68-773: The Sydney Gateway is a major road interchange between the WestConnex and the airport terminals of Sydney Airport , and includes a pair of arch bridges over the Alexandra Canal and an eastbound flyover connecting Qantas Drive to the domestic terminal . It connects the Sydney Motorway network with the Sydney Airport and Port Botany precincts via the St Peters Interchange . The project provides significantly improved road links between
136-522: A direct connection to the CBD. This proved a stumbling block in securing federal funding for the project, despite the risk of a motorway direct to the city competing with existing public transport services. With a change of government in 2013 , the federal government's opposition was reversed. By November 2013, the WestConnex was divided into three stages: The scheme underwent a number of changes from
204-542: A direct route for traffic between Port Botany , Sydney Airport and South Sydney. One option considered for this scheme was a truck-only tunnel for freight access between the port and airport to north-western Sydney. The tunnel would run under Sydenham Road and connect Parramatta Road in Lewisham to the Princes Highway at St Peters. The scheme did not progress and was never placed on public display. The concept of
272-627: A powerful 'Green Bans' movement ) and a deteriorating financial situation , halted work on inner-city projects, scaled back the under-construction Eastern Suburbs railway line and eliminated a number of the Cumberland Plan's inner-city road reservations. Though Wran's decision to sell off the M4 East corridor was later criticised, the Cumberland Plan's radial concept was anyway beginning to lose relevance. The city's passenger and freight gateway had shifted 14 kilometres (8.7 mi) south of
340-614: A radial motorway network centred on Sydney's CBD. Though construction of the roads progressed slowly – by 1971 only isolated sections were complete – the Plan ensured corridors were reserved, providing property owners with certainty about future infrastructure. This changed in 1976 with the election of the Australian Labor Party under Premier Neville Wran . Wran, faced with his predecessors' ambitious infrastructure plans, inner-city opposition to motorway projects (including
408-401: A worth of $ 1.65 billion. The 2015 business case estimated that building WestConnex will enable an extra 45,000 road trips per weekday by 2031. By 2031, Infrastructure Australia estimates that the population of Sydney will have grown by an extra 1.2 million people. For the purpose of calculating benefits and costs of the scheme, tolling was considered to be "a transfer payment from
476-546: Is a position currently held by Kristy McBain . In the Government of Australia , the minister for infrastructure has overall responsibility for all of the matters falling within the Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications portfolio, including regulation, safety and funding in relation to aviation, shipping, roads and railways and policy on regional development and local government. Under
544-501: Is leased from the Federal Government . As such, the project required both state and federal planning processes. In addition to an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) as required by state planning process, a Major Development Plan (MDP) was also required before major development at a leased airport could occur. Planning approvals from both the federal and state planning ministers were also required. A combined EIS and MDP
612-673: Is the largest and longest road tunnel in Australia, with a length of 22 km. A joint project of the New South Wales and Australian Federal governments, the motorway scheme created around 33 kilometres (21 mi) motorway with 6-10 lanes between Homebush and Kingsgrove , passing underneath Inner West suburbs including Haberfield and St Peters . The first of the tunnels, the M4 East , opened to traffic in July 2019. The second of
680-555: The City of Sydney called on the government to abandon the third and final stage of the project. Works on the WestConnex are split up into three stages: The Sydney Gateway project, now separate to the WestConnex project, was initially planned to be constructed and completed at the same time as the M4–M8 extensions. The Sydney Gateway's targeted opening date has since been pushed back one year to late 2024. Stage 1 works included widening of
748-720: The Constitution of Australia the federal government was not given any specific responsibilities for transport, except for "railway construction and extension in any State with the consent of that State" (section 51(xxxiv)). In 1916 , Billy Hughes appointed Patrick Lynch as Minister for Works and Railways to administer Commonwealth Railways and the construction of the Trans-Australian Railway . In December 1928 , Stanley Bruce appointed Thomas Paterson as Minister for Markets and Transport, which included responsibility for funding road construction via grants to
SECTION 10
#1732787303093816-637: The F6 extension (now called the M6) and the M2-F3 link (later called NorthConnex). iNSW released its strategy, entitled First Things First: the state infrastructure strategy 2012–2032 , the following year. The plan identified a 33-kilometre (21 mi) motorway, which it named "WestConnex", as the state's top road priority. The creation of WestConnex was one of the major points of agreement between two competing strategic transport reports, commissioned simultaneously in 2011 by
884-668: The Harbour Bridge " and costing "in current dollars, double the Snowy Mountains Scheme ", the project has been criticised on economic, social and process grounds and has been the subject of public protest. It has faced opposition from residents, pro-public transport groups, anti-toll groups, and councillors from impacted suburbs, including the Lord Mayor of Sydney Clover Moore , and the Greens . In June 2017,
952-784: The M2 Hills Motorway at Lane Cove. From there, another tunnel would follow the alignment of Pacific Highway and join the F3 Sydney–Newcastle Freeway . In 2009, the government released the M5 Transport Corridor Feasibility Study, which investigated strategic options for improving the M5 Motorway corridor. The study identified a preliminary preferred option, being the M5 East Duplication, consisted of duplicating
1020-570: The Menzies government and Minister for Shipping and Transport in 1951. Gough Whitlam combined the transport and civil aviation portfolios in 1973, but it was re-divided with Malcolm Fraser 's appointment of Wal Fife as Minister for Aviation in 1982. Bob Hawke abolished the aviation portfolio in 1987 with the creation of the "super" departments. Since 1987, there has been a single senior transport minister in Cabinet . Other agencies and bodies
1088-591: The Port Botany railway line , within a complex stakeholder environment, with significant utility assets impacted and a heavily congested area. A 2017 proposal by Lendlease was not accepted. The railway line duplication was separately managed by the Australian Rail Track Corporation . Stages 1 and 3 then formed the remainder of the project managed by the state government. The proposed alignment passes over Sydney Airport land, which
1156-505: The domestic terminals precinct. The flyover bypasses two signalised intersections with Seventh Street and O'Riordan Street, and enables travel from Sydney's motorway network to the domestic terminals without stopping at a single traffic light. The flyover has been named Deborah Lawrie Flyover after Australia's first female commercial pilot Deborah Lawrie . Sydney Gateway is toll-free. However, WestConnex tolls still apply to traffic coming or going via St Peters Interchange, as traffic must use
1224-542: The Airport, CBD and Port Botany, whilst reducing congestion. Construction began in early 2021 and sections of the interchange were progressively opened from November 2023. The interchange opened on 1 September 2024. It was originally planned to fully open in late 2023 in conjunction with the connecting M4–M8 Link , the latter of which opened earlier in January 2023. The Sydney Gateway was constructed in conjunction with
1292-487: The CBD, with long-distance passengers increasingly arriving via Sydney Airport , not Circular Quay or Central station ; and Port Botany increasingly supplanting Sydney Harbour as the city's main shipping hub. At the same time, employment was decentralising. Retailers were clustering in new suburban shopping malls; factories were moving to less constrained greenfield sites in the outer suburbs; and many companies were moving to suburban campus-style office parks. In 1987,
1360-711: The M4 East and the M8; the Rozelle Interchange , an underground interchange at the site of Rozelle rail yards with direct connections to the Anzac Bridge ; and Iron Cove Link, a one kilometre (0.62 mi) tunnel from the Rozelle Interchange to Iron Cove Bridge bypassing the congested Victoria Road corridor. In September 2022, it was announced that the M4–M5 Link would be renamed to extensions of
1428-606: The M4 and M8 when operational. Stage 3 was officially approved in April 2018, began construction in 2019. In February 2021, roadheaders carved from the M4-M5 Link tunnels into the M8 tunnel, connecting the two stages of the WestConnex project for the first time. The main tunnels extending the M4 and M8 opened on 20 January 2023, while the rest of Stage 3 opened on 26 November 2023. Construction of Rozelle Interchange and Iron Cove Link
SECTION 20
#17327873030931496-580: The M5 East and construction of a new connection from the M5 East at Arncliffe to Euston Road, Qantas Drive and Gardeners Road. The strategic concept for the M5 East Duplication was placed on public exhibition between November 2009 and March 2010 for community and stakeholder feedback. Feedback received was used to further develop and refine the scheme to become the King Georges Road Interchange Upgrade and New M5 projects of
1564-491: The M8 and the St Peters Interchange opened two weeks later on 5 July 2020. The M5 East Motorway also became tolled when the M8 opened, after being toll-free for 19 years since its opening in 2001. Prior to the toll, WestConnex had already taken over the operations and maintenance of the M5 East tunnels on 1 May 2020. Stage 3 works include building a new motorway tunnel (formerly known as M4-M5 Link) linking
1632-818: The Minister for Cities, or any other precedent titles: The Minister for Sustainable Population was a ministerial portfolio administered through the Department of the Treasury responsible for "planning properly for the infrastructure needs, for the housing needs, for the transport needs, for the regional needs" of the Australian population of the future. Originally entitled the Minister for Population by Prime Minister Kevin Rudd , his successor, Julia Gillard , renamed
1700-575: The NSW Government, from iNSW and Transport for NSW . O'Farrell accepted the recommendation, committing $ 1.8 billion to begin work. The initial scheme called for: The tunnel from the M4 to St Peters component would provide the first step towards an inner-city bypass , which was originally planned to connect the airport to the Victoria Road corridor. Transport for NSW , which released its long-term integrated transport plan around
1768-609: The Sydney Gateway for access to and from Link Road, just east of the Twin Arch Bridge. This is the only controlled intersection along the Sydney Gateway, with the rest of the Sydney Gateway being free-flowing traffic. A 800-metre (2,600 ft) long one-way elevated flyover in the eastbound/southbound direction has also been built linking Qantas Drive towards the Sir Reginald Ansett Drive and
1836-512: The WestConnex tunnels and cannot exit the St Peters Interchange onto Euston Road or Gardeners Road. In November 2017, the project was in the design and planning phase that includes developing connections to the St Peters interchange, to Sydney Airport Terminals 1, 2 and 3, grade separation of Robey Street and O’Riordan Street in Mascot , the duplication of a 3-kilometre (1.9 mi) section of
1904-459: The WestConnex. Elected in 2011 on a promise to create an integrated transport strategy for the city, the Coalition government of Premier Barry O'Farrell established an independent advisory body, led by former premier Nick Greiner , to assess projects and determine priorities. Greiner's Infrastructure NSW (iNSW) evaluated a number of long-standing motorway proposals, including the M4 East,
1972-501: The WestConnex. Despite the M4 East and Marrickville Tunnel not eventuating, the government continued to develop the schemes. In October 2007, the government was considering a '3-in-1' tolled motorway being dubbed the Gateway. The proposal was estimated to cost at least $ 7 billion, and would be funded by a proposed retail sale of electricity. The three motorway sections that make up the proposal were: The government continued to develop
2040-423: The approaches to Anzac Bridge , causing eastbound queues to extend into the tunnels. The slot option could be constructed at a similar cost to the short tunnel, however, it was considered to not provide the same level of traffic benefits as the short tunnel option. Additionally, the option would need to acquire additional properties and the construction period for this option would be longer. Between 2003 and 2004,
2108-417: The concept recommended by iNSW in 2012, in particular to the M4-M5 Link. In late 2014, the government realigned the M4-M5 Link to accommodate a link to a future second harbour road tunnel , with a view to one day completing an inner-city bypass. This would mean a large interchange at the site of the abandoned Rozelle Rail Yards close to the Anzac Bridge . The interchange, now known as Rozelle Interchange ,
Sydney Gateway - Misplaced Pages Continue
2176-575: The cost of operations are accounted for, the total cost is forecast to be at least $ 20 billion and possibly as much as $ 45 billion. In August 2018, the NSW government sold 51 percent of WestConnex to a consortium led by Transurban for A$ 9.26 billion. The project has bipartisan political support from the coalition and Labor parties, at both a federal and state level. Described as "the biggest transport project in Sydney and Australia since
2244-523: The duplication of the nearby Port Botany railway line by the Australian Rail Track Corporation . The Sydney Gateway starts at the St Peters Interchange , the junction of the M8 Motorway and M4–M8 Link , all of which were built as part of WestConnex . Viaducts have been constructed over Canal Road, the Port Botany railway line and Tempe Lands. Further southwest, the Sydney Gateway splits into two, leading to Airport Drive and Qantas Drive towards
2312-597: The eastbound arch bridge. On 21 April 2024, the westbound arch bridge opened and westbound traffic was moved onto the new bridge. The final stage opened on 1 September 2024. The South East Sydney Transport Strategy, released by Transport for NSW in August 2020, proposed a potential extension of Sydney Gateway to Port Botany by 2056, with grade separation at General Holmes Drive , as well as ramps connecting to Canal Road. WestConnex WestConnex in Sydney , Australia
2380-705: The existing M4 Western Motorway from two or three to four lanes in each direction between Parramatta and Homebush Bay Drive ; and the M4 East, new twin three-lane motorway tunnels between Homebush and Haberfield , connecting to the City West Link . The widening of the 7.5 kilometres (4.7 mi) M4 section east of Church Street, Parramatta, began construction in March 2015 and was completed in July 2017. WestConnex tolls were introduced on this section one month later on 15 August 2017. The M4 East began construction in mid-2016 and opened on 13 July 2019. The M4 East
2448-506: The existing M4 and M5 motorways, which is being done anyway to cross-subsidise to the new tunnels. The 2015 business case predicted WestConnex will deliver $ 22.2 billion in benefits, before deducting operating expenses. These benefits were mostly non-cash, estimates of the value to users of such things as travel time saved ($ 12.9 billion) and increased travel time reliability ($ 1.47 billion) as well as reduced operating costs ($ 6.18 billion). All other factors were estimated to have
2516-533: The first Minister for Civil Aviation. In 1941 Robert Menzies re-established the transport portfolio with the appointment of Hubert Lawrence Anthony . The Curtin government was determined to establish a government shipping company, ultimately the Australian National Lines , and John Curtin appointed Jack Beasley as Minister for Supply and Development in 1941 . This position was renamed Minister for Shipping, Fuel and Transport in 1950 under
2584-461: The interchange. Additionally, Campbell Street and Campbell Road in St Peters was widened and extended eastwards over Alexandra Canal and link with Bourke Road in Mascot . A recreation parkland was built alongside the alignment of Campbell Street. The M8, St Peters Interchange, and Campbell Road works started construction in mid-2016. The Campbell Road extension and the bridge over Alexandra Canal (Campbell Road Bridge) opened on 22 June 2020, and
2652-486: The new tunnels converge near Sydney's main container port ( Port Botany ) and airport. This suggests the primary objective was to improve road freight productivity. However, smaller truck-only toll tunnels would not have been financially viable. Therefore, general use toll tunnels were proposed instead, to generate toll revenue from passenger vehicles as well. This approach was described as "suburban motorists ... paying for an inner-city freight project". A list of objectives
2720-487: The orbital, between Beverly Hills and the airport, remained contentious. Although a surface corridor had been reserved for much of the route, the Labor government of Bob Carr was anxious to minimise the surface impact. After last-minute revisions to the design, the resulting motorway, opened in 2001, was too steep for laden trucks returning from Port Botany, significantly increasing vehicle emissions and frequently overwhelming
2788-463: The planning and implementation of the WestConnex. WestConnex was also supported by the state and federal Labor parties, whether in opposition or in government. When the project was first announced in 2012, Anthony Albanese , the federal shadow infrastructure and transport minister , voiced his support of the project and announced over $ 1.2 billion in funding despite the motorway impacting on residents in his electorate of Grayndler . The funding
Sydney Gateway - Misplaced Pages Continue
2856-422: The portfolio include: The following individuals have been appointed as Minister for Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development, or any precedent titles: The following individuals have been appointed Minister for Regional Development, or any precedent titles: The following individuals have been appointed Minister for Local Government, or any precedent titles: The following individuals have served as
2924-843: The portfolio to the Minister for Sustainable Population to reflect her policy changes on the matter of population growth and the need for a sustainable future for Australia, saying the change sends a clear message about the new direction the Government is taking. After the 2010 federal election , the portfolio was subsumed by the Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities portfolio. The following individuals have been appointed as Minister for Aviation, or any precedent titles: The following individuals were appointed as Ministers for Shipping, or any precedent titles: The following individuals have been appointed as Minister for Works, or any precedent titles: Notes Since
2992-413: The preferred short tunnel option for M4 East was exhibited. The preferred option would also widen the existing motorway between Homebush Bay Drive and Concord Road. Members of the government were divided over the M4 East proposal and ultimately did not proceed with it in early 2005 due to community opposition. The preferred option eventually formed the basis of the concept design for the M4 East project of
3060-475: The project is now a separate Transport for NSW project and is no longer part of the WestConnex scope. The Sydney Gateway, which connects to the St Peters interchange, will be completed in 2024 instead. The first comprehensive plan for Sydney motorways, the Cumberland County Plan , was released by the then county council in 1948 and adopted in 1951 by the NSW Government. The Plan envisaged
3128-408: The project. Minister for Infrastructure, Transport and Regional Development The Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government in the Government of Australia is a position currently held by Catherine King following the swearing in of the full Albanese ministry on 1 June 2022. The Minister for Regional Development, Local Government and Territories
3196-590: The proposed M6 Motorway . The King Georges Road Interchange Upgrade began construction in July 2015 and was open to traffic in December 2016. The St Peters Interchange , located at the eastern end of the M8, is a viaduct road interchange that connects the WestConnex with local arterial roads such as Euston Road and Gardeners Road. It will also connect to the Sydney Gateway towards Sydney Airport . Recreational spaces are supposed to be provided surrounding
3264-481: The same time, committed to further planning work on the northern section of the bypass. iNSW estimated the benefit-cost ratio for WestConnex at "more than 1.5", noting that the removal of freight traffic from Parramatta Road could also facilitate urban regeneration along the Inner West's main road link. Focused as it was on journeys to and from the international gateways at Botany Bay, the scheme did not include
3332-608: The scheme was later developed to become the M4–M5 Link project (and later the M4–M8 extensions) of the WestConnex. In March 2007, prior to the state election later that month, The Daily Telegraph claimed the government was planning the Inner West Motorway, which was similar to the Marrickville Tunnel. It would be a tunnel which would run from St Peters underneath Enmore, Stanmore, Camperdown and Annandale to City West Link and Victoria Road. This claim
3400-413: The schemes secretly in 2009, with funding to be provided by the federal Labor government. The M4 East failed to receive funding in the 2009/10 federal budget . Also in 2004, the Marrickville Tunnel scheme between the M4 East and Mascot was being considered by the government. It was also known as Marrickville Truck Tunnel, Marrickville Motorway Tunnel or the M4 airport truck tunnel. It aimed to provide
3468-497: The states. In January 1932, this portfolio was renamed Minister for Transport, but in April 1932 it was absorbed into the new portfolio of Minister for the Interior along with the position of Minister for Works and Railways. In December 1938 , with the growth of significance of civil aviation and the commonwealth's assumption of responsibility for regulating it under international treaties, Joseph Lyons appointed Harold Thorby as
SECTION 50
#17327873030933536-620: The then Department of Main Roads released Roads 2000 , which shifted the focus of motorway planning from completing the CBD-centric radial system and addressed the growing number of cross-suburban vehicle journeys instead. The Western Motorway , now known as the M4, was completed from Lapstone to Concord in 1992. The South-Western motorway , known as the M5, reached from Prestons to Beverly Hills by 1995. The unfinished M5 East section of
3604-482: The tunnels, the M8 Motorway , opened to traffic a year later in July 2020. The third of the tunnels which extend the M4 and M8 opened to traffic in January 2023. The final component of the scheme, the Rozelle Interchange , opened to traffic in November 2023. The forecast cost of WestConnex has grown from A$ 10 billion to over $ 45 billion. Once land acquisitions, network extensions development costs and
3672-410: The user to operator", the benefit to the operator is considered to cancel out the disbenefit to the user, and as such, tolling has a "neutral effect on overall benefits and costs". WestConnex was supported by the state and the federal Liberal Party governments, including former Premier Gladys Berejiklian and former Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull . Both levels of government continually funded
3740-437: The ventilation system. The Labor government proposed a number of schemes in the 2000s. In July 2002, the M4 East scheme was proposed with three options: All three options would run below or parallel to Parramatta Road and/or City West Link. The short tunnel option was preferred for having lower costs both during construction and operation. The long tunnel option was considered to have the potential to increase congestion on
3808-460: The west and east respectively. A section of Airport Drive had been closed permanently and traffic between the international and domestic terminals is accessed via Sydney Gateway. A pair of arch bridges has been constructed over the Alexandra Canal for the realigned traffic, and has been referred to as Twin Arch Bridge by the state government. A single traffic light is also located along
3876-422: The westbound direction including a widened Qantas Drive and the westbound arch bridge. The last and fourth stage would be the connection to WestConnex and St Peters Interchange, and new pedestrian and cycling paths. The second stage opened first on 12 November 2023, while the first stage opened a week later on 19 November. On 11 February 2024, the westbound traffic was diverted via Sydney Gateway and temporarily via
3944-510: Was also on the condition that no tolls were placed on old parts of the road (referring to the existing M4 and M5 East). Prior to the 2016 federal election , federal Labor and opposition leader Bill Shorten also promised that if elected, he would honour the $ 3.5 billion federal funding commitment made by the Turnbull government . Former state Labor leaders and opposition leaders Luke Foley and Michael Daley have also both voiced support of
4012-418: Was also proposed to be modified to an overpass, with changes to surrounding pedestrian and cycling links and the layouts of surrounding intersections. The modification was approved on 30 September 2020. The strategic objectives that the scheme was originally conceived to address have never been made public. The initial application for federal funding was made under the 'National Freight Network' category, and
4080-557: Was also removed. On 17 November 2016, it was confirmed that the mid-tunnel point would be in "the 'triangle area' bordered by Parramatta Road, Pyrmont Bridge Road and Mallet Street". Stub tunnels were added to the New M5 to connect to a proposed F6 extension to the St George and Sutherland Shire areas. The proposed F6 extension is now known as M6 Motorway . In August 2019, the right turn from The Crescent northbound to eastbound
4148-493: Was announced in November 2020 that the project was behind schedule and completion of the project would be delayed until 2024. In mid-2023, it was announced that the Sydney Gateway would be open in stages. The first stage would be the eastbound direction including the eastbound arch bridge and the traffic light connection to Link Road. The second stage would be the flyover from Qantas Drive to the domestic terminal buildings (later named Deborah Lawrie Flyover). The third stage would be
SECTION 60
#17327873030934216-454: Was awarded the design and construction contract. Construction began in early 2021. In August 2021, the project's Construction Environment Management Plan was approved by the state Department of Planning, Industry & Environment , allowing construction work to be started on state land. The Sydney Gateway was originally planned to open in late 2023, together with the M4–M8 Link . However, it
4284-400: Was delivered by a Leighton Contractors , Samsung and John Holland joint venture. Stage 2 works included upgrading the existing M5 interchange at King Georges Road , and building the new M8 Motorway , a new set of tunnels between the M5 at Beverly Hills and St Peters . The M8, known as the New M5 during the planning and construction, was also designed to allow for future connection to
4352-464: Was directly managed by Transport for NSW instead of WestConnex. The Rozelle Interchange was built to have future provision for the proposed Western Harbour Tunnel . Unlike the bulk of the WestConnex projects, the Iron Cove Link is toll-free. Stage 3 forms the southern section of an eventual Inner West bypass of Sydney's CBD. This stage also originally included Sydney Gateway , however
4420-497: Was dismissed by the government. In 2010, a report by consultancy Evans & Peck proposed the Inner West Bypass which followed a similar route. The bypass was estimated to have a $ 12 billion price tag, and would require four to five ventilation stacks. Under the proposal, the bypass would connect to another tunnel that would follow the alignments of Victoria Road and the cancelled Lane Cove Valley Expressway , joining
4488-493: Was included in the 2015 Business Case. However, the Business Case and list of objectives were written retrospectively, long after state and federal funding for the project was announced. Infrastructure Australia criticised the NSW Government for not adequately appraising alternative ways of meeting the project objectives. For example, road freight productivity could be improved, and congestion reduced, simply by tolling
4556-574: Was later moved underground with a large park to be built above the interchange. Additionally, a tunnel under Rozelle was added to bypass the congested Victoria Road corridor and connect with the Rozelle Yard interchange. On 9 November 2016, a new route for the M4-M5 Link took it under Annandale and the Hunter Baillie Memorial Presbyterian Church . An interchange with Parramatta Road at Camperdown
4624-399: Was released for exhibition on 20 November 2019. The project was approved by the state planning minister on 27 August 2020. The project was approved by the federal planning minister on 23 September 2020. Expressions of interest to construct the Sydney Gateway commenced in July 2019. In October 2019, three bidders were shortlisted: In November 2020, the John Holland Seymour Whyte joint venture
#92907