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44-617: Port Shelter , known in Cantonese as Ngau Mei Hoi ( Chinese : 牛尾海 ; Jyutping : ngau4 mei5 hoi2 ; Cantonese Yale : ngàuh méih hói ), is a harbour south of Sai Kung Peninsula in Hong Kong . The water body connects to Inner Port Shelter (known in Cantonese as Sai Kung Hoi ; Chinese : 西貢海 ; Jyutping : sai1 gung3 hoi2 ; Cantonese Yale : sāi gung hói ), as well as Hebe Haven ( 白沙灣 ), Rocky Harbour ( 糧船灣海 ) and other water body. Outer Port Shelter ,

88-568: A border definition of the area, which their Port Shelter includes Port Shelter proper, Inner and Outer Port Shelter as well as Hebe Haven, and is a bay that "bordered on its northernside by the Sai Kung Peninsula and on its west and southwestern sides by the Clear Water Bay Peninsula". They also found out that, some data point of their research, are obviously influenced by surface runoff and pollution loading from

132-509: A certain extent in South Korea , remain virtually identical to traditional characters, with variations between the two forms largely stylistic. There has historically been a debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters . Because the simplifications are fairly systematic, it is possible to convert computer-encoded characters between the two sets, with the main issue being ambiguities in simplified representations resulting from

176-748: A no-take zone. Their definition of Port Shelter was excluding Hebe Haven, Outer Port Shelter and part of Inner Port Shelter, with a size of 2,500 hectares (6,200 acres). Port Shelter, Inner Port Shelter, along with Rocky Harbours were also included in a proposed fisheries protection area in the 2000s, while Outer Port Shelter was listed as a no-take zone. In the Schedule 2 of the Merchant Shipping (Certification and Licensing) Regulation (Chapter 548D of H.K. Law), they defined Port Shelter, in Specified Sheltered Waters context. For

220-717: A report to the UK government in 1898 by James Stewart Lockhart , shortly after the signing of the Convention for the Extension of Hong Kong Territory . It stated the harbour is a deep water port that suitable for ships in any size. The Convention ceded Port Shelter and other areas that collectively known as the New Territories and New Kowloon , to the British Empire, as an extension of the colony of Hong Kong . In

264-404: A straight line drawn true east to the shore of Kau Sai Chau at position 22°21.177′N 114°18.237′E  /  22.352950°N 114.303950°E  / 22.352950; 114.303950 , thence along the western shore of Kau Sai Chau to a causeway at position 22°22.386′N 114°18.284′E  /  22.373100°N 114.304733°E  / 22.373100; 114.304733 , thence along

308-570: A total of 106 fish species in Port Shelter in their preliminary report, including rare species Cephalopholis urodeta , Bodianus axillaris and Echidna nebulosa . A 1863 book states that Port Shelter and Rocky Harbour are the two main components of a deep bay. At that time the water body was still part of the Qing Empire , under the Xin'an County . Port Shelter was also mentioned in

352-869: Is 産 (also the accepted form in Japan and Korea), while in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan the accepted form is 產 (also the accepted form in Vietnamese chữ Nôm ). The PRC tends to print material intended for people in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese in traditional characters. For example, versions of the People's Daily are printed in traditional characters, and both People's Daily and Xinhua have traditional character versions of their website available, using Big5 encoding. Mainland companies selling products in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan use traditional characters in order to communicate with consumers;

396-591: Is a retronym applied to non-simplified character sets in the wake of widespread use of simplified characters. Traditional characters are commonly used in Taiwan , Hong Kong , and Macau , as well as in most overseas Chinese communities outside of Southeast Asia. As for non-Chinese languages written using Chinese characters, Japanese kanji include many simplified characters known as shinjitai standardized after World War II, sometimes distinct from their simplified Chinese counterparts . Korean hanja , still used to

440-538: Is connected to Sharp Island (Kiu Tsui Chau; Chinese : 橋咀洲 ; Jyutping : kiu4 zeoi2 zau1 ; Cantonese Yale : kìuh jéui jāu ) by a bank. The bank, or known as a sand levee or a tombolo , is part of the Hong Kong UNESCO Global Geopark . While The Hydrographic Office's 1943 publication did not have the definition of Outer Port Shelter, H.K.'s Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department had deployed artificial reef to

484-420: Is located near the head of Port Shelter, while Hebe Haven was classified as an inlet in the western shore of Port Shelter. The entrance of Inner Port Shelter lies between Yingam Tow [ sic ] and a line of rocks that extended from Kiau To [ sic ], an islet (now spells as Kiu Tau; Chinese : 橋頭 ; Jyutping : kiu4 tau4 ; Cantonese Yale : kìuh tàuh ). The islet itself

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528-461: Is situated at the mouth of the harbour. The boundary of Port Shelter has different definition according to different sources. Publication of the U.S. Hydrographic Office , had stated the western shores of Keui Island (now known as Kau Sai Chau ) and Jin Island , as well as eastern and north-east shores of the mainland area (now HKUST , Tseung Kwan O New Town and Clear Water Bay Peninsula ), were

572-493: The Chinese Commercial News , World News , and United Daily News all use traditional characters, as do some Hong Kong–based magazines such as Yazhou Zhoukan . The Philippine Chinese Daily uses simplified characters. DVDs are usually subtitled using traditional characters, influenced by media from Taiwan as well as by the two countries sharing the same DVD region , 3. With most having immigrated to

616-610: The Standard Form of National Characters . These forms were predominant in written Chinese until the middle of the 20th century, when various countries that use Chinese characters began standardizing simplified sets of characters, often with characters that existed before as well-known variants of the predominant forms. Simplified characters as codified by the People's Republic of China are predominantly used in mainland China , Malaysia, and Singapore. "Traditional" as such

660-549: The Kensiu language . Town Island A drug rehabilitation centre was established on the island in 1976. It is run by Operation Dawn. The electricity for the island is supplied from photovoltaic panels by CLP Group . The island is served by a ferry route from Sai Kung twice a day, except public holidays. 22°20′4.51″N 114°21′53.32″E  /  22.3345861°N 114.3648111°E  / 22.3345861; 114.3648111 This Hong Kong location article

704-640: The Shanghainese -language character U+20C8E 𠲎 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-20C8E —a composition of 伐 with the ⼝   'MOUTH' radical—used instead of the Standard Chinese 嗎 ; 吗 . Typefaces often use the initialism TC to signify the use of traditional Chinese characters, as well as SC for simplified Chinese characters . In addition, the Noto, Italy family of typefaces, for example, also provides separate fonts for

748-399: The 1970s. The government also relocated the residents of Kau Sai Chau , an island in the firing range to the land area of Hebe Haven (known as Pak Sha Wan in the publication) in the 1950. The permanent housing was completed in 1954. In 2011, a mortar shell was discovered on Shelter Island, which was formerly part of the firing range. Despite there is no legal definition of the boundary of

792-537: The Inner Port Shelter and Hebe Haven but only part of Port Shelter, that defined by the publication of the U.S. Hydrographic Office , which draw the southern boundaries from Lung Ha Wan to a peaked rock south of Jin Island . That regulation also defined "Port Shelter and Rocky Harbour Area" that cover all of the Port Shelter (and some part of Outer Port Shelter by some definitions) and Rocky Harbour: The waters of Port Shelter and Rocky Harbour bounded on

836-489: The Outer Port Shelter in the 2000s. They defined the area by coordinates instead. Roughly, it is a triangular area between Steep Island , Basalt Island and the southern shore of Jin Island (known as Tiu Chung Chau in the publication). Environmental Protection Department , partnered with local universities, also conducted water quality and phytoplankton research in the Port Shelter. In their research, they used

880-555: The People's Republic of China, traditional Chinese characters are standardised according to the Table of Comparison between Standard, Traditional and Variant Chinese Characters . Dictionaries published in mainland China generally show both simplified and their traditional counterparts. There are differences between the accepted traditional forms in mainland China and elsewhere, for example the accepted traditional form of 产 in mainland China

924-624: The Sai Kung Sewage Treatment Works, which just bordering the water control zone. After emergency repairs, the government did not find the water quality of the water control zone had become worse. Another related and overlapping concept, the proposed Outer Port Shelter Marine Park , was scrapped in 2014. The proposed size of the marine park was 381.1 hectares (942 acres). In 2018, World Wide Fund for Nature proposed to establish Port Shelter Marine Protected Area. They proposed to turn at least 30% area of Port Shelter to be

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968-454: The Sai Kung Sewage Treatment Works. According to measurements by a research, the average salinity of their three sampling stations was 32.7. All stations are located inside Port Shelter. The measurements, conducted from 4 October 2012 to 15 April 2013, also found that the average water temperature was 19.1 °C (with a range from 15.8 °C to 27.8 °C), as well as pH (acidity) of 8.08, with range from 7.62 to 8.35. They also recorded

1012-587: The United States during the second half of the 19th century, Chinese Americans have long used traditional characters. When not providing both, US public notices and signs in Chinese are generally written in traditional characters, more often than in simplified characters. In the past, traditional Chinese was most often encoded on computers using the Big5 standard, which favored traditional characters. However,

1056-588: The boundaries of Port Shelter. The Hydrographic Office also stated the entrance of the harbour lies between Lung Ha Wan ( 龍蝦灣 ; located in Clear Water Bay Peninsula) and [a] Peaked Rock [ sic ], with a width of about 1.5 miles (2.4 km). Earlier publication of the Office, had stated the peaked rock is located 300 yards (270 m) south of Jin Island. The rock was 44 feet (13 m) above water at that time. Inner Port Shelter

1100-474: The first two are located in Rocky Harbour , and the last one is outside the mouth of Outer Port Shelter. These islands are considered within the boundary of the water body of Inner Port Shelter: The greater Port Shelter area receives discharge from Ho Chung River ( 蠔涌河 ), Tai Chung Hau Stream ( 大涌口溪 ), and Sha Kok Mei Stream ( 沙角尾溪 ), as well as man-made storm outfalls and a submarine outfall from

1144-419: The inner [ sic ] Port Shelter, the flushing time is the longest among the fish culture zones of Hong Kong, which is 40 days in the dry season. While Po Toi O is located at the mouth of Port Shelter [ sic ], its hydrodynamics is mainly affected by the open ocean, thus the flushing time was just 5.3 days in dry season in the computer estimation. A research conducted in 2006, had recorded

1188-493: The inverse is equally true as well. In digital media, many cultural phenomena imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China, such as music videos, karaoke videos, subtitled movies, and subtitled dramas, use traditional Chinese characters. In Hong Kong and Macau , traditional characters were retained during the colonial period, while the mainland adopted simplified characters. Simplified characters are contemporaneously used to accommodate immigrants and tourists, often from

1232-725: The mainland. The increasing use of simplified characters has led to concern among residents regarding protecting what they see as their local heritage. Taiwan has never adopted simplified characters. The use of simplified characters in government documents and educational settings is discouraged by the government of Taiwan. Nevertheless, with sufficient context simplified characters are likely to be successfully read by those used to traditional characters, especially given some previous exposure. Many simplified characters were previously variants that had long been in some use, with systematic stroke simplifications used in folk handwriting since antiquity. Traditional characters were recognized as

1276-682: The majority of Chinese text in mainland China are simplified characters , there is no legislation prohibiting the use of traditional Chinese characters, and often traditional Chinese characters remain in use for stylistic and commercial purposes, such as in shopfront displays and advertising. Traditional Chinese characters remain ubiquitous on buildings that predate the promulgation of the current simplification scheme, such as former government buildings, religious buildings, educational institutions, and historical monuments. Traditional Chinese characters continue to be used for ceremonial, cultural, scholarly/academic research, and artistic/decorative purposes. In

1320-983: The merging of previously distinct character forms. Many Chinese online newspapers allow users to switch between these character sets. Traditional characters are known by different names throughout the Chinese-speaking world. The government of Taiwan officially refers to traditional Chinese characters as 正體字 ; 正体字 ; zhèngtǐzì ; 'orthodox characters'. This term is also used outside Taiwan to distinguish standard characters, including both simplified, and traditional, from other variants and idiomatic characters . Users of traditional characters elsewhere, as well as those using simplified characters, call traditional characters 繁體字 ; 繁体字 ; fántǐzì ; 'complex characters', 老字 ; lǎozì ; 'old characters', or 全體字 ; 全体字 ; quántǐzì ; 'full characters' to distinguish them from simplified characters. Some argue that since traditional characters are often

1364-602: The north and west by the mainland shore and on the south and east by a straight line drawn from the eastern shore of Lung Ha Wan at position 22°18.632′N 114°18.199′E  /  22.310533°N 114.303317°E  / 22.310533; 114.303317 to the southern extremity of Ping Min Chau, thence by a straight line drawn to the north-westernmost point of Bluff Island (Sha Tong Hau Shan) at position 22°19.507′N 114°21.015′E  /  22.325117°N 114.350250°E  / 22.325117; 114.350250 , thence by

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1408-500: The northern shore of Bluff Island (Sha Tong Hau Shan) to its eastern extremity, and thence by a straight line drawn to the southernmost point of High Island (Leung Shuen Wan). Traditional Chinese characters Traditional Chinese characters are a standard set of Chinese character forms used to write Chinese languages . In Taiwan , the set of traditional characters is regulated by the Ministry of Education and standardized in

1452-677: The official script in Singapore until 1969, when the government officially adopted Simplified characters. Traditional characters still are widely used in contexts such as in baby and corporation names, advertisements, decorations, official documents and in newspapers. The Chinese Filipino community continues to be one of the most conservative in Southeast Asia regarding simplification. Although major public universities teach in simplified characters, many well-established Chinese schools still use traditional characters. Publications such as

1496-700: The original standard forms, they should not be called 'complex'. Conversely, there is a common objection to the description of traditional characters as 'standard', due to them not being used by a large population of Chinese speakers. Additionally, as the process of Chinese character creation often made many characters more elaborate over time, there is sometimes a hesitation to characterize them as 'traditional'. Some people refer to traditional characters as 'proper characters' ( 正字 ; zhèngzì or 正寫 ; zhèngxiě ) and to simplified characters as 簡筆字 ; 简笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'simplified-stroke characters' or 減筆字 ; 减笔字 ; jiǎnbǐzì ; 'reduced-stroke characters', as

1540-562: The past, villagers from the six villages of Pak Tam Chung would collect coral from Port Shelter to make lime. Nowadays, fishermen still catch sea urchins in the Port Shelter. In 1950, [ sic ] (some source said 1936) the harbour and some islands were part of the Port Shelter Firing Range, an outdoor firing range for the British military that stationing on the colony. Most of the range ceased to be used in

1584-400: The purpose of that regulation, they defined Port Shelter Area as: The waters of Port Shelter bounded on the north and west by the mainland shore, on the south and east by a straight line drawn from position 22°20.111′N 114°16.207′E  /  22.335183°N 114.270117°E  / 22.335183; 114.270117 to the southern extremity of Sharp Island (Kiu Tsui Chau), thence by

1628-758: The southern side of the causeway to the southern shore of Yim Tin Tsai, thence along the western, northern, eastern and southern shore of Yim Tin Tsai, and the northern side of the causeway back to the shore of Kau Sai Chau, thence along the northern shore of Kau Sai Chau to the breakwater light of Yim Tin Tsai Typhoon Shelter, and thence by a straight line drawn true north to the mainland at position 22°23.144′N 114°18.401′E  /  22.385733°N 114.306683°E  / 22.385733; 114.306683 . The specified sheltered water that defined from above coordinates and natural boundaries, actually covers

1672-548: The surrounding catchment area. These islands are considered within the boundary of the water body of the Port Shelter proper: The three largest islands were Kau Sai Chau, Jin Island and Sharp Island respectively. Note: the book Southern District Officer Reports: Islands and Villages in Rural Hong Kong, 1910–60 also listed High Island , Town Island and Ninepin Group in their chapter "The Islands of Port Shelter". But

1716-636: The traditional character set used in Taiwan ( TC ) and the set used in Hong Kong ( HK ). Most Chinese-language webpages now use Unicode for their text. The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommends the use of the language tag zh-Hant to specify webpage content written with traditional characters. In the Japanese writing system , kyujitai are traditional forms, which were simplified to create shinjitai for standardized Japanese use following World War II. Kyūjitai are mostly congruent with

1760-985: The traditional characters in Chinese, save for minor stylistic variation. Characters that are not included in the jōyō kanji list are generally recommended to be printed in their traditional forms, with a few exceptions. Additionally, there are kokuji , which are kanji wholly created in Japan, rather than originally being borrowed from China. In the Korean writing system , hanja —replaced almost entirely by hangul in South Korea and totally replaced in North Korea —are mostly identical with their traditional counterparts, save minor stylistic variations. As with Japanese, there are autochthonous hanja, known as gukja . Traditional Chinese characters are also used by non-Chinese ethnic groups. The Maniq people living in Thailand and Malaysia use Chinese characters to write

1804-518: The ubiquitous Unicode standard gives equal weight to simplified and traditional Chinese characters, and has become by far the most popular encoding for Chinese-language text. There are various input method editors (IMEs) available for the input of Chinese characters . Many characters, often dialectical variants, are encoded in Unicode but cannot be inputted using certain IMEs, with one example being

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1848-534: The vertical profile for some of their measurements. Another research, recorded and estimated the tidal flushing time of the greater Port Shelter area which their tidal stations were deployed in the Port Shelter proper, as well as in Rocky Harbour, Hebe Haven, Inner Port Shelter and Outer Port Shelter. Such as a station at Leung Shuen Wan ( 糧船灣 ; or known as High Island ) and in Po Toi O . They concluded that in

1892-706: The water body, a related concept Port Shelter Water Control Zone had a legally defined boundary. It was regulated by the Water Pollution Control Ordinance (Chapter 358 of the Law of Hong Kong) as well as "Water Pollution Control (Port Shelter Water Control Zone) Order" (Chapter 358M) and other regulations. The water control zone covers not only the Port Shelter and Inner Port Shelter proper, but also Hebe Haven, Sham Tuk Mun ( 深篤門 ), Tsam Chuk Wan ( 斬竹灣 ), Rocky Harbour ( 糧船灣海 ) and many other surrounding water body. In 2018, Typhoon Mangkhut damaged

1936-587: The words for simplified and reduced are homophonous in Standard Chinese , both pronounced as jiǎn . The modern shapes of traditional Chinese characters first appeared with the emergence of the clerical script during the Han dynasty c.  200 BCE , with the sets of forms and norms more or less stable since the Southern and Northern dynasties period c.  the 5th century . Although

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