104-641: Patna Junction (station code PNBE ) is a major railway station in the capital city of Patna in the Indian state of Bihar . It is the main railway station serving Patna. It falls under the Danapur division of the East Central Railway zone of the Indian Railways . Patna Junction is one of the busiest railway stations of the country. Patna Junction railway station is connected to most of
208-465: A UNESCO Christmas card collection, and an exhibit from San Francisco's Asian Art Museum titled Painting is My Everything: Art From India's Mithila Region in 2018. Notable artists include Karpoori Devi , Sita Devi , Jagdamba Devi, Ganga Devi , Baua Devi , Mahasundari Devi , and Gadavari Datta. Madhubani painting received official recognition in 1969 when Sita Devi received the State award by
312-598: A business. The name of this city has changed with time. One of the oldest cities of India, there are several theories regarding the origin of the modern name Patna ( Bengali : পাটনা; Devanagari : पटना; Kaithi : 𑂣𑂗𑂢𑂰; Gurmukhi : ਪਟਨਾ; Urdu: پٹنہ). It is etymologically derived from Patan (Devanagari: पटन), the name of the Hindu goddess, Patan Devi. Patan Devi Mandir is still in old Patna near Gulzarbagh mandi along with another, Patan Devi Mandir, near Takht Sri Patna Sahib . Many believe Patna derived its name from Patli,
416-547: A distance of 20 km from Patna. Patna is well connected with Ara, Gaya, Jehanabad, Biharsharif, Rajgir, Islampur, Sonpur, Hajipur, Muzaffarpur, Chhapra through daily passenger and express train services. Patna Junction railway station was opened in 1862 as Bankipore Junction in Bankipore (Bankipur) town, headquarters of the division and Patna district in Bengal , British India . The construction of railway line through Patna
520-630: A factory there in 1580 at least. The products were shipped out down the river until other Portuguese ports as Chittagoon e Satgaoon, and from there to the rest of the empire. During the 17th century, Patna became a centre of international trade. In 1620, the English East India Company established a factory in Patna for trading in calico and silk . Soon it became a trading centre for saltpetre . Francois Bernier, in Travels in
624-428: A growth in air traffic in recent years, as has an improvement in the situation with regard to law and order. For the period April to December 2009 the airport ranked first in a survey of 46 airports in the country in terms of percentage growth of domestic passengers as well as domestic aircraft movement. The Airport Authority of India (AAI) has proposed to develop a civil enclave at Bihta Air Force Station to serve as
728-581: A mayor, a deputy mayor, and other elected members of the PMC. The Mayor is usually chosen through indirect election by the councillors from among themselves. The functions of the PMC include water supply, drainage and sewerage, sanitation, solid waste management, street lighting, and building regulation. The Municipal Commissioner is the chief Executive Officer and head of the executive arm of the Municipal Corporation. All executive powers are vested in
832-497: A mixture of lime, glue and synthetic enamel as a deterrent from deforestation. Paintings included gods and other religious and spiritual images such as those of Radha-Krishna, Rama-Sita, scenes from Ramayana and Mahabharata and other epics. This art form has ties to the Self-Employed Women's Association ( SEWA ) of Madhubani. Madhubani artists have been featured in multiple museum collections and exhibitions, including
936-624: A number of escalators. Indian Railways, under its station redevelopment and beautification initiative, renovated and beautified the waiting hall which opened in 2019. It has been set up over an area of 7500 sq ft, providing seating capacity for over 300 passengers. Additionally 200 more seats are planned. The newly opened waiting hall is said to be largest waiting hall in the Indian Railways network. The new waiting hall has been provided with 7 HD screens of 65" displaying entertainment related content as well as train information 24*7. The walls of
1040-739: A period of unremarkable provincial administration from Delhi . The most remarkable period during the Middle Ages was under the Afghan emperor Sher Shah Suri , who revived Patna in the middle of the 16th century. He built a fort and founded a town on the banks of the Ganges. Sher Shah's fort in Patna does not survive, although the Sher Shah Suri mosque, built in Afghan architectural style, does. Mughal emperor Akbar reached Patna in 1574 to crush
1144-489: A setback for the economy. Although the city had several fertiliser plants and sugar mills, due to a weakened ecosystem, many companies incurred losses and were eventually forced to close or leave the state. The economy of Patna has seen sustained growth since 2005, in particular from the fast-moving consumer goods industry, the service sector , and Green Revolution businesses. In 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna as
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#17327930718161248-605: A style of painting practiced in the Mithila region of India and Nepal. It is named after the Madhubani district of Bihar , India, which is where it originated. Jitwarpur, Ranti and Rasidpur are the three most notable cities associated with the tradition and evolution of Madhubani art. The art was traditionally practiced by female members. Artists create these paintings using a variety of mediums, including their own fingers, or twigs, brushes, nib-pens, and matchsticks. The paint
1352-470: A tree variety that was found in abundance in the historic city. It is also seen on the state tourism 's logo. The place is mentioned in Chinese traveller Fa Hien 's records as Pa-lin-fou. The city has been known by various names through more than 2,000 years of existence – Pataligrama, Pataliputra , Kusumapura, Kusumdhwaja Pushpapuram, Padmavathi, Azimabad and the present-day Patna. Legend ascribes
1456-428: Is 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi). Patna master 2031 is the second master plan of the city that has been passed ever, after the last plan was approved for 1961-1981. Patna master plan covers six urban local bodies - Patna Municipal Corporation, Danapur Nagar Parishad, Phulwarisharif Nagar Parishad, Khagaul Nagar Parishad, Maner Nagar Panchayat and Fatuha Nagar Parishad. The new master plan proposed to increase
1560-482: Is 83.37%, with the male literacy rate being 87.35% and the female literacy rate being 79.89%. The sex ratio of Patna is 885 females per 1,000 males. The child sex ratio of girls is 877 per 1000 boys. The urban agglomeration had a population of 2,049,156 of which 1,087,285 are males and 961,871 are females with 82.73% literacy. Patna is the second largest city (in terms of population) in eastern India . Roughly 0.25% of Patna's population lives in slums which makes Patna,
1664-955: Is a major station of the East Central Railways. Its location on the Delhi–Kolkata rail route, makes Patna Junction served by several Express and Superfast trains. In 2009, the construction of Digha–Sonpur Bridge , was underway on the banks on the Ganges nearby, connected Patna to Pahleja Ghat . The railway part of bridge was opened to rail traffic from 3 February 2016 and railway started passenger service from Patliputra Junction to various railway stations on north side of Ganges in Bihar. The nearest airports to Patna Junction are: [REDACTED] Patna travel guide from Wikivoyage Patna Patna ( / ˈ p ʌ t n ə , ˈ p æ t -/ ; Hindi: [ˈpəʈnaː] , ISO : Paṭanā ), historically known as Pāṭaliputra ,
1768-403: Is a sacred city for Sikhs as the tenth Sikh Guru , Guru Gobind Singh was born here. The modern city of Patna is mainly on the southern bank of the river Ganges . The city also straddles the rivers Son , Gandak and Punpun . The city is approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) in length and 16 to 18 kilometres (9.9 to 11.2 mi) wide. One of the oldest continuously inhabited places in
1872-523: Is about 100 km south of national East – West Highway corridor . The NH 30 , NH 31 and NH 2 passes through the city. The Ashok Rajpath , Patna- Danapur Road, Bailey Road , Harding Road and Kankarbagh old bypass Road are the major corridors. Patna was one of the first places in India to use horse-drawn trams for public transport . Public transportation is provided for by buses , auto rickshaws and local trains . Auto rickshaws are said to be
1976-552: Is also a major export center of these paintings. This painting as a form of wall art was practiced widely throughout the region; the more recent development of painting on paper and canvas mainly originated among the villages around Madhubani, and it is these latter developments that led to the term "Madhubani art" being used alongside "Mithila Painting." The paintings were traditionally done on freshly plastered mud walls and floors of huts, but now they are also done on cloth, handmade paper and canvas . Madhubani paintings are made from
2080-456: Is also emerging as an information technology hub, including Tata Consultancy Services , which started operations in 2019 at a new Patna facility. There is also a growing number of home grown IT companies offering Software Development and AI/ ML solutions like Technix Technology and others. With an estimated population of 1.68 million in 2011, Patna is the 19th most populous city in India and with over 2 million people, its urban agglomeration
2184-408: Is an under-construction rapid transit system for the city. It would be owned and operated by state run Patna Metro Rail Corporation. It will be constructed on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode, estimated to cost ₹ 140 billion (US$ 2 billion). It will have 5 lines with a total planned length of 60 kilometres (37 mi) km, which will be built in 3 phases. Patna Monorail Project covering
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#17327930718162288-402: Is created using natural dyes and pigments such as ochre and lampblack are used for reddish brown and black respectively. The paintings are characterized by their eye-catching geometrical patterns. There is ritual content for particular occasions, such as birth or marriage, and festivals, such as Holi , Surya Shasti, Kali Puja , Upanayana , and Durga Puja . Traditionally, painting was one of
2392-881: Is directly connected to most of the major cities in India. The city has four additional major railway stations: Rajendra Nagar Terminal (adjacent to Kankarbagh ), Patliputra Junction (near Bailey road ), Danapur (near western outskirts) and Patna Sahib (in Patna City area). Danapur is the divisional headquarters of East Central Railway zone 's Danapur railway division . Patna is well connected with neighbouring Gaya , Jehanabad , Bihar Sharif , Rajgir , Islampur through daily passenger and express train services. And also connected with Jamalpur Junction and Munger . India's longest road-cum-rail bridge, Digha–Sonpur bridge has been constructed across river Ganges , connecting Digha, Patna to Pahleja Ghat in Sonpur . The bridge
2496-540: Is in Patna and connects the city to Hajipur across the Ganga. In recent times, the bridge has been witnessing major traffic chaos and accidents due to exceeding number of vehicles passing over it and regularly overloading the structure. A new six lane road bridge across the Ganges parallel to Mahatma Gandhi Setu is proposed which would connect Kacchi Dargah in Patna City to Bidupur in Vaishali district , which will be
2600-525: Is one of the 6 Tehsils of the Patna district . It is headed by an IAS or state Civil service officer of the rank of Sub Divisional Magistrate (SDM). The SDM of Patna Tehsil reports to the District Magistrate (DM) of Patna District. The Patna Tehsil is divided into 3 Blocks , each headed by a Block Development Officer (BDO). The list of Blocks is as follows: The civic administration of Patna
2704-630: Is provided by the Bihar State Tourism Development Corporation and the Bihar State Road Transport Corporation . Auto rickshaws are a popular mode of transportation. Prepaid auto services operated by an all-women crew was started in 2013 in Patna, which is the first of its kind in India. Radio Taxi services are also available within city limit as well as outskirts. There are private options such as Ola Cabs. Patna Metro
2808-665: Is run by several government agencies and has overlapping structural divisions. At least five administrative definitions of the city are available; listed in ascending order of area, those are: Patna division , Patna district (also the Patna Police area), the Patna Metropolitan Region (also known as Patna Planning area), "Greater Patna" or PRDA area, which adds to the PMC area a few areas just adjacent to it and Patna Municipal Corporation area. The Patna Municipal Corporation, or PMC, oversees and manages
2912-656: Is the capital and largest city of the state of Bihar in India . According to the United Nations , as of 2018, Patna had a population of 2.35 million, making it the 19th largest city in India. Covering 250 square kilometres (97 sq mi) and over 2.5 million people, its urban agglomeration is the 15th largest in India. Patna also serves as the seat of Patna High Court . The Buddhist , Hindu and Jain pilgrimage centres of Vaishali , Rajgir , Nalanda , Bodh Gaya and Pawapuri are nearby and Patna City
3016-468: Is the 18th largest in India. Residents of Patna are referred to by the demonym Patnaite. According to 2011 census data, Patna city had a population of 1,684,222 (before the expansion of the city limits) within the corporation limits, with 893,399 men and 790,823 women. This was an increase of 22.3 per cent compared to the 2001 figures. 11.32 per cent of the population was under six years of age, with 102,208 boys and 88,288 girls. The overall literacy rate
3120-528: Is the 21st fastest growing city in the world and 5th fastest growing city in India according to a study by the City Mayors Foundation . Patna registered an average annual growth of 3.72% during 2006–2010. As of 2011-12, the GDP per capita of Patna is ₹1,08,657, and its GDP growth rate is 7.29 per cent. In June 2009, the World Bank ranked Patna second in India (after Delhi ) for ease of starting
3224-445: Is the largest riverine city in the world. The topography of Patna city is saucer shaped as per Patna City Development Plan prepared in 2006. The bridge over the river Ganges named Mahatma Gandhi Setu is 5575m long. It is the longest river bridge in the India . Patna comes under India's seismic zone-IV , indicating its vulnerability to major earthquakes , but earthquakes have not been common in recent history. Patna also falls in
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3328-437: Is the official language of the state of Bihar and Urdu is the additional official language, but many other languages are spoken too. The native language is Magadhi or Magahi , named after Magadha, the ancient name of South Bihar and is most widely spoken. Hindi is spoken by 65.94% of the population, 18.04% Magahi, 9.67% Urdu, 3.19% Bhojpuri and 1.79% Maithili as their first language. The Patna sub-division ( Tehsil )
3432-706: The Bengal Presidency was partitioned, Patna became the capital of the British province of Bihar and Orissa . However, in 1936 Orissa became a separate entity with its capital. To date, a major population of Bengalis lives in Patna particularly. People from Patna were greatly involved in the Indian independence movement . Most notable movements were the Champaran movement against the Indigo plantation and
3536-550: The Government of Bihar . Mamta Devi from the village Jitwarpur also received the National Award. Jagdamba Devi from Bhajparaul, Madhubani was given Padma Shri in 1975 and the National Award to Sita Devi of Jitwarpur village near Madhubani. Jagdamba Devi's foster son Satya Narayan Lal Karn and his wife Moti Karn are also well-regarded Mithila artists, and they won the National Award jointly in 2003. Sita Devi received
3640-573: The Lok Sabha , and 14 representatives to the state legislative assembly. The capital city of Patna has 8 State Legislative Assembly constituencies, which form two constituencies of the Lok Sabha (the lower house of the Parliament of India). Groundwater fulfills the basic needs of the people, administered by Patna Jal Parishad under Patna Municipal Corporation. The public water supply system comprises 98 tube wells that pump water directly to
3744-700: The Patna Electric Supply Undertaking (PESU) Circle, which is further divided into two wings namely Patna East (consists Kankarbagh , Patna City , Gulzarbagh , Bankipore , Rajendra Nagar Divisions) and Patna West (Consists Danapur , New Capital, Pataliputra , Gardanibagh, Dak Bungalow divisions). Direct–to–home (DTH) is available via DD Free Dish , Airtel digital TV , Dish TV , Tata Sky , Videocon d2h , Sun Direct and Reliance Digital TV . Cable companies include Darsh Digital Network Pvt. Ltd., SITI Maurya Cablenet Pvt. Ltd etc. The Conditional Access System for cable television
3848-750: The Patna Metropolitan Region . Patna Metropolitan Area Authority was established in 2016. It is the superseding agency for the former Patna Regional Development Authority (PRDA), which was dissolved in 2006. In addition to the city government, numerous commissions and state authorities—including the Ministry of Tourism, the Bihar Health Department, the Bihar Water Resources Department, National Ganga River Basin Authority, Bihar State Pollution Control Board and
3952-821: The Patna Secretariat ; and the Patna High Court . The Patna High Court is one of the oldest High Court in India. The Patna High Court has jurisdiction over the state of Bihar. Patna also has lower courts; the Small Causes Court for civil matters, and the Sessions Court for criminal cases. The Patna Police , commanded by Senior Superintendent of Police , is overseen by the Bihar Government's Home Department. The Patna district elects two representatives to India's lower house,
4056-478: The 17th century, Patna has been a centre of international trade and an agricultural and textile hub, including a major silk and calico market. After gaining independence in 1947, the economy remained relatively stable, including growth in produce and manufacturing of vegetable oil. From the 1980s onwards, the economy experienced fluctuations. When liberalisation came to India in the 1990s, Patna did not attract significant global funds or foreign investment which proved
4160-469: The 1942 Quit India Movement . National leaders who came from the city include Swami Sahajanand Saraswati ; the first President of the Constituent Assembly of India , Dr. Rajendra Prasad ; Bihar Vibhuti ( Anugrah Narayan Sinha ); Basawon Singh (Sinha) ; and Loknayak ( Jayaprakash Narayan ). Patna remained the capital of Bihar after India gained independence in 1947, even as Bihar
4264-640: The 19th century, it was a major trading and commercial hub in India. After independence there were a few downturns but its economy was still stable. After the separation of Jharkhand from Bihar, it lost its glory. As per the Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Bihar), Nominal GDP of Patna District was estimated at INR 63,176.55 crores in 2011-12. As of 2011-12, Patna already recorded per capita gross domestic product of ₹ 1,08,657, way ahead of many other Indian cities and state capitals. Using figures for assumed average annual growth, Patna
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4368-478: The Bihar Public Service Commission—play a role in the life of Patnaites. As the capital of Bihar, Patna plays a major role not only in state politics but in central politics as well. In October 2016, the Bihar cabinet approved the Patna master plan 2031 which envisages the development of a new airport at Bihta . As of August 2015, the area of Patna city (along with its urban agglomeration)
4472-547: The Buddhist accounts may have presented the grandeur of Patna as a prophecy and that its wooden fortifications, unlike other early historic Indian cities, indicate that it might be much older than thought but only archaeological excavation and C14 dates of its wooden palisades which is presently lacking may establish this. Megasthenes , the Indo-Greek historian and ambassador to the court of Chandragupta Maurya, gave one of
4576-704: The Commissioner are those provided by statute and those delegated by the Corporation or the Standing Committee. As of June 2017, the BJP won PMC Mayor seat; the mayor is Sita Sahu, while the deputy mayor is Vinay Kumar Pappu. The Patna Municipal Corporation was ranked 4th out of 21 Cities for best governance & administrative practices in India in 2014. It scored 3.6 on 10 compared to the national average of 3.3. The revenue district of Patna comes under
4680-595: The Kanvas and eventually by the Guptas. Some Chinese travellers came to India in pursuit of knowledge and recorded their observations about Pataliputra in their travelogues. One such famous account was recorded by a Chinese Buddhist traveller Fa Hien, who visited India between 399 and 414 CE, and stayed here for many months translating Buddhist texts. When the Chinese Buddhist Monk Faxian visited
4784-579: The Khobar style. In the 1960s, Madhubani painters began to paint on canvas and paper in an effort to raise new sources of income for women in the impoverished Mithila region. The Madhubani painting tradition played a key role in the conservation efforts in India in 2012, where there was frequent deforestation in the state of Bihar. Gram Vikas Parishad, an NGO, led the initiative to protect local trees in Bihar from being cut down from development and road expansion. Local painters were employed to paint trees with
4888-629: The Mogul Empire (1656–1668), says, ". It was carried down the Ganges with great facility, and the Dutch and English sent large cargoes to many parts of the Indies, and Europe". This trade encouraged other Europeans, principally the French, Danes, Dutch, and Portuguese, to compete in the lucrative business. Peter Mundy , writing in 1632, described Patna as "the greatest mart of the eastern region". After
4992-477: The Municipal Commissioner who is an Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer appointed by the state government . Although the Municipal Corporation is the legislative body that lays down policies for the governance of the city, it is the Commissioner who is responsible for the execution of the policies. The Commissioner is appointed for a fixed term as defined by state statute. The powers of
5096-596: The Padma Shri in 1981. Sita Devi was also awarded by Bihar Ratna in 1984 and Shilp Guru in 2006. In 1984 Ganga Devi was awarded by Padma Shri. Mahasundari Devi received the Padma Shri in 2011. Baua Devi , Yamuna Devi, Shanti Devi, Chano Devi, Bindeshwari Devi, Chandrakala Devi, Shashi kala Devi, Leela Devi, Godavari Dutta , Asha Jha Tira Devi and Bharti Dayal were also given the National award. Shree. Chandra Bhushan Lal Das (Rasidpur, Madhubani) received
5200-619: The Patna Smart City Limited has been formed to implement the smart city projects. On 22 November 2017, Eptisa Servicios de Ingenieria SL of Spain was chosen as the project management consultant. As the seat of the Government of Bihar , The city has several federal facilities, including the Raj Bhavan : Governor's house, the Bihar Legislative Assembly ; the state secretariat, which is housed in
5304-575: The Rajendra Nagar Terminal and Patna Junction route relay interlocking (RRI) system were installed between 7 February 2012 till 12 February. The presence of RRI system allows computer operated change of tracks for running trains. The presence of RRT system improves the safety of the railway traffic in the region. The new station façade put up in 2018-19 was designed by National Institute of Technology, Patna . There have been other efforts as well to add cultural depictions and artwork in
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#17327930718165408-399: The area of Patna city to 1,167 square kilometres (451 sq mi) to transform it as a metropolitan city. 5 satellite towns have also been proposed in the master plan at Bihta , Naubatpur , Punpun , Fatuha and Khusrupur . Patna has been selected as one of the hundred Indian cities to be developed as a smart city under Government of India 's flagship Smart Cities Mission . With
5512-480: The birthplace of Hindu goddess Sita . When Sita and her husband Prince Rama were to be married, King Janak , father of Sita, asked for paintings to capture moments of the marriage. Madhubani painting (or Mithila painting) was traditionally created by the women of various communities in the Mithila region of the Indian subcontinents. It originated from Madhubani district of the Mithila region of Bihar . Madhubani
5616-455: The city are Bander Bagicha, Exhibition Road , Gandhi Maidan Marg , Frazer Road , Indrapuri and Maurya Lok . Many manufacturing companies, including Hero Cycles , Britannia Industries , PepsiCo , Sonalika Tractors and UltraTech Cement , have established their manufacturing plants in the Patna metropolitan area. One of the world's largest leather clusters is in Fatuha, in Patna. Patna
5720-430: The city in 400 A.D, he found the people to be rich and prosperous; they practised virtue and justice. He found that the nobles and householders of the city had constructed several hospitals in which the poor of all countries, the needy, the crippled, and the diseased, could get treatment. They could receive every kind of help gratuitously. Physicians would inspect the diseases and order them food, drink, and medicines. In
5824-536: The city with the lowest percentage of people living in slums in India. Like other fast-growing cities in the developing world, Patna suffers from major urbanisation problems including unemployment, poor public health, and poor civic and educational standards for a large section of the population. In 2015, the National Sample Survey Organisation revealed that, for females, Patna had the highest unemployment rate 34.6%, and for males, it
5928-423: The civic infrastructure of the city's 75 wards, which accommodates a population of 1.7 million as per 2011 Census. The municipal corporation consists of democratically elected members, each ward elects a Councillor to the PMC. The PMC is in charge of the civic and infrastructure needs of the metropolis. As Patna's apex body, the corporation discharges its functions through the mayor-in-council, which comprises
6032-563: The decisive Battle of Buxar of 1764, as per the treaty of Allahabad East India Company was given the right to collect a tax of this former Mughal province by the Mughal emperor. Patna was annexed by the company in 1793 to its territory when Nizamat (Mughal suzerainty) was abolished, and the British East India Company took control of the province of Bengal-Bihar. Patna, however, continued as a trading centre. In 1912, when
6136-609: The distribution mains. Around 23 overhead reservoirs of which only the ones at Agam Kuan , Gulzarbagh Press, Guru Gobind Singh Hospital and High Court serve the city. The sewerage system in Patna was set up in 1936. At present, there are four sewage treatment plants at Saidpur, Beur, Pahari and Karmali Chak. In 2019, the central government has started the process Nirmal Ganga , which is to build new sewerage infrastructure at Patna's Karmalichak as well as in Barh, Naugachia and Sultanganj. The new infrastructure will be capable of preventing
6240-514: The earliest accounts of the city. He wrote that the city was on the confluence of the rivers Ganga and Arennovoas (Sonabhadra – Hiranyawah) and was 14 kilometres (9 mi) long and 2.82 kilometres (1.75 mi) wide. Megasthenes , the Greek ambassador to India, described the city as the greatest city on earth during its heyday. The Shungas ultimately retained control of Pataliputra and ruled for almost 100 years. The Shungas were followed by
6344-404: The fields along the banks of river Ganges, weeds such as ammannia, citriculari, hygrophile and sesbania grow. But palmyra, date palm, and mango orchards are found near habitations. Dry stretches of shrubbery are sometimes seen in the villages far from the rivers. Trees commonly found are bel, siris, jack fruit, and the red cotton tree. Patna is unique in having four large rivers in its vicinity. It
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#17327930718166448-567: The flow of 67 million litre of sewage into Ganga . As of 2011, the city's electricity consumption is about 601 kWh per capita, even though the actual demand is much higher. Electricity supply to the city is regulated and distributed by the South Bihar Power Distribution Company Limited managed by Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited (the holding company and a successor company of erstwhile Bihar State Electricity Board). The city forms
6552-436: The grade of a Smart City, Patna will have highly up-to-date and radical provisions like uninterrupted electric supply, first-rate traffic and transport system, superior health care and many other prime utilities. Under this scheme, the city will use digital technology that will act as the integral mechanism of the aforesaid facilities and thereby further elevate the lifestyle of the citizens. A special purpose vehicle company named
6656-547: The hands of the Nawabs of Bengal , who levied a heavy tax on the populace but allowed it to flourish as a commercial centre. The mansions of the Maharaja of Tekari Raj dominated the Patna riverfront in 1811–12. In 1750, the future Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah revolted against his grandfather, Alivardi Khan , and seized Patna, but quickly surrendered and was forgiven. Guru Gobind Singh (22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708),
6760-587: The jurisdiction of a District Collector (District Magistrate). The Collectors are in charge of the general administration, property records and revenue collection for the Central Government, and oversee the national elections held in the city. The Bihar Urban Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (BUIDCO) and the Patna Metropolitan Area Authority, are responsible for the statutory planning and development of
6864-508: The king of Magadha, wanted to shift his capital from the hilly Rajagrha (today Rajgir) to a strategically chosen place to better combat the Licchavis of Vaishali . He chose the site on the bank of the Ganges and fortified the area. Gautama Buddha travelled through this place in the last year of his life. He prophesied a great future for this place even as he predicted its ruin due to flood, fire, and feud. According to Dieter Schlingloff,
6968-443: The lactating mothers will be able to comfortably feed their babies in privacy. The railway station has already been fitted with high-speed wireless internet service for passengers to enjoy free Wi-Fi facility. It was the first station in India to try out linen kiosks. Indian Railways is soon going to construct Suburban Rail Terminal at Hardinge Park which is barely 900 metres west from Patna Junction. Patna Junction railway station
7072-514: The leading telephone and cell phone service providers in the city. Patna was the second Indian city, after Bangalore , which offered free WiFi connectivity to its citizens in February 2014. By surpassing the previous record-holder, Beijing in China , Patna's WiFi zone is the world's longest free WiFi zone, which covers a 20-km stretch from NIT Patna on Ashok Rajpath to Danapur . Patna
7176-409: The lifeline of the city. BSRTC has started City bus service on all major routes of Patna. App based cab service is available within city. Patna is about 70.02KM away from Chhapra Patna Airport known as Lok Nayak Jayaprakash Narayan International Airport is classified as a restricted international airport. The arrival of several low-cost carriers and a number of new destinations have caused
7280-491: The longest bridge in India after completion. Patna is well connected with roads to various major cities of Bihar like Hajipur , Munger , Jamalpur , Bhagalpur , Gaya Motihari , and Purnia . Patna is 1,015 kilometres (631 miles) East from Delhi , 1,802 kilometres (1,120 miles) North East from Mumbai ,1,527 kilometres (949 miles) North from Hyderabad and 556 kilometres (345 miles) North West from Kolkata . Luxury bus service between Patna and several neighbouring cities
7384-469: The major cities in India by the railway network. Patna lies in between New Delhi and Kolkata which is one of the busiest rail routes in India. Patna has trains running frequently to Delhi and Kolkata. The city is a major railway hub and has five major stations: Patna Junction, Rajendranagar Terminal , Danapur railway station , Patliputra Junction and Patna Sahib station . Also 2 major railway station: Hajipur Junction and Sonpur Junction are just at
7488-416: The most famous for trade". This was before the founding of the city of Calcutta. Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb acceded to the request of his favourite grandson, Prince Muhammad Azim , to rename Patna as Azimabad , in 1704 while Azim was in Patna as the subedar . Patna or Azimabad did see some violent activities, according to Phillip Mason, writing in the book "The Men Who Ruled India". "Aurangzeb had restored
7592-399: The municipal area is also underway. Recently the central government approved Patna metro rail project comprising two corridors (Danapur - Khemnichak and Patna Junction - Pataliputra Bus Terminal ). According to government, the project will be completed until 2025 with an estimated cost of Rs. 133657.7 million. Madhubani painting Madhubani art (also known as Mithila art ) is
7696-490: The new airport for Patna. The military airfield lies 40 kilometres (25 mi) southwest of Patna, in Bihta . Patna is served by several railway stations within. The Patna Junction railway station is the main railway station of the city, and one of the busiest railway stations in India. Patna lies in between New Delhi and Kolkata on Howrah–Delhi main line , which is one of the busiest rail routes in India. Patna Junction
7800-578: The origin of Patna to the mythological King Putraka who created Patna by magic for his queen Patali, literally "trumpet flower", which gives it its ancient name Pataligrama. It is said that in honour of the queen's firstborn, the city was named Pataliputra. Gram is Sanskrit for village and Putra means son. Legend also says that the Emerald Buddha was created in Patna (then Pataliputra) by Nagasena in 43 BCE. Traditional Buddhist literature attributes foundation of Patna 490 BCE as Ajatashatru ,
7904-425: The paint's binder, gum arabic used for painting on paper and goat's milk used mainly for wall paintings. Chemical powder pigment from Calcutta also became available in the 1940's. Artists continue to utilize traditional brushes, which consist of bamboo slivers, rags, and sticks. Mithila paintings mostly depict people and their association with nature and scenes and deities from the ancient epics. Natural objects like
8008-748: The paste of powdered rice. Madhubani painting has remained confined to a compact geographical area and the skills have been passed on through centuries, the content and the style have largely remained the same. Thus, Madhubani painting has received GI ( Geographical Indication ) status. Madhubani paintings use two-dimensional imagery, and traditionally colors derived from nature. Traditional pigments used were: vermilion powder mixed with grounded mustard seeds for red, cow dung mixed with lampblack for greenish black, rice paste for white, Pevdi for lemon yellow, turmeric for yellow ochre , Indigo for blue, palash flower for orange, bilva leaf for green, and red clay for indian red . Gum arabic or goat's milk formed
8112-403: The poll tax (Jazia) on unbelievers, which had to be compounded for. In Patna, Peacock, the factory's chief, was not sufficiently obedient. He was seized, forced to walk through the town bare-headed and bare-footed, and subjected to many other indignities before he paid up and was released." Little changed during this period other than the name. With the decline of the Mughal empire, Patna moved into
8216-415: The railway station. To modernise the train inquiry system a call centre was opened in 2005. Automatic ticket vending machines have been installed to reduce the queue for train tickets on the station. One of the two departmental catering units of Danapur division are located at Patna Junction, the other being at Kiul Junction . Patna Junction is going to have a metro station under Patna Metro . There are
8320-675: The rebellious Afghan Chief Daud Khan . One of the navratnas from Akbar's court, his official historian and author of " Ain-i-Akbari " Abul Fazl refers to Patna as a flourishing centre for paper, stone and glass industries. He also refers to the high quality of numerous strains of rice grown in Patna, famous as Patna rice in Europe. By 1620, the city of Patna was being described as the "chiefest mart towne of all Bengala" (i.e. largest town in Bengal) in northern India, "the largest town in Bengal and
8424-465: The risk zone for floods and cyclones. Patna has a humid subtropical climate under the Köppen climate classification : (Cwa) with sweltering summers from late March to June, the monsoon season from late June to late September and chilly winter nights and foggy or sunny days from November to February. Highest temperature ever recorded was 46.6 °C (115.9 °F) in the year 1966, the lowest ever
8528-483: The safe limit, which is 25 micro-grams. Severe air pollution in the city has caused a rise in pollution-related respiratory ailments, such as lung cancer , asthma , dysentery and diarrhoea . The dense smog in Patna during winter season results in major air and rail traffic disruptions every year. Patna has been ranked 10th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India according to 'Swachh Vayu Survekshan 2024 Results' Since
8632-521: The second best city in India to start a business. In 2010, Patna was ranked 21st fastest-growing city in the world and fifth fastest-growing city in India, and was forecast to grow at an average annual rate of 3.72% through 2020. Its largest exports are grain , sugarcane , sesame , and Patna rice , a local medium-grained variety. There are several sugar mills in and around Patna. Patna has been described as an important business and luxury brand centre of eastern India. The major business districts of
8736-744: The skills that was passed down from generation to generation in the families of the Mithila Region, mainly by women. It is still practiced and kept alive in institutions spread across the Mithila region. Kalakriti in Darbhanga, Vaidehi in Benipatti in Madhubani district and Gram Vikas Parishad in Ranti are some of the major centres of Madhubani painting which have kept this ancient art form alive. Madhubani paintings were first created at Mithila,
8840-481: The southern bank of the river Ganges . The total area of Patna is 250 km (97 sq mi). The municipal area constitutes 109.218 km (42.169 sq mi). The suburban area covers 140.782 km (54.356 sq mi). It has an average elevation of 53 m (174 ft). A characteristic feature of the geography of Patna is its confluence of major rivers. During the British Raj , Patna
8944-461: The station. Facilities include mechanised cleaning, free RO mineral water, waiting rooms, retiring rooms, refreshment rooms for both vegetarians and non-vegetarians, food and tea stalls, book stalls, vehicle parking etc. It has a computerised reservation facility. Vehicles are allowed to enter the station premises. During the COVID-19 pandemic, an automated Mask and Sanitizer Dispenser (MSD) machine
9048-597: The story of Raja Shailesh, and various symbols into their paintings. In contemporary times, Madhubani art has evolved into a global art form, transcending caste distinctions. Artists now freely work across all five styles, and Mithila art has gained international recognition. Khobar style, also known as puren, is traditionally painted on the wall of a Mithila wedding chamber, where a bride and groom spend their first night together. They most often depict circular motifs made up on feminized faces, and lines drawn in red and black ink. There are both Brahman and Kayastha versions of
9152-618: The sun, the moon, and religious plants like tulsi are also widely painted, along with scenes from the royal court and social events like weddings. In this paintings generally, no space is left empty; the gaps are filled by paintings of flowers, animals, birds, and even geometric designs. Mithila art has five distinctive styles: In the 1960s, Bharni and Tantrik styles of Madhubani art were predominantly created by Brahmin women in India and Nepal, focusing on religious themes and depictions of gods and goddesses. Artists from other castes incorporated elements from their daily lives, local legends like
9256-575: The tenth Guru of the Sikhs, was born as Gobind Rai in Patna to Guru Teg Bahadur , the ninth Guru of the Sikhs, and his wife Mata Gujri . His birthplace, Patna Sahib , is one of the most sacred sites of pilgrimage for Sikhs. As trade grew, settlements of the Portuguese empire expanded to the Bengal Gulf. Since at least 1515, the Portuguese were in Bengal as traders, and later in 1521, an embassy
9360-428: The waiting hall has been beautified to promote local art with all the walls being covered in Madhubani painting with bright and attractive colours. For the convenience of the passengers the entire waiting hall has been centrally air-conditioned. The waiting hall has also been provided with additional fans and lighted with 100 percent LED fixtures concealed in the ceiling. The station has lactation room for mothers so that
9464-614: The world , Patna was founded in 490 BCE by the king of Magadha . Ancient Patna , known as Pataliputra , was the capital of the Magadha Empire throughout the Haryanka , Nanda , Mauryan , Shunga , Gupta , and Pala dynasties. Pataliputra was a seat of learning and fine arts. It was home to many astronomers and scholars including Aryabhata , Vātsyāyana and Chanakya . During the Maurya period (around 300 BCE) its population
9568-553: The years that followed, many dynasties ruled the Indian subcontinent from the city, including the Gupta dynasty and the Pala kings. With the disintegration of the Gupta empire, Patna passed through uncertain times. Bakhtiar Khilji captured Bihar in the 12th century and destroyed everything, and Patna lost its prestige as the political and cultural centre of India. The Mughal Empire was
9672-502: Was 1.1 °C (34 °F) on 9 January 2013, and highest rainfall was 204.5 mm (8.05 in) in the year 1997. The table below details historical monthly averages for climate variables. Pollution is a major concern in Patna. According to the CAG report, tabled in the Bihar Legislative Assembly in April 2015, respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) level ( PM-10 ) in Patna
9776-479: Was 355, three-and-a-half times higher than the prescribed limit of 100 micro-gram per cubic metre, primarily due to high vehicular and industrial emissions and construction activities in the city. In May 2014, a World Health Organization survey declared Patna the second most air polluted city in India, only after Delhi , with the survey calculating the airborne particulate matter in the state capital's ambient air ( PM-2.5 ) to be 149 micro-grams, six times more than
9880-482: Was about 400,000. Patna served as the seat of power, and political and cultural centre of the Indian subcontinent during the Maurya and Gupta empires. With the fall of the Gupta Empire, Patna lost its glory. The British revived it again in the 17th century as a centre of international trade. Following the partition of Bengal presidency in 1912, Patna became the capital of Bihar and Orissa Province . Until
9984-540: Was completed in 2015, It is 4.55 kilometres (2.83 miles) long and therefore the second longest rail-cum-road bridge in India , after Bogibeel Bridge in Assam. The city is served by several major road highways and state highways, including National Highways 19 , 30 , 31 , and 83 . Pataliputra Bus Terminal is an upcoming ISBT . Asia's longest river bridge, the Mahatma Gandhi Setu (built 1982),
10088-479: Was extended from Delhi up to Howrah in 1949. This was the first Janta Express train in India. In 2002 extensive redevelopment took place. The number of platform was increased from 7 to 10. A new floor was constructed in the main station building. The platforms are interconnected with three foot overbridges (FOB). The western overbridge is called the Delhi end FOB and the easternmost FOB is called Kolkata end FOB. At
10192-926: Was implemented in March 2013. Patna comes under the Patna Telecom District of the Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL), India's state-owned telecom and internet services provider. Both Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code division multiple access (CDMA) mobile services are available. Apart from telecom, BSNL also provides broadband internet service. Among private enterprises, Bharti Airtel , Reliance Jio , Reliance GSM/CDMA , Idea Cellular , Aircel , Tata Teleservices ( Tata DoCoMo , Virgin Mobile and Tata Indicom), Telenor (Formerly Uninor & Now Acquired by Bharti Airtel), Vodafone and Videocon Telecom are
10296-475: Was installed. There is a post and telegraphic office and Government Railway Police (GRP) office. Patna Junction is located close to the bus terminal and domestic airport providing transport to important destinations of Bihar. There is second exit point from Karbigahiya end of the Patna Junction. Karbigahiya is located on the south side of Patna Junction and serves as direct access point for platforms of
10400-441: Was part of the Bengal Presidency . After Nalanda district was carved out of Patna district in 1976, Patna was purged of all hilly regions. It is an alluvial, flat expanse of land. The land in the district is too fertile and is almost entirely cultivated with no forest cover. Alluvial soil is ideal for cultivating rice, sugarcane, and other food grains. The area under cultivation is studded with mango orchards and bamboo groves. In
10504-399: Was partitioned again in 2000 when Jharkhand became a separate state of the Indian union. On 27 October 2013, six people were killed and 85 others were injured in a series of co-ordinated bombings at an election rally for BJP candidate Narendra Modi . On 3 October 2014, 33 people were killed and 26 injured in a stampede at Gandhi Maidan during Vijaya Dashmi celebrations. Patna is on
10608-530: Was sent to Gaur to create factories in the region. The Bengal Sultan after 1534 allowed the Portuguese to develop several settlements as Chitagoong e Satgaon. In 1535 the Portuguese were allied with the Bengal sultan and held the Teliagarhi pass 280 km from Patna helping to avoid the invasion by the Mughals. By then, several of the products came from Patna, and the Portuguese sent in traders, establishing
10712-524: Was started in 1855 and was completed and opened in 1862. Prior to that the transport of raw materials and finished goods was done through the Ganga river . The Danapur Division came into existence on 1 January 1925. The present Divisional Railway Managers' office building was built in 1929. In 1948 Eastern Railway (ER) started an exclusively third class express train known as 'Janta Express' on 1 October 1948. This initially ran between Patna and Delhi and later on
10816-519: Was the second highest with a rate of 8% in 2011–12. According to the 2011 census of India, Patna's major religion is Hinduism with 86.39% followers. Islam is the second most popular religion in Patna with approximately 12.27% following it. Christianity , Jainism , Sikhism , and Buddhism, with smaller followings, are also practised in Patna. During the last census report, around 0.01% stated other religions and approximately 0.49% stated no particular religion. Languages of Patna city (2011) Hindi
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