106-667: The Hyde Park Estate is a residential district in the Paddington area of London. It is an affluent area, characterised by a layout of squares and crescents, and is home to several embassies, prestigious businesses and celebrities. The estate covers a triangular area, centred on Hyde Park Square , roughly located south-east of Sussex Gardens , west of the Edgware Road and north of Bayswater Road, between Lancaster Gate and Marble Arch . It includes Connaught Square and Connaught Village , Water Gardens , Norfolk Crescent and
212-529: A partible inheritance : his eldest surviving son, Henry, would inherit England, Normandy and Anjou; Richard (his mother's favourite) would inherit the Duchy of Aquitaine; Geoffrey would inherit Brittany; and John would inherit Ireland. This resulted in further conflict. The younger Henry rebelled again, but died of dysentery . Geoffrey died in 1186 after an accident in a tournament. In 1189, Richard and Philip II of France reasserted their various claims, exploiting
318-477: A challenge to his authority. Becket later excommunicated those who had offended him. When he received this news, Henry said: "What miserable drones and traitors have I nurtured and promoted in my household who let their lord be treated with such shameful contempt by a low-born clerk." Four of Henry's knights killed Becket in Canterbury Cathedral after Becket resisted a failed arrest attempt. Henry
424-540: A daughter who died as a child: Evidence for Edward's involvement in legal reform is hard to find but his reign saw a major programme of legal change. Much of the drive and determination is likely to have come from the king and his experience of the baronial reform movement of the late 1250s and early 1260s. With the Statutes of Mortmain , Edward imposed his authority over the Church; the statutes prohibited land donation to
530-552: A large portion of it spent on a network of castles. Edward asserted that the king of Scotland owed him feudal allegiance, and intended to unite the two nations by marrying his son Edward to Margaret , the sole heir of King Alexander III . When Margaret died in 1290, competition for the Scottish crown ensued. By invitation of Scottish magnates, Edward I resolved the dispute, ruling in favour of John Balliol , who duly swore loyalty to him and became king. Edward insisted that he
636-579: A levy on local businesses. Development schemes for St. Mary's Hospital and Paddington Square are likely to commence in this period, and the impact of the opening of the Elizabeth line in 2018 would be soon felt. Paddington has a number of Anglican churches, including St James's , St Mary Magdalene , St David's Welsh Church and St Peter's. In addition, there is a large Muslim population in and around Paddington. House of Plantagenet The House of Plantagenet ( /plænˈtædʒənət/ plan-TAJ-ə-nət )
742-414: A noble named Ingelger , whose recorded history dates from 870. During the 10th and 11th centuries, power struggles occurred between rulers in northern and western France, including those of Anjou, Normandy , Brittany , Poitou , Blois and Maine , and the kings of France. In the early 12th century, Geoffrey of Anjou married Empress Matilda , King Henry I 's only surviving legitimate child and heir to
848-522: A shanty-town in the 1790s before the Canal was built and brought much needed employment to its inhabitants. The area was built up during the course of the Napoleonic Wars . In the 19th century the part of the parish most sandwiched between Edgware Road and Westbourne Terrace , Gloucester Terrace and Craven Hill , bounded to the south by Bayswater Road, was known as Tyburnia. The district formed
954-494: A territory or place of birth, eg., House of Normandy , House of Wessex . "Angevin" can also refer to the period of history in which they reigned. Many historians identify the Angevins as a distinct English royal house. "Angevin" is also used in reference to any sovereign or government derived from Anjou. As a noun, it refers to any native of Anjou or an Angevin ruler, and specifically to other counts and dukes of Anjou , including
1060-533: A treaty that required Edward to pay homage in France to Charles. Edward resigned Aquitaine and Ponthieu to his son Edward , who travelled to France to give homage in his stead. With the English heir in her power, Isabella refused to return to England unless Edward II dismissed his favourites, and she became the mistress of Roger Mortimer . The couple invaded England and, with Henry, 3rd Earl of Lancaster , captured
1166-555: Is a falsification of an existing letter and that was not in fact Adrian's intention. It originally allowed Henry's brother William some territory. Henry did not personally act on this until 1171, by which time William was already dead. He invaded Ireland to assert his authority over knights who had accrued autonomous power after they recruited soldiers in England and Wales and colonised Ireland with his permission. Henry later gave Ireland to his youngest son, John. In 1172, Henry gave John
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#17328008442121272-804: Is an area in the City of Westminster , in central London, England. A medieval parish then a metropolitan borough of the County of London , it was integrated with Westminster and Greater London in 1965. Paddington station , designed by the engineer Isambard Kingdom Brunel opened in 1847. It is also the site of St Mary's Hospital and the former Paddington Green Police Station . Paddington Waterside aims to regenerate former railway and canal land. Districts within Paddington are Maida Vale , Westbourne and Bayswater including Lancaster Gate . The earliest extant references to Padington (or "Padintun", as in
1378-607: Is in London fare zone 1 . Great Western Railway services from Paddington run towards Slough , Maidenhead and Reading , with intercity services continuing towards destinations in South West England and South Wales , including Oxford , Worcester , Bristol , Cardiff , Exeter , Plymouth and Penzance . The Elizabeth line , operated by Transport for London (TfL), runs a stopping service from Paddington to Reading, either as part of through-running services from
1484-571: Is now known as Merchant Square. A former transshipment facility, the surrounds of the canal basin named Merchant Square have been redeveloped to provide 2,000,000 sq ft (190,000 m ) of offices, homes, shops and leisure facilities. The redeveloped basin has some innovative features including Heatherwicks Rolling Bridge , the Merchant Square Fan Bridge and the Floating Pocket Park. Situated to
1590-449: Is reputedly named after Robert Browning , the poet. More recently known as the "Little Venice Lagoon" it contains a small islet known as Browning's Island. Although Browning was thought to have coined the name "Little Venice" for this spot there are strong arguments Lord Byron was responsible. Paddington station is the iconic landmark associated with the area. In the station are statues of its designer, Isambard Kingdom Brunel , and
1696-517: The Histoire de Guillaume le Maréchal . As a result of John's behaviour the powerful Thouars, Lusignan, and des Roches families rebelled and John lost control of Anjou, Maine, Touraine, and northern Poitou. His son, King Henry III, maintained the claim to the Angevin territories until December 1259 when he formally surrendered them and in return was granted Gascony as duke of Aquitaine and a vassal of
1802-492: The Clothworkers' Company . Jane Small continued to live in Paddington after her second husband's death, and her manor house was big enough to have been let to Sir John Popham, the attorney general, in the 1580s. They let the building that became in this time Blowers Inn . As the regional population grew in the 17th century, Paddington's ancient Hundred of Ossulstone was split into divisions; Holborn Division replaced
1908-539: The Colne Valley , and Aylesbury . The Paddington Basin is in the area, as is Little Venice . A towpath runs unbroken from Paddington to Hayes. The Rolling Bridge at the Paddington Basin was designed by Thomas Heatherwick , who wanted to create a bridge that, instead of breaking apart to let boats through, would "get out of the way" instead. Heatherwick's website cites the "fluid, coiling tails of
2014-594: The Domesday Book of 1086. It has been reasonably speculated that a Saxon settlement led by the followers of Padda , an Anglo-Saxon chieftain, was located around the intersection of the northern and western Roman roads, corresponding with the Edgware Road ( Watling Street ) and the Harrow and Uxbridge Roads. From the tenth century, Paddington was owned by Westminster Abbey which was later confirmed by
2120-664: The English Middle Ages both met their end with the death of King Richard III. Henry VII , a Lancastrian, became king of England; five months later he married Elizabeth of York , thus ending the Wars of the Roses and giving rise to the Tudor dynasty . The Tudors worked to centralise English royal power, which allowed them to avoid some of the problems that had plagued the last Plantagenet rulers. The resulting stability allowed for
2226-630: The English Renaissance and the advent of early modern Britain . Every English, and later United Kingdom , monarch from Henry VII to present has been a descendant of the Plantagenets. In the 15th century, near the end of the dynastic line, Richard of York, 3rd Duke of York , adopted Plantagenet as his family name. Plantegenest (or Plante Genest ) had been a 12th-century nickname for his ancestor Geoffrey , Count of Anjou and Duke of Normandy . One of many popular theories suggests
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#17328008442122332-634: The Grand Junction Canal (which became the Grand Union Canal in 1929) dwindled because of railway competition in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, and freight then moved from rail to road after World War II, leading to the abandonment of the goods yards in the early 1980s. The land lay derelict until the Paddington Waterside Partnership was established in 1998 to co-ordinate the regeneration of
2438-573: The Holy Roman Emperor , and his half-brother William attacked from the north. He also brought his niece Eleanor of Brittany, aiming to establish her as Duchess of Brittany. The plan failed when John's allies were defeated at the Battle of Bouvines . Otto retreated and was soon overthrown, William was captured by the French and John agreed to a five-year truce. From then on John also gave up
2544-468: The Plantagenet kings in a charter from 1222. This charter mentions a chapel and a farm situated in the area. While a 12th-century document cited by the cleric Isaac Maddox (1697–1759) establishes that part of the land was held by brothers "Richard and William de Padinton". They and their descendants carried out activities in Paddington; these were known by records dating from 1168 to 1485. They were
2650-607: The Provisions of Oxford , under which his debts were paid in exchange for substantial reforms. In France, with the Treaty of Paris , Henry formally surrendered the territory of his Angevin ancestors to Louis IX of France , receiving in return the title duke of Aquitaine and the territory of Gascony as a vassal of the French king. Disagreements between the barons and the king intensified. The barons, under Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester , captured most of southeast England in
2756-523: The Regent's Canal ; its overlap is the artisan and touristic neighbourhood of Little Venice . In the east of the district around Paddington Green it remains divided from Marylebone by Edgware Road (as commonly heard in spoken form, the Edgware Road). In the south west it is bounded by its south and western offshoot Bayswater . A final offshoot, Westbourne , rises to the north west. Paddington
2862-530: The Saxon Chartularies , 959 ), historically a part of Middlesex , appear in documentation of purported tenth-century land grants to the monks of Westminster by Edgar the Peaceful as confirmed by Archbishop Dunstan . However, the documents' provenance is much later and likely to have been forged after the 1066 Norman conquest . There is no mention of the place (or Westbourne or Knightsbridge) in
2968-532: The Second Barons' War . At the Battle of Lewes in 1264, Henry and Prince Edward were defeated and taken prisoner. De Montfort assembled the Great Parliament , recognized as the first Parliament because it was the first time the cities and boroughs had sent representatives. Edward escaped, raised an army and defeated and killed de Montfort at the Battle of Evesham in 1265. Savage retribution
3074-496: The Treaty of Lambeth after Marshal's victories at the battles of Lincoln and Sandwich in 1217. The Marshal regime issued an amended Magna Carta as a basis for future government. Despite the Treaty of Lambeth, hostilities continued and Henry was forced to compromise with the newly crowned Louis VIII of France and Henry's stepfather, Hugh X of Lusignan . They both overran much of Henry's remaining continental lands, further eroding
3180-550: The children's fiction character Paddington Bear . The terminus of the Paddington Arm of the Grand Union Canal was originally known as the Paddington Basin and all the land to the south was developed into housing and commercial property and titled The Grand Junction Estate. The majority of the housing was bounded by Praed Street, Sussex Gardens , Edgware Road and Norfolk Place. Land and buildings not used for
3286-495: The 1860s in this neighbourhood as Bayswater Road . They were toll roads in much of the 18th century, before and after the dismantling of the permanent Tyburn gallows "tree" at their junction in 1759 a junction now known as Marble Arch. The Tyburn gallows might have been a reason why expansion and urban development (from London) slowed in Paddington; as public execution was taking place there up until 1783. Only in 1801 did major construction to Paddington occur. This happened when
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3392-452: The 18th century, several French Huguenots called Paddington village home. These included jewellers, nobility and skilled craftsmen; and men such as Claudius Amyand (surgeon to King George II ). The French nobility built magnificent gardens that lasted up until the 19th century. Roman roads formed the parish's northeastern and southern boundaries from Marble Arch : Watling Street (later Edgware Road ) and; (the) Uxbridge road, known by
3498-470: The Angevin territory with comparable finances. Nick Barratt has calculated that Angevin resources available for use in the war were 22 per cent less than those of Philip, putting the Angevins at a disadvantage. By 1214, John had re-established his authority in England and planned what Gillingham has called a grand strategy to recapture Normandy and Anjou. The plan was that John would draw the French from Paris , while another army, under his nephew Otto IV ,
3604-483: The Angevins' power on the continent. In his political struggles, Henry perceived many similarities between himself and England's patron saint, Edward the Confessor . Consequently, he named his first son Edward and built the existing magnificent shrine for the Confessor. In early 1225, a great council approved a tax of £40,000 to dispatch an army, which quickly retook Gascony. During an assembly feudal prerogatives of
3710-627: The Church, asserted the rights of the Crown at the expense of traditional feudal privileges, promoted the uniform administration of justice, raised income and codified the legal system. His military campaigns left him in heavy debt and when Philip IV of France confiscated the Duchy of Gascony in 1294, Edward needed funds to wage war in France. When Edward summoned a precedent-setting assembly in order to raise more taxes for military finance, he included lesser landowners and merchants. The resulting parliament included barons, clergy, knights, and burgesses for
3816-555: The Elizabeth line terminus at Reading. Elizabeth line services link the Paddington area both to destinations in west London and Berkshire and to the centre and eastern side of London. Trains to Heathrow Airport also depart from Paddington, operated both by the Elizabeth line (stopping services via Ealing Broadway ) and the Heathrow Express (no intermediate stops). There are two London Underground (tube) stations in
3922-592: The English maternal inheritance and Geoffrey the Angevin paternal inheritance. This would separate the realms of England and Anjou. In order to secure an orderly succession, Geoffrey and Matilda sought more power from Henry I, but quarrelled with him after the king refused to give them power that might be used against him. When he died in December 1135, the couple were in Anjou, allowing Matilda's cousin Stephen to seize
4028-527: The English throne from the House of Normandy . As a result of this marriage, Geoffrey's son Henry II inherited the English throne as well as Norman and Angevin titles, thus marking the beginning of the Angevin and Plantagenet dynasties. The marriage was the third attempt of Geoffrey's father, Fulk V, Count of Anjou , to build a political alliance with Normandy. He first espoused his daughter, Matilda , to William Adelin , Henry I's heir. After William drowned in
4134-538: The Grand Union Canal towpath. The route, when complete, will run signposted and unbroken to Keswick , Cumbria . Within the M25, the route will pass through Hayes, Uxbridge and Watford . Santander Cycles, a London-wide bike sharing system, operates in Paddington, with several docking stations in the area. The Paddington Arm of the Grand Union Canal runs from Paddington to Hayes , via Westbourne Park and Willesden . Beyond Hayes, onward destinations include Slough ,
4240-408: The Paddington frisk; to be hanged." Public executions were abolished in England in 1868. The Paddington district is centred around Paddington railway station . The conventional recognised boundary of the district is much smaller than the longstanding pre-mid-19th century parish. That parish was virtually equal to the borough abolished in 1965. It is divided from a northern offshoot Maida Vale by
4346-447: The Paddington station complex. The Bakerloo , Circle and District lines call at the station on Praed Street (which, from the main concourse, is opposite platform 3). This links Paddington directly to destinations across Central and West London, including Baker Street , Earl's Court , Oxford Circus , South Kensington , Victoria , Waterloo , Westminster and Wimbledon . The Circle and Hammersmith & City lines call at
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4452-717: The Plantagenet territories on the European mainland by supporting his vassal Arthur's claim to the English crown. John won a significant victory while preventing Arthur's forces from capturing his mother, seizing the entire rebel leadership at the Battle of Mirebeau and his sister Eleanor, Fair Maid of Brittany . John disregarded his allies' opinions on the fate of the prisoners, many of them their neighbours and kinsmen. Instead he kept his prisoners so vilely and in such evil distress that it seemed shameful and ugly to all those who were with him and who saw this cruelty, according to
4558-718: The Victorian Anglo-Saxon scholar John Mitchell Kemble . There is another Paddington in Surrey , recorded in the Domesday Book as "Padendene" and later as "Paddingdon", perhaps to be derived from Old English dene, denu "valley", whereas Paddington in Middlesex is commonly traced back to Old English tūn "farm, homestead, town". Both place names share the same first part, a personal name rendered as Pad(d)a , of uncertain origin, giving "Padda's valley" for
4664-472: The accession of Henry II , until 1485, when Richard III died. England was transformed under the Plantagenets, although only partly intentionally. The Plantagenet kings were often forced to negotiate compromises such as Magna Carta , which constrained royal power in return for financial and military support. The king was no longer just the most powerful man in the nation, holding the prerogative of judgement, feudal tribute and warfare, but had defined duties to
4770-417: The age of nine, Henry was repeatedly sent to England to be the male figurehead of the campaigns, since it became apparent that he would become king if England were conquered. In 1141, Stephen was captured at the Battle of Lincoln and later exchanged for Robert, who had also been captured. Geoffrey continued the conquest of Normandy and, in 1150, transferred the duchy to Henry while retaining the primary role in
4876-420: The aging Henry's failing health. Henry was forced to accept humiliating peace terms, including naming Richard his sole heir. The old King died two days later, defeated and miserable. French and English contemporary moralists viewed this fate as retribution for the murder of Becket; even his favourite legitimate son, John, had rebelled although the constantly loyal illegitimate son Geoffrey remained with Henry until
4982-525: The ancestors of the three kings who formed the English royal house; their cousins, who held the crown of Jerusalem ; and to unrelated members of the French royal family who were later granted the titles and formed different dynasties, such as the Capetian House of Anjou and the Valois House of Anjou . Consequently, there is disagreement between those who consider John's son, Henry III , to be
5088-530: The animatronic dinosaurs of Jurassic Park " as the initial influence behind the Bridge. The Regent's Canal begins at Little Venice, heading east towards Maida Vale , Regent's Park , Camden Town , King's Cross , Old Street and Mile End en route to Limehouse . A towpath runs along the canal from Paddington to Limehouse, broken only by the Maida Hill and Islington tunnels. Commercial traffic on
5194-466: The area between the Westway, Praed Street and Westbourne Terrace. This includes major developments on the goods yard site (now branded Paddington Central) and around the canal ( Paddington Basin ). As of October 2017 much of these developments have been completed and are in use. PaddingtonNow BID put forward a renewal bid in 2017 covering the period April 2018 to March 2023, which would be supported by
5300-475: The bishops leased land to the Grand Junction Canal , where a direct trade link could now take place between London and the Midlands , bringing more employment to the area. The canal would remain dominant until Regent's Canal was built in 1820. Construction and building projects would take place from east to west and south to north throughout the 19th century; increasing its population in a rapid pace, overtaking
5406-463: The blossom of the common broom , a bright yellow ("gold") flowering plant, called genista in medieval Latin , as the source of the nickname. It is uncertain why Richard of York chose this specific name, although during the Wars of the Roses (1455–1487) it emphasised Richard's status as Geoffrey's patrilineal descendant. The retrospective usage of the name for all of Geoffrey's male-line descendants
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#17328008442125512-745: The canal undertaking remained after 1929 with the renamed Grand Junction Company, which functioned as a property company. While retaining its own name, it was taken over in 1972 by the Amalgamated Investment and Property Company, which went into liquidation in 1976. Prior to the liquidation the Welbeck Estate Securities Group acquired the entire estate comprising 525 houses 15 shops and the Royal Exchange public House in Sale Place. The surrounding area
5618-623: The castles of Chinon , Loudun and Mirebeau as a wedding gift. This angered Henry's eighteen-year-old son, Henry the Young King , who believed that those were his. A rebellion by Henry II's wife and three eldest sons ensued. Louis VII of France supported the rebellion. William the Lion , king of the Scots, and others joined the revolt. After eighteen months, Henry subdued the rebels. In Le Mans in 1182, Henry II gathered his children to plan
5724-467: The central and eastern parts of the Elizabeth line or starting from Paddington. These trains mostly depart from the deep-level Elizabeth line platforms underneath the western side of the mainline station. These deep-level Elizabeth line tracks emerge above ground adjacent to the mainline tracks just west of Royal Oak tube station and join them at that point, thereafter sharing the relief line tracks with some Great Western Railway stopping services as far as
5830-540: The centrepiece of an 1824 masterplan by Samuel Pepys Cockerell to redevelop the Tyburn Estate (historic lands of the Bishop of London) into a residential area to rival Belgravia . The area was laid out in the mid-1800s when grand squares and cream- stuccoed terraces started to fill the acres between Paddington station and Hyde Park; however, the plans were never realised in full. Despite this, Thackeray described
5936-666: The church of St John's, Hyde Park . The Hyde Park Estate was developed in the nineteenth century on land owned by the Bishop of London and was originally known as the Paddington Estate. Ownership then passed to the Church Commissioners who remain the primary freeholders of the estate. After World War II , following extensive wartime bomb damage, the Church Commissioners rebuilt parts of
6042-572: The claim to Brittany of Eleanor and had her confined for life. John's defeat weakened his authority in England, and his barons forced him to agree to Magna Carta in 1215, which limited royal power. Both sides failed to abide by the terms of Magna Carta, leading to the First Barons' War , in which rebellious barons invited Prince Louis , the husband of Blanche , Henry II's granddaughter, to invade England. Louis did so but in October 1216, before
6148-627: The conflict was conclusively ended, John died. The official website of the British Monarchy presents John's death as the end of the Angevin dynasty and the beginning of the Plantagenet dynasty. All subsequent English monarchs were descendants of the Angevin line via John, who had five legitimate children with Isabella : John also had illegitimate children with several mistresses. These children probably included nine sons called Richard , Oliver, Henry, Osbert Gifford, Geoffrey, John FitzJohn or Courcy, Odo or Eudes FitzRoy, Ivo, Henry, Richard
6254-461: The constable of Wallingford Castle and three daughters called Joan , Matilda the abbess of Barking and Isabella la Blanche. Joan was the best known of these, since she married Prince Llewelyn the Great of Wales. William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke , was appointed regent for the nine-year-old King Henry on King John's death. Thereafter, support for Louis declined, and he renounced his claims in
6360-479: The crown of England. Stephen's contested accession initiated the widespread civil unrest later called the Anarchy. Count Geoffrey had little interest in England. Instead he commenced a ten-year war for the duchy of Normandy, but it became clear that to bring this conflict to a successful conclusion, Stephen would need to be challenged in England. In 1139, Matilda and her half-brother, Robert , invaded England. From
6466-503: The daughter of Louis VII, while she was betrothed to his son Richard. William's many competencies and importance as a royal bastard led to a long and illustrious career. Henry reasserted and extended previous suzerainties to secure possession of his inherited realm. In 1162, he attempted to re-establish what he saw as his authority over the English Church by appointing his friend Thomas Becket as Archbishop of Canterbury upon
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#17328008442126572-499: The death of the incumbent archbishop, Theobald . Becket's defiance as Archbishop alienated the king and his counsellors. Henry and Becket had repeated disputes over issues such as church tenures, the marriage of Henry's brother, and taxation. Henry reacted by getting Becket and other English bishops to recognise sixteen ancient customs in writing for the first time in the Constitutions of Clarendon , governing relations between
6678-452: The denial of numerous freedoms. English nobles raised private armies, engaged in private feuds and openly defied Henry VI . The rivalry between the House of Plantagenet's two cadet branches of York and Lancaster brought about the Wars of the Roses , a decades-long fight for the English succession. It culminated in the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, when the reign of the Plantagenets and
6784-554: The duchy's government. Three events allowed the Angevins' successful termination of the conflict: Of Henry's siblings, William and Geoffrey died unmarried and childless, but the tempestuous marriage of Henry and Eleanor, who already had two daughters ( Marie and Alix ) through her first marriage to King Louis, produced eight children in thirteen years: Henry also had illegitimate children with several mistresses, possibly as many as twelve. These children included Geoffrey , William , Peter and four children who died young by Alys ,
6890-450: The earliest known tenant farmers of the land. During King Henry VIII's dissolution , the property of Paddington was seized by the crown. However, King Edward VI granted the land to the Bishop of London in 1550. Successive bishops would later lease farmlands to tenants and city merchants. One such, in the 1540s was Thomas North who translated Plutarch's Parallel Lives into English in 1579. Shakespeare would later use this work and
6996-624: The east of the Paddington district immediately to the north of the Westway and west of Edgware Road. It includes St Mary on Paddington Green Church . The Paddington Green campus of the City of Westminster College is adjacent to the Green. Paddington Green Police Station is immediately to the north west of the intersection of Westway and Edgware Road. Paddington station is on the London Underground and National Rail networks. It
7102-617: The end. Following Richard's coronation, he quickly put the kingdom's affairs in order and departed on a Crusade for the Middle East. Opinion of Richard has fluctuated. He was respected for his military leadership and courtly manners. He rejected and humiliated the sister of the king of France. He deposed the king of Cyprus and later sold the island. On the Third Crusade , he made an enemy of Leopold V, Duke of Austria , by showing disrespect to his banners as well as refusing to share
7208-634: The estate in partnership with the building firm Wates , introducing high density blocks of flats with underground car parking among the Victorian villas. In September 2014, residents of 1 Hyde Park Street chose to take ownership of the Grade II listed building on the corner of Bayswater Road. A major refurbishment programme was then undertaken to address alleged historical underinvestment. Past residents include: Quentin Willson, Motoring journalist (Top Gear): Hyde Park Gardens Mews 51°30′50″N 0°10′05″W / 51.514°N 0.168°W / 51.514; -0.168 Paddington Paddington
7314-471: The first Plantagenet monarch, and those who do not distinguish between Angevins and Plantagenets and therefore consider the first Plantagenet to be Henry II. The term " Angevin Empire " was coined by Kate Norgate in 1887. There was no known contemporary collective name for all of the territories under the rule of the Angevin Kings of England. This led to circumlocutions such as "our kingdom and everything subject to our rule whatever it may be" or "the whole of
7420-402: The first time. On his accession, Edward I sought to organise his realm, enforcing his claims to primacy in the British Isles . Llywelyn ap Gruffudd claimed to rule North Wales "entirely separate from" England but Edward viewed him to be "a rebel and disturber of the peace". Edward's determination, military experience and skilful naval manoeuvres ended what was to him rebellion. The invasion
7526-647: The hundred for most administrative purposes. A church, the predecessor of St Mary was built in Paddington in 1679. In 1740, John Frederick leased the estate in Paddington and it is from his granddaughters and their families that many of Paddington's street names are derived. The New Road was built in 1756–7 to link the villages of Paddington and Islington. By 1773, a contemporary historian felt and wrote that "London may now be said to include two cities ( London and Westminster ), one borough ( Southwark ) and forty six antient [ancient] villages [among which]... Paddington and [adjoining] Marybone ( Marylebone )." During
7632-619: The king of France. John's reputation was further damaged by the rumour, described in the Margam annals , that while drunk he himself had murdered Arthur, and if not true it is almost certain John ordered the killing. There are two contrasting schools of thought explaining the sudden collapse of John's position. Sir James Holt suggests this was the inevitable result of superior French resources. John Gillingham identifies diplomatic and military mismanagement and points out that Richard managed to hold
7738-552: The king were challenged by the barons, bishops and magnates who demanded that the king reissue Magna Carta and the Charter of the Forest in exchange for support. Henry declared that the charters were issued of his own "spontaneous and free will" and confirmed them with the royal seal, giving the new Great Charter and the Charter of the Forest of 1225 much more authority than any previous versions. Henry III had nine children: Henry
7844-633: The king's council. Edward finally repealed the Ordinances after defeating and executing Lancaster at the Battle of Boroughbridge in 1322. The French monarchy asserted its rights to encroach on Edward's legal rights in Gascony. Resistance to one judgement in Saint-Sardos resulted in Charles IV declaring the duchy forfeit. Charles's sister, Queen Isabella , was sent to negotiate and agreed
7950-470: The king, his courts and the church. When Becket tried to leave the country without permission, Henry tried to ruin him by filing legal cases relating to Becket's previous tenure as chancellor. Becket fled and remained in exile for five years. Relations later improved, and Becket returned, but they declined again when Henry's son was crowned as coregent by the Archbishop of York , which Becket perceived as
8056-416: The king. Edward II abdicated on condition that his son would inherit the throne rather than Mortimer. Although there is no historical record of the cause of death, he is popularly believed to have been murdered at Berkeley Castle by having a red-hot poker thrust into his bowels. A coup by Edward III ended four years of control by Isabella and Mortimer. Mortimer was executed. Though removed from power, Isabella
8162-461: The kingdom which had belonged to his father". The "Empire" portion of "Angevin Empire" has been controversial, especially as these territories were not subject to any unified laws or systems of governance, and each retained its own laws, traditions, and feudal relationships. In 1986, a convention of historians concluded that there had not been an Angevin state, and therefore no "Angevin Empire", but that
8268-486: The lands seized during his captivity. When close to complete victory, he was injured by an arrow during a siege and died ten days later. Richard's failure to provide an heir caused a succession crisis and conflict between supporters of the claim of his nephew, Arthur , and John. Guillaume des Roches led the magnates of Anjou, Maine, and Touraine declaring for Arthur. Once again Philip II of France attempted to disturb
8374-517: The mid-19th century. During the period, several Victorian churches were demolished owing to structural decay. Victorian housing developed into slums, giving the area an unsavoury reputation. However, in the 1930s massive rebuilding and improvements projects were made. However, even as late as the 1950s Paddington was a byword for overcrowding, poverty and vice. Between the 1960s and 1980s, the area would see vast improvements and redevelopments in city planning. The southeast section of Tyburnia used to be
8480-544: The necessary funds. In 1303 the French king restored Gascony to Edward by signing the Treaty of Paris . Meanwhile, William Wallace rose in Balliol's name and recovered most of Scotland. Wallace was defeated at the Battle of Falkirk , after which Robert the Bruce rebelled and was crowned king of Scotland. Edward died while travelling to Scotland for another campaign. King Edward II's coronation oath on his succession in 1307
8586-414: The north of the railway as it enters Paddington station, and to the south of the Westway flyover and with the canal to the east the former railway goods yard has been developed into a modern complex with wellbeing, leisure, retail and leisure facilities. The public area from the canal to Sheldon Square with the amphitheatre hosts leisure facilities and special events. A green space and conservation area in
8692-527: The place in Surrey and "homestead of Padda's people" for the place in Middlesex. That both place names would refer to the same individual or ancient family, is pure speculation. A lord named Padda is named in the Domesday Book, associated with Brampton, Suffolk . An 18th-century dictionary gives "Paddington Fair Day. An execution day, Tyburn being in the parish or neighbourhood of Paddington. To dance
8798-480: The realm, underpinned by a sophisticated justice system. A distinct national identity was shaped by their conflict with the French, Scots, Welsh and Irish, as well as by the establishment of Middle English as the primary language. In the 15th century, the Plantagenets were defeated in the Hundred Years' War and beset with social, political and economic problems. Popular revolts were commonplace, triggered by
8904-410: The residential district of Tyburnia as "the elegant, the prosperous, the polite Tyburnia, the most respectable district of the habitable globe." Derivation of the name is uncertain. Speculative explanations include Padre-ing-tun (explained as "father's meadow village"), Pad-ing-tun ("pack-horse meadow village"), and Pæding-tun ("village of the race of Pæd") the last being the cited suggestion of
9010-517: The south of Paddington. Both routes operate 24 hours, daily, supplemented by route N207 at nights. Several key routes pass through or around the Paddington area, including: Cycling infrastructure is provided in Paddington by Transport for London (TfL) and the Canal & River Trust . Several cycle routes pass through the area, including: Sustrans also propose that National Cycle Route 6 (NCR 6) will begin at Paddington and run northwest along
9116-621: The spoils of war. He was rumoured to have arranged the assassination of Conrad of Montferrat . His ruthlessness was demonstrated by his massacre of 2,600 prisoners in Acre . He obtained victories during the Third Crusade, but failed to capture Jerusalem . According to Steven Runciman Richard was "a bad son, a bad husband and a bad king". Jonathan Riley-Smith described him as "vain ... devious and self-centred". In an alternate view John Gillingham points out that for centuries Richard
9222-477: The station near the Paddington Basin (to the north of platform 12). Trains from this station link the area directly to Hammersmith via Shepherd's Bush to the west. Eastbound trains pass through Baker Street, King's Cross St Pancras , Liverpool Street in the City , Whitechapel and Barking . Lancaster Gate tube station is also in the area, served by Central line trains. Paddington station
9328-402: The term espace Plantagenet (French for "Plantagenet area") was acceptable. Nonetheless, historians have continued to use "Angevin Empire". The later counts of Anjou , including the Plantagenets, descended from Geoffrey II, Count of Gâtinais , and his wife Ermengarde of Anjou . In 1060, the couple inherited the title via cognatic kinship from an Angevin family that was descended from
9434-494: The village scene of Paddington. This population increase would go from 1,881 to 46,305 between 1801 and 1851 respectively; with 10,000 new inhabitants added every decade thereafter. Paddington station first opened in 1838, with the first underground line in 1863 ( Metropolitan ). Paddington was one of the few districts in London that had a migrant majority population by 1881. With a thriving Greek and Jewish community present in
9540-468: The wreck of the White Ship , Fulk married another of his daughters, Sibylla , to William Clito , son of Henry I's older brother, Robert Curthose . Henry I had the marriage annulled to avoid strengthening William's rival claim to Normandy. Finally Fulk achieved his goal through the marriage of Geoffrey and Matilda. Fulk then passed his titles to Geoffrey and became King of Jerusalem . When Henry II
9646-638: The year, never to participate in a crusade again. When Henry III died, Edward acceded to the throne; the barons swore allegiance to him even though he did not return for two years. Edward I married Eleanor of Castile , daughter of King Ferdinand of Castile , a great-grandson of Henry II through his second daughter Eleanor in 1254. Edward and Eleanor had sixteen children; five daughters survived to adulthood, but only one son survived Edward: Following Eleanor's death in 1290, Edward married Margaret of France , daughter of Philip III of France , in 1299. Edward and Margaret had two sons, who both lived to adulthood, and
9752-476: Was Scotland's sovereign and possessed the right to hear appeals against Balliol's judgements, undermining Balliol's authority. Balliol allied with France in 1295; Edward invaded Scotland the following year, deposing and exiling Balliol. Edward was less successful in Gascony, which was overrun by the French. With his resources depleting, Edward was forced to reconfirm the Charters, including Magna Carta, to obtain
9858-624: Was a royal house which originated from the French county of Anjou . The name Plantagenet is used by modern historians to identify four distinct royal houses: the Angevins , who were also counts of Anjou; the main line of the Plantagenets following the loss of Anjou; and the Houses of Lancaster and York , two of the Plantagenets cadet branches . The family held the English throne from 1154, with
9964-594: Was bankrupted by his military expenditure and general extravagance. The pope offered Henry's brother Richard the Kingdom of Sicily , but the military cost of displacing the incumbent Emperor Frederick was prohibitive. Matthew Paris wrote that Richard stated: "You might as well say, 'I make you a present of the moon – step up to the sky and take it down'." Instead, Henry purchased the kingdom for his son Edmund, which angered many powerful barons. The barons led by Henry's brother-in-law Simon de Montfort forced him to agree to
10070-497: Was born in 1133, his maternal grandfather, Henry I, was reportedly delighted, saying that the boy was "the heir to the kingdom". The birth reduced the risk that the King's realm would pass to his son-in-law's family, which was possible if the marriage of Matilda and Geoffrey ended childless. The birth of a second son, also named Geoffrey , increased the likelihood of partible inheritance following French custom, in which Henry would receive
10176-575: Was considered a model king. Returning from the crusade with a small band of followers, Richard was captured by Leopold and was passed to Emperor Henry VI . Henry held Richard captive for eighteen months (1192–1194) while his mother raised the ransom, valued at 100,000 marks . In Richard's absence, Philip II overran large portions of Normandy and John acquired control of Richard's English lands. After returning to England, Richard forgave John and re-established his authority in England. He left again in 1194 and battled Philip for five years, attempting to regain
10282-649: Was designed by Isambard Kingdom Brunel . The permanent building opened in 1854. Paddington Bear was also named after the station; in Michael Bond 's 1958 book A Bear Called Paddington , Paddington is found at the station by the Brown family. He is lost, having just arrived in London from "darkest Peru ." London Buses 7 , 23 , 27 , 36 , 46 , 205 and 332 , and night buses N7 and N205 serve Paddington station. Buses 23, 27 and 36 operate 24 hours, daily. Routes 94 and 148 serve Lancaster Gate station to
10388-456: Was executed by one of the largest armies ever assembled by an English king, comprising Anglo-Norman cavalry and Welsh archers and laying the foundation for future victories in France. Llywelyn was driven into the mountains, later dying in battle. The Statute of Rhuddlan established England's authority over Wales, and Edward's son was proclaimed the first English Prince of Wales upon his birth. Edward spent vast sums on his two Welsh campaigns with
10494-567: Was forced to agree to the appointment of Ordainers , led by his cousin Thomas, 2nd Earl of Lancaster , to reform the royal household with Piers Gaveston exiled again. When Gaveston returned again to England, he was abducted and executed after a mock trial. The ramifications of this drove Thomas and his adherents from power. Edward's humiliating defeat by Bruce at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314, confirming Bruce's position as an independent king of Scots, leading to Lancaster being appointed head of
10600-564: Was inflicted upon the rebels, and authority restored to Henry. With the realm now peaceful, Edward left England to join Louis IX on the Ninth Crusade ; he was one of the last crusaders. Louis died before Edward's arrival, but Edward decided to continue. The result was disappointing; Edward's small force only enabled him to capture Acre and launch a handful of raids. After surviving an assassination attempt, Edward left for Sicily later in
10706-600: Was part of the Metropolitan Borough of Paddington , the headquarters of which was at Paddington Town Hall , until 1965 when the area became part of the enlarged City of Westminster . A lagoon created in the 1810s at the convergence of the Paddington Arm of the Grand Union Canal , the Regent's Canal and the Paddington Basin . It is an important focal point of the Little Venice area. It
10812-444: Was popular during the subsequent Tudor dynasty , perhaps encouraged by the further legitimacy it gave to Richard's great-grandson, Henry VIII . It was only in the late 17th century that it passed into common usage among historians. Angevin is French for "of Anjou ". The three Angevin kings were the 12th-century Geoffrey of Anjou's son, Henry II , and grandsons Richard I and John . Noble houses were regularly denominated by
10918-495: Was said to have performed in taverns along Edgware Road. In the later Elizabethan and early Stuart era, the rectory, manor and associated estate houses were occupied by the Small (or Smale) family. Nicholas Small was a clothworker who was sufficiently well connected to have Holbein paint a portrait of his wife, Jane Small . Nicholas died in 1565 and his wife married again, to Nicholas Parkinson of Paddington who became master of
11024-510: Was the first to reflect the king's responsibility to maintain the laws that the community "shall have chosen" ( aura eslu in French). He was not unpopular initially but faced three challenges: discontent over the financing of wars; his household spending; and the role of his favourite Piers Gaveston . When Parliament decided that Gaveston should be exiled the king was left with no choice but to comply. Edward engineered Gaveston's return, but
11130-422: Was treated well, and lived in luxury for the next 27 years. In 1328, Charles IV of France died without a male heir. Queen Isabella made a claim to the throne of France on behalf of her son Edward, on the grounds that he was a matrilineal grandson of Philip IV of France. However, the precedents set by Philip V's succession over his niece Joan II of Navarre and Charles IV's succession over his nieces meant that
11236-574: Was widely considered complicit in Becket's death throughout Christian Europe. This made Henry a pariah; in penance, he walked barefoot into Canterbury Cathedral, where he was severely whipped by monks. From 1155, Henry claimed that Pope Adrian IV had given him authorisation to reform the Irish church by assuming control of Ireland, but Professor Anne Duggan's research indicates that the Laudabiliter
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