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Port of Vancouver

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The Port of Vancouver is the largest port in Canada and the fourth largest in North America by tonnes of cargo, facilitating trade between Canada and more than 170 world economies. The port is managed by the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority , which was created in 2008 as an amalgamation of the former Port of Vancouver , the North Fraser Port Authority, and the Fraser River Port Authority. It is the principal authority for shipping and port -related land and sea use in the Metro Vancouver region.

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67-919: Prior to the formation of the new authority, there were three separate port authorities in the Metro Vancouver region: the Port of Vancouver , which was the largest port in Canada ; the Fraser River Port Authority ; and the North Fraser Port Authority. The Vancouver Port Authority was responsible for the Port of Vancouver , which was the largest port in Canada and the Pacific Northwest . The port had 25 major terminals. The port first began operations with

134-514: A "certificate of intent to amalgamate port authorities". On December 21, 2007, the government of Canada published a certificate of amalgamation that allowed the three port authorities to merge into one effective January 1, 2008. The resulting entity became known as Port Metro Vancouver . Since 2013, the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority also merged with Canada Place Corporation, which formerly operated Canada Place as

201-616: A Regional Context Statement to "demonstrate to the Metro Vancouver Board how its Official Community Plan Supports the RGS." The five goals of the RGS are to: Regional planning also includes planning and policy-making in agriculture and the food industry. The organization is committed to the goals and strategies in the Regional Food System Strategy, as approved by the board. The goals are to: In 2018,

268-541: A change of 7.3% from its 2016 population of 2,463,431 . With a land area of 2,878.93 km (1,111.56 sq mi), it had a population density of 918.0/km (2,377.6/sq mi) in 2021. The Metro Vancouver Regional District is the densest and most populous regional district in British Columbia, and the second-densest and second-most populous census division in Canada behind Toronto . Metro Vancouver technically comprises four separate corporate entities:

335-661: A container ship that was destined for Australia at the Deltaport. German noted that the drug seizures represented only a small fraction of the drugs that were either shipped out or shipped in. German told Ganddev and Brockman: "Of great concern is the reality that Canada, once a source country for marijuana, nicknamed ‘B.C. bud,’ is now producing deadly drugs for export". 49°17′17″N 123°06′46″W  /  49.28795°N 123.11267°W  / 49.28795; -123.11267 Metro Vancouver The Metro Vancouver Regional District ( MVRD ), or simply Metro Vancouver ,

402-506: A high volume of legitimate cargo coming out to transship illicit goods. We see cartels, particularly from Mexico, moving drugs to countries like Canada for that reason". Assistant Commissioner Mike Pannett of the Australian Federal Police told Bolan that: "Vancouver port is a significant location for us as far as importation of drugs and transshipment of drugs. We see transshipments through a whole lot of ports. Vancouver

469-675: A regional district for this western portion of the Lower Mainland named the Regional District of Fraser-Burrard on 29 June 1967. Just under a year later, the regional district was renamed as the Greater Vancouver Regional District (GVRD) on 13 June 1968. In 2007, the GVRD applied to change its official legal name a second time to simply "Metro Vancouver", which was deemed more recognizable at

536-615: A serious concern that could be best addressed by restoring the Canada Ports Police. On 23 August 2024, the city of Delta passed a resolution asking for the federal and provincial governments to reestablish the Ports Police under the grounds that smuggling at the Deltaport was rampant. George Harvie , the mayor of Delta, stated to the journalists Srushti Gangdev and Charles Brockman: "It’s no surprise we’re having such vast quantities coming in, because it’s very low risk for

603-413: A subsidiary of Port of Vancouver. On April 6, 2016, the port authority dropped "Port Metro Vancouver" from its branding and re-adopted "Port of Vancouver" to refer to Vancouver's port, while using "Vancouver Fraser Port Authority" when referencing activities or decisions of the port authority. The Port of Vancouver is managed by the Vancouver Fraser Port Authority, formerly called Port Metro Vancouver. It

670-550: Is Vancouver , and Metro Vancouver's administrative offices are located in the city of Burnaby . The MVRD's boundaries match those of the Vancouver census metropolitan area (CMA) as identified by Statistics Canada . The Greater Vancouver Water District and the Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District were established in 1924 and 1956 respectively. The Government of British Columbia incorporated

737-701: Is a Canadian political subdivision and corporate entity representing the metropolitan area of Greater Vancouver , designated by provincial legislation as one of the 28 regional districts in British Columbia . The organization was known as the Regional District of Fraser–Burrard for nearly one year upon incorporating in 1967, and as the Greater Vancouver Regional District ( GVRD ) from 1968 to 2017. Metro Vancouver borders Whatcom County, Washington , to

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804-486: Is committed to the goals and strategies in the Regional Parks Plan, as approved by the board. The four goals are to: Regional parks are distinct from municipal parks in that they are typically more "wild" and represent unique geographical zones within the region, such as bogs and mature rainforests . Regional economic prosperity is a service of Metro Vancouver organized to advance a shared prosperity in

871-476: Is corrupt as the reported concluded: "To facilitate their smuggling activities, OCGs [organized crime groups] are involved in the corruption of port workers, and have embedded members and associates within port facilities by way of legitimate employment... That it is certain that organized crime groups and transnational criminal organizations will continue to exploit vulnerabilities at B.C.’s marine ports to facilitate smuggling both into and out of Canada (emphasis in

938-468: Is determined by population, and the number of votes allocated to each director further helps proportionally represent the population distribution of the region. Each board director is also an elected official of one of the local authorities, with the exception of the elected representative for Electoral Area A (which has no council). As of 2017, the organization had about 1,500 employees. The current organizational structure shows ten departments reporting to

1005-571: Is expected to triple by the year 2030. The program consists of projects that both improve the efficiency of existing infrastructure and explore opportunities to build new infrastructure as demand rises. CCIP projects include the Deltaport Terminal Road and Rail Improvement Project (DTRRIP) and the proposed Roberts Bank Terminal 2 project. DTTRIP will result in infrastructure upgrades that would increase Deltaport's container capacity by 600,000 TEUs (twenty-foot equivalent units), within

1072-555: Is maintained by Transport Canada , which documents, among other things, the land transactions of the various Port Authorities. The equivalent phrase to the English "Port Authority" is the French Administration Portuaire , so that one would perform an online search for "Administration Portuaire de Saguenay" or other Quebec emplacements. A list of board member appointments to port authorities can be found at

1139-597: Is one of the bigger ones obviously". Michael Outram, the commissioner of the Australian Border Force stated: "Our per capita drug-consumption rate is amongst the highest in the world. And we also pay very high prices in Australia compared to a lot of other countries. So that makes, unfortunately, the illicit drug market in Australia very lucrative for organized crime and transnational organized crime. We’ve seen some high numbers of detections and seizures at

1206-570: Is provided by four legal entities that operate under the name Metro Vancouver: the GVWD, the GVS&;DD, the MVRD and MVHC. They collectively serve 2.8 million residents in the region and provide 1.5 billion litres (400,000,000 US gal) of water during peak summer days. The GVWD provides tap water to a land area covering more than 2,600 km² with all of the water coming from three sources:

1273-675: Is the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The number of directors of the housing corporation is 13. Metro Vancouver works in collaboration with its members to achieve a shared vision of livability across the generations, as laid out in the Regional Growth Strategy (RGS), which was approved by the board in 2011, replacing the Livable Region Strategic Plan (LRSP). The RGS requires each member local authority to provide

1340-833: The Capilano reservoir , the Seymour reservoir and the Coquitlam reservoir . Metro Vancouver controls the Cleveland Dam on the Capilano reservoir, which supplies 40 percent of the district's water. The system includes 26 storage tanks, 19 pump stations, and 520 kilometres (320 mi) of water mains . Metro Vancouver operates and maintains the liquid waste facility, which includes managing "the network of trunk sewers, pumping stations and wastewater treatment plants that connect with municipal sewer systems". Throughout operations,

1407-642: The Department of Transport . An exception was made for the port facilities at Churchill, Manitoba , North America's only port on the Arctic Ocean connected to the North American Railroad grid . The Port of Sydney, Nova Scotia , is also not part of this system. The Welland Canal , which is part of the St. Lawrence Seaway , falls to Fisheries and Oceans Canada , and is regulated under

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1474-696: The Fishing and Recreational Harbours Act (R.S., 1985, c. F-24). Port Dalhousie is subject to the Fishing and Recreational Harbours Regulations , while Port Colborne falls under the Ontario Fishery Regulations . Responsibility for the construction and operation of canals had been given to the Department of Public Works at the time of Canadian Confederation , with the canals of the Province of Canada having been previously operated by that colony's Department of Public Works. Since 1995,

1541-641: The Minister of Public Services and Procurement , formerly the Minister of Public Works and Government Services, has taken care of these affairs. A vestigial reminder of the past is that the Ottawa River , which once was an important part of the economy with for example the Ottawa River timber trade , and "all canals or other cuttings for facilitating such navigation, and all dams, slides, piers, booms, embankments and other works of what kind or nature soever in

1608-579: The Pilotage Act and amending and repealing other Acts as a consequence." The Act designated 19 ports as economically significant. Each of those ports was to have a port authority created for it. The Act made provisions to allow additional ports to have port authorities created to oversee their operation. The Act downloaded the mandate to oversee the operation of 150 smaller ports to the provinces or municipalities in which they were contained. Thirty-four remote ports remain under direct supervision by

1675-586: The State of Washington and is bisected by the Fraser River . The boundaries of the MVRD match those of the Vancouver CMA. This regional district comprises 23 local authorities as members: 21 municipalities, one electoral area and one treaty First Nation. Electoral Area A comprises all unincorporated land within the regional district boundaries, which totals about 818 square kilometres. Most of

1742-749: The Vancouver police stated in 2014: "Vancouver is an international hub for distribution to Southeast Asia and other countries across the water, where as you know the prices are significantly higher". Andy Smith, the president of the British Columbia Maritime Employers' Association , stated in May 2015 about the employment of Hells Angels at the port: "Yes, we are aware of who they are. They make no secret of it". A number of high-profile Hells Angels such as Larry Amero, Vince Brienza, Norm Krogstad, John Bryce, and Gino Zumpano have worked at

1809-530: The Chief Administrative Officer: Human Resources & Corporate Services; External Relations; Financial Services; Legal Services & Aboriginal Relations; Board & Information Services; Liquid Waste Services; Parks & Housing Services; Planning & Environment; Solid Waste Services; and Water Services. The principal function of Metro Vancouver is to administer resources and services which are common across

1876-504: The Corporate Climate Action Plan, the purpose of which is to, "set out strategies and actions to achieve Metro Vancouver's commitment to corporate carbon neutrality and to adapt [its] corporate infrastructure and activities to the anticipated consequences of climate change ." The strategies of the plan are to: Canada Marine Act The Canada Marine Act ( CMA ; French : Loi maritime du Canada )

1943-534: The Fraser Surrey port. Bell stated of the way that a senior foreman and a Hells Angel suddenly took a demotion to work as a junior foreman at the Fraser Surrey port: "It stinks. It sends alarm bells off to use; we knew something was going on". In September 2010, a government report stated: "“The presence of numerous members of organized crime groups (OCGs) as dockside employees of the Port of Vancouver, coupled with

2010-701: The Fraser, and at Port Mann , beneath the south foot of the Port Mann Bridge . Metro Vancouver owns and manages housing complexes throughout the region via the Metro Vancouver Housing Corporation (MVHC); it also forms policy on homelessness and affordable housing for the region. The MVHC's board-approved goals, as outlined in the Affordable Housing Strategy, are to: The MVHC's sole shareholder

2077-519: The Hells Angel control not only the waterfront, but also the trucking, maintenance, laundry and garbage services at the port of Vancouver. Bell stated "We see a gathering of players when a certain vessel arrives". Bell noted that a ship came in from Asia in the summer of 2002 at the Fraser Surrey port, a number of Hells Angels who worked as foremen at the Delta and Vancouver ports suddenly moved over to

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2144-596: The Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD), the Greater Vancouver Sewerage and Drainage District (GVS&DD), the Greater Vancouver Water District (GVWD) and the Metro Vancouver Housing Corporation (MVHC). Each of these is governed by a board of directors. The board of the MVRD has 40 directors coming from the 23 local authorities who are MVRD members. The number of directors coming from each local authority

2211-574: The Port of Vancouver was the fourth largest port by tonnage in the Americas, 29th in the world in terms of total cargo and 44th in the world by container traffic. The port enables the trade of approximately $ 240 billion in goods. Port activities sustain 115,300 jobs, $ 7 billion in wages, and $ 11.9 billion in GDP across Canada. The Container Capacity Improvement Program (CCIP) is the port's long-term strategy to meet anticipated growth in container traffic, which

2278-538: The Port of Vancouver, which was already nearing capacity. Some critics opposed the possible merger as they felt the new authority would not recognize the unique concerns of the Fraser River . To increase the efficiency of the ports of Metro Vancouver , the federal Minister of Transport permitted the three authorities to study the benefits of amalgamating in June 2006. The resulting report highlighted several benefits of amalgamation, and on June 16, Transport Canada granted

2345-617: The Solicitor-General of British Columbia, asked the federal government of Justin Trudeau to restore the Canada Ports Police, stating the "ports are a porous sieve for a lot of criminal activity that is taking place in this country, and we need to be doing a far better job of getting a handle on it than we have been to date". Farnworth stated that the way that Hells Angels control the port of Vancouver to smuggle drugs into Canada and out to nations such as Australia and New Zealand were

2412-815: The ability to access the port by members of OCGs employed in the trucking industry creates a high-risk for smuggling at the port." A Transport Canada report in 2012 stated that the a number of Mexican cartels such as the Sinaloa Cartel , Los Zetas , the Knights Templar Cartel and the South Pacific Cartel are smuggling cocaine into Canada via the port of Vancouver. The port of Vancouver is used to smuggle cocaine, methamphetamine, and heroin into Canada while also being used to smuggle cocaine and methamphetamine into Australia, New Zealand, and Southeast Asia. Superintendent Mike Porteous of

2479-417: The area is in the northernmost part of the district, including residential areas and isolated dwellings on Howe Sound between Lions Bay and Horseshoe Bay, on Indian Arm to the north of Deep Cove and Belcarra/Anmore and on the west side of Pitt Lake to the north of Port Coquitlam. Other areas included are Barnston Island on the Fraser River , Passage Island between Bowen Island and West Vancouver, and finally

2546-550: The border". In Australia, one kilogram of methamphetamine sells for $ 200,000 Australian dollars ($ 180, 000 Canadian dollars) while in Canada one kilogram of methamphetamine sells between $ 3, 500-$ 4, 000 Canadian dollars. The Canadian Hells Angels have identified as key figures in smuggling drugs into Australia via the port of Vancouver along with the Australian Comanchero gang who distribute the drugs once they arrived in Australia. In January 2024, Mike Farnworth ,

2613-548: The cargo ship Ever Summit crashed into a crane. There was no death or injuries. The port of Vancouver is controlled by the East End Vancouver chapter of the Hells Angels . In August 1994, a report co-written by Mike Toddington and Gary Fotia of the Canada Ports Police stated: "The Hells Angels have extensively infiltrated the operations of the port. Angels are among the first to board arriving ships. They unload

2680-511: The cartels and the gangs that are shipping these products into our country; there’s very little risk for them to be actually caught". Peter German, an expert on money laundering stated for all of the year 2020 106 kilograms of methamphetamines worth $ 13.5 million were seized by officials at the Deltaport . By contrast, German noted that in 2023 one shipment of 6,330 kilograms of methamphetamine worth $ 1.5 billion dollars were seized by officials on

2747-617: The channel or waters" is wholly governed under this Ministry's An Act respecting certain works on the Ottawa River . Most of the other heritage waterways of Ontario and a few in Quebec are governed by Parks Canada under the guidance of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change . The Act is, from time to time, supplemented by regulations and letters patent published in the Canada Gazette . A list of recent publications

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2814-452: The containers anywhere they want". In July 1997, the government of Jean Chretien abolished the Canada Ports Police and replaced the ports police with private security guards. The private security guards were and are paid low wages, which saved money as compared to the salaries of the Ports Police, but also made them open to corruption. Furthermore, the private security guards had no weapons, no powers of arrest, and no powers of investigation with

2881-501: The district of Mission , located to the east, although often linked to Vancouver in promotions and tourism, are part of a separate regional district, the Fraser Valley Regional District . As a census division in the 2021 Canadian census conducted by Statistics Canada , the Metro Vancouver Regional District had a population of 2,642,825 living in 1,043,319 of its 1,104,532 total private dwellings,

2948-555: The environment with respect to air quality, improve visual air quality and minimize the region's contribution to climate change . The organization is committed to the goals and strategies in the Integrated Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Management Plan, as approved by the board. The three goals are to: The parks department of Metro Vancouver oversees the development and maintenance of 23 regional parks, as well as various nature reserves and greenways. The organization

3015-814: The goals and strategies in the Integrated Solid Waste and Resource Management plan, as approved by the board. The four goals are to: One initiative of the organization was the Ashcroft Manor Ranch Mega- Landfill Proposal in Ashcroft, British Columbia , in the Thompson Country of the British Columbia Interior , as there is no more room in the Lower Mainland for Metro Vancouver's garbage. A similar project nearby adjacent to

3082-576: The goods, place them for storage, load them onto trucks and prepare the necessary documents for shipping". Local 502 of the International Longshore and Warehouse Union (ILWU) was "littered with members and associates of the Angels. They are placed in key positions that enable them to commit crimes". In 1994, ten "full patch" Hells Angels worked at the port of Vancouver along with at least 30 people with Hells Angels associations. John Bryce,

3149-697: The largest auto port in Canada. The North Fraser Port Authority was incorporated in 1913 as the North Fraser Harbour Commissioners. It was the smallest of the three ports and was located on the north arm of the Fraser River from the University of British Columbia to New Westminster . The traffic of the port mainly consisted of logs and wood fibre. The port covered around 920 hectares of land and water lots and it handled nearly 18 million tonnes of cargo in 2004. Although

3216-700: The main arm of the river eastward to the Fraser Valley at Kanaka Creek , and north along the Pitt River to Pitt Lake . The Port's jurisdiction encompassed 270 kilometres of shoreline that border nine different municipalities in the Lower Mainland . In 2007, the port handled 36 million tonnes of cargo, 191,000 TEUs of containerized cargo, and 573 cargo vessels. The cargo at the port consisted of logs, cement, general cargo, steel, and automobiles. Its tenants included several large auto ports, making it

3283-559: The metropolitan area. The Metro Vancouver Board has defined its strategic priorities for 2015 through 2018 in its Board Strategic Plan. The organization categorizes its work into action areas as described in the following subsections. However, 84% of the organization's budget is spent in three of those areas – the three utilities (water, liquid waste, solid waste). Metro Vancouver's commitments and its members' commitments to each action area are outlined in eight board-approved management plans as referenced below. Metro Vancouver's tap water

3350-405: The official legal name of the regional district, the GVRD moved in 2016 to change its name to the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The regional district was therefore formally renamed a second time by the Government of British Columbia on 30 January 2017 to the Metro Vancouver Regional District. The Metro Vancouver Regional District (MVRD) is located east of the Strait of Georgia and north of

3417-451: The opening of Ballantyne Pier in 1923. In 2005/2006, the port handled 79.4 million tonnes of cargo, 1.8 million containers, 910,172 cruise passengers, and 2,677 foreign vessels. The authority was responsible for 233 km of coastline from Vancouver to the Canada–United States border . The Fraser River Port Authority was created in 1913 to manage ports along the Fraser River . It was the second largest port in Vancouver and extended along

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3484-411: The organization is committed to protecting public health and the environment, and recovering as much resources (energy, nutrients, etc.) as possible out of the waste stream. The liquid waste utility is committed to the goals and strategies in the Integrated Liquid Waste and Resource Management plan, as approved by the board. The three goals are to: Metro Vancouver's solid waste utility is committed to

3551-415: The organization's board also adopted the Ecological Health Framework, which encapsulates Metro Vancouver’s collective efforts around ecological health and provides guiding principles, goals, and strategies to help achieve the vision of a "beautiful, healthy, and resilient environment for current and future generations." The goals are: The organization runs programs and set policy to protect public health and

3618-406: The original)". Australian officials have complained that most of the cocaine and methamphetamine in Australia comes from the port of Vancouver. Commander Clint Sims of the Australian Border Force told Kim Bolan , the crime correspondent of The Vancouver Sun that gangsters': "...tend to use some of the more trusted countries, if you like, that have good reputations around the world and also have

3685-401: The port of Vancouver. The hiring of workers at the port is controlled by the ILWU and the B.C. Maritime Employers' Association is merely responsible for training workers sponsored by current members of the ILWU. Several people on the executive board of local 502 of the ILWU have criminal records or ties to organized crime. A report by Transport Canada in April 2017 stated that Port of Vancouver

3752-502: The ports were financially self-sufficient, the federal legislation governing the authorities generated some inefficiency because the legally separate port authorities were forced to compete with each other economically for business. This came to the attention of the local media in 2006 when it was found that the recently expanded Fraser Surrey Docks, operated by the Fraser River Port Authority in New Westminster , were sitting idle after their principal shipping partner, CP Ships , relocated to

3819-428: The president of the East End chapter, was a full time employee of the Port of Vancouver as was Robert Robinson and Al Debruyn of the White Rock chapter. Fotia told the journalists Julian Sher and William Marsden: "They're [the Hells Angels] in key positions to have anything moved to where they want it to be moved". Toddington noted that a number of the Hells Angels worked as foremen and that "you could have people putting

3886-565: The region. The service is structured around three functions: fostering collaboration, conducting regional data collection and research, and attracting investment. Metro Vancouver undertakes support functions that underpin the rest of its service areas. In these areas, the organization commits to "contribute to the effective and efficient performance of our regional roles through leadership and collaboration with our members and other stakeholders." There are eight strategic directions guiding work in this area: The organization's board has also adopted

3953-510: The respective individual Governor in Council Appointments web pages of each organisation. The Minister of Transport alone appoints the chair of the board, while in consultation with the minister, the remaining board members are selected by users of the port. A user is determined as specified under the legislation, and cannot include city councillors, civil servants or directors of port customers. Each authority by now should have its own domain name website, at which can most likely be found copies of

4020-427: The security guards required to report to the local police forces if they saw anything suspicious on the docks. The decision to disband the Canada Ports Police to save $ 11 million per year has been widely condemned by the police chiefs in port cities as marking the effective end of any effort to stop drug smuggling. Peter Bell, the senior strategic intelligence analyst for the B.C. Organized Crime Agency stated in 2003 that

4087-413: The south, the Fraser Valley Regional District to the east, the Squamish-Lillooet Regional District to the north, and the Nanaimo Regional District and Cowichan Valley Regional District across the Strait of Georgia to the west. The MVRD is under the direction of 23 local authorities and delivers regional services, sets policy and acts as a political forum. The regional district's most populous city

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4154-400: The terminal's existing footprint. The Roberts Bank Terminal 2 project is a proposed marine container terminal that could provide an additional capacity of 2.4 million TEUs per year to meet forecasted demand until 2030. Port of Vancouver offers 30 deep-sea and domestic marine terminals that service five business sectors: automobiles, break-bulk, bulk, containers, and cruise. In January 2019,

4221-408: The time. British Columbia's Minister of Community Services denied the application due to the absence of the term "regional district" within the proposed new name, though it was suggested that the GVRD could brand itself under the unofficial name of Metro Vancouver. After nine years, with growing public recognition of Metro Vancouver, the overall success of the brand, and confusion between the brand and

4288-412: The town of Cache Creek, British Columbia has almost reached capacity. Environmental concerns about the area's sensitive shrub–steppe climate and ecology are strong, while Highland Valley Copper , near Logan Lake , has offered the use of its mine-pit instead. Other MVRD landfill locations serving the regional district in the past have been in the Fraser Mills area, between the Trans-Canada Highway and

4355-413: The urban communities of the University of British Columbia and the University Endowment Lands , in which 98% of the population of Electoral Area A lives. There are also seventeen Indian reserves within the geographical area that are not subject to governance by local authorities or the regional district; they have a combined population of 7,550 (2006). The cities of Abbotsford and Chilliwack and

4422-540: Was created with the responsibility for the stewardship of the federal port lands in and around Vancouver, British Columbia. It was created as a financially self-sufficient company that is accountable to the federal minister of transport and operates pursuant to the Canada Marine Act . The port authority and port terminals and tenants are responsible for the efficient and reliable movement of goods and passengers, integrating environmental, social and economic sustainability initiatives into all areas of port operations. In 2014,

4489-513: Was passed in 1998 under the stewardship of David Collenette , who was Canada's Minister of Transport at that time. It was intended to modernize Canada's most important ports and make "the system of Canadian ports competitive, efficient and commercially oriented, providing for the establishing of port authorities and the divesting of certain harbours and ports, for the commercialization of the St. Lawrence Seaway and ferry services and other matters related to maritime trade and transport and amending

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