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49-723: Following the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission (6CPC) the Congress (I) Government led by Prime Minister Manmohan Singh granted SDA to all "AIS officers and Central Government employees having all India transfer liability on their posting to any station in the North Eastern Region from outside the region". It was meant to "offset the security environment and the difficult working and living conditions prevailing in North Eastern Region". The 6CPC reiterated that SDA would continue at

98-757: A "cash for vote" scam as part of the cash-for-votes scandal , in which they were accused of buying votes in Lok Sabha to save the government. During UPA I , the economy saw steady economic growth and many people (100 million+) escaped poverty. In the 2009 Lok Sabha election , the UPA won 262 seats, of which the INC accounted for 206. During UPA II , the alliance won election in Maharashtra, Haryana and Arunachal Pradesh. However, there were several allegations of scams during its tenure that impacted UPA's image nationwide and

147-429: A record low of 30 days in the year. The tensions between the UPA and the opposition parties became evident at an all-party meeting convened by Lok Sabha speaker Somnath Chatterjee when the leader of opposition, L. K. Advani questioned the status, timing and schedule of the current session of parliament. M. Karunanidhi had said he felt "let down" by the "lukewarm" response of the centre and had demanded amendments in

196-411: Is Rs 42500 for officers, and 30,000 for JCO/NCO respectively. The Armed Forces headquarters dissatisfied with the 7CPC recommendations have said that "Siachen cannot be equal or lower to Guwahati when deciding on the “hardship” factor". They have recommended a new "hardship matrix" to decide allowances for the armed forces. They have recommended 65 percent of salary as Saichen allowance. The Government in

245-573: Is promoted, members of the Indian Police service and other All India Services (AIS), senior to such officers will be automatically be eligible to be appointed to the same grade on non-functional basis from the date of posting of the Indian Administrative Service officer in that particular grade". United Progressive Alliance The United Progressive Alliance ( UPA ; IAST : Saṁyukt Pragatiśīl Gaṭhabandhan)

294-775: The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), and Border Security Force (BSF), but also the smaller MHA Forces, like the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP), Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) (CISF) and Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) . In addition to these promotions, the government also promoted the Director General of the Railway Police, and the Director General of Police of States to the Apex Scale. This made

343-786: The Indian Mujahideen under support from Pakistan based ISI , as well as 2006 Mumbai train bombings and 2006 Varanasi bombings . During the November 2008 terror attacks in Mumbai , when 10 Pakistani terrorists from the banned terror outfit Lashkar-e-Taiba came from the sea route and seized the city from 26 to 29 November 2008, the UPA Government faced immense criticism from citizens and leaders of opposition for intelligence failures as well as not being able to provide quick transportation for NSG commandos, who neutralized 8 of

392-629: The Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act 1986 , several leaders from the UPA opposed the law. In addition, the UPA faced immense criticism for the formation of the WAQF Board to appease the Muslim community, which has been responsible for land grabbing and forcible acquisition of properties nationwide, while evicting the original owners who possessed legal documents of ownership. The UPA, in its opposition, faced immense criticism by

441-605: The United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government, headed by Manmohan Singh , approved the Sixth Central Pay Commission recommendations with some modifications. Back pay was given from 1 January 2006 and allowances with effect from 1 September 2008. The report led to a six percent increase in the cost of living allowance for central government employees from 16 percent to 22 percent. The Sixth Central Pay Commission estimated that

490-627: The centrist policies of the INC. During the tenure of Jharkhand Chief Minister Madhu Koda , the constituents of the UPA were, by mutual consent, supporting his government. On 22 July 2008, the UPA survived a vote of confidence in the parliament brought on by the Left Front withdrawing their support in protest at the India–United States Civil Nuclear Agreement . The Congress party and its leaders along with then Samajwadi Party leader Amar Singh were accused of

539-526: The government in Maharashtra with Uddhav Thackeray of Shiv Sena leading the ministry . Shiv Sena had been a member of NDA for twenty five years. It left NDA and joined MVA in 2019. Since 2020, more parties joined the alliance. The alliance lost the Bihar election that everyone expected it to win but in 2022, ruling party JD(U) left National Democratic Alliance and rejoined Mahagathbandhan to form government in Bihar . In addition UPA only won 1 out of

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588-804: The speaker of the Lok Sabha ), the Samajwadi Party with 39 MPs and the Bahujan Samaj Party with 19 MPs were other significant blocks that supported UPA at various times. UPA did not achieve a majority, rather it relied on external support, similar to the formula adopted by the previous minority governments of the United Front , the NDA, the Congress government of P. V. Narasimha Rao , and earlier governments of V. P. Singh and Chandra Shekhar . An informal alliance had existed prior to

637-819: The 10 terrorists at the Taj Mahal Palace Hotel , the Oberoi Trident hotel, and the Chabad House . Furthermore, Congress leader Digvijaya Singh , faced denunciation for launching a book which mentioned that the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh was somehow linked to the attack, despite credible evidence and confessions from Ajmal Kasab , the only gunman who was captured by Mumbai Police . The 2008 attacks in Mumbai subsequently led to resignation of several leaders like Vilasrao Deshmukh , R. R. Patil and Shivraj Patil , on

686-667: The 5 state elections in 2021. However the alliance made significant gain in a number of MLA races. MVA lost control of Maharashtra due to crisis and split in Shiv Sena . Moreover, UPA lost in Gujarat assembly elections however, it won the state election in Himachal Pradesh . In 2023, UPA again failed in winning elections in the North-East but won the assembly in the very important state of Karnataka . The alliance

735-632: The Armed Forces members were not addressed and the " One Rank One Pension " (OROP) was not implemented leading to public anger with the commission and the government. In November 2015, Satbir Singh, chairman of the Indian Ex Servicemen Movement (IESM), said there were forty anomalies yet to be addressed. The Sixth Central Pay Commission recommended four selection grade military ranks be linked. Lieutenant Colonel would be linked to Major General as would their equivalents in

784-464: The Defence Forces", "subject to some modifications". The Sixth Central Pay Commission, unlike the earlier Central Pay Commissions, was given a wide remit. It included making recommendations to rationalize the governmental organization and structure to make them more "modern, professional and citizen friendly entities that are dedicated to the service of the people". On 14 August 2008,

833-559: The Director Generals of these central and state forces at par in rank, pay, and status with Secretaries to the Government of India, Armed Forces senior most Lieutenant Generals, Air Marshals, and Vice Admirals. After the Sixth Central Pay Commission, the government implemented "Non Functional" ranks. Avay Shukla , who retired in 2010, said, "Whenever any Indian Administrative Service officer ... in pay band 3 or pay band 4,

882-557: The NDA Government for banking frauds, mostly by giving unsecured loans to fugitive businessmen Vijay Mallya , Nirav Modi and Mehul Choksi during the tenure of then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh . Mallya owes money to a consortium of 17 banks, from whom he took loan to fund his now closed Kingfisher Airlines , and Modi owes money to the Punjab National Bank . While Mallya and Modi have been apprehended in

931-661: The SDA to inflation, mandating that it " shall automatically increase by 25% whenever the Dearness Allowance payable on the revised pay bands goes up by 50percent." The Government on the recommendations of the 6CPC also granted Special (Duty) Allowance to Government employees posted in Ladakh, as they "face similar difficulties" as in the North East India. The 6CPC did not recommend SDA for Group C and D employees on

980-609: The Secretary, and the Cabinet Secretary (or equivalent), were placed on an "Apex Scale" outside the grades with a fixed scale of pay. The Sixth Central Pay Commission recommended four running pay bands (excluding -1S). They would contain twenty grades. The commission explained that the pay band would ease stagnation by opening "promotional avenues ... even though no functional justification for higher posts may exist"; ease problems of "pay fixation"; and remove "many of

1029-458: The Sixth Central Pay Commission report, the UPA Government, in recognition of the growing role and influence of the Ministry of Home (MHA), India's Interior Ministry, promoted the heads of the five police led Central Para Military Forces to the highest pay grade, or the Apex Scale, with a fixed pay of Rs. 80,000. The promotions to the Apex Scale included not only the heads of the bigger forces like

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1078-662: The Sixth Central Pay Commission, the UPA Government made promotions in the Indian Police Service and other civil services dependent on time served. In 2007, Indian Police Service officers were promoted on a fixed time table, independent of functional requirements or span of responsibility, up to the level of Inspector General . Promotions were mandated on completion of 4, 9, 13, 14, and 18 years of service. Most Inspector General functions and responsibilities were no different from that of earlier era Deputy Inspector Generals and Superintendents of Police. Following

1127-734: The Tamils". Karunanidhi said Parliament should adopt the resolution incorporating these two amendments. The years 2006 to 2008 were a darkest part of the UPA, due to the failure to prevent several terrorist attacks nationwide. The UPA had repealed the Prevention of Terrorism Act, 2002 in 2004, which softened the stand on acts of terrorism and reduced powers for the law enforcement while dealing with acts of terrorism. The weakened legislation, along with intelligence failures and compromised law enforcement, resulted in bombings in 2008 across cities like Jaipur , Bangalore , Ahmedabad and Delhi , led by

1176-525: The UPA won only 91 seats in the general election and INC won 52 seats, thus failed to secure 10% seats required for the leader of opposition post. The alliance lost another state to BJP with the party winning by-polls and pushing the UPA into the minority. Towards the end of 2019, the alliance made huge gains in Haryana , won in Jharkhand and formed a state-level alliance called Maha Vikas Aghadi to form

1225-602: The above-mentioned scams, the UPA has been under intense fire for the alleged doles handed out to the son-in-law of the Gandhi family, Robert Vadra , by UPA-run state governments. The UPA was also rebuked for shielding and not prosecuting RJD leader and Railway Minister during UPA 1 Lalu Prasad Yadav , for his involvement in several corruption cases, including the fodder scam case as well as creating Jungle Raj in Bihar between 1990 and 2005, which affected economic and social standing of

1274-497: The alliance, making a sexist comment that "if the bill is passed it will fill Parliament with the kind of women who invite catcalls and whistles". During its tenure between 2004 and 2014, as well as before, the UPA faced widespread condemnation for indulging in appeasement politics for vote-bank of the Muslim community across India. Following the introduction of Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 , which criminalized triple talaq or instant divorce and replaced

1323-569: The approval rating for the government fell. In addition, many members left for YSRCP . This started a domino effect with members leaving to form their own parties and parties such as DMK leaving the alliance altogether. During this time UPA struggled with state election and leadership stability. The alliance suffered a defeat in 2014 Indian general election as it won only 60 seats. In addition, UPA won only one state election and got wiped out from Andhra Pradesh where they previously had 150+ MLAs. From 2014 to 2017, UPA won only 3 state elections. This

1372-536: The blasts. The ineptness towards national security and the insensitive statements made by Congress leadership following the terror attack was one factor that led to the UPA suffering a major loss in the 2014 General elections. The UPA was criticised for its alleged involvement scams such as the Commonwealth Games Scam of 2010, the 2G spectrum case , and the Indian coal allocation scam . Apart from

1421-475: The elections as several of the constituent parties had developed seat-sharing agreements in many states. After the election the results of negotiations between parties were announced. The UPA government's policies were initially guided by a common minimum programme that the alliance hammered out with consultations with Jyoti Basu and Harkishan Singh Surjeet of the 59-member Left Front. Hence, government policies were generally perceived as centre-left, reflecting

1470-477: The existing rates ( 12.5 percent). In its 'analysis' it noted that it "should be paid to all Central Government employees on their posting on transfer to any North East Region irrespective of whether the transfer is from outside the North East Region or from another area of that region. The condition that the employees have all India transfer liability should also be dispensed with". The Government linked

1519-495: The face of criticism decided to hold in abeyance the implementation of the recommendation on all allowances by the 7CPC. On 29 August 2016, it constituted a separate allowances committee to review recommendations on all allowances, including SDA, made by the 7CPC. Sixth Central Pay Commission The Sixth Central Pay Commission was convened by the Union Cabinet of India on 5 October 2006. The Pay Commission

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1568-509: The financial implication of its recommendations would be "Rs.7975 crore for the year 2008 – 2009, and an additional, one time burden of Rs.18060 crore on payment of arrears". The Sixth Central Pay Commission created twenty distinct ranks (pay grades) in the Government hierarchy. It was intended that an employee's status and seniority of post would be determined. The pay grades were intended to make "pay scales ... irrelevant for purposes of computing seniority". The highest ranks such as

1617-563: The grounds of moral responsibility as well as for making insensitive statements in the aftermath. The UPA subsequently faced widespread reprobation for being soft against Pakistan following the attack by avoiding military action against terrorist hideouts, as well as in the aftermath of Pakistan Army beheading soldiers of the Indian Army in 2013. Following the 2011 Mumbai bombings , which claimed 26 lives and injured 130+, UPA leader and INC General Secretary Rahul Gandhi remarked that it

1666-527: The grounds that they did not have "all India transfer liability", a criteriona for being eligible for SDA. The 6CPC in its analysis of the issue noted that "The situation has become even more complex due to a large number of court cases due to which Group C & D employees of certain Departments are in receipt of this allowance on account of orders of the Courts/Tribunals. Some modifications in

1715-479: The incident, while the Government passed an amendment of the laws against rape and sexual assault, which ensured stricter punishments for rape convicts, the amendment was criticized and labeled as an eyewash, as the changes in the laws failed to serve as a deterrent to rising incidents of rape. Furthermore, several key suggestions were ignored, including the criminalisation of marital rape and trying military personnel accused of sexual offences under criminal law, which

1764-399: The navy and air force. This would be similar to civilian ranks based on time served between four and sixteen years. Major generals, rear admirals, and air marshals (a highly selective rank) were made at par with civilian employees with sixteen years of service. The government accepted this recommendation. Some members of the armed forces and veterans disagreed with the change. Following

1813-556: The offices of President and Vice President are apolitical. Electoral mandates Time in office Mohammad Hamid Ansari (2007–12) The winter session of parliament in October 2008 came under intense criticism from the Left parties and the BJP to demand a full-fledged winter session instead of what was seen as the UPA to having "scuttled the voice of Parliament" by bringing down the sittings to

1862-405: The pay scale related anomalies". Another recommendation was the creation of an "additional separate running pay band ... the scale of Rs.18400 – 22400 in higher administrative grades". The Sixth Central Pay Commission report contained anomalies which were examined by an "Anomalies Committee". The committee looked at "individual, post-specific and cadre-specific anomalies". Anomalies concerning

1911-790: The rate of 10 percent of Basic Pay" It reiterated the justification given by the 6CPC noting that it "is of the view that AIS officers are allotted cadres, irrespective of their choice, and they are required to work in these cadres for considerable periods of time. As such, a higher rate of SDA for them is justified". The Special Duty Allowance (SDA) at 30 percent of the pay, for an Indian Police Service Officer with 13 years service works out Rs 35,550 , 14 years of service to Rs 39,330, for 17 years service to Rs 43260, and for 22 years service to Rs 54,660. Armed Forces are not eligible for SDA. The Saichen allowance recommended by 7CPC, for officers and soldiers serving in Siachen Glacier , in comparison,

1960-674: The resolution on Sri Lanka. One of the amendments was to "declare that genocide and war crimes had been committed and inflicted on the Sri Lankan Tamils by the Sri Lanka Army and the administrators". The second one was "establishment of a credible and independent international commission of investigation in a time-bound manner into the allegations of war crimes, crimes against humanity , violations of international International human rights law , violations of international humanitarian law and crime of genocide against

2009-507: The scheme of this allowance are, therefore, necessary." 7CPC found that existing rate of Special Duty Allowance (SDA) was 37.5 percent of Basic Pay for AIS officers, in comparison with 12.5 recommended by 6CPC, and 12.5 percent of Basic Pay for other employees. The 7CPC , which submitted its report in November 2015, recommended that "SDA for AIS officers should be paid at the rate of 30 percent of Basic Pay and for other civilian employees at

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2058-415: The state. The UPA Government has been severely condemned for mishandling the aftermath of the 2012 Delhi gang rape case. As per several media houses, the Government had failed to act positively or give credible assurances to the protesters and instead used police force and lathi-charging against protesters, while pushing the media out of the scene, and shutting down metro rail stations. In the aftermath of

2107-626: Was a political alliance in India led by the Indian National Congress . It was formed after the 2004 general election with support from left-leaning political parties when no single party got the majority. The UPA subsequently governed India from 2004 until 2014 for two terms before losing power to their main rivals, the BJP -led National Democratic Alliance . The UPA used to rule seven States and union territories of India before it

2156-492: Was blamed on the alliance's failed leadership and weakness compared to the NDA. In addition the party lost power in states where they had once won state elections as in Bihar. In 2017 the alliance lost again. In 2018 UPA had a phenomenal comeback in the state elections as the party won important in Karnataka , Rajasthan and others. More parties joined the alliance and it was stronger than ever. In 2019 Indian general election

2205-528: Was dissolved to form the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance on 18 July 2023 ahead of the 2024 general election . UPA was formed soon after the 2004 Indian general election when no party had won a majority. The then ruling Bharatiya Janata Party -led National Democratic Alliance (NDA) won 181 seats of 544, as opposed to the UPA's tally of 218 seats. The Left Front with 59 MPs (excluding

2254-604: Was headed by B. N. Srikrishna . The other members of the Commission were Ravindra Dholakia, J. S. Mathur, and Member-Secretary Sushama Nath. The Sixth Central Pay Commission submitted its report to the Finance Minister , P. Chidambaram on 24 March 2008. On 29 August 2008, the government announced its decision to implement the report on "structure of emoluments, allowances, conditions of service and retirement benefits of Central Government employees including ...

2303-578: Was impossible to stop every terror attack, adding that "We work towards defeating it, but it is very difficult to stop all the attacks. Even the United States, they are being attacked in Afghanistan.". His comments were slammed from some quarters of the Indian political spectrum, who criticised him for equating the Mumbai attacks with those in Afghanistan and called it an insult to those killed in

2352-412: Was rebranded as the Indian National Developmental Inclusive Alliance on 18 July 2023, with many parties joining the newly-formed alliance. The alliance will contest the 2024 Indian general election , being the primary opposition to the ruling National Democratic Alliance . Current Members at the time of dissolution. Members left before dissolution. Note that it refers to nomination by alliance, as

2401-514: Was severely condemned by several women's safety activists. The UPA was also slammed for inaction against political leaders such as Digvijaya Singh and Mulayam Singh Yadav for their comments which promoted misogyny and anti-women views, as well as insensitivity towards rape victims; Yadav previously faced denunciation for opposing the Women's Reservation Bill in March 2010 and warning to withdraw from

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