41-759: Sundiata may refer to: Sundiata Keita ( c. 1217–1255 ), the king of the Mandinka people and founder of the Mali Empire , subject of the epic poem known as "Sundiata" or "Son Jara" Epic of Sundiata , his story Sundiata Acoli (born 1939), African-American prisoner Sundiata Anderson (born 2000), American football player Sekou Sundiata (1948–2007), African-American poet and performer Daniel Sunjata (born 1971), American actor Sundiata Gaines (born 1986), American basketball player Ibrahim K. Sundiata , American historian Sundiata (album) ,
82-592: A 1995 album by jazz saxophonist Chris Potter Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sundiata . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sundiata&oldid=1237471606 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Short description
123-440: A century after the epic's events documented on paper some of the information, including dates and a genealogy. Conversely, the written sources left out other pieces of information that the oral tradition includes. The proper English spelling of Sundiata's name is Sunjata , pronounced soon-jah-ta , approaching the actual pronunciation in the original Mandinka . The name Sogolon derives from his mother and Jata means lion . It
164-436: A great leader who was able to command the loyalties of his generals and army. It was during his reign that Mali first began to become an economic power, a trend continued by his successors and improved on thanks to the ground work set by Sundiata, who controlled the region's trade routes and gold fields. The social and political constitution of Mali were first being codified during the reign of Mansa Sundiata Keita. Known as
205-526: A ruler before Sundiata named Barmandana was the first ruler of Mali to convert to Islam. Some Muslim griots later added to the epic of Sundiata by claiming that Sundiata has "an ancestral origin among the companions of Muhammad in Mecca" (namely, Bilal Ibn Rabah ) and speaks of himself as a successor to Dhu al-Qarnayn , a conqueror and king mentioned in the Quran , commonly regarded as a reference to Alexander
246-399: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Sundiata Keita Sundiata Keita ( Mandinka , Malinke : [sʊndʒæta keɪta] ; c. 1217 – c. 1255, N'Ko spelling: ߛߏ߲߬ߖߘߊ߬ ߞߋߕߊ߬ ; also known as Manding Diara , Lion of Mali , Sogolon Djata , son of Sogolon, Nare Maghan and Sogo Sogo Simbon Salaba ) was a prince and founder of
287-649: Is reported to have introduced cotton and weaving in Mali. Towards the end of his reign, "absolute security" is reported to have "prevailed throughout his dominion." From a global perspective, the Epic of Sundiata and the Mali Empire is taught in many schools, colleges and universities, not just in West Africa but in many parts of the World. Some scholars such as Ellen Snodgrass and others have observed similarities with
328-443: Is the traditional way of praising someone in some West African societies ( Gambia , Senegal , Mali and Guinea in particular). The name Sundiata praises him through his mother which means "the lion of Sogolon" or "Sogolon's lion" . The name Jata derives from Jara (lion). Jara and many of its variations such as jata , jala or jada are merely regional variations, from Gambia, Guinea or Mali, for instance. Sundiata's name
369-629: Is thus a derivation of his mother's name Sogolon ( Son or its variation Sun ) and Jata (lion). Some Bambaras and Mandinkas have proposed that the name Keita actually means inheritor ( heir-apparent ) in the Mandinka language , and that Sundiata's real surname is Konaté (French spelling in Mali ) or Konateh , variations: Konate, Conateh (English spelling in the Gambia where the Mandinkas make up
410-605: The Gbara and the Kouroukan Fouga , although not written and even subject to alterations in retelling and when they were first recorded in written form, they were part of the social and political norms of Mali. Many of these laws have been incorporated into the constitution of modern-day Mali . "By unifying the military force of 12 states, Sundiata becomes an emperor known as the Lion King of Mali, who controls tribes from
451-635: The Mali Empire . He was also the great-uncle of the Malian ruler Mansa Musa , who is usually regarded as the wealthiest person of all time, although there are no reliable ways to accurately calculate his wealth. Written sources augment the Mande oral histories, with the Moroccan traveller Muhammad ibn Battúta (1304–1368) and the Tunisian historian ibn Khaldun (1332–1406) both having travelled to Mali in
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#1732771913997492-526: The Sankarani River , where a shrine that bears his name still remains today ( Sundiata-dun meaning Sundiata's deep water ). His three sons ( Mansa Wali Keita , Mansa Ouati Keita and Mansa Khalifa Keita ) went on to succeed him as Mansas of the Empire. The famous and notably ostentatious West African ruler Mansa Musa was Sundiata Keita's great-nephew. A strong army was a major contributor to
533-609: The Sosso nobility of Kaniaga captured what was left of the sacked Ghana Empire , and by 1180, Diara Kanté (var: Jara Kante ), Soumaoro's father gained control of Koumbi Saleh , dethroned a Muslim dynasty and continued the Diarisso Dynasty (variation: Jariso or Jarisso ) whose son (Soumaoro) went on to succeed him and launched an offensive against the Mandinkas. Delafosse's original work has been refuted and discarded by many scholars including Monteil, Cornevin, etc. There
574-538: The Traditional African religion . According to Fyle, Soumaoro was the inventor of the balafon and the dan (a four-string guitar used by the hunters and griots). After his victory at Kirina, Sundiata took control of the former conquered states of the Sosso and appropriated privileges among those who participated in the defeat of Soumaoro. The former allies of Soumaoro were also later defeated, in particular
615-452: The 13th to the late 14th century but began to decline as some vassal states threw away the yoke of Mali and regained their independence. Some of these former vassals went on to form empires of their own. The generally accepted death year of Mansa Sundiata Keita is c. 1255. However, there is very little information regarding his cause of death . Not only are there different versions, mainly modern, but Mandinka tradition forbids disclosing
656-485: The 13th-century Epic of Sundiata to Walt Disney 's 1994 animated film The Lion King . Disney has maintained that the film was inspired by William Shakespeare 's Hamlet . The 1995 Burkinabe movie Keïta! l'Héritage du griot tells the legend of Sundiata Keita. The video game Age of Empires II HD: The African Kingdoms contains a five-chapter campaign depicting Sundjata. The 4X video game Civilization VI includes Sundiata Keita as an alternate leader for
697-516: The Great . Claims such as these are referred to by scholars like G. Wesley Johnson as nothing more than "Islamic legitimacy" - in African countries where Islam is now the predominant religion such as Senegal, and where Muslim griots try to link historical African figures to Muhammad either through a line of descent or by claiming that the ancestor of the historical figure belonged to Muhammad's tribe or
738-550: The Handsome) was a Mandinka king who one day received a divine hunter at his court. The hunter predicted that if Konaté married an ugly woman, she would give him a son who would one day be a mighty king. Naré Maghann Konaté was already married to Sassouma Bereté and had a son by her, Dankaran Touman Keïta . However, when two Traoré hunters from the Dô kingdom presented him an ugly, hunchbacked woman named Sogolon Condé , he remembered
779-451: The King of Mema. The warlords of Mali at the time who were his age group included: Tabon Wana, Kamadia Kamara (or Kamadia Camara), Faony Condé, Siara Kuman Konaté and Tiramakhan Traore (many variations: "Trimaghan" or "Tiramaghan", the future conqueror of Kaabu ). It was on the plain of Siby (var: Sibi) where they formed a pact brotherhood in order to liberate their country and people from
820-670: The Malian civilization in the "Rulers of the Sahara" Pack of the New Leader Pass. Nar%C3%A9 Maghann Konat%C3%A9 Naré Maghann Konaté (died c. 1218 ) was a 12th-century faama (king) of the Mandinka people , in what is today Mali . He was the father of Sundiata Keita , founder of the Mali Empire , and a character in the oral tradition of the Epic of Sundiata . In the Epic of Sundiata, Naré Maghann Konaté (also called Farako Manko Farakonken, Maghan Kon Fatta or Maghan
861-525: The Niger River west to the Atlantic Ocean. Walt Disney Studios reprised the story of Sundiata in 1994 as an animated film, The Lion King , with animals substituting for the humans of Mali legend." Ellen Snodgrass Sundiata Keita was not merely a conqueror who was able to rule over a large empire with different tribes and languages, but also developed Mali's mechanisms for agriculture, and
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#1732771913997902-401: The burial ground of their great kings. According to some, he died of drowning while trying to cross the Sankarani River , near Niani. If one is to believe Delafosse , he was "accidentally killed by an arrow during a ceremony." Others have maintained that he was assassinated at a public demonstration, also known as a Gitten . At present, the generally accepted cause of death is drowning in
943-603: The century after Sundiata's death, and providing independent verification of his existence. The semi-historical but legendary Epic of Sundiata by the Malinké/Maninka people centers on his life. The epic poem is primarily known through oral tradition , transmitted by generations of Maninka griots ( djeli or jeliw ). The Manden Charter issued during his reign is listed by UNESCO as one of an intangible cultural heritage. The oral traditions relating to Sundiata Keita were passed down generation after generation by
984-713: The claim that, the Jolofing Mansa sided with Sumaguru [or Soumaoro ] because "like him, he was hostile to Islam." He went on to state that: In his piece in the General History of Africa , Volume 4, p. 133, Djibril Tamsir Niane alludes to Sundiata being a Muslim. According to Fage , there is nothing in the original epos that supports the claim. Sundiata is regarded as a great hunter and magician whose subjects predominantly adhered to traditional beliefs , as did Sundiata. However, some of Sundiata's successors were Muslim, with Mansa Musa Keita being one of
1025-487: The death of Naré Maghann (the king and father of Sundiata). To escape persecution and threats on her son's life, Sogolon took her children, Sundiata and his sisters, into exile. This exile lasted for many years and took them to different countries within the Ghana Empire and eventually to Mema , where the king of Mema granted them asylum. Sundiata was admired by the King of Mema for his courage and tenacity. As such, he
1066-551: The horses". In a revenge attack, Sundiata sent his general to Jolof to assassinate the king. It is believed that, it was probably this king of Jolof (known as Mansa Jolofing or Jolofing Mansa) who sided with Soumaoro at The Battle of Kirina and possibly belongs to the Ngom Dynasty of Jolof, the predecessors of the Diaw and Ndiaye Dynasties of Jolof. At present, little is known about the Ngom Dynasty of Jolof. Niane has advanced
1107-495: The king of Jolof . Serer oral tradition speaks of a Serer king of Jolof, involved in the occult (just as Soumaoro), who was later defeated by Tiramakhan Traore (one of the generals of Sundiata) after Sundiata sent his men to buy horses in Jolof. It is reported that, when Sundiata sent his men to Jolof to buy horses in a caravan loaded with gold, the king of Jolof took all the gold and horses – known among some as "the robbery of
1148-400: The largest ethnic group). It is proposed that Sundiata Keita's father, Naré Maghann Konaté , took the real family name Konaté while his successors were "Keitas in waiting" (heirs to the throne). The name Keita is a clan name rather than a surname . Although in some West African societies a clan can be similar to the family name (see Joof family ), such similarities do not exist between
1189-523: The last great Bainuk king (King Kikikor ) and annexed his state. The great Kikikor was killed and his kingdom was renamed Kaabu. Sundiata was responsible for the conquest of Diafunu and Kita . Although the conquered states were answerable to the Mansa ( king ) of Mali, Sundiata was not an absolute monarch despite what the title implies. Though he probably wielded popular authority, the Mali Empire
1230-399: The local griots ( djeli or jeliw ), until eventually their stories were put into writing. Sundiata was the son of Naré Maghann Konaté (variation: Maghan Konfara ) and Sogolon Condé (variations: "Sogolon Kolonkan" or "Sogolon Kédjou", the daughter of the "buffalo woman" , so-called because of her ugliness and hunchback). Sundiata was crippled from childhood and his mother (Sogolon) was
1271-528: The most prominent, he went on to conquer other states. The lands of the old Ghana Empire were conquered. The king of Jolof was defeated by Tiramakhan and his kingdom reduced to a vassal state. After defeating the former ally of Soumaoro, Tiramakhan ventured deep into present-day Senegal , the Gambia and Guinea Bissau and conquered them. Tiramakhan was responsible for the conquest of the Senegambia . In Kaabu (part of present-day Guinea Bissau), he defeated
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1312-415: The most widely known. The explorer Ibn Battuta, who visited Mali during the reign of Sundiata's great-nephew Suleyman , claimed that Mansa Musa's grandfather was named Sariq Jata and had converted to Islam. This may be a reference to Sundiata, though if so Ibn Battuta was apparently mistaken about the genealogy, as Musa's grandfather was Sundiata's brother Mande Bory. Other medieval Arabic sources claim that
1353-407: The names Keita and Konaté . Both points of contention agree that Keita is not a real surname, but rather a royal name, in spite of the fact that Sundiata is referred to as Sundiata Keita in many scholarly works. At present, there is no consensus among the scholars regarding the name Sundiata Konaté. Delafosse previously proposed that, Soumaoro Kanté 's grandfather with the help of his army and
1394-402: The powerful Sosso king. At The Battle of Kirina , Sundiata and his allies defeated the Sosso king, and he became the first Emperor of the Mali Empire . He was the first of the Mandinka line of kings to adopt the royal title Mansa ( king or emperor in the Mandinka language ). The Mandinka epic does not give us dates, but Arab and North African writers who visited the area about
1435-438: The prophecy and married her. She soon gave birth to a son, Sundiata, who was unable to walk throughout most of his childhood until 7 years old (other sources say 10 years old ). After Naré Maghann Konaté's death (c. 1218 ), his first son, Dankaran Toumani Keita, assumed the throne despite Konaté's wishes that the prophecy be respected. Sundiata nonetheless overcame both his handicap and his brother's scorn to eventually defeat
1476-522: The subject of ridicule among her co-wives. She was constantly teased and ridiculed openly for her son's disability. This significantly affected Sundiata and he was determined to do everything he possibly could in order to walk like his peers. Through this determination, he one day miraculously got up and walked. Among his peers, he became a leader. His paternal half-brother, Dankaran Touman , and Dankaran's mother, Sassouma Bereté , were cruel and resentful of Sundiata and his mother. Their cruelty escalated after
1517-400: The success of Imperial Mali during the reign of Mansa Sundiata Keita. Credit to Mali's conquests cannot all be attributed to Sundiata Keita but equally shared among his generals, and in this, Tiramakhan Traore stood out as one of the elite generals and warlords of Sundiata's Imperial Mali. However, in a wider perspective of 13th century West African military history , Sundiata stood out as
1558-476: Was given a senior position within the kingdom. When King Soumaoro Kanté of Sosso conquered the Mandinka people, messengers were sent to go and look for Sogolon and her children, as Sundiata was destined to be a great leader according to prophecy. Upon finding him in Mema, they persuaded him to come back in order to liberate the Mandinkas and their homeland. On his return, he was accompanied by an army given to him by
1599-419: Was no Diara Kanté in the oral sources. That was an addition by Delafosee which was contrary to the original sources. The consensus is, in c. 1235, Sundiata who had survived one of Soumaoro's earlier raids went to war with the help of his allies against King Soumaoro of Sosso. Although a valiant warrior, Soumaoro was defeated at The Battle of Kirina (c. 1235). Soumaoro is regarded as one of the true champions of
1640-495: Was one of his followers (an attempt to distance them from their traditional African religious past). Although Sundiata was not a Muslim, it is clear that the original epic of Sundiata was later affected by what Ralph Austen calls "Islamicate" culture—that is, the integration of Islamic and Arab culture. After his victory at Kirina, Mansa Sundiata established his capital at Niani , near the present-day Malian border with Guinea . Assisted by his generals, Tiramakhan being one of
1681-477: Was reportedly run like a federation with each tribe having a chief representative at the court. The first tribes were Mandinka clans of Traore, Kamara, Koroma, Konde (or Conde ), and of course Keita. The Great Gbara Assembly was in charge of checking the Mansa's power, enforcing his edicts among their people, and selecting the successor (usually the Mansa's son, brother or sister's son). The Empire flourished from