120-817: Summorum Pontificum (English: 'Of the Supreme Pontiffs') is an apostolic letter of Pope Benedict XVI , issued in July 2007. This letter specifies the circumstances in which priests of the Latin Church could celebrate Mass according to what Benedict XVI called the " Missal promulgated by Blessed John XXIII in 1962 " (the latest edition of the Roman Missal , in the form known as the Tridentine Mass or Traditional Latin Mass) and administer most of
240-524: A universal indult whereby all priests would be allowed to use the former rite even publicly without seeking any specific authorisation. International monthly 30Days interviewed Castrillón Hoyos , President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei , the body charged with overseeing the implementation of the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum , who commented on 30Days 's question whether, even after publication of
360-399: A bishop cannot be required to make the denunciation himself. In all civilised legal systems it is acknowledged that close relations have the possibility of not testifying against a direct relative." When Castrillón's letter to Pican became public in 2010, Vatican spokesman Federico Lombardi said it showed how important it was to centralize handling of Catholic sex abuse cases by clerics under
480-781: A form of encounter with the mystery of the Eucharist particularly suited to them." In view of fears expressed while the document was in preparation, he took pains to emphasize that his decision in no way detracts from the authority of the Second Vatican Council and that, not only for juridical reasons, but also because the requisite "degree of liturgical formation and some knowledge of the Latin language" are not found very often, "the Missal published by Paul VI and then republished in two subsequent editions by John Paul II, obviously
600-502: A form with some of the faithful. The clarification (n.19) according to which the faithful who request the celebration in forma extraordinaria "must not in any way support or belong to groups that show themselves to be contrary to the validity or legitimacy of forma ordinaria " and/or authority of the Pope, is most important. This would be in flagrant contradiction to the motu proprio 's very aim of "reconciliation". Priests must have
720-418: A group of the faithful attached to the previous liturgical tradition stably exists, the parish priest should willingly accede to their requests to celebrate Holy Mass according to the rite of the 1962 Roman Missal" and should "ensure that the good of these members of the faithful is harmonised with the ordinary pastoral care of the parish, under the governance of the bishop" (Article 5). Regarding public Masses,
840-481: A higher level. Castrillón mentioned the proposed policy of mandatory reporting to the civil authorities. According to a 2011 RTÉ documentary, Castrillón told the Irish bishops in 1999 to be "fathers to your priests, not policemen". The documentary's depiction of resistance the Irish bishops experienced from Castrillón put them in a more favorable light at a time when they, and especially Archbishop Desmond Connell , were
960-441: A lawsuit or granted a favour. The above-mentioned distinctions between papal documents were based on the extent of their authority. Other names again had their origin in the form of the papal documents. It is true they all had more or less evidently the form of letters. But essential differences appeared, especially in regard to the literary form ( stylus ) of the document and the method of sealing , these depending in each case on
1080-609: A pastoral concern which the bishops of Scotland share," sharing the Pope's "concern about the unity of the Church." An atypical reaction was that of Chilean bishop Juan Ignacio González Errázuriz , who said the document was aimed not so much at "putting an end to the schism of Archbishop Lefebvre and his followers" as at promoting unity among Chinese Catholics. However, even the parts of the Catholic Church in China that were under
1200-428: A press release: We acknowledge that the Church's liturgy is an internal Catholic matter and this motu proprio from Pope Benedict XVI is based on the permission given by John Paul II in 1988 and thus, on principle, is nothing new. However we are naturally concerned about how wider use of this Tridentine liturgy may impact upon how Jews are perceived and treated. We appreciate that the motu proprio actually limits
1320-505: A schooling in Latin, a training in a certain culture. Yet for these people, to have the love and tolerance to let them live with this liturgy seems to me a normal requirement of the faith and pastoral concern of any Bishop of our Church. There is no opposition between the liturgy renewed by the Second Vatican Council and this liturgy." With the approval of Pope Benedict XVI, the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei issued
SECTION 10
#17327656996321440-501: A spokesman for Pope Benedict's motu proprio , Summorum Pontificum . On 23 February 2007, Castrillón became Protodeacon , the senior Cardinal-Deacon, which he remained until 1 March 2008, when he was elevated to Cardinal-Priest . Castrillón retired on 8 July 2009. On the same day, Pope Benedict issued the document Ecclesiae Unitatem , which attached the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei to
1560-399: A standard aimed at testing the priests' loyalty to the pope". Cardinal Castrillón responded to this concern by pointing out that the motu proprio does not oblige any priest to use the 1962 Missal: all that the parish priest or rector of a church is asked to do is to permit a stable group adhering to the earlier tradition and who have a priest disposed to use that Missal to celebrate Mass in
1680-548: A sufficient knowledge of Latin and know the rite to be celebrated. Bishops are therefore encouraged to make proper formation for this purpose available in seminaries, and the possibility of recourse, if there are no other suitable priests, to the collaboration of priests from the Institutes set up by the Ecclesia Dei Commission (which normally use the forma extraordinaria ) is also indicated. The use of
1800-407: A synod or the diocesan chancery. The pastoral letters are addressed either to all the members of the diocese ( litterae pastorales ) or only to the clergy, in this case formerly in Latin ( litterae encyclicae ). The mandates, decrees or ordinances are issued either by the bishop himself or by one of his officials. The synodal statutes are ordinances issued by the bishop at the diocesan synod, with
1920-546: Is a greater number than in the Middle Ages, and to whom have been granted large delegated powers, which include the issuing of letters. Following the example of Paul III , Pius IV and Pius V , Sixtus V by the papal bull Immensa aeterni of 22 January 1587 added to the already existing bodies of papal officials a number of congregations of cardinals with clearly defined powers of administration and jurisdiction. Succeeding popes added other congregations. Pius X , in
2040-626: Is and continues to be the normal Form – the Forma ordinaria – of the Eucharistic Liturgy." In his cover letter to the bishops, Pope Benedict declared unfounded two fears that had been expressed with regard to the change that he was making: that the change would detract from the authority of the Second Vatican Council; and that it would lead to disarray or even divisions within parish communities. He recognised that "there have been exaggerations and at times social aspects unduly linked to
2160-564: Is the time for the 'interior reconciliation in the heart of the Church' for which Pope Benedict calls". The Priestly Society of Saint Pius X (SSPX), which was consulted by Pope Benedict during the process, said in a statement of the SSPX Superior General Bernard Fellay that it "extends its deep gratitude to the Sovereign Pontiff [Benedict] for this great spiritual benefit" and "rejoices to see
2280-532: The motu proprio Ecclesia Dei of 1988, which had allowed individual bishops, under certain conditions, to establish places where Mass could be said using the 1962 Missal . It granted greater freedom for priests to use the Tridentine liturgy in its 1962 form, stating that all priests of the Latin Church may freely celebrate Mass with the 1962 Missal privately. It also provided that "in parishes where
2400-429: The motu proprio Traditionis custodes which established the new circumstances for celebration of the 1962 Roman Missal. The Roman Rite of Mass has undergone, especially in the early centuries , various developments . In response to Sacrosanctum Concilium , the 1963 document of the Second Vatican Council , it was systematically revised, leading to the publication, in 1970, of Pope Paul VI's revision of
2520-459: The motu proprio , "a small minority of believers may impose the Mass of Saint Pius V on the parish". He stated: "Those who say that obviously haven't read the motu proprio . It's clear that no parish priest will be obliged to celebrate the Mass of Saint Pius V. Only that if a group of the faithful, having a priest disposed to say it, asks to celebrate this Mass, the parish priest or the rector of
SECTION 20
#17327656996322640-484: The Acta Apostolicae Sedis , the first issues of which, at intervals of about twice a month, appeared in 1909. From 1865 to 1908, papal documents had been published in a similar series under the title Acta Sanctae Sedis , which was declared official in 1904. Before 1865, papal documents were not systematically published in documentary fashion and were promulgated by other means such as being affixed to
2760-588: The Corpus Juris Canonici . Others are to be found in the formularies , many of which appeared unofficially in the Middle Ages, similar in kind to the ancient official Liber Diurnus of the papal chancery in use as late as the time of Gregory VII. The papal letters were forwarded by the papal officials, above all by the Apostolic Chancery , for whose use the chancery rules, regulae cancellariae Apostolicae , were drawn up with regard to
2880-800: The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith , making that Congregation's prefect the president of the Commission ex officio . In January 2009, while Castrillón still headed the Pontifical Commission, Pope Benedict lifted the excommunications several bishops of the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX), including Richard Williamson , who was later identified a Holocaust denier. In September Bishop Anders Arborelius of Stockholm alleged that
3000-518: The Lateran , the Apostolic Chancery and in the Piazza del Campo di Fiori , but since 1909 they acquired force only by publication in the Acta Apostolicae Sedis . In the modern period also, papal letters have been constantly issued, but they proceed from the popes themselves less frequently than in the Middle Ages and Christian antiquity; most of them are issued by the papal officials, of whom there
3120-763: The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei from 2000 until his retirement in 2009. He was made a cardinal in 1998. Born in Medellín , Colombia, Castrillón Hoyos attended the seminaries in Antioquia and Santa Rosa de Osos before studying at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. He was ordained to the priesthood by Archbishop Alfonso Carinci on 26 October 1952. He obtained a doctorate in canon law and specialization in religious sociology , political economics , and ethical economics from
3240-585: The Roman Missal , which some Traditionalist Catholics claimed constituted a rupture with what went before. Such concerns led French Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre to found a seminary and society of priests – the Society of St. Pius X (SSPX) – dedicated to the exclusive celebration of sacraments according to the traditional Roman Rite, in 1970. Canonically suspended by the Holy See in 1976, Lefebvre continued negotiations with Pope Paul VI and Pope John Paul II over
3360-485: The decree of excommunication which still affects its bishops be withdrawn. Fellay adds: "The letter which accompanies the Motu Proprio does not hide however the difficulties that still remain", then stated that the Society is eager "after the decree of excommunication which still affects its bishops has been withdrawn—to consider more serenely the disputed doctrinal issues." Patriarch Alexius II responded to
3480-439: The sacraments in the form used before the liturgical reforms that followed the Second Vatican Council . The document was dated 7 July 2007 and carried an effective date of 14 September 2007. Pope Benedict released an accompanying explanatory letter at the same time. It granted greater freedom for priests to use the Tridentine liturgy in its 1962 form, stating that all priests of the Latin Church may freely celebrate Mass with
3600-458: The "value and holiness" of celebration according to the new books. Most internal official reactions emphasised the wish of unity and reconciliation within the Church. Archbishop José Horacio Gómez of San Antonio said in a press statement that he believed the letter "will open up great possibilities for reconciliation and unity with those who have shown great devotion to the Roman liturgy prior to
3720-402: The 1962 Missal privately. It also provided that "in parishes where a group of the faithful attached to the previous liturgical tradition stably exists, the parish priest should willingly accede to their requests to celebrate Holy Mass according to the rite of the 1962 Roman Missal" and should "ensure that the good of these members of the faithful is harmonised with the ordinary pastoral care of
Summorum Pontificum - Misplaced Pages Continue
3840-563: The 1962 forms of conferring Holy Orders is permitted only in those institutes that exclusively celebrate the 1962 Missal that are under the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei . Article 8 specified the aims of Summorum Pontificum as: Other sections include: 14. It is the task of the Diocesan Bishop to undertake all necessary measures to ensure respect for the forma extraordinaria of
3960-480: The Church thus regain her liturgical Tradition, and give the possibility of a free access to the treasure of the Traditional Mass ... (for those) who had so far been deprived of it". The Society, however, points out that "difficulties still remain". It wishes that the "favorable climate established by the Holy See" will "make it possible to consider more serenely the disputed doctrinal issues" and that
4080-556: The Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith." In 1997, Castrillón and the bishops of Ireland were at odds over the proper treatment of priests accused of sexual abuse. Castrillón expressed reservations about proposals discussed by the bishops. While indicating that his Congregation was still studying the question, Castrillón wrote that some of the Irish bishops' proposals "appear contrary to canonical discipline", which could lead to actions being overturned if an appeal were made to
4200-435: The Congregation of Bishops, who had responsibility for overseeing Williamson. In 2002, Castrillón expressed his disapproval of the zero-tolerance policy of the U.S. bishops with respect to cases of sexual abuse . He said the bishops ignored such "fundamental principles of the Church" as forgiveness and conversion. In 2001, Castrillón congratulated French bishop Pierre Pican , Bishop of Bayeux, France, for not notifying
4320-461: The Council accompanied this response with the observation that a stable group of the faithful attached to the older form has a right to assist at Mass in the extraordinary form, a website that published the response interpreted it as not requiring the existence of such a stable group. In his accompanying letter, Pope Benedict explained that his action was aimed at broadly and generously providing for
4440-475: The Ecclesia Dei Commission. It clarifies the concept of coetus fidelium (in short "group of faithful") stabiliter existens ("stable") whose desire to participate in the celebration of the forma extraordinaria must be welcomed and accepted by pastors. While leaving the assessment of the number of people required for its establishment to the wise judgement of pastors, it states that
4560-758: The Gregorian. Castrillón Hoyos also studied at the Sociology Faculty of the University of Louvain in Belgium. Upon returning to Colombia, he served as a curate for two rural parishes in Yarumal from 1954 to 1971. He then served as director of Cursillos , of the national pastoral program, and of the Legion of Mary . After becoming an official in the diocesan curia of Santa Rosa de Osos, Castrillón
4680-523: The Holy Father's call for unity within the Church and especially toward those who are very attached to celebrating the Mass according to the Missal of 1962." Writer Damian Thompson, Editor-in-chief of the Catholic Herald and Telegraph journalist and blogger, wrote on 16 November 2007 that, as a result of the publication of Pope Benedict's document of 7 July 2007, "Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor
4800-459: The Holy See had prior knowledge of Williamson's extreme views, and his view was confirmed by the papal nuncio to Sweden Archbishop Emil Paul Tscherrig who said he had warned the Vatican. Castrillón said that it was a "calumny" to suggest he had been aware of Williamson's views. He said that if anyone in the Vatican should have known about the matter, it was Cardinal Giovanni Battista Re , Prefect of
4920-570: The Holy See or the bishop, to celebrate the Mass in the ancient rite. And this holds true for all priests. It is the parish priests who must open the doors to those priests that, having the faculty [to do so], go to celebrate. It is not therefore necessary to ask any other permission." Article 2 of the motu proprio applies, without distinction, to priests of the Latin Rite, all of whom are therefore authorized to use, in Masses celebrated without
Summorum Pontificum - Misplaced Pages Continue
5040-726: The Latin Mass Society was denounced by The Universe newspaper for its attachment to the Traditional Latin Rite under the banner headline, 'Latin Madness'. Today, the loyalty, determination and sufferings of the Traditional faithful have been vindicated by Pope Benedict XVI's wise and pastoral motu proprio . This [decision] puts an end to the discrimination, marginalisation and exclusion which, too often, Traditional Catholics have suffered. ...However, now
5160-478: The Missal of Bl. John XXIII must be qualified to do so". One of these was Bishop Donald W. Trautman of the Diocese of Erie, Pennsylvania , who indicated that those priests who celebrate such a Mass would first need to show that they have the requisite knowledge of its rubrics and of Latin . Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor , archbishop of Westminster , said: "On behalf of the bishops of England and Wales, I welcome
5280-530: The Mystery of the Most Holy Eucharist, particularly suited to them." Due to this continuing appeal of the ancient form of the Mass across generational groups, it was felt that cases should no longer be decided on a case-by-case basis, and that instead the need had arisen for "clearer juridical regulation which had not been foreseen" in the past. The Pope stressed: "There is no contradiction between
5400-459: The Pontifical Commission, to which also a bishop who does not have the means to respond to their wish can have recourse for advice and assistance. The motu proprio allows what some traditionalists would call the novelty of proclaiming the Scripture readings "also" in the vernacular language in Masses with a congregation, and in the accompanying letter the Pope said that "new Saints and some of
5520-491: The Pontifical Council Ecclesia Dei responded positively to a question whether a parish priest (pastor) or another priest may on his own initiative publicly celebrate the extraordinary form, along with the customary regular use of the new form, "so that the faithful, both young and old, can familiarize themselves with the old rites and benefit from their perceptible beauty and transcendence". Although
5640-417: The Pope also mentioned that, immediately after the promulgation of the new form of the Mass, it was presumed that "requests for the use of the 1962 Missal would be limited to the older generation which had grown up with it", but recognizes that "in the meantime it has clearly been demonstrated that young persons too have discovered this liturgical form, felt its attraction and found in it a form of encounter with
5760-622: The Pope asked parish priests and rectors of churches to permit, at the request of a group of the faithful attached to the previous liturgical tradition stably existing in the parish , celebration of a Tridentine Mass on weekdays, but also one such Mass on Sundays and feasts , by a priest who is qualified and who is not excluded by law, and to grant permission also if requested "in special circumstances such as marriages, funerals or occasional celebrations, e.g. pilgrimages". Apart from celebration of Mass, Pope Benedict authorised parish priests to grant, "after careful consideration" and "if advantageous for
5880-403: The Pope's motu proprio . These actions mask behind them, on one hand, prejudices of an ideological kind and, on the other, pride, one of the gravest sins. I repeat: I invite all to obey the Pope." Making a comparison between bishops attending a Mass celebrated by a visiting cardinal and attendance at the launch of a new book, Thompson also "passed on a rumour" that Pope Benedict was annoyed at
6000-527: The Roman Missal, which was promulgated by Blessed John XXIII in 1962", as "never abrogated". In the letter he specified this as "never juridically abrogated". In article 2 he stated that, "in Masses celebrated without a congregation, any Catholic priest of the Latin rite, whether secular or regular, may use either the Roman Missal published in 1962 by Blessed Pope John XXIII or the Roman Missal promulgated in 1970 by Pope Paul VI, and may do so on any day, with
6120-821: The Roman Rite, according to the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum . 19. The faithful who ask for the celebration of the forma extraordinaria must not in any way support or belong to groups which show themselves to be against the validity or legitimacy of the Holy Mass or the Sacraments celebrated in the forma ordinaria or against the Roman Pontiff as Supreme Pastor of the Universal Church. 20. With respect to
SECTION 50
#17327656996326240-420: The Second Vatican Council. A reform for which many people worked, with great sacrifice and only inspired by the desire to renew the Church, has now been cancelled." Others expressed concern that the loosening of the restrictions for celebration of the Mass would cause practical problems for parish priests who might be pressured to offer the Mass according to the 1962 Missal, and that such pressure would "seem like
6360-672: The Tridentine Mass voiced cautious optimism for the future and prepared for the practical aspects of the decision. In a statement, The Latin Mass Society of Ireland said: "We are very grateful to the Pope for enriching the life of the Church in this way and for enhancing legitimate liturgical diversity. In doing this Pope Benedict is building on the foundation laid by his predecessor Pope John Paul II in his 1988 motu proprio Ecclesia Dei Adflicta . The Latin Mass Society of England and Wales said: "Thirty-seven years ago,
6480-641: The absence of any English bishop at the Pontifical High Mass that Cardinal Darío Castrillón Hoyos , head of Ecclesia Dei , celebrated in Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor's own Westminster Cathedral on 14 June 2008. After the Mass, Cardinal Castrillón Hoyos spoke with journalists. To an unnamed conservative journalist who insisted vehemently that some bishops in England were denying permission for the old Mass to be celebrated in their dioceses,
6600-439: The actual situation of the communities of the faithful." After saying in his letter to bishops, with which he accompanied the motu proprio , that "in the movement led by Archbishop Lefebvre, fidelity to the old Missal became an external mark of identity", Pope Benedict added: "The reasons for the break which arose over this, however, were at a deeper level." Apart from the question of reconciliation with traditionalist groups,
6720-488: The advice, but in no way with the legislative co-operation, of the diocesan clergy. The diocesan statutes, regularly speaking, are those episcopal ordinances which, because they refer to more weighty matters, are prepared with the obligatory or facultative co-operation of the cathedral chapter . In order to have legal force the episcopal documents must be published in a suitable manner and according to usage. Civil laws by which episcopal and also papal documents have to receive
6840-611: The approval of the State before they can be published are irrational and out of date according to the First Vatican Council (session III, De eccles. , c. iii) (see Exequatur ). Dar%C3%ADo Castrill%C3%B3n Hoyos Darío del Niño Jesús Castrillón Hoyos (4 July 1929 – 18 May 2018) was a Colombian cardinal of the Catholic Church. He was Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy from 1996 to 2006 and President of
6960-417: The archives. Nevertheless, forged papal letters appeared even earlier than this. But by far the greater number of the papal letters of the first millennium have been lost. As befitted their legal importance, the papal letters were also soon incorporated in the collections of canon law . The first to collect the epistles of the popes in a systematic and comprehensive manner was the monk Dionysius Exiguus , at
7080-496: The attitude of the faithful attached to the ancient Latin liturgical tradition." To avoid the situation whereby the desire to recover the old form of liturgy "occurred above all because in many places celebrations were not faithful to the prescriptions of the new Missal, but the latter actually was understood as authorising or even requiring creativity, which frequently led to deformations of the liturgy which were hard to bear ... caus[ing] deep pain to individuals totally rooted in
7200-400: The beginning of the sixth century. In this way the papal letters took rank with the canons of the synods as of equal value and of equal obligation. The example of Dionysius was followed afterwards by almost all compilers of the canons, such as Anselm of Lucca . With the development of the papal primacy in the Middle Ages the papal letters grew enormously in number. The popes, following
7320-517: The cardinal said such cases were few. He also met with Cardinal Murphy-O'Connor and, according to a statement issued by the English cardinal's office, "Cardinal Castrillón expressed his gratitude to his fellow cardinal for the generous way which the bishops of England and Wales had responded to an indult from Pope Paul VI allowing traditionalists to celebrate the old rite and for their reception of Pope Benedict's motu proprio ". Various advocates for
SECTION 60
#17327656996327440-400: The cardinals. On the other hand, ordinances issued for individual cases were called rescripta . Thus a (papal) constitution was always understood to be a papal ordinance which regulated ecclesiastical conditions of a general character judicially, in a durable manner and form, for all time; but by a rescript was understood a papal ordinance issued at the petition of an individual that decided
7560-399: The celebration of the 1962 Roman Missal and in particular declared that it is the exclusive right of the diocesan bishop with the approbation of the Holy See, not of individual priests, to authorize its use. Traditionis custodes further stated that now "the liturgical books promulgated by Saint Paul VI and Saint John Paul II, in conformity with the decrees of Vatican Council II , are
7680-434: The chancery. By "constitution" is understood, as in the Middle Ages, a papal document of general authority; by "rescript", a similar document applicable to an individual case. Bulls and briefs are distinguished from each other by characteristics of form which have always remained essentially the same. The papal documents are still deposited in the Roman archives. There are no official collections of them corresponding to
7800-541: The church can't oppose it." The Society of St. Pius X , whose founder Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre was excommunicated in 1988 following the Ecône Consecrations , set permission to use the Tridentine Mass as a preliminary condition for engaging in any doctrinal dialogue with the Holy See . As is customary for papal documents, the motu proprio (which has no title) is referred to by its incipit ,
7920-417: The church. Only a limited number of priests actually know how to celebrate the Tridentine Mass, and a shortage of priests means that many priests already have full schedules on weekends. In response to these concerns, a number of Bishops announced their intentions to issue guidance on how best to implement Summorum Pontificum in their dioceses in line with the motu proprio 's rule that "Priests who use
8040-532: The constitution Sapienti consilio of 29 June 1908, reorganized the papal curia , papal writings being divided into (apostolic) constitutions, (papal) rescripts, (papal) bulls, (papal) briefs and apostolic letters ( litterae apostolicae ). The litterae apostolicae are further divided into litterae apostolicae simplices or brevetti, chirographa , encyclicae (encyclicals) and motus proprii . By litterae apostolicae simplices are understood all documents drawn up by virtue of papal authorization, and signed with
8160-534: The control of the Government-created Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association had for years already been using the revised form of the Mass and in the vernacular, not the Tridentine Mass in Latin. Italian bishop Luca Brandolini said, "I can't fight back the tears. This is the saddest moment in my life as a man, priest and bishop. It's a day of mourning, not just for me but for the many people who worked for
8280-514: The death of John Paul II, Castrillón participated in the 2005 papal conclave and was himself considered papabile , a possible successor to the papacy. Pope Benedict XVI confirmed him as Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy and President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei . On 31 October 2006, Castrillón resigned as head of the Congregation for the Clergy. On 13 September 2007 Castrillón served as
8400-590: The donors personally that their donations "would not save their souls". Castrillón Hoyos once disguised himself as a milkman to gain access to the home of drug lord Pablo Escobar , and after revealing himself, the bishop persuaded Escobar to confess his sins . Castrillón Hoyos also served as Secretary General (1983–1987) and President (1987–1991) of the Latin American Episcopal Conference , where he opposed liberation theology , which many of his colleagues supported. Castrillón Hoyos
8520-444: The doors of basilicas in Rome. Just as the popes rule the Church largely by means of letters, so also the bishops make use of letters for the administration of their dioceses. The documents issued by a bishop are divided according to their form into: pastoral letters, synodal and diocesan statutes, mandates or ordinances or decrees. The classification depending upon whether they have been drawn up more as letters, or have been issued by
8640-401: The earlier custom, insisted that their rescripts , issued for individual cases, should be observed in all analogous ones. According to the teaching of the canonists, above all of Gratian , every papal letter of general character was authoritative for the entire Church without further notification. Decrees ( decreta ) was the name given especially to general ordinances issued with the advice of
8760-572: The exception of the Easter Triduum ". For such a celebration with either Missal, the priest needs no permission from the Apostolic See or from his own Ordinary. In article 4, he said that these Masses celebrated without a congregation "may be attended also by members of the lay faithful who spontaneously request to do so, with respect for the requirements of law". The document superseded the letter Quattuor Abhinc Annos of 1984 and
8880-426: The execution and dispatch of the papal letters, dating back to the twelfth century. Nevertheless, the forging of papal letters was even more frequent in the Middle Ages than in the early Church. Innocent III refers to no less than nine methods of falsification. From the thirteenth century on to January 1909, it sufficed, in order to give a papal document legal force, to post it up at Rome on the doors of St. Peter's , of
9000-416: The faith of the Church", he recommended faithful observance of the Missal of Paul VI: "The most sure guarantee that the Missal of Paul VI can unite parish communities and be loved by them consists in its being celebrated with great reverence in harmony with the liturgical directives. This will bring out the spiritual richness and the theological depth of this Missal." Benedict cited "interior reconciliation in
9120-463: The following decade. While these negotiations did not produce a regularization of the SSPX, they did induce John Paul II to issue a decree in 1984, Quattuor Abhinc Annos , providing a limited permission, or indult, to celebrate the traditional Roman Rite. However, many traditionalists, frustrated with the unwillingness of most bishops to implement the indult in their dioceses, demanded what they called
9240-522: The good of souls", permission to use the older ritual in the administration of Baptism , Marriage , Penance , and Anointing of the Sick . He also allowed bishops, on the same condition, to use the earlier Pontifical in administering Confirmation , and permitted clergy to use the 1962 edition of the Roman Breviary . Bishops could establish "personal parishes" or appoint chaplains for administering
9360-502: The group does not necessarily have to be composed of persons belonging to a single parish, but may result from people who come together from different parishes or even from other dioceses. While always taking into account compliance with wider pastoral needs, the Instruction proposes a spirit of "generous welcome" towards groups of faithful who request the forma extraordinaria or priests who request to occasionally celebrate in such
9480-461: The heart of the Church" as a "positive reason" for the motu proprio . Benedict, who himself led discussions with the SSPX during his tenure as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith , gave as a reason for making the effort represented by his motu proprio the regretted fact that, "over the centuries ... at critical moments when divisions were coming about, not enough
9600-425: The importance of the contents of the respective document. It was merely the difference in the manner of sealing that led to the distinction between bulls and briefs. For papal bulls , legal instruments almost entirely for important matters, the seal was stamped in wax or lead, seldom in gold, enclosed in a case, and fastened to the document by a cord. For briefs, instruments used as a rule in matters of less importance,
9720-433: The instruction Universae Ecclesiae of 30 April 2011, feast of Saint Pius V , to clarify some aspects of Summorum Pontificum . The normative part of the document (nn.12-35) contains 23 brief points on various arguments. It reaffirms the competence of the diocesan bishops in implementing the motu proprio , recalling that in the event of a dispute about the celebration in forma extraordinaria judgement falls to
9840-414: The liturgical celebration", but that "the Missal published by Paul VI and then republished in two subsequent editions by John Paul II obviously is and continues to be the normal Form – the Forma ordinaria – of the Eucharistic Liturgy"; and that: "It is clearly seen that the new Missal will certainly remain the ordinary Form of the Roman Rite, not only on account of the juridical norms, but also because of
9960-466: The liturgical reforms that followed it which had been promulgated by Paul VI and John Paul II. He added that since Sacrosanctum Concilium "expresses the reality of the liturgy", he had stressed in Traditionis custodes that the reformed Vatican II liturgy is "the unique expression of the lex orandi of the Roman Rite". He stated he was determined to make it so that "unity be re-established in
10080-403: The matter were important, the popes issued the letters not by their sole authority, but with the advice of the Roman presbyters or of a synod. Although these names indicate sufficiently the legal character of the papal letters, the popes repeatedly required from the persons to whom they wrote that these should bring the letter in question to the notice of others. In order to secure such knowledge of
10200-571: The medieval Corpus Juris Canonici . The last official collection is that of the Constitutions of Benedict XIV (1740–1758). From the sixteenth century, on the other hand, private collections have appeared, some of which are called bullaria , from the more important part of their contents. Many papal letters are also found in the collections of the Acts of the Councils. The documents issued by
10320-565: The mind of the Secretary of the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments , Malcolm Ranjith , when he remarked that the document Summorum Pontificum , which had come into force on 14 September, had met with "criticisms and opposition, even from theologians, liturgists, priests, Bishops, and even Cardinals", and that "there have been, by some dioceses, even interpretative documents which inexplicably aim to limit
10440-561: The mistaken belief that the pre-1960 form of the Prayer for the Jews that was included in the original form of the Tridentine Mass was being restored, a form that spoke of "the faithless Jews" ( pro perfidis Iudaeis ), which some interpreted as meaning "the perfidious Jews". Pope John XXIII replaced this prayer in 1959, so that it does not appear in the missal permitted by Summorum Pontificum . The American Jewish Committee (AJC) stated in
10560-637: The moment the Church was recognized by the Roman State and could freely spread, the number of papal letters increased. The popes called these letters with reference to their legal character, decreta , statuta , decretalia constituta , even when the letters were often hortatory in form. Or the letters were called sententiæ , i. e. opinions; præcepta ; auctoritates . On the other hand, more general letters, especially those of dogmatic importance, were also called at times tomi ; indiculi ; commonitoria ; epistolae tractoriæ , or simply tractatoriæ . If
10680-560: The new Prefaces can and should be inserted in the old Missal", a matter that he committed for study to the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei . The conditions for the use of the 1962 Missal previously in force were replaced by the following: In an interview on Vatican Radio , the then Cardinal President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei Darío Castrillón Hoyos commented that "priests can decide, without permission from
10800-482: The new books. The total exclusion of the new rite would not in fact be consistent with the recognition of its value and holiness." The Pope clarified that, as a result of his motu proprio , "the last version of the Missale Romanum prior to the Council, which was published with the authority of Pope John XXIII in 1962 and used during the Council will now be able to be used as a Forma extraordinaria of
10920-590: The officials of the Curia and the Congregations of Cardinals contain either resolutions (decisions) for individual cases, or declarations ( extensivae or comprehensivae ) interpreting laws, or decrees, which are entirely new laws. Some congregations of cardinals have issued official collections of their decisions. The document Sapienti Consilio of Pope Pius X decreed that all papal laws were to be promulgated through publication in an official bulletin called
11040-434: The opening words of the ( Latin ) original text: Summorum Pontificum . " Supreme Pontiff " is a title of the popes, and the opening sentence states that it has always been a concern "of the Supreme Pontiffs" that the Church should offer fitting worship to God. Pope Benedict XVI released the document after "much reflection, numerous consultations, and prayer". In article 1 of the document, he spoke of "the typical edition of
11160-455: The opportunity to learn the forma extraordinaria of the Roman Rite. 27. With regard to the disciplinary norms connected to celebration, the ecclesiastical discipline contained in the Code of Canon Law of 1983 applies. 28. Furthermore, by virtue of its character of special law, within its own area, the Motu Proprio Summorum Pontificum derogates from those provisions of law, connected with
11280-516: The papal laws, several copies of the papal letters were occasionally made and dispatched at the same time. Following the example of the Roman emperors , the popes soon established archives ( scrinium ) in which copies of their letters were placed as memorials for further use, and as proofs of authenticity. The first mention of papal archives is found in the Acts of a synod held about 370 under Pope Damasus I . Pope Zosimus also makes mention in 419 of
11400-497: The parish priest or Ordinary, in agreement with the qualified priest, should find some arrangement favourable to the good of souls, not excluding the possibility of a repetition of the celebration of the Sacred Triduum in the same church. On 16 July 2021, Pope Francis issued a motu proprio entitled Traditionis custodes and an accompanying letter that replaced the conditions delineated by Summorum Pontificum for
11520-516: The parish, under the governance of the bishop ". The Tridentine, Latin-language form of the Pontificale Romanum was allowed for the celebration of all the seven sacraments (even if Holy Orders was not expressly mentioned). In the same article 9, it also allowed the Roman Breviary as revised under Pius X to clergymen ordained ( deacons , priests , bishops ). In July 2021, Pope Francis abrogated Summorum Pontificum with
11640-611: The people, either the older (1962) or the newer (1970) form of the Roman Rite, even if they are also authorized to use another Latin liturgical rite , such as the Ambrosian Rite . It does not apply to priests of the Eastern Catholic Churches . It concerns only the Roman Rite and does not deal with use of older forms of other Latin liturgical rites, which is a matter for the authorities charged with regulating those rites. With letter 13/2007 of 20 January 2010
11760-494: The period of persecution." The Jewish Anti-Defamation League (ADL) attacked the document, because the text of the Good Friday Prayer for the Jews in the 1962 Missal includes a request to God to "lift the veil" from Jewish hearts and to show mercy, according to one translation, " even to the Jews" (or " also to the Jews"), and refers to "the blindness of that people" (to Christ). Other objections were raised in
11880-480: The police about a priest who had engaged in sexual abuse of minors. The priest was later sentenced to 18 years in jail. Bishop Pican himself received a suspended three-month jail sentence for not denouncing the priest. In the letter Castrillón described the relationship between a bishop and his priests as "not professional but a sacramental relationship which forges very special bonds of spiritual paternity" and continued "The bishop has other means of acting ... but
12000-428: The pope's name but not by the pope personally. Documents signed by the pope personally are called chirographa . Encyclicals are letters of a more hortatory nature, addressed to all or to a majority of the higher officials of the Church. A motu proprio is a document prepared at the personal initiative of the pope, without previous petition to him, and issued with a partial avoidance of the otherwise customary forms of
12120-454: The popes in modern times Ecclesiastical letters are publications or announcements of the organs of Roman Catholic ecclesiastical authority , e.g. the synods , but more particularly of pope and bishops , addressed to the faithful in the form of letters. The popes began early to issue canon laws as well for the entire Church as for individuals, in the form of letters which popes sent either on their own initiative or when application
12240-436: The prayer in the 1962 Missal with a newly composed prayer that makes no mention of blindness or darkness. In a 2008 interview in during his flight to France, Benedict XVI said Summorum Pontificum "is merely an act of tolerance, with a pastoral aim, for those people who were brought up with this liturgy , who love it, are familiar with it and want to live with this liturgy. They form a small group, because this presupposes
12360-468: The question of the necessary requirements for a priest to be held idoneus ("qualified") to celebrate in the forma extraordinaria, the following is hereby stated: 21. Ordinaries are asked to offer their clergy the possibility of acquiring adequate preparation for celebrations in the forma extraordinaria . This applies also to Seminaries, where future priests should be given proper formation, including study of Latin and, where pastoral needs suggest it,
12480-516: The question, "The Pope has published a document restoring the possibility of using the Missal of Saint Pius V for celebrating the Eucharist. How do you judge this decision?", by saying: "Recovering and recognizing the value of ancient liturgical tradition is something we welcome. We hold very strongly to tradition. Without the faithful guardianship of liturgical tradition, the Russian Orthodox Church would not have been able to resist
12600-485: The reform of 1970. ... People will be able to more clearly see the growth and progress we have realized since Vatican II, while at the same time preserving the rich heritage and legacy of the Church." The Bishops' Conference of Scotland said in a statement that the document "reflects the pastoral concern" of Benedict XVI "for those who find themselves drawn to that form of the Eucharistic celebration, ...
12720-467: The rituals which nourished the faithful for centuries and at "coming to an interior reconciliation in the heart of the Church" with Traditionalist Catholics in disagreement with the Holy See , such as the members of the Society of St. Pius X . He stated that, while it had first been thought that interest in the Tridentine Mass would disappear with the older generation that had grown up with it, some young persons too have "felt its attraction and found in it
12840-428: The sacraments according to the old form. The Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei , whose role the document confirmed, was given authority to ensure observance of the rules laid down in the document. Stable groups of the kind mentioned in article 5 whose parish priest does not grant them their request should inform the diocesan bishop, who is asked to satisfy their desire. If he does not wish to do so, they should inform
12960-404: The sacred Rites, promulgated from 1962 onwards and incompatible with the rubrics of the liturgical books in effect in 1962. 33. If there is a qualified priest, a coetus fidelium ("group of faithful") which follows the older liturgical tradition can also celebrate the Sacred Triduum in the forma extraordinaria . When there is no church or oratory designated exclusively for such celebrations,
13080-479: The seal was stamped upon the document in wax. Curial letters ( litterae curiales or litterae de curia ) denoted particularly letters of the popes in political affairs. During the Middle Ages, the letters of the popes were deposited in the papal archives either in the original or by copy. They are still in existence, and almost complete in number, from the time of Innocent III (1198–1216). Many papal letters were also incorporated, as their legal nature required, in
13200-582: The signing of the peace accord between Peru and Ecuador to settle their border dispute . On 14 April 2000, he replaced Angelo Felici as President of the Pontifical Commission Ecclesia Dei , the office that handles the Holy See 's relations with traditionalist groups such as the Society of St. Pius X . Castrillón was appointed Grand Prior of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George by Infante Carlos, Duke of Calabria on 27 February 2004. Following
13320-455: The two editions of the Roman Missal. In the history of the liturgy there is growth and progress, but no rupture. What earlier generations held as sacred, remains sacred and great for us too, and it cannot be all of a sudden entirely forbidden or even considered harmful. It behooves all of us to preserve the riches which have developed in the Church's faith and prayer, and to give them their proper place." He continued by demanding recognition also of
13440-452: The unique expression of the lex orandi of the Roman Rite". This changes the position of the Mass of Paul VI from the "ordinary" expression of the Roman Rite to the only current expression. On 29 June 2022, Pope Francis's motu proprio Desiderio desideravi was released. In it, Francis explained he published Traditionis custodes because some people accepted Vatican II but rejected
13560-640: The use of the Latin Mass in the days prior to Easter, which addresses the reference in the Good Friday liturgy concerning the Jews. [...] However, it is still not clear that this qualification applies to all situations and we have called on the Vatican to contradict the negative implications that some in the Jewish community and beyond have drawn concerning the motu proprio . In response to such continued complaints, Pope Benedict XVI in 2008 replaced
13680-403: The whole Church of the Roman Rite". In February 2023, Pope Francis issued a rescript , clarifying that bishops must obtain authorization from the Holy See before granting permission for parish churches to be used for Eucharistic celebrations with the preconciliar rite and before allowing priests ordained after 16 July 2021 to use the 1962 Roman Missal. Ecclesiastical letter#Letters of
13800-450: Was done by the Church's leaders to maintain or regain reconciliation and unity" and "omissions on the part of the Church have had their share of blame for the fact that these divisions were able to harden." However, he pointed out, in the same cover letter, that, "needless to say, in order to experience full communion, the priests of the communities adhering to the former usage cannot, as a matter of principle, exclude celebrating according to
13920-543: Was made Archbishop of Bucaramanga on 16 December 1991. He remained in that post until 15 June 1996, when he became Pro-Prefect of the Congregation for the Clergy in the Roman Curia . John Paul II created him Cardinal-Deacon of SS. Nome di Maria al Foro Traiano in the consistory of 21 February 1998. Two days later, on 23 February, Castrillón Hoyos was given the title Prefect of the Congregation for Clergy. On 26 October of that same year he served as papal envoy to
14040-907: Was made director of radiophonic schools. In 1959 he became the diocesan delegate of Catholic Action , and also worked as ecclesiastical assistant to the Catholic Workers Youth . He did catechetical and curial work before serving as general secretary of the Colombian Episcopal Conference . On 2 June 1971, Castrillón Hoyos was appointed Coadjutor Bishop of Pereira and Titular Bishop of Villa Regis by Pope Paul VI . He received his episcopal consecration on 18 July from Archbishop Angelo Palmas , with Archbishop Aníbal Muñoz Duque and Bishop Baltasar Álvarez Restrepo serving as co-consecrators . Castrillón Hoyos succeeded Alvarez Restrepo as Bishop of Pereira on 1 July 1976. While Bishop of Pereira, Castrillón Hoyos
14160-693: Was made to them by synods, bishops or individual Christians. Apart from the Epistles of the Apostle Peter , the first example of this is the Letter of Pope Clement I (90–99) to the Corinthians , in whose community there was grave dissension. Only a few papal letters of the first three Christian centuries have been preserved in whole or part, or are known from the works of ecclesiastical writers. Among them are three letters by Pope Cornelius . From
14280-432: Was most displeased. Last week he hit back with a 'commentary' on Summorum Pontificum . According to Murphy-O'Connor, the ruling leaves the power of local bishops untouched. In fact, it removes the bishops' power to block the ancient liturgy; the cardinal is misrepresenting its contents." Thompson believed that Pope Benedict had a low opinion of the English bishops, and on 5 November 2007 suggested that three of them were in
14400-467: Was reported to have walked the streets at night to help feed abandoned children. While many Latin American bishops refused to accept contributions from suspected drug lords, Castrillón Hoyos accepted donations for his diocesan charities, arguing that by accepting the funds, they would be diverted from funding crime and instead used to help the poor. He said that when accepting such donations, he had warned
#631368