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52-426: Sydney Metro is a fully automated rapid transit rail system in Sydney , New South Wales, Australia. It currently consists of the Metro North West & Bankstown Line , running between Tallawong and Sydenham and consisting of 21 stations on 52 km (32 mi) of twin tracks, mostly underground. The first stage of the line opened on 26 May 2019, running between Tallawong and Chatswood . This line

104-591: A Parliament of New South Wales acting as the legislature. The premier is appointed by the Governor of New South Wales , and by modern convention holds office by their ability to command the support of a majority of members of the lower house of Parliament, the Legislative Assembly . Before Federation in 1901, the term " prime minister of New South Wales " was also used. "Premier" has been used more or less exclusively from 1901, to avoid confusion with

156-683: A 12-car W7 series Shinkansen train used on the Hokuriku Shinkansen at the Hakusan General Rolling Stock Yard during 2022. The U-Bahn in Vienna was scheduled to be equipped with ATO in 2023 on the new U5 line. All lines built for the new Sydney Metro feature driverless operation without any staff in attendance. From 2012, the Toronto subway underwent signal upgrades in order to use ATO and ATC over

208-522: A French Regio 2N Class, equipped with sensors and software (fr). In 2025, regular driverless passenger services on the line from Kopidlno to Dolní Bousov will be resumed by AŽD Praha . Premier of New South Wales The premier of New South Wales is the head of government in the state of New South Wales , Australia . The Government of New South Wales follows the Westminster Parliamentary System , with

260-511: A converted portion of the Bankstown line up to Bankstown railway station . The system was officially renamed 'Sydney Metro' in June 2015 following the passage of power privatisation bills. Opposing parties warned the government that the sale of the power infrastructure may not provide the capital needed. In July 2018, Sydney Metro was established as a statutory authority , tasked with leading

312-560: A line approximately 23 km (14 mi) from St Marys to the new Bradfield Station in Badgerys Creek . It will comprise six stations and service the Western Sydney International (Nancy-Bird Walton) Airport , which is also currently under construction, upon its opening in 2026. Sydney Metro West will construct a 24 km (15 mi) new line from Westmead to a new station at Hunter Street in

364-556: A second stage of the extension will convert a section of the existing Bankstown railway line to rapid-transit standards, further extending the line to a final terminus at Bankstown . This final extension will open in 2025. Together with planned improvements to the Main Western line , the project is expected to increase capacity on the Sydney rail network by up to 60%, and allow for the movement of over 100,000 extra commuters across

416-463: A signal for these to open once it has completed the on-board checking procedure. Although described here as an ATO function, door enabling at stations is often incorporated as part of the ATP equipment because it is regarded as a "vital" system and requires the same safety validation processes as ATP. Once door operation is completed, ATO will accelerate the train to its cruising speed, allow it to coast to

468-536: Is also substantially more energy efficient . ATO was introduced on the London Underground 's Circle , District , Hammersmith & City , and Metropolitan lines by 2022. ATO is used on parts of Crossrail . Trains on the central London section of Thameslink were the first to use ATO on the UK mainline railway network with ETCS Level 2. In April 2022, JR West announced that they would test ATO on

520-483: Is currently the only line in the Sydney Metro network, linking Tallawong to Sydenham with 21 stations along a 52 km (32 mi) distance. Since July 2019, services take 37 minutes from end to end, at a frequency of every 4 minutes during peak hours and every 10 minutes at all other times. Before that, for the first few weeks after opening, the line operated once every 5 minutes during the peak hours until it

572-584: Is indicated by the Grade of Automation (GoA), up to GoA4 in which the train is automatically controlled without any staff on board. On most systems for lower grades of automation up to GoA2, there is a driver present to mitigate risks associated with failures or emergencies. Driverless automation is primarily used on automated guideway transit systems where it is easier to ensure the safety due to isolated tracks. Fully automated trains for mainline railways are an area of research. The first driverless experiments in

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624-625: Is managed by the Sydney Metro agency, under the umbrella of Transport for NSW . Services are operated by Metro Trains Sydney and integrated with the established Sydney Trains network. Its 52 km (32 mi) line also makes it the second-longest single driverless rapid transit line in the world, behind the Dubai Metro Red Line . The first proposals for a metro system in Sydney were put forward in 2001, when Co-ordinator-General of Rail Ron Christie released his "Long-term Strategic Plan for Rail" report, outlining long-term goals for

676-590: Is planned to be extended to the Airport & South Line at Macarthur and Glenfield to the south. The West line would be extended from Westmead to the Bradfield Station or Western Sydney Airport . The City & Southwest line is being planned to be extended from Bankstown to Glenfield via Liverpool , with a further potential extension to Bradfield Station via the existing South West Rail link that serves Leppington . The second phase of

728-403: Is the "non-safety" part of train operation related to station stops and starts, and indicates the stopping position for the train once the ATP has confirmed that the line is clear. The train approaches the station under clear signals, so it can do a normal run-in. When it reaches the first beacon – originally a looped cable, now usually a fixed transponder – a station brake command is received by

780-687: The NSW TrainLink Intercity network, trips involving suburban, metro and intercity services are calculated as a single fare and there is no interchange penalty. Students who use the Sydney Metro network to get to and from schools can apply for a free School Opal card. Opal is also valid on bus, ferry, and light rail services but separate fares apply for these modes. The following table lists Opal fares for reusable smartcards and single trip tickets: ^ = $ 2.50 for Senior/Pensioner cardholders As there are no return or periodical options available, reusable Opal cards include several caps to reduce

832-704: The Western Sydney Airport line and North Shore & Western lines. Previous plans have shown connections between the North West line and Western Sydney Airport line potentially occurring at either Schofields , extending both lines, or Tallawong , through extension of the Western Sydney Airport line. It will not be possible for the two lines to be connected as a single line due to incompatible train lengths and power systems; 1500V DC vs 25kV AC. The Western Sydney Airport line

884-609: The history of train automation date back to 1920s. According to the International Association of Public Transport (UITP) and the international standard IEC 62290-1 , there are five Grades of Automation (GoA) of trains. These levels correspond with the automotive SAE J3016 classification: Many modern systems are linked with automatic train protection (ATP) and, in many cases, automatic train control (ATC) where normal signaling operations such as route setting and train regulation are carried out by

936-525: The 2016 NSW Premier's Award for Building Infrastructure for the 15 km (9.3 mi) twintunnels in Bella Vista and Epping, which are currently the longest tunnels constructed in Australia. The completion of these tunnels in early 2016 marked the completion of the first stage of Sydney Metro Northwest. The NSW Premier's award recognises "infrastructure projects in the state that make a difference to

988-597: The Bays Precinct and the CBD. In March 2018, the government announced that an additional station would be built at Westmead , as well as one that connected to either of the existing stations at Concord West or North Strathfield . The 2019–2020 New South Wales state budget in June 2019 allocated funding of $ 6.4 billion over four years to the project, with construction to be fast-tracked to start in 2020. The government announced and confirmed seven station locations along

1040-437: The CBD through to Central railway station . Construction was scheduled to start in 2010, like its predecessor, but finished earlier in 2015. The CBD Metro was to have formed the "central spine" of a future metro network, with a planned West Metro extension to Westmead and Parramatta to be constructed soon after, subject to Federal funding. Reception to the plans was mixed, with Opposition leader Barry O'Farrell accusing

1092-485: The CBD, with construction starting in 2010 and finishing in 2017. The construction of the North West Metro was dependent upon the privatisation of the electricity network, but, after a change of the state's Premier in late 2008, it was cancelled due to budgetary concerns. Its replacement was the 9 km (5.6 mi), $ 4 billion CBD Metro , a shortened route running from Rozelle in the inner-west and into

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1144-622: The Domestic and International terminals of Sydney Airport , further on to Brighton-Le-Sands and then Kogarah by 2056. A Seven News documentary on the early construction of part of the Sydney Metro aired on the Seven Network in July 2016 titled World's Best Metro . A multi-part SBS documentary on the tunnelling for the metro titled Sydney's Super Tunnel aired in 2020. Automatic train operation The degree of automation

1196-579: The NSW Government. The line would have run from West Ryde in Sydney's northwest to Malabar in the southeast but did not come to fruition. In early 2008, following the shelving of various heavy rail expansion projects from the 2005 Metropolitan Rail Expansion Program (MREP), the Government officially announced the 37 km (23 mi) North West Metro . Expected to cost $ 12 billion, it would have linked Rouse Hill in Sydney's northwest with

1248-601: The Premier of "making it up as he goes along" after costings were not released until after the press conference; criticism came from the Greens because the route seemed designed to pass through marginal electoral seats. The Government's initial submission to Infrastructure Australia for funding was rejected due to "a lack of integrated planning". It was later revealed that the cost had jumped from $ 4 billion to $ 5.3 billion in six months, as well as that internal estimates showed that

1300-486: The Sydney CBD. It will comprise ten stations, serviced by fully underground twin tracks. The line will service Parramatta and Sydney Olympic Park upon opening in 2032. When all current projects are complete, the network will amount to a total of 46 stations and 113 km (70 mi) of track. The Metro North West & Bankstown Line of the Sydney Metro is Australia's only fully automated heavy rail system. It

1352-457: The Sydney Metro network. This included the following links: Sydney Metro services are operated by Metro Trains Sydney , a joint venture between MTR Corporation , John Holland Group , and UGL Rail , who will operate and maintain the network under a 15-year contract. The network is fully automated to the GoA4 level and uses CBTC signalling throughout. The Metro North West & Bankstown Line

1404-517: The carriages. In a 6-car configuration, the trains have a seating capacity of 378 people, with a total capacity of 1,100. Seating arrangements on the Alstom trains are longitudinal, following the style of most other metro trains. The trains utilise Alstom's trademark Urbalis 400 Grade-of-Automation signalling system that ensures that trains are capable of operating automatically at all times including door closing, obstacle detection and emergencies. Before

1456-527: The chance of human errors in railway operation, there have been a few notable accidents involving ATO systems: 2.47 million € 1.7 million € In October 2021, the pilot project of the "world's first automated, driverless train" on regular tracks shared with other rail traffic was launched in Hamburg , Germany. The conventional, standard-track, non-metro train technology could, according to reports, theoretically be implemented for rail transport worldwide and

1508-498: The construction of stage 1 for the next 4 years. This line will utilise a much higher voltage than that of the North West, City & Southwest lines, this time a single-phase alternating current at 25 kV 50 Hz. As such, this line will operate with a different class of rolling stock, manufactured by Siemens Mobility . The North West line is proposed to be extended to St Marys to the west via Schofields , connecting to

1560-515: The cost for frequent travellers: Construction of the first section of the Metro North West & Bankstown Line began in late 2013, linking Tallawong , in Sydney's north-western suburbs to Chatswood . The line consists of 23 km (14 mi) of new track between Rouse Hill and Epping , which includes eight new stations. At Epping, the line connects to the existing 13 km (8.1 mi) Epping to Chatswood rail link , which

1612-622: The delivery of the metro system. As of March 2021, Peter Regan is the Chief Executive of the agency. In January 2023, it was announced that the emergency exits in tunnels on the Metro West and Metro Western Sydney Airport lines will be spaced at 240 m (260 yd) where possible, matching the existing lines. In February 2023, as part of the 2023 state election campaign , the government of Dominic Perrottet announced business cases would be produced for further extensions for

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1664-402: The existing network to use the new crossing. Later, the route was extended and the name changed to Sydney Metro. In 2014, the Government announced the second harbour crossing under the name Sydney Rapid Transit , as part of the 'Rebuilding NSW' infrastructure plan funded through the sale of electricity infrastructure. The new railway would cross Sydney Harbour , tunnel beneath the CBD, and join

1716-491: The expansion of the rail network. He suggested that some "metro" lines—operationally independent from the existing network —should be constructed past 2020 due to capacity constraints. This was later dismissed by the New South Wales Government as only a "shopping list" of potential projects. The idea for a metro resurfaced in late 2007 when discussions about an underground 'Anzac Line' took place within

1768-587: The introduction of services, a full-scale model of the new train was built for use on public display, including at the annual Sydney Royal Easter Show . The trains were built at Alstom's rolling stock manufacturing facility in India, with the first six-car Sydney Metro train arriving in Rouse Hill in September 2017 to undergo testing. In February 2018, dynamic testing on the first of the trainsets began. Testing

1820-721: The line in 2019, with a further 2 stations announced in 2021. Initial work site works began in 2020, and tunnelling commenced in mid 2022. The line is expected to completed by 2032. In March 2018, the federal and state governments signed the Western Sydney City Deal and announced the development of stage 1 of the North-South Link as part of the deal. Stage 1 of the Western Sydney Airport line will operate between St Marys and Badgerys Creek Aerotropolis via Western Sydney Airport . Construction commenced in late 2020 and will be completed by 2026, coinciding with

1872-536: The local community". Construction of the extension of the Metro North West & Bankstown Line began in mid-2017, extending the line an additional 30 km (19 mi) from Chatswood on the North Shore , through the Sydney CBD and to Sydenham. The centrepiece of the project is a new twin-tunnel rail crossing under Sydney Harbour . This new section of the line opened on 19 August 2024. From Sydenham,

1924-657: The metro network. Developing plans for this extension has proven difficult, and the Sydney Morning Herald reported in February 2016 that the project may have been dropped. The South East Sydney Transport Strategy of the New South Wales government envisions a metro line starting from the CBD with stations at Green Square , Randwick , two at Maroubra , Malabar and La Perouse built by 2041, as well as another one from Randwick to Eastlakes and, via

1976-482: The metro would run at only 15% of its maximum capacity. The CBD Metro was cancelled in early 2010 after the Premier was deposed a few months before in 2009. The Government had spent almost $ 410 million on the project. The new Premier Kristina Keneally chose instead to focus on the expansion of the existing heavy rail network, including the North West Rail Link and South West Rail Link . In mid-2012,

2028-529: The network every hour. The City & Southwest extension represents the first phase of the "southern sector conversion" envisaged in Sydney's Rail Future . Sydney Metro West is a separate line between the Sydney CBD and Westmead . The line was announced as an official project in November 2016, with up to 12 stations being considered including station locations at Parramatta , Sydney Olympic Park , Five Dock ,

2080-496: The newly elected Coalition government announced Sydney's Rail Future and the NSW Transport Masterplan. Under this proposal, the North West Rail Link would be built as a single-deck, privately operated metro connecting to a future second harbour crossing . These plans received criticism on the basis that they might not have the capacity of existing double-deck trains and concerns over the inability of trains on

2132-576: The next decade. Work has been completed on sections Yonge–University line. The underground portion of Line 5 Eglinton was equipped with ATC and ATO in 2022. The underground portion will use a GoA2 system while the Eglinton Maintenance and Storage Facility will use a GoA4 system and travel driverless around the yard. The Ontario Line is proposed have a GoA4 driverless system and will open in 2030. Since March 2021, SNCF and Hauts-de-France region have begun an experimentation with

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2184-478: The next station brake command beacon and then brake into the next station, assuming no intervention by the ATP system. In 2021, the Florida Department of Transportation funded a review by scientists from Florida State University , University of Talca and Hong Kong Polytechnic University , which showed the following advantages of autonomous trains: While ATO has been proven to drastically reduce

2236-645: The opening of the airport. In the 2019–2020 federal budget in April 2019, the federal government announced a contribution of $ 3.5 billion to deliver stage 1 of the rail link. This funding includes $ 50 million towards the business case process for the North-South Rail Link and $ 61 million for the Elizabeth Drive overpass. In the 2019–2020 New South Wales state budget in June 2019, the state government announced an investment of $ 2.0 billion to begin

2288-454: The position of the train relative to the platform and which side the doors should open. Once all this is complete, the ATO will open the doors. After a set time, predetermined or varied by the control centre as required, the ATO will close the doors and automatically restart the train if the door closed proving circuit is complete. Some systems have platform screen doors as well. ATO will also provide

2340-648: The signalling system designed to allow for 2-minute headways, both of which are planned to be introduced once increased patronage demands it. Eight-car trains have a design capacity of 1,539 customers and increasing the running frequency to ultimately 30 trains per hour (2-minute headway) would provide a maximum capacity of 46,170 passengers per hour per direction. The network operates using 22 6-car Metropolis Stock trains, which are fully automated electric multiple units . Each single-deck train features two dedicated areas for prams, luggage and bicycles. There are three doorways per side per carriage and no internal doors between

2392-554: The southern sector conversion would see two of the four tracks between Sydenham and Hurstville , part of the Sydney Trains Illawarra line , converted to form part of the Sydney Metro network. This would increase rail capacity between Hurstville and the city by 10 trains per hour. Though a precise construction timeframe was not provided, the plan envisages all work being completed by 2031. The Hurstville conversion would add eight stations and 9 km (5.6 mi) to

2444-437: The system. The ATC and ATP systems will work together to maintain a train within a defined tolerance of its timetable. The combined system will marginally adjust operating parameters such as the ratio of power to coasting when moving and station dwell time in order to adhere to a defined timetable. Whereas ATP is the safety system that ensures a safe spacing between trains and provides sufficient warning as to when to stop. ATO

2496-400: The train. The on-board computer calculates the braking curve to enable it to stop at the correct point, and as the train runs in towards the platform, the curve is updated a number of times (which varies from system to system) to ensure accuracy. When the train has stopped, it verifies that its brakes are applied and checks that it has stopped within the door-enabling loops. These loops verify

2548-529: Was done on brakes, passenger information displays, lighting and door operation. The following table lists patronage figures for the network during the corresponding financial year. Major events that affected the number of journeys made or how patronage is measured are included as notes. Sydney Metro uses the Opal card ticketing system. The fare system is fully integrated with the Sydney Trains network and

2600-610: Was extended from Chatswood to Sydenham on 19 August 2024 as part of the first stage of the City & Southwest project. The second stage of the project will then further extend this line to Bankstown as part of a partial conversion of the existing Bankstown railway line with a scheduled completion in 2025. Two additional lines are also under construction, as part of the Sydney Metro West and Western Sydney Airport projects. The Western Sydney Airport project will construct

2652-562: Was increased to every 4 minutes. Services began in May 2019. For the first 6 months of operation, they were supplemented with trackwork-style rail replacement buses for late-night services from Sundays to Wednesdays. The Metro North West Line currently operates with 6-car trains running on 4-minute headways . After the addition of the Stage 2 extension to Bankstown, the stations’ platforms will be configured to allow for future use of 8-car trains and

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2704-468: Was separated from the Sydney Trains network and converted to allow the operation of single-deck autonomous trains with platform screen doors . Passengers can interchange with the existing system at both Epping and Chatswood. The first section of the line opened in May 2019. In November 2016, Sydney Metro, in particular, the John Holland Group , Dragados and Transport for NSW, were awarded

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