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49-777: With the support of the Kunstmuseum Basel , a group of admirers of independent films founded the Archives cinématographiques suisses (Swiss Film Archive) in Basel in 1943. Subsequently, the Association cinémathèque suisse (Swiss Cinematheque Association) was created. The archives were transferred to Lausanne to the Cinémathèque suisse (Swiss Cinematheque), co-founded by Freddy Buache in 1948 and inaugurated by Erich von Stroheim in 1950. In precarious condition,

98-448: A copy of the DVD is ordered, and then ship it to the customer. A distributor may also maintain contact with wholesalers who sell and ship DVDs to retail outlets as well as online stores, and arrange for them to carry the DVD. The distributor may also place ads in magazines and online and send copies of the DVD to reviewers. Although there are now numerous distribution techniques, in the past

147-401: A distributor is going to distribute a movie on a physical format such as DVD, they must arrange for the creation of the artwork for the case and the face of the DVD and arrange with a DVD replicator to create a glass master to press quantities of the DVD. Some movie producers use a process called "DVD-on-demand." In DVD-on-demand, a company will burn a DVD-R (a process called "duplication") when

196-486: A non-theatrical screening are that the latter has to be to a closed audience in some way, e.g. pupils of a school, members of a social club or passengers on an airline, and that there can be no individual admission charge. Most non-theatrical screening contracts also specify that the screening must not be advertised, except within the group that is eligible to attend (e.g. in a membership organisation's newsletter or an in-flight magazine ). Non-theatrical distribution includes

245-415: A profit and eliminate failure. These new distribution methods benefited audiences that were normally too small to reach and expanded the content of television. With the new age of technology, networks accepted the fact that it was a consumer demand industry and accepted the new models of distribution. The primary distribution companies will usually receive some billing for the film. For example, Gone With

294-449: A specified time period. The latter are often purchased by pubs and students' unions , to enable them to show occasional feature films on a TV in their bars. Some distributors only handle home video distribution or some subset of home video distribution such as DVD or Blu-ray distribution. The remaining home video rights may be licensed by the producer to other distributors or the distributor may sub-license them to other distributors. If

343-404: A studio decides to partner with a native distributor, upon release both names will appear. The foreign distributor may license the film for a certain amount of time, but the studio will retain the copyright of the film. When a film is produced and distributed by an independent production company and independent distributor (meaning outside the studios), generally an international sales agent handles

392-440: A theatrical exhibitor, the distributor secures a contract stipulating the amount of the gross ticket sales the exhibitor will be allowed to retain (usually a percentage of the gross). The distributor collects the amount due, audits the exhibitor's ticket sales as necessary to ensure the gross reported by the exhibitor is accurate, secures the distributor's share of these proceeds, surrenders the exhibitor's portion to it, and transmits

441-420: A total of nearly 10,000 square meters. The original museum now houses art from the 15th century to 1950, with later works in the extension. The upper floor of the new building houses temporary exhibitions and the middle floor and part of the ground floor houses the permanent collection. In 2008, Basel rejected a restitution request for paintings by Edvard Munch, Max Beckmann, Marc Chagall and Henri Matisse from

490-502: A year in the United States alone on direct buys of advertising such as TV commercials, billboards, online banner ads, radio commercials and the like. That distributor-spending figure does not include additional costs for publicity, film trailers and promotions, which are not classified as advertising but also market films to audiences. Distributors typically enter into one of the two types of film booking contracts. The most common

539-643: A young local firm, Christ & Gantenbein, won the project. The final design is an angled building, faced with concrete bricks, and at the same height as the original museum. The new building is joined with the main building through an underpass. The new building was completed in April 2016 and its construction was funded by the Canton of Basel-Stadt and the Laurenz Foundation (Laurenz-Stiftung). The extension adds 2,750 square meters of galleries, to

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588-561: Is a person responsible for the marketing of a film . The distribution company may be the same as, or different from, the production company . Distribution deals are an important part of financing a film. The distributor may set the release date of a film and the method by which a film is to be exhibited or made available for viewing; for example, directly to the public either theatrically or for home viewing ( DVD , video-on-demand , download , television programs through broadcast syndication etc.). A distributor may do this directly, if

637-437: Is also responsible for ensuring a full line of advertising material is available for each film which it believes will help the exhibitor attract the largest possible audience, create such advertising if it is not provided by the production company, and arrange for the physical delivery of the advertising items selected by the exhibitor at intervals prior to the opening day. Film distributors spend between $ 3.5 billion and $ 4 billion

686-434: Is represented by such figures as Edvard Munch , Franz Marc , Oskar Kokoschka , Bernard Buffet and Emil Nolde . The collection also includes works from Constructivism , Dadaism and Surrealism and American art since 1950. Further highlights are the unique compilations of works from Pablo Picasso , Fernand Léger , Paul Klee , Alberto Giacometti and Marc Chagall . In the realm of more recent and contemporary art,

735-421: Is the aggregate deal where total box office revenue that a given film generates is split by a pre-determined mutually-agreed percentage between distributor and movie theater. The other method is the sliding scale deal, where the percentage of box office revenue taken by theaters declines each week of a given film's run. The sliding scale actually has two pieces that starts with a minimum amount of money that theater

784-424: Is to keep—often called "the house nut"—after which the sliding scale kicks in for revenue generated above the house nut. However, this sliding scale method is falling out of use. Whatever the method, box office revenue is usually shared roughly 50/50 between film distributors and theaters. If the distributor is handling an imported or foreign film, it may also be responsible for securing dubbing or subtitling for

833-673: The Dia Art Foundation installed Untitled (In memory of Urs Graf) by Dan Flavin in the museum's front courtyard and arcade gallery. This permanent, outdoor, installation was funded and installed by the Dia Art Foundation as its first major public work . It was subsequently gifted to the Kunstmuseum in 1980. In 1671 the city of Basel decided to make the art collection of the Amerbach cabinet accessible to

882-409: The airlines and film societies . Non-theatrical distribution is generally handled by companies that specialize in this market, of which Motion Picture Licensing Company (MPLC) and Film bank media are the two largest: Motion Picture Licensing Company Film bank media Representing the major Hollywood studios and independent producers. Home video media is sold with a licence that permits viewing in

931-576: The "most important in the world" after those of Bois d'Arcy [ National Centre for Cinema and the Moving Image ], Brussels [ Cinematek ], London [ BFI National Archive ], Moscow [ Gosfilmofond ], and Washington [ Library of Congress ]. The Swiss Federal Office of Culture has been the foundation's primary funder with the City of Lausanne and the canton of Vaud . Hervé Dumont  [ fr ; de ]

980-521: The 1960s onwards. It was the first museum focused on contemporary art at the time. In 2006, the Swiss dealer Eberhard Kornfeld donated his Rembrandt collection, including more than 100 etchings, to the Kunstmuseum Basel. More research is underway. The Kunstmuseum's current and main building was designed and constructed 1931-1936 by architects Paul Bonatz and Rudolf Christ, adjacent to

1029-677: The 19th to 21st centuries. The Kunstmuseum possesses the largest collection of works by the Holbein family. Further examples of Renaissance art include important pieces by such master artists as Konrad Witz , Hans Baldung (called Grien), Martin Schongauer , Lucas Cranach the Elder and Matthias Grünewald . The main features of the 17th and 18th centuries are the Flemish and Dutch schools (e.g. Peter Paul Rubens , Rembrandt , Jan Brueghel

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1078-848: The Bank Council of the Swiss National Bank and lawyer, became chairman of the Foundation Board of the Swiss Cinematheque on 1 July 2016, thus succeeding Marc Wehrlin. Filmmakers Jean-Luc Godard and Jean-Marie Straub were affiliated with the Swiss Cinematheque and maintained close relations with the foundation's members throughout their careers. The premises in Penthaz became the Swiss Cinematheque Research and Archiving Centre. It

1127-493: The Elder ), German and Dutch still life painting. Key works from the 19th century include the Impressionists represented by Édouard Manet , Edmond Jean de Pury , Claude Monet , Paul Gauguin , Paul Cézanne as well as the paintings by Vincent van Gogh and Switzerland's Arnold Böcklin and Ferdinand Hodler . In the 20th century, the focus is on works of Cubism with Picasso , Braque and Juan Gris . Expressionism

1176-679: The Museum moved to its current location. In 1939 a large body of work by German-Jewish artists, whose paintings were considered to be degenerate art by the Nazi regime in Germany , were acquired for the Kunstmuseum under the director George Schmidt . They are on display in the museum up to this day. In 1980 the Museum joined forces with the Museum for Contemporary Art , which displays artworks from

1225-601: The Swiss Cinematheque was located on Place de la Cathédrale  [ fr ] in Lausanne. At the time, it had no projection room. The Swiss Cinematheque was one of the first members of the International Federation of Film Archives . Claude Emery was the Swiss Cinematheque's first director until Buache held this position from 1951 to 1996. In 1981, the Cinematheque acquired and moved to

1274-461: The Wind was shown on the one sheet as "A Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Release". A modern example, Jurassic Park , would be the credit " Universal Pictures presents ...". The Universal production logo also opened the film's trailer . In some cases, there is split distribution as in the case of Titanic (1997) : " 20th Century Fox and Paramount Pictures present ...". Both companies helped to finance

1323-413: The basement of the Penthaz centre on an area of 5,300 square metres (57,000 sq ft). On average, 400 films are donated annually to the Swiss Cinematheque by filmmakers, distributors and collectors. Around 15 to 20 films are restored annually by the involvement of the Swiss Cinematheque's staff, which includes 100 professionals, 75 of whom work full-time , as of 2023. The 100 people working for

1372-464: The collection maintains substantial bodies of work by Swiss, German, Italian, and American artists, including Joseph Beuys , Andy Warhol , Jasper Johns , Georg Baselitz , A.R. Penck , Brice Marden , Bruce Nauman , Jonathan Borofsky , Roni Horn , Francesco Clemente , Mimmo Paladino , Enzo Cucchi , Martin Disler , Leiko Ikemura , Markus Raetz , Rosemarie Trockel and Robert Gober . In 1975,

1421-411: The distributor owns the theaters or film distribution networks, or through theatrical exhibitors and other sub-distributors. A limited distributor may deal only with particular products, such as DVDs or Blu-ray, or may act in a particular country or market. The primary distributor will often receive credit in the film's credits , one sheet or other marketing material. If a distributor is working with

1470-456: The exclusive right to exploit the film in various media (theatrical, TV, home entertainment, etc.) for a certain amount of time. This term, used mainly in the British film industry , describes the distribution of feature films for screening to a gathered audience, but not in theatres at which individual tickets are sold to members of the public. The defining distinctions between a theatrical and

1519-413: The film, and securing censorship or other legal or organizational "approval" for the exhibition of the film in the country/territory in which it does business, prior to approaching the exhibitors for booking. Depending on which studio that is distributing the film, the studio will either have offices around the world, by themselves or partnered with another studio, to distribute films in other countries. If

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1568-476: The former Casino of Montbenon in Lausanne to establish itself in a better environment. In 1992, the Swiss Cinematheque began to store archives in a Penthaz building. The Swiss Cinematheque has been considered "one of the ten most important cinematheques in the world" by the International Federation of Film Archives. In 1995, the collection of the Swiss Cinematheque ranked sixth among

1617-735: The former building of the Swiss National Bank in Basel. In 1980, a building beside the Rhine in the St. Alban neighborhood was added as an additional location for the museum, the Contemporary Art Museum . In 2008, the museum acquired land on the other side of Dufourstrasse and an architectural competition was held. With international star competitors, such as five Pritzker Prize laureates ( Peter Zumthor , Zaha Hadid , Rafael Moneo , Tadao Ando and Jean Nouvel ) — all pitching, eventually

1666-567: The foundation are spread over three sites: Lausanne, Penthaz and Zürich . About 50 people work at Penthaz, while the branch office is in Zürich and the seat is in Lausanne. As of 2019, the Swiss Cinematheque holds 700,000 reels, 85,000 films, 10,000 scripts , 26,000 books, 500,000 posters, 2,000 old cameras, 3 million photos and 1 million posters. It also includes quantities of documents and other Swiss and foreign cinema objects. Kunstmuseum Basel The Kunstmuseum Basel houses

1715-621: The heirs of Curt Glaser, saying "`The Kunstmuseum paid prices typical for the time and our decision was that the Washington principles do not apply in this case.'' Twelve years later, after battling against restitution, the museum reached an agreement. In 2012 the museum reached an agreement with the heirs of the painter Kazimir Malevich whose “Landscape with Red Houses” which purchased from Marlborough Fine Art Ltd Gallery in London in 1964. The settlement concerned other artworks as well. In 2020

1764-502: The home only. Until these technologies were widespread, most non-theatrical screenings were on 16 mm film prints supplied by the distributor. Today, the most common business model is for a distributor to sell the exhibitor a licence that permits the projection of a copy of the film, which the exhibitor buys separately on a home video format. These licences can either be for individual, one-off screenings, or cover an unlimited number of screenings of titles represented by that distributor for

1813-402: The licensing of international rights to the film. The international sales agent will find a local distributor in each individual international territory and license the exclusive rights to the film for a certain amount of time but in the same case as the studios described above, the production company will retain the copyright of the film. This means that this distributor in a certain territory has

1862-570: The museum refused to restitute seven artworks that had belonged to Julius Freund. The museum rejected a request made in 2022 to return a 1909 painting by Henri Rousseau The muse inspiring the poet which had been owned by Lotte von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy , a Jewish collector who was fleeing the Nazis In 2019, the Kunstmuseum had 265,000 visitors. 47°33′15″N 7°35′39″E  /  47.55417°N 7.59417°E  / 47.55417; 7.59417 Film distributor A film distributor

1911-626: The oldest public art collection in the world and is generally considered to be the most important museum of art in Switzerland . It is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance . Its lineage extends back to the Amerbach Cabinet , which included a collection of works by Hans Holbein purchased by the city of Basel and the University of Basel in 1661, which made it the first municipally owned and therefore open to

1960-455: The paintings in case of a fire. Until 1864, the museum included physical and chemical departments. In 1866, also the ethnographic and antiquarian departments were moved to another location following which the artworks received two more prominent rooms. The Gottfried Keller Foundation introduced the painting of Cows drinking in the Alps by Giovanni Segantini in 1904. The Birmann Fonds, which

2009-466: The prints' return to the distributor's office or other storage resource also on the contract-based return date. In practical terms, this includes the physical production of release prints and their shipping around the world (a process that is being replaced by digital distribution in most developed markets) as well as the creation of posters, newspaper and magazine advertisements, television commercials , trailers, and other types of ads. The distributor

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2058-461: The public museum in the world. Its collection is distinguished by an impressively wide historic span, from the early 15th century up to the immediate present. Its various areas of emphasis give it international standing as one of the most significant museums of its kind. These encompass paintings and drawings by artists active in the Upper Rhine region between 1400 and 1600, as well as the art of

2107-567: The public. The collection was exhibited in the House zur Mücke  [ de ] near the Munster of Basel and could be accessed by the public twice a week. In 1823 the public collection was joined with the before private Faesch Museum established by Remigius Faesch and in 1849 the collection moved into a larger building also near the Munster of Basel. In 1859, a new building for the museum

2156-453: The remainder to the production company (or to any other intermediary, such as a film release agent). The distributor must also ensure that enough film prints are struck to service all contracted exhibitors on the contract-based opening day , ensure their physical delivery to the theater by opening day, monitor exhibitors to make sure the film is in fact shown at the particular theatre with the minimum number of seats and show times, and ensure

2205-437: The studios and networks were slow to change and did not experiment with different distribution processes. Studios believed that new distribution methods would cause their old methods of revenue to be destroyed. With time, the development of new distribution did prove to be beneficial. The studios revenue was gained from myriad distribution windows. These windows created many opportunities in the industry and allowed networks to make

2254-658: Was established to purchase paintings of Swiss painters introduced modern painters and introduced the Lac Leman from Chebrous in 1905 and Rise in space in 1910 by Ferdinand Hodler , further The Bread by Giovanni Giacometti in 1908 and the Peasents Garden by Cuno Amiet in 1914. With the Village in Pontoise from Camille Pissarro , the first impressionist painting was introduced to the Museum in 1912. In 1936,

2303-457: Was inaugurated on 6 September 2019 in the presence of Federal Councillor Alain Berset and Vaud State Councillor Cesla Amarelle . The total cost was 50.6 million Swiss francs . Located near Lausanne, in the canton of Vaud, the 13,000 square metres (140,000 sq ft) building properly stores hundreds of thousands of film reels and posters. The archives are grouped on three levels in

2352-401: Was its director from 1996 to 2008. In the early 2000s, a project was initiated to make the Penthaz site the first federal building dedicated to cinema. Dumont was succeeded by Vinzenz Hediger  [ de ] in 2008. Frédéric Maire  [ fr ] was appointed director in 2009. In 2010, renovation and expansion work on the Penthaz building began. Jean Studer, chairman of

2401-570: Was thought of, inspired by the paintings the Swiss painter Emilie Linder had annually deposited in the museum since 1847. As a possible location the building of the Common Readers Association  [ de ] was mentioned or also a return to the House zur Mücke was considered. The museum included several other academic departments. A move was seen to give the art collection more room and also enable an efficient rescue of

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