Canadian Americans ( French : Américains canadiens ) are American citizens or in some uses residents whose ancestry is wholly or partly Canadian , or citizens of either country who hold dual citizenship .
94-626: Paul Franklin Watson (born December 2, 1950) is a Canadian-American environmental , conservation and animal rights activist, who founded the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society , an anti-poaching and direct action group focused on marine conservation activism . The tactics used by Sea Shepherd have attracted opposition, with the group accused of eco-terrorism by both the Japanese government and Greenpeace . Watson
188-671: A Sierra Club protest against nuclear testing at Amchitka Island . The group which formed as a result of that protest was the Don't Make a Wave Committee , which evolved into the group known today as Greenpeace . In the early 1970s, Watson was also active with the Vancouver Liberation Front and the Vancouver Yippies. Watson sailed as a crew member aboard the Greenpeace Too! ship in 1971 and skippered
282-586: A physician and a rescue swimmer . The Estonian Border Guard (Piirivalve) is the Estonian security authority responsible for the border security. It is the main support organisation for search and rescue missions in Estonia, and operates a small fleet of SAR vessels and helicopters. In Finland local rescue services (i.e. fire departments) are responsible for land and inland water SAR, the Border Guard
376-451: A "Red Notice is not an international arrest warrant" that it is "a request for any country to identify or locate an individual with a view to their provisional arrest and extradition in accordance with the country's national laws". In May 2012 Watson was detained by German authorities at Frankfurt Airport because of a request from the government of Costa Rica. The charge stemmed from an altercation at sea in 2002 in which Sea Shepherd said that
470-557: A 'protester', but an ' interventionist ', as he considers protesting as too submissive . He often takes the attitude that he represents (or stands in for) law enforcement which is either unwilling or unable to enforce existing laws. His leadership style has variously been called arrogant, as well as pushing himself too much "front and center", which was cited as one of the reasons for expulsion from Greenpeace. The atmosphere aboard his vessels has been compared to an "anarchy run by God". Canadian-American The term Canadian can mean
564-727: A 24/7 basis at Holzdorf Air Base with the Airbus H145 LUH SAR (Light Utility Helikopter Search and Rescue) and at Nörvenich Air Base and 2 at Niederstetten Army Airfield. Further, the Technisches Hilfswerk is a key component of the German disaster relief framework. It is, among other things, regularly involved in urban search and rescue efforts abroad. SAR operations are conducted by the Government Flying Service (GFS) and before 1993 by
658-399: A Sikorsky R-5 performed the first civilian helicopter rescue operation in history, with Sikorsky's chief pilot Dmitry "Jimmy" Viner in the cockpit, using an experimental hoist developed jointly by Sikorsky and Breeze . All five crew members of an oil barge, which had run aground on Penfield Reef , were saved before the barge sank. In 1983, Korean Air Lines Flight 007 with 269 occupants
752-677: A US appeals court on November 6, 2013, stating that neither he nor the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society violated a 2012 order requiring them to leave whaling vessels alone. Although the United States is a signatory member of Interpol, Watson has not been detained for extradition to Japan or Costa Rica. He is living in Vermont , writing books. He was residing in Paris as of July 1, 2014, but has since returned to
846-531: A US passport, complained to media outlets about having his request for an Australian visa denied. He states that the Australian government was attempting to sabotage the upcoming 2010 Sea Shepherd campaign by denying him entry into the country. Watson and several other shipmates were also unable to join the Steve Irwin on its promotional tour of Australia until they were able to provide documentation from
940-435: A body of cancer requires radical and invasive therapy, and therefore, curing the biosphere of the human virus will also require a radical and invasive approach [...] Who should have children? Those who are responsible and completely dedicated to the responsibility which is actually a very small percentage of humans. Paul Watson continued as a crew member, officer, and skipper (in 1972) aboard several Greenpeace voyages throughout
1034-759: A media culture meant developing the skills to understand and manipulate media to achieve strategic objectives." In 2007 Watson explained his view of needed population control and the future for humans given their role in the Holocene extinction , which he refers to as the "Holocenic hominid collective suicide event": Today, escalating human populations have vastly exceeded global carrying capacity and now produce massive quantities of solid, liquid, and gaseous waste [...] No human community should be larger than 20,000 people and separated from other communities by wilderness areas [...] We need to radically and intelligently reduce human populations to fewer than one billion [...] Curing
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#17327980066871128-497: A nationality or an ethnicity . Canadians are considered North Americans due their residing in the North American continent. English-speaking Canadian immigrants easily integrate and assimilate into northern and western U.S. states as a result of many cultural similarities, and in the similar accent in spoken English. French-speaking Canadians , because of language and culture, tend to take longer to assimilate. However, by
1222-461: A small box inside the paper on Tuesday or Wednesday. Watson was explicit about what he perceived to be the lack of truthfulness in mass media: "If you do not know an answer, a fact, or a statistic, then simply follow the example of an American President and do as Ronald Reagan did—make it up on the spot and deliver the information confidently and without hesitation." In a subsequent book, Ocean Warrior , Watson expanded on this view, saying: "Survival in
1316-412: A target by rendering them blind and deaf for a period of time. The Japanese government also alleged that the whalers launched "noise balls", described as "loud explosive deterrent devices". Neither of the two conflicting accounts have been independently verified. The Australian Foreign Affairs Department had condemned "actions by crew members of any vessel that cause injury". Two media releases were made on
1410-494: A tragedy, he felt that the slaughter of hundreds of thousands of seals is an even greater tragedy. Canadian Federal Fisheries Minister Loyola Hearn accused Watson of trivializing the memory of the lost sealers. Watson replied that Hearn was trying to distract attention from his government's incompetence as the boat the men were on capsized while under tow by a Canadian Coast Guard vessel, while his political ambitions continued to support and subsidize an industry that had no place in
1504-546: A violent extremist and will no longer comment on his activities. Watson was sentenced to 10 days in prison and fined $ 8,000 for his actions during a Canadian seal hunt protest in 1980, after being convicted of assaulting a fisheries officer. Watson served his sentence at Her Majesty's Penitentiary , St. John's , Newfoundland and Labrador . He was also found guilty under the Seal Protection Act for painting harp seal pups with red dye to devalue their pelts. Watson
1598-402: A vote of 11 to 1 (Watson himself cast the single vote against it). The group felt his strong, "front and center" personality and frequently voiced opposition to Greenpeace's interpretation of " nonviolence " were too divisive. Watson subsequently left the group. The group has since labeled his actions at the time as those of a "mutineer" within their ranks. That same year, he founded his own group,
1692-635: A whale meat processing factory. Watson took responsibility for the operation, abiding by published Sea Shepherd principles. He went to Iceland saying, "I am responsible for all activities undertaken in the name of Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. I give the orders." He was deported without being charged and is considered a persona non grata by Iceland. In April 2010 the Japanese Coast Guard obtained an arrest warrant for Watson "...on suspicion of ordering sabotage activities against Japan's whaling fleet", and Interpol has listed him as wanted at
1786-574: Is a citizen of Canada and the United States . Watson, a native of Toronto, has been an environmental activist since his teens. He joined a Sierra Club protest against nuclear testing in 1969, and was involved in the early years of Greenpeace . Because Watson argued for a strategy of direct action that conflicted with the Greenpeace interpretation of nonviolence , he was ousted from the board in 1977. Greenpeace has since stated that Watson
1880-584: Is a highly specialised form of rescue for rescuing injured, trapped or lost cave explorers. Urban search and rescue (US&R or USAR), also referred to as Heavy Urban Search and Rescue (HUSAR), is the location and rescue of persons from collapsed buildings or other urban and industrial entrapments. Due to the specialised nature of the work, most teams are multi-disciplinary and include personnel from police, fire and emergency medical services. Unlike traditional ground search and rescue workers, most US&R responders also have basic training in structural collapse and
1974-433: Is carried out at sea to save sailors and passengers in distress, or the survivors of downed aircraft. The type of agency which carries out maritime search and rescue varies by country; it may variously be the coast guard , navy or voluntary organisations. When a distressed or missing vessel is located, these organisations deploy helicopters, rescue vessels or any other appropriate vessel to return them to land. In some cases,
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#17327980066872068-919: Is conducted by the German Maritime Search and Rescue Service with air support by the German Navy , the Federal Police and the German Army Aviation . All incoming requests are coordinated by the Maritime Rescue Coordination Center in Bremen . The DGzRS is a non-governmental organisation entirely supported by donations. Besides the offshore Search And Rescue services, the German Army Aviation provides 3 SAR Command Posts on
2162-563: Is covered by Article 98 of the UNCLOS . There are many different definitions of search and rescue, depending on the agency involved and country in question. One of the world's earliest well-documented SAR efforts ensued following the 1656 wreck of the Dutch merchant ship Vergulde Draeck off the west coast of Australia . Survivors sought help, and in response three separate SAR missions were conducted, without success. On 29 November 1945,
2256-478: Is injured from a grenade detonating close behind him and another injured trying to escape the explosions. Watson is then shown reaching inside his jacket and body armour and remarking "I've been hit." Back inside the bridge of the Steve Irwin , a metal fragment is found inside the vest. The Japanese Institute of Cetacean Research disputes Sea Shepherd's statements. The Institute and Coast Guard said that they used seven stun grenades designed to temporarily debilitate
2350-799: Is organised by the Cyprus Joint Rescue Coordination Center (JRCC Larnaca). The JRCC (Greek: Κέντρο Συντονισμού Έρευνας και Διάσωσης) is an independent agency of the Ministry of Defence of the Republic of Cyprus that started its operations on a 24h basis on 7 August 1995 as a unit of the Cyprus Air Force Command . On 1 March 2002, the JRCC took full responsibility for investigating, organising, coordinating and executing every SAR incident-operation in
2444-820: Is provided by three authorities; the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre (JRCC) at the Australian Maritime Safety Authority (AMSA), the Australian Defence Force (ADF) and the State/Territory Police Jurisdictions. In a very broad sense, the JRCC respond to national and international registered aircraft, off shore marine incidents and beacon activations. The ADF are responsible for Australian and foreign military personnel, vehicles, vessels and aircraft while within
2538-860: Is responsible for maritime areas. These organisations alert and decide on the most suitable response for the location and situation. The country also has several volunteer organisations such as the volunteer fire department (VPK), the Finnish Lifeboat Institution (SMPS) and the Red Cross Finland (SPR). The Société Nationale de Sauvetage en Mer (SNSM) provides sea rescue on the French coast and at seas. In 2016, they helped 7,500 people in 5,200 rescues. The service has 41 all-weather rescue boats, 34 first-class rescue boats and 76 second-class lifeboats. In France, Search and rescue operations are led by different entities according to
2632-463: Is seen as creating stronger affinity among Canadians living in the US than might otherwise exist. According to US Census estimates, the number of Canadian residents was around 640,000 in 2000. Some sources have cited the number to possibly be over 1,000,000. This number, though, is far smaller than the number of Americans who can trace part or the whole of their ancestry to Canada. The percentage of these in
2726-817: Is the framework document that funds international SAR activities. The Canadian Forces have five assigned SAR squadrons: Plus three Combat Support Squadrons with SAR roles: Some municipalities and provinces have their own SAR units: There are also volunteer non-profit associations that conduct SAR in Canada: In Croatia the SAR Service is part of the Croatian Navy and the Croatian Coast Guard with their headquarter in Rijeka . The Cyprus Republic Search and Rescue (SAR) system
2820-647: The Cospas-Sarsat distress beacon detection system. The JRCC's jurisdiction spans Australia and as well as covering 52.8 million square kilometres of the Indian , Pacific and Southern Oceans constituting about 11% of the Earth's surface. The JRCC is staffed by SAR specialists who have a naval, merchant marine , air force, civil aviation or police service background. The JRCC also coordinates medical evacuations, broadcasts maritime safety information and operates
2914-1374: The Cyprus Port and Naval Police , the Cyprus National Guard Naval Command , the Cyprus National Guard Air Force Command , the Cyprus Civil Defence and other secondary units. The JRCC reports directly to the operational control of the Ministry of Defence and it is staffed by qualified personnel of the Cyprus National Guard , mainly from the branches of the Navy and the Air Force . There are also search and rescue teams in Northern Cyprus . Search and rescue operators in Turkish Republic of North Cyprus are primarily: Military Search and rescue operators in Denmark are primarily: Danish air force Squadron 722, Danish navy air squadron , naval home guard and
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3008-828: The Danish Maritime Safety Administration , coordinated by the Joint Rescue Coordination Centre, operated by the navy and air force in the Danish Naval Commands facilities near Aarhus . Internationally the Danish works mainly with Germany , Norway and Sweden . With the two latter, the annual exercises Baltic SAREX and Scan-SAR are conducted. SAR services in Denmark started in 1957 with seven Sikorsky S-55s . Their piston engines produced only 550 hp (410 kW) and they had limited fuel capacity, so their operational range
3102-763: The NSW SES Bush Search and Rescue in New South Wales and Bush Search and Rescue Victoria in Victoria . These state-based groups draw searchers from bushwalking, mountaineering and specialist rescue clubs within their State. A few groups respond on horseback as mounted search and rescue . The State Emergency Service is a collection of volunteer-based emergency organisations established in each state or territory which are responsible for many rescue efforts in urban and rural areas and in any rescue that results from flood or storm activity. In rural areas
3196-853: The North Sea are executed by the Belgian Air Component . From its Koksijde Air Base it operates NH-90 helicopters. Search and rescue duties in Brazil are the responsibility of the Salvarmar Brasil (MRCC Brazil), of the Brazilian Navy and Divisão de Busca e Salvamento (D-SAR) (English: Search and Rescue Division), of the Brazilian Air Force . Air and marine Search and rescue duties in Canada are
3290-652: The United States . In March 2019, Costa Rica dropped all charges against Watson and has removed the Interpol red notice. He has created his own foundation, the Captain Paul Watson Foundation, as Sea Shepherd Conservation Society and the board of Sea Shepherd Global removed him. He has also left the executive office of the Australian branch. In July 2024, Watson was detained in Nuuk by the Danish police, citing an Interpol red notice from Japan. He
3384-589: The "navy" of Earth First! According to The New Yorker , Watson revived the 19th-century practice of tree spiking . Watson worked with the Green Party of British Columbia in Vancouver in the 1980s and 90s. He ran for mayor in 1996, placing fourth. In April 2003, Watson was elected to the board of directors of the Sierra Club for a three-year term. In 2006, he did not seek re-election. He resigned from
3478-423: The 2009–10 whaling season. At an animal rights convention in 2002, Paul Watson was also quoted as saying, "There's nothing wrong with being a terrorist, as long as you win. Then you write the history". In 2010, Fox News commentator Glenn Beck also discussed the comment, criticizing Watson's views. Watson responded to Beck's comments on the official Sea Shepherd website by stating that he had said that but that it
3572-448: The 21st century. In 1978, Watson expressed opposition to seal hunt protest organization, suggesting in an interview with CBC 's Barbara Frum that saving seals is a cheap and easy fundraiser and that seals do not deserve special status over other species. Newfoundland and Labrador Premier Danny Williams was quoted as saying, "I think what a lot of people don't realize is that this man is a terrorist." In October 2009, Watson, who carries
3666-459: The 3rd generation, they are often fully culturally assimilated, and the Canadian identity is more or less folklore. This took place, even though half of the population of the province of Quebec emigrated to the US between 1840 and 1930. Many New England cities formed ' Little Canadas ', but many of these have gradually disappeared. This cultural "invisibility" within the larger US population
3760-551: The Australian SRR. Police are responsible for coastal marine incidents, lost persons, unregistered aircraft, inland waterways, ports and identified beacons. The JRCC operates a 24-hour Rescue Coordination Centre (RCC) in Canberra and is responsible for the national coordination of both maritime and aviation search and rescue. The JRCC is also responsible for the management and operation of the Australian ground segment of
3854-645: The Australian Ship Reporting System (AUSREP). In coordinating search and rescue missions, the JRCC will call on assistance from organisations as appropriate, such as the Defence forces, Border Protection Command , trained aviation organisations (Civil SAR Units), emergency medical helicopters, state Police services and trained Air Observers from the State Emergency Service . There are also other organisations, such as
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3948-638: The Cyprus Republic Search And Rescue system, to co-ordinate, control and direct SAR operations in its area of responsibility (which is identical to the Nicosia FIR ), in order to find and rescue people whose lives are at risk, as a result of an air or naval accident, in the least possible time. This is achieved by coordinating all the different agencies involved such as the Cyprus Police Aviation Unit,
4042-563: The Greenpeace boat Astral in 1972. Paul Watson continued as a crew member, skipper, and officer aboard several Greenpeace voyages throughout the mid-1970s. According to The New Yorker , The New York Times , and other sources, Watson was a founding member of Greenpeace, but the organization denies this stating he "was an influential early member but not, as he sometimes claims, a founder." Greenpeace claims that Watson joined Greenpeace on its Amchitka expedition, which they claim to be their second expedition, but Paul Watson claims that this
4136-483: The Indian Ocean and Pacific trade. In 1972 he shipped out of San Francisco on the 35,000 ton bulk Swedish carrier Jarl R. Trapp and manifested for the Indian Ocean and Pacific trade. Watson has one daughter, Lilliolani (born 1980), with his first wife, Starlet Lum, who was a founding director of Greenpeace Quebec, Earthforce!, Project Wolf, and Sea Shepherd. His second wife, Lisa Distefano, a former Playboy model,
4230-656: The Netherlands pending a ruling on extradition before being released. There have not been any successful attempts at prosecuting Watson for his activities with Sea Shepherd since the trial in Newfoundland. Watson defends his actions as falling within international law , in particular Sea Shepherd's right to enforce maritime regulations against illegal whalers and sealers. Sea Shepherd activists Rod Coronado and David Howitt went to Iceland in 1986 and scuttled two whaling ships in port at Reykjavík and also damaged
4324-517: The New England states is almost 25% of the total population. In some regions of the United States, especially New England or the Midwest , a Canadian American often means one whose ancestors came from Canada. The Connecticut State Senate unanimously passed a bill in 2009, making June 24 Canadian American Day in the state of Connecticut . The bill allows state officials to hold ceremonies at
4418-400: The Republic of Cyprus Search & Rescue Region (SRR). JRCC Larnaca operated as a military unit until 26 July 2010, when JRCC was transformed to an independent agency under the Ministry of Defence with the Minister being responsible for its operational aspects. Logistic and technical support is the responsibility of the Ministry of Communications & Works. Its primary mission is to organise
4512-417: The SES conducts most bush search, vertical and road traffic rescues. In urban areas they assist the police and fire services with USAR. Search and rescue operations in Azerbaijan are managed by the Ministry of Emergency Situations onshore in cooperation with the State Civil Aviation Administration in air and the State Maritime Administration offshore. Search and rescue duties along the Belgian part of
4606-410: The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society in 2013, to abide by an injunction barring him from proximity with Japanese whaling ships. After the resolution of legal issues involving the Japanese Institute for Cetacean Research , Watson returned as President of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society and Commander of the Sea Shepherd fleet. Watson eventually left Sea Shephard for good on September 3, 2022. Watson
4700-405: The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, in 1968 and the early 1970s, he joined the Canadian Coast Guard , where he served aboard weatherships, search and rescue hovercraft, and buoy tenders. He signed up as a merchant seaman in 1969 with the Norwegian Consulate in Vancouver and shipped out on the 30,000 ton bulk carrier Bris as a deckhand. The Bris was registered in Oslo, Norway, and manifested for
4794-417: The Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. During an interview in 1978 with CBC Radio , Watson spoke out against Greenpeace (as well as other organizations) and their role and motives for the anti-sealing campaigns. Watson accused these organizations of campaigning against the Canadian seal hunt because it is an easy way to raise money and it is a profit maker for the organizations. Greenpeace has called Watson
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#17327980066874888-417: The South Pacific in late November 2012. In March 2019, Costa Rica dropped all charges against Watson and has removed the Interpol red notice. On July 21, 2024, he was arrested in Greenland by Danish authorities due to the red notice issued by Japan against him in 2012. His arrest was announced by Neptune's Pirates. The organization criticizes this decision, arguing that "after having been posted online for years,
4982-519: The United States focus on Canadian-American studies, including the Canadian-American Center at the University of Maine , the Center for Canadian American studies at Western Washington University , and the University at Buffalo Canadian-American Studies Committee. Search and rescue Search and rescue ( SAR ) is the search for and provision of aid to people who are in distress or imminent danger. The general field of search and rescue includes many specialty sub-fields, typically determined by
5076-466: The United States, Canada, Norway , Costa Rica and Japan. He was detained in Germany on an extradition request by Costa Rica in May 2012. An Interpol red notice was issued on September 14, 2012, at the request of Japan and Costa Rica. After staying at sea for 15 months following his escape from Germany, where he was released on bail, he returned to Los Angeles in late October 2013, going through customs and "was not arrested". He appeared before
5170-507: The agencies may carry out an air-sea rescue (ASR). This refers to the combined use of aircraft (such as flying boats , floatplanes , amphibious helicopters and non-amphibious helicopters equipped with hoists) and surface vessels. Another type of Maritime search and rescue is Submarine rescue . The International Convention on Maritime Search and Rescue (SAR Convention) is the legal framework that applies to international maritime and air-sea rescue. The Australian search and rescue service
5264-497: The backing of the anti-immigration faction Sierrans for US Population Stabilization (SUSPS). After his election to the board in 2003, Watson supported an unsuccessful slate of candidates supporting strict immigration controls as an element of a population stabilization policy. This effort was denounced by another candidate in the election, Morris Dees of the Southern Poverty Law Center , as a "hostile takeover" attempt by "radical anti-immigrant activists." Watson responded by saying that
5358-414: The board a month before his term ended, in protest against the organization's sponsorship of a "Why I Hunt" essay contest. In January 2008, Paul Watson was named by The Guardian as one of its "50 people who could save the planet" for the work of the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. Watson published Earthforce! , a guide to strategy for environmental activists in 1993. In it, he specifically endorsed
5452-451: The capitol and other places each year to honor Americans of Canadian ancestry. As a consequence of Article 3 of the Jay Treaty of 1794, official First Nations status, or in the United States, Native American status, also confers the right to live and work on either side of the border. Unlike the U.S., Canada has not codified the Jay Treaty. Canadian courts readily reject the Jay Treaty free passage of goods right. Some institutions in
5546-405: The crash site and recovered the flight recorders . In early 2014, Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 crashed under mysterious circumstances. Many nations contributed to the initial SAR effort, which was fruitless. In June 2014, the Australian Transport Safety Bureau commissioned the MV Fugro Equator to lead a three-month survey of the ocean bed. As of 2014 , the search for Flight 370 had become
5640-474: The dangers associated with live electrical wires, broken natural gas lines and other hazards. While earthquakes have traditionally been the cause of US&R operations, terrorist attacks and extreme weather such as tornadoes and hurricanes have also resulted in the deployment of these resources. Combat search and rescue (CSAR) is search and rescue operations that are carried out during war that are within or near combat zones. Maritime search and rescue
5734-530: The decks of whaling ships, the use of " prop foulers " in an attempt to sabotage the ships, boarding whaling vessels, and the scuttling of two ships in an Icelandic harbor. In January 2013, Watson relinquished captaincy of the Steve Irwin . The organization and its activities to halt whaling are the focus of a reality TV series, Whale Wars , airing on Animal Planet . In 2010, Watson personally received more than $ 120,000 from Sea Shepherd. Because of mounting legal complications, Watson stepped down as head of
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#17327980066875828-441: The governments of the United States, Canada and Norway, exonerating them from previously claimed acts of violence, specifically claims by Sea Shepherd of intentionally sinking a ship in Norway. In January 2013, Paul Watson was presented with an Aboriginal passport (classified as a fantasy passport and not recognised by the Australian government) by the Krautungalung people of the Gunnai Nation. On March 17, 2008, Watson said that he
5922-409: The incident made by the documentary film makers was shown. On May 21, Watson was released on bail of €250,000 but required to report to police in Frankfurt on a daily basis. In June, Costa Rica formally requested Watson's extradition from Germany. On July 19, 2012, Japan applied for an extradition order and Watson left Germany, resulting in a German court ordering his immediate re-arrest. It is understood
6016-484: The issue of whaling in the Southern Ocean . On September 3, 2022, Watson announced that he was leaving Sea Shepherd and setting up a new organisation, the Captain Paul Watson Foundation. Watson said "the reason I called it that is because it's pretty hard for anyone to infiltrate and take over an organisation that included my name". In December 2022 the foundation announced their first ship, 'the John Paul Dejoria II '. Watson has stated that he does not consider himself
6110-584: The largest SAR to date. Ground search and rescue is the search for persons who are lost or in distress on land or inland waterways. People may go missing for a variety of reasons. Some may disappear voluntarily, due to issues like domestic abuse . Others disappear for involuntary reasons such as mental illness, getting lost, an accident, death in a location where they cannot be found or, less commonly, due to abduction . Ground search and rescue missions that occur in urban areas should not be confused with "urban search and rescue", which in many jurisdictions refers to
6204-691: The location and extraction of people from collapsed buildings or other entrapments. In some countries, the police are the primary agency for carrying out searches for a missing person on land. Some places have voluntary search and rescue teams that can be called out to assist these searches. Search and rescue agencies may contain small specialist teams for executing operations where there are specific environmental risks. Examples include swift water rescue, flood response, technical rope rescue, confined space rescue, over-snow rescue, and thin ice rescue. Mountain rescue relates to search and rescue operations specifically in rugged and mountainous terrain. Cave rescue
6298-404: The mass media today is such that the truth is irrelevant. What is true and what is right to the general public is what is defined as true and right by the mass media. Ronald Reagan understood that the facts are not relevant. The media reported what he said as fact. Follow-up investigation was "old news." A headline comment on Monday's newspaper far outweighs the revelation of inaccuracy revealed in
6392-429: The mid-1970s. He considers himself a founding member of Greenpeace and Greenpeace International , a claim Greenpeace disputes despite being pointed out in the documentary, How to Change the World which shows that Watson was indeed one of the original founding members of Greenpeace. Watson has since accused Greenpeace of rewriting their history. In 1977, Watson was expelled from the Greenpeace's board of directors by
6486-419: The naval vessels at sea. The EH-101s operate from bases in Aalborg , Skrydstrup and Roskilde . When the sea water temperatures are low a helicopter is also deployed to the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea . The Lynx operates from Karup . Maritime vessels are spread out through the entire coastline and on islands. The S-61s and EH-101s have a crew of six: two pilots , a navigator , a flight engineer ,
6580-558: The non-profit Westpac Life Saver Rescue Helicopter Service that is based at a number of sites around Australia and contracted by various authorities to deliver search and rescue services. State Police in many states operate state-based search and rescue squads, such as the Victoria Police Search and Rescue Squad , which provides specialist expertise, advice and practical assistance in land search and rescue on most terrain including snow and vertical cliff search and rescue. There are also state-based volunteer search and rescue groups such as
6674-439: The notice had recently disappeared from the Interpol website, leading Paul Watson and his lawyers to believe that he was now free of his movements”. On October 2, the Nuuk court ordered Paul Watson to remain in custody until October 23, in order to ensure his presence in the context of the extradition decision by the Danish courts. In 1999, Watson ran unsuccessfully for election to the national Sierra Club Board of Directors, with
6768-503: The only change he was seeking in the organization's immigration stance was to restore the position it had held before its 1996 "neutrality policy." Watson left the Sierra Club board in 2006. In April 2008, Watson stated that, while the deaths of three Canadian seal hunters (a fourth one is still missing) in a marine accident involving a Canadian Coast Guard vessel and a fishing boat during the 2008 Canadian Commercial Seal Hunt were
6862-489: The other vessel was illegally shark finning in Guatemalan waters. Crew members of the other ship accused Sea Shepherd of trying to kill them. Watson was charged with violating navigational regulations with the Interpol alert stating the charge as peligro de naufragio ("danger of shipwreck"). The conflict took place during filming for the documentary Sharkwater and the charges were dropped by prosecutors after video of
6956-771: The provision of maritime SAR is assigned to the Minister of Fisheries and Oceans by the Canada Shipping Act and the Canada Oceans Act . Ground and inland water search and rescue (GSAR) is the responsibility of provinces and territories with the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) and other police forces coordinating operations, often using volunteer GSAR teams operating in specific areas under provincial coordinating bodies. The Canada Shipping Act, most recently passed in 2001,
7050-522: The request of Japan. The red notice has the charges issued by Japan as, "Breaking into the Vessel, Damage to Property, Forcible Obstruction of Business, Injury". In March 2012 Interpol issued a "written statement to all 190 member countries making it clear that it would not publish a Red Notice" for the detention of Watson, but reversed that position in September 2012. In both statements Interpol stated that
7144-459: The rescue area. For sea rescue, the French navy use airborne unit (e.g. Flottille 33F in Brittany) and specialized boats (e.g. "L'abeille Bourbon"). In Mountains, French gendarmerie is equipped with EC-145 'chouka'. In the other areas, French civil protection agency "Securité Civile" works with paramedics, fire unit and hospital mobile unit using EC-145 'Dragon'. Search and Rescue in German waters
7238-564: The responsibility of the Canadian Forces and Canadian Coast Guard in conjunction with volunteer organisations. The Department of National Defence (DND) has overall responsibility for the coordinated search and rescue system. SAR operations are organised by Joint Rescue Coordination Centres (JRCC). The JRCC are staffed 24 hours a day by SAR Co-ordinators from the Canadian Coast Guard and Canadian Forces. Authority for
7332-606: The same day from the office. One said that the Australian Embassy in Tokyo had been informed by the Japanese that the whalers had "fired warning shots" while the updated version used the phrase "'warning balls' – also known as 'flashbangs' – had been fired". Watson has been called an eco-terrorist by the Japanese government for his direct action tactics against whalers, and it repeated its position after conflicts during
7426-810: The ships patrolling the North Atlantic, but also supported the S-55s. In 1964–1965 the seven S-55s were replaced with eight Sikorsky S-61A helicopters. In 2007, the Danish Defence held a public display in Horsens , to raise awareness about rescue services and maritime safety. Maritime SAR is important because Denmark has a relative long coast line to its land mass. In 2008, the SAR forces in Denmark were equipped with eight EH-101, one or two Lynx, 34 naval home guard vessels and 21 rescue vessels, as well as
7520-584: The statute of limitations on his Costa Rican charges was set to expire in June 2013. On August 7, 2012, Interpol renewed the Red Notice for Watson on the charges of "causing a danger of drowning or of an air disaster" laid by Costa Rica. It was reported that Watson would come out of hiding to join Sea Shepherd in the 2012–13 campaign against Japanese whaling. Watson rejoined the crew of the Steve Irwin in
7614-517: The tactics of " monkeywrenching " previously described by Dave Foreman and Edward Abbey. According to Foreman in Eco-Defense—The Field Guide to Monkey-Wrenching— these are tactics of sabotage, covert activity, and direct action. Watson says he incorporated his own personal experience in writing the book. In Earthforce! An Earth Warrior's Guide to Strategy , Watson expressed disdain for the truthfulness of mainstream media: The nature of
7708-502: The type of terrain the search is conducted over. These include mountain rescue ; ground search and rescue, including the use of search and rescue dogs (such as K9 units ); urban search and rescue in cities; combat search and rescue on the battlefield and air-sea rescue over water. International Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) is a UN organisation that promotes the exchange of information between national urban search and rescue organisations. The duty to render assistance
7802-501: The worst natural disasters in the history of civilization". In 2013, three Sea Shepherd Conservation Society ships docked in New Zealand and were searched by New Zealand authorities to see if Watson was aboard. He was not, having transferred to another ship in international waters, aware New Zealand was required to notify Interpol if he entered the country. Watson criticised the search, accusing New Zealand of siding with Japan on
7896-699: Was Greenpeace's first meeting. The first Sea Shepherd vessel, the Sea Shepherd , was purchased in December 1978 with assistance from the Fund for Animals and the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals. Sea Shepherd soon established itself as one of the more controversial environmental groups, known for provocative direct action tactics. These tactics have included throwing objects onto
7990-616: Was Sea Shepherd's Director of Operations during the Makah anti-whaling campaigns in Friday Harbor. His third wife, Allison Lance, is an animal rights activist and a volunteer crew member of Sea Shepherd. Watson has two grandchildren. Watson married his fourth wife Yana Rusinovich on February 14, 2015, in Paris. Watson and Rusinovich have two sons. Watson ran for parliament in Canada's federal elections twice. In October 1969, Watson joined
8084-507: Was a field correspondent for Defenders of Wildlife from 1976 to 1980 and a field representative for the Fund for Animals from 1978 to 1981. Watson also was a co-founder of Friends of the Wolf and Earthforce Environmental Society . During the 1980s, Watson declared his support for Earth First! and cultivated friendships with David Foreman and Edward Abbey . He proclaimed Sea Shepherd to be
8178-404: Was an influential early member, but not one of the founders of Greenpeace. That same year, he formed the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society. The group was the subject of a reality show named Whale Wars . He promotes veganism , population reduction and a biocentric , rather than anthropocentric , worldview. Watson's activities have led to legal action from authorities in countries including
8272-542: Was arrested in 1993 in Canada on charges stemming from actions against Cuban and Spanish fishing boats off the coast of Newfoundland. In 1997, Watson was convicted in absentia and sentenced to serve 120 days in jail by a court in Lofoten , Norway, on charges of attempting to sink the small scale Norwegian fishing and whaling vessel Nybrænna on December 26, 1992. Dutch authorities refused to hand him over to Norwegian authorities although he did spend 80 days in detention in
8366-729: Was born in Toronto , the oldest child to Anthony Joseph Watson and Annamarie Larsen, and grew up in St. Andrews, New Brunswick , along with two younger sisters and three younger brothers. As a child he was a member of the Kindness Club , which he has credited with teaching him to "respect and defend animals". After working as a tour guide at Expo 67 , the World's Fair that took place in Montreal in 1967, Watson moved to Vancouver . According to
8460-520: Was expected to stay in pre-trial detention until 2 October 2024; Watson and the Captain Paul Watson Foundation have filed an appeal with the Supreme Court to have the decision set aside. On October 2, the Nuuk court ordered Paul Watson to remain in custody until October 23, pending the decision on his extradition by the Danish courts. According to the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, Paul Watson
8554-484: Was short. To increase the operational area, Pembroke twin-engined fixed-wing aircraft were employed for search. These aircraft would localise the distressed person(s) and the S-55s would then rescue them. The SAR service was started for respond to fighter-plane crashes as 79 aircraft crashed, with 62 dead, in the period 1950–1955., but civilian SAR duties are also conducted. In 1962, eight ship-based Aérospatiale Alouette IIIs were received. These were primarily meant for
8648-610: Was shot by the Japanese crew or coast guard personnel during the Operation Migaloo anti-whaling campaign in the Southern Ocean . The incident is documented during the season finale of season 1 of the Whale Wars TV reality show, and the first six episodes are covered as a buildup to what is portrayed as the major incident during the campaign. The Japanese respond by throwing stun grenades , one crew member
8742-528: Was shot down by a Soviet aircraft near Sakhalin . The Soviets sent SAR helicopters and boats to Soviet waters, while a search and rescue operation was initiated by U.S., South Korean, and Japanese ships and aircraft in international waters, but no survivors were found. In July 2009, Air France Flight 447 was lost in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean. An international SAR effort was launched, to no avail. A third effort nearly two years later discovered
8836-443: Was taken out of context, paraphrasing Gerald Seymour 's "One man's terrorist is another's freedom fighter". Watson was criticized for his poem published immediately following the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami which suggested the disaster was Neptune's anger. Watson responded to critics with a commentary on the Sea Shepherd website expressing "deepest concern and sympathy for the people of Japan who are suffering through one of
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