over time, humanity and technology have become too interwoven to draw lines between them. She believes that since we have allowed and created machines and technology to be so advanced, there should be no reason to fear what we have created, and cyborgs should be embraced because they are part of human identities. However, Haraway has also expressed concern over

5390-530: The United Kingdom on GMTV's Toonattik . In Ireland, it was released on RTÉ Two as part of "The Den" children's programming block. In 2007, the series was released on Mio TV in Singapore. The series was produced for widescreen , but originally shown cropped due to network restrictions. Super Robot Monkey Team Hyperforce Go! was later made available to stream on Disney+ . It never got

5488-482: The abstract. This includes not only commonly-used pieces of technology such as phones , computers, the Internet, and so on, but also artifacts that may not popularly be considered technology; for example, pen and paper, and speech and language . When augmented with these technologies and connected in communication with people in other times and places, a person becomes capable of more than they were before. An example

5586-515: The art director. Her husband, Chris Reccardi , writer for Samurai Jack and The Powerpuff Girls was the assistant director. The art style was a tribute to classic anime, such as Speed Racer , Astro Boy , and Cyborg 009 , and was influenced by the works of Ken Ishikawa , Go Nagai , Sanpei Shirato , Shotaro Ishinomori , and Osamu Tezuka . Other crew members include Tad Stones , who also worked on Buzz Lightyear of Star Command , Greg Weisman , creator of Gargoyles , Eric Trueheart,

5684-421: The being can live in an environment different from the normal one. Thereafter, Hamilton would first use the term "cyborg" explicitly in the 1962 short story, "After a Judgment Day", to describe the "mechanical analogs" called "Charlies," explaining that "[c]yborgs, they had been called from the first one in the 1960s...cybernetic organisms." In 2001, a book titled Cyborg: Digital Destiny and Human Possibility in

5782-448: The best inventions of 2009. The bionic eye records everything he sees and contains a 1.5 mm , low-resolution video camera, a small round printed circuit board , a wireless video transmitter, which allows him to transmit what he is seeing in real-time to a computer, and a 3- volt rechargeable VARTA microbattery . The eye is not connected to his brain and has not restored his sense of vision. Additionally, Spence has also installed

5880-469: The body (mainly the hands), to make financial operations like a contactless payment, or basic tasks like opening a door, has been erroneously marketed as more recent examples of cybernetic enhancement. The latter has not yet seen significant traction outside niche areas in Scandinavia and in actual function is little more than a pre-programmed RFID microchip encased in glass that does not interact with

5978-408: The brain, has focused on restoring damaged eyesight in the blind and providing functionality to paralyzed people, most notably those with severe cases, such as locked-in syndrome . This technology could enable people who are missing a limb or are in a wheelchair the power to control the devices that aid them through neural signals sent from the brain implants directly to computers or the devices. It

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6076-471: The contradictions of scientific objectivity and the ethics of technological evolution, and has argued that "There are political consequences to scientific accounts of the world." According to some definitions of the term, the physical attachments that humans have with even the most basic technologies have already made them cyborgs. In a typical example, a human with an artificial cardiac pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator would be considered

6174-518: The current culture of Shuggazoom. With the monkeys continuing to train Chiro he grows into the leader they need with the potential to fulfill his greater destiny as protector of the universe. When fighting with larger enemies the Hyperforce uses the Super Robot, which can operate as a single entity or split into six separate vehicles for versatility. Its main attack, when combined as the whole robot,

6272-548: The cybernetics that humans work within. Bruce Sterling , in his Shaper/Mechanist universe , suggested an idea of an alternative cyborg called 'Lobster', which is made not by using internal implants, but by using an external shell (e.g. a powered exoskeleton ). Unlike human cyborgs, who appear human externally but are synthetic internally (e.g., the Bishop type in the Alien franchise), Lobster looks inhuman externally but contains

6370-406: The device is only currently used as a research tool to study changes in heart rate, in the future the membrane may serve as a safeguard against heart attacks . A brain–computer interface , or BCI, provides a direct path of communication from the brain to an external device, effectively creating a cyborg. Research into invasive BCIs, which use electrodes implanted directly into the grey matter of

6468-460: The e-OPRA Implant System, and the iLimb , are considered by some to be the first real steps towards the next generation of real-world cyborg applications. Additionally, cochlear implants and magnetic implants , which provide people with a sense that they would not otherwise have had, can additionally be thought of as creating cyborgs. In vision science , direct brain implants have been used to treat non- congenital (acquired) blindness. One of

6566-484: The editorial department of DC Comics , while also co-writing Captain Atom with Cary Bates . When he was 22 years old, he wrote a four-issue mini-series for DC Comics starring the superheroine Black Canary ; the first issue of the series was penciled, but the project was ultimately shelved due to the character being used in writer/artist Mike Grell 's high-profile Green Arrow: The Longbow Hunters series. Elements from

6664-431: The elastic heart glove is made custom by using high-resolution imaging technology. The first prototype was created to fit a rabbit 's heart, operating the organ in an oxygen and nutrient-rich solution. The stretchable material and circuits of the apparatus were first constructed by Professor John A. Rogers in which the electrodes are arranged in an s-shape design to allow them to expand and bend without breaking. Although

6762-806: The elucidation of the mechanism of semiconductor-to-bacterium electron transfer that allows the transformation of carbon dioxide and sunlight into acetic acid. Scientists of the Department of Biomedical Engineering at the University of California, Davis and Academia Sinica in Taiwan, developed a different approach to create cyborg cells by assembling a synthetic hydrogel inside the bacterial cytoplasm of Escherichia. coli cells rendering them incapable of dividing and making them resistant to environmental factors , antibiotics and high oxidative stress . The intracellular infusion of synthetic hydrogel provides these cyborg cells with an artificial cytoskeleton and their acquired tolerance makes them well placed to become

6860-415: The exogenously extended organizational complex functioning as an integrated homeostatic system unconsciously, we propose the term 'Cyborg'. Their concept was the outcome of thinking about the need for an intimate relationship between human and machine as the new frontier of space exploration was beginning to develop. A designer of physiological instrumentation and electronic data-processing systems, Clynes

6958-500: The first direct electronic communication experiment between the nervous systems of two humans. Since 2004, British artist Neil Harbisson has had a cyborg antenna implanted in his head that allows him to extend his perception of colors beyond the human visual spectrum through vibrations in his skull. His antenna was included within his 2004 passport photograph which has been said to confirm his cyborg status. In 2012 at TEDGlobal , Harbisson explained that he started to feel like

7056-406: The first in a series of 16 paying patients to receive Dobelle's second-generation implant, marking one of the earliest commercial uses of BCIs. The second-generation device used a more sophisticated implant enabling better mapping of phosphenes into coherent vision. Phosphenes are spread out across the visual field in what researchers call the starry-night effect. Immediately after his implant, Naumann

7154-441: The first scientists to come up with a working brain interface to restore sight was private researcher William Dobelle . Dobelle's first prototype was implanted into "Jerry", a man blinded in adulthood, in 1978. A single-array BCI containing 68 electrodes was implanted onto Jerry's visual cortex and succeeded in producing phosphenes , the sensation of seeing light. The system included cameras mounted on glasses to send signals to

7252-574: The first season of Max Steel , the second season of W.I.T.C.H. , and both seasons of The Spectacular Spider-Man and four of Young Justice . Weisman has written episodes for numerous animated series, including Men in Black: The Series , Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles , Bonkers , and Kim Possible . He also voice directs and voice acts on occasion; he played the role of Donald Menken on The Spectacular Spider-Man and Lucas "Snapper" Carr on Young Justice . Weisman

7350-695: The frames of their glasses, which converts the image into a pattern of electrical stimulation. A chip located in the user's eye would then electrically stimulate the retina with this pattern by exciting certain nerve endings which transmit the image to the optic centers of the brain, and the image would then appear to the user. If technological advances proceed as planned, this technology may be used by thousands of blind people and restore vision to most of them. A similar process has been created to aid people who have lost their vocal cords . This experimental device would do away with previously used robotic-sounding voice simulators . The transmission of sound would start with

7448-441: The human body (it is the same technology used in the microchips injected into animals for ease of identification ), thus not actually fitting the definition of a cybernetic implant. As cyborgs currently are on the rise, some theorists argue there is a need to develop new definitions of aging . For instance, a bio-techno-social definition of aging has been suggested. The term is also used to address human-technology mixtures in

7546-584: The human-machine hybrid to distinguish Homo sapiens , takes up where Charles Darwin's theory of evolution left off and deals with the course of evolution beyond humans. In his 2019 book Novacene , James Lovelock used the term "cyborgs" to refer to the next generation of beings who will become the "understanders of the future" and "lead the cosmos to self-knowledge". While acknowledging the organic component in Clynes' and Kline's definition, he proposed that these cyborgs "will have designed and built themselves from

7644-475: The idea of installing a camera instead, contacted professor Steve Mann at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology , an expert in wearable computing and cyborg technology. Under Mann's guidance, Spence, at age 36, created a prototype in the form of the miniature camera which could be fitted inside his prosthetic eye ; an invention that would come to be named by Time magazine as one of

7742-540: The ill-fated project were later used for his DC Showcase: Green Arrow short film. Weisman is Jewish. After graduate school, Weisman worked as a development executive at Disney . There, in conjunction with others, he pitched an early comedy-adventure version of the TV series Gargoyles to Disney CEO Michael Eisner . Eventually, the idea was extensively reworked by Weisman, who brought in Michael Reaves to write

7840-439: The implant. Initially, the implant allowed Jerry to see shades of grey in a limited field of vision at a low frame-rate. This also required him to be hooked up to a two-ton mainframe , but shrinking electronics and faster computers made his artificial eye more portable and now enable him to perform simple tasks unassisted. In 1997, Philip Kennedy, a scientist and physician, created the world's first human cyborg from Johnny Ray ,

7938-439: The insect, which was remotely controlled by a human. The results, although sometimes different, basically showed that the cockroach could be controlled by the impulses it received through the electrodes. DARPA is now funding this research because of its obvious beneficial applications to the military and other areas Greg Weisman Greg Weisman (born September 28, 1963) is an American writer, producer and voice actor. He

8036-431: The integration of a mechanical artifice, bionic implants in medicine allow model organs or body parts to mimic the original function more closely. Michael Chorost wrote a memoir of his experience with cochlear implants, or bionic ears, titled Rebuilt: How Becoming Part Computer Made Me More Human . Jesse Sullivan became one of the first people to operate a fully robotic limb through a nerve - muscle graft, enabling him

8134-486: The integration of some artificial component or technology that relies on some sort of feedback , for example: prostheses , artificial organs , implants or, in some cases, wearable technology . Cyborg technologies may enable or support collective intelligence . A related, possibly broader, term is the " augmented human ". While cyborgs are commonly thought of as mammals , including humans, they might conceivably be any organism . D. S. Halacy's Cyborg: Evolution of

8232-647: The late 2010s, scientists created cyborg jellyfish using a microelectronic prosthetic that propels the animal to swim almost three times faster while using just twice the metabolic energy of their unmodified peers. The prosthetics can be removed without harming the jellyfish. A combination of synthetic biology , nanotechnology and materials science approaches have been used to create a few different iterations of bacterial cyborg cells. These different types of mechanically enhanced bacteria are created with so called bionic manufacturing principles that combine natural cells with abiotic materials. In 2005, researchers from

8330-400: The majority of the visible surface outside of Shuggazoom city is "The Zone of Wasted Years" which is a barren wasteland. The main character is a boy named Chiro. When he was exploring the outskirts of the city, he stumbled upon a giant abandoned robot partially overgrown with plants but still accessible. Once inside, his curiosity got the better of him and he pulls an old power switch among

8428-410: The pilot five-parter. The series underwent a transformation from its initial conception as a largely comedic cartoon, to an episodic but sequential animated action-drama, and the series was produced for syndication. Though Gargoyles itself bears no on-air creator credit, Weisman describes himself on his website as "one of the creators" of the show. Aired as a syndicated show for 65 episodes, Gargoyles

8526-589: The relationships that have been set up in the world of Magic . One aspect that has been called out, in particular, is the biphobic language and erasure around the relationship between the Planeswalkers Chandra Nalaar and Nissa Revane". Weisman issued an apology highlighting the "mutual creative/editorial process with WotC and Del Rey" for Chandra's characterization. Wizards of the Coast made a further announcement that they would no longer censor

8624-515: The same researchers. The initial success of the techniques has resulted in increased research and the creation of a program called Hybrid-Insect-MEMS (HI-MEMS). Its goal, according to DARPA's Microsystems Technology Office , is to develop "tightly coupled machine-insect interfaces by placing micro-mechanical systems inside the insects during the early stages of metamorphosis." The use of neural implants has recently been attempted, with success, on cockroaches. Surgically applied electrodes were put on

8722-496: The season sets, but it did had 3 DVD discs with 1 episode that comes with the action figures, they got episodes "Flytor", "Lords of Soturix 7" and "Planetoid Q". Shreya Suresh Kumar of ComingSoon.net said, "This series has a perfect blend of humor, action, and sci-fi elements, making it an exciting experience. It features a stellar voice cast with Greg Cipes, Kevin Michael Richardson, Tom Kenny, and Kari Wahlgren. It

8820-490: The sexuality of one of the book's protagonists, Chandra. As a result, the game's publisher, Wizards of the Coast, released an official apology for the novel's poor handling of the subject and canceled plans for the book that was intended for the game's next set, Theros: Beyond Death ". Reactions to the sequel were "overwhelmingly negative" and it was "lambasted for its disappointing prose, lack of understanding of character voice, and failure to provide any emotional payoff for

8918-423: The smartphone in the future. The US-based company Backyard Brains released what they refer to as the "world's first commercially available cyborg" called the RoboRoach. The project started as a senior design project for a University of Michigan biomedical engineering student in 2010, and was launched as an available beta product on 25 February 2011. The RoboRoach was officially released into production via

9016-570: The storylines from the television series Gargoyles and Young Justice . On the latter, Weisman, along with Kevin Hopps, became full-time writers of the tie-in comic as of issue #7 (as well as issue #0). Weisman also wrote a parody of Gargoyles and Captain Atom in JLA Showcase #1. During his time with the Star Wars franchise, Weisman wrote the miniseries Star Wars: Kanan for Lucasfilm and Marvel Comics . From 2015 to 2016, he wrote

9114-740: The superhero series Starbrand & Nightmask , which lasted six issues. At San Diego Comic-Con 2022 , It was announced that Dynamite Entertainment had acquired the Gargoyles license and that Weisman would serve as the writer of these new comics. In November 2023, it was announced that Weisman would write a new ongoing series for Marvel Comics dubbed The Spectacular Spider-Men , which features Peter Parker and Miles Morales teaming up and fighting supervillains together. The series will also feature artwork by veteran Spider-Man artist, Humberto Ramos . After leaving Disney in 1996, Weisman spent two years at DreamWorks , where he created and developed

9212-418: The ultimate evil. It'd be awesome. It's all figured out pretty much. Everyone bugs me about it all the time and I really wanna sit down and tell everybody what happens but I'd rather just make it someday and give it to them. Worst case scenario: before I die I'll do a perfect graphic novel of it and then Disney can sue me posthumously 'cause they now completely own it and that's how it goes. I guess I could make

9310-499: Was able to use his imperfectly restored vision to drive slowly around the parking area of the research institute. In contrast to replacement technologies, in 2002, under the heading Project Cyborg , a British scientist, Kevin Warwick , had an array of 100 electrodes fired into his nervous system to link his nervous system into the internet to investigate enhancement possibilities. With this in place, Warwick successfully carried out

9408-512: Was also executive producer on Star Wars Rebels , alongside Dave Filoni and Simon Kinberg , but left the series after the first season. In 2016, it was reported that he would return in the upcoming revival season of Young Justice , alongside Brandon Vietti ; the new season, titled Young Justice: Outsiders , began streaming on DC Universe in January 2019. Weisman also continues to write for comics, including in continuity continuations of

9506-471: Was later picked up for a further 13 episodes by ABC . Weisman was credited as a co-producer of Gargoyles from episode 6, and as a supervising producer for much of the show's second season, but he has disassociated himself from the third season ( The Goliath Chronicles ), on which he received producer credit. Weisman is notable for the question and answer forum he participates in with Gargoyles fans online. Weisman's other television credits include overseeing

9604-619: Was the chief research scientist in the Dynamic Simulation Laboratory at Rockland State Hospital in New York. The term first appears in print 5 months earlier when The New York Times reported on the " Psychophysiological Aspects of Space Flight Symposium " where Clynes and Kline first presented their paper: A cyborg is essentially a man-machine system in which the control mechanisms of the human portion are modified externally by drugs or regulatory devices so that

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