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34-643: The building was built in the Weltevreden neighborhood, a parcel of land acquired by Cornelis Chastelein on 6 March 1697 on the east side of the bovenstad (the Upper Town) in what is now the area to the east of Merdeka Square . It was built in 1830 as a residence for Prince ( Hertog ) Bernhard van Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach (1792-1862) , the German-born commander of the Dutch colonial army. It was designed in

68-623: A huguenot , and a member of the Dutch East India Company . His mother, Maria Cruydenier, was the daughter of the mayor of Dordrecht who served for the Dutch West India Company . On January 24, 1675, 17-years-old Cornelis Chastelein boarded the Ship's ’t Huis te Cleeff and arrived at Batavia on August 16, 1675. In Batavia, Chastelein worked as an accountant in service of the company. Cornelis Chastelein

102-464: A landhuis belonging to Frederick Coyett . Today the Chinese temple, Vihara Buddhayana or Thie Cang Wang Pho Sat (Klenteng Sentiong), still exists. By 1825, kampung development started to encroach into the Chinese cemetery. The encroachment started from the west of Kartiniweg. Following the establishment of Pasar Baru in the late 19th-century, urbanization started to encroach the cemetery land from

136-611: A Neoclassical Empire Style on the east bank of the Ciliwung . The street was originally named Hertogsweg in honor of the prince. The building was used by successive army commanders until the headquarters was moved to Bandung some time between 1914 and 1917. In 1918, the building housed the Volksraad of the Dutch East Indies , the first national-level council which included native Indonesian representation. It received

170-446: A mixed blood girl as daughter: Maria Chastelein mixtures (5 June 1693). Cornelis Chastelein died at the age of 56, on 28 June 1714 at 4 o'clock in the afternoon and 28 June is still the official day of Chastelein being commemorated. In addition to his great ability as a businessman, Chastelein was a socially moved man who had his time far ahead. His greatest merit, however, was his legacy to his body-owners. In his will, he had found that

204-420: A new colonial administrative center of Batavia, replacing the dilapidated Oud Batavia near the port of Sunda Kelapa . The open field Waterlooplein (now Lapangan Banteng ) was established as the center of the new colonial center. Surrounding this open field was European-centric colonial landmarks built throughout the course of the late 18th and early 19th-centuries. Among the landmarks were the grand residence of

238-507: A plot of land with an area of 12.44 square kilometers, at pole 21 (about 32 kilometres (20 miles) from Batavia), between Ciliwung and Pesanggrahan river. There he established the first of its kind in Java, a Protestant congregation consisting of native Indonesians which was named De Eerste Protestante Organisatie van Christenen (DEPOC). In 1704, Chastelein bought another land which later he named Weltevreden . In this new estate he established

272-801: A speech before the BPUPK in which he outlined the philosophy of the Indonesian state, the Pancasila After Indonesian independence, in the early 1950, the building was transferred to the State Department, and then in 1956 to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It was renamed Gedung Pancasila or the Pancasila Building on June 1, 1964. During the 1960s, the building was used to educate prospective diplomats. Today,

306-407: The sconce Jacarta, established in mid-17th-century as the second fortress upstream of Ciliwung after Batavia Castle . The fort had ceased to exist by 1825. The simple fort was located at what is now the kampung of Gang Budi Rahayu. Ciliwung's riparian zone in the area was characterized by unproductive marshland. To convert the marshes into arable land, canals were constructed to drain the water of

340-463: The 17th-century, the district of Sawah Besar corresponded to the area where the Ciliwung used to flow. The riparian zone was located southeast of Batavia, outside the city wall, then known collectively as the ommelanden (the area surrounding Batavia). To establish a military presence over the new colonial land, the Dutch East India Company built several fortresses to guard the Ciliwung, among them

374-632: The Biblical names given to Chastelein to the converted slave families. The remaining seven families retained their original names: Bacas, Laurens, Leander, Loen, Sadokh, Soedira and Tholense. After the Second World War, the name Sadokh went extinct. In 1704, Chastelein worked for the company once more as 'Extraordinary Council'. After his first meeting in the Council of the Indies in 1705, he

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408-474: The Chinese cemetery in the early 1970s. Eventually, by the end of the 1970s, the area that used to be the largest Chinese Cemetery in Jakarta was completely converted into an urbanized area. Today, the entire kelurahan Karang Anyar and the western half of kelurahan Kartini stands on what used to be the largest cemetery in Jakarta. In 1787, the extensive private estate of Weltevreden (Dutch "well-contented")

442-645: The Roman Catholic Cathedral , Gedung Kesenian , the Pasar Senen market, the Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital and the central post office. Following the independence of Indonesia, the area where the colonial government once centered were taken over by the Indonesian government as the administrative center of the newly independent country. Some of the political landmark in the area were Lapangan Banteng (converted from

476-556: The Weltevreden. In the late 19th-century, a new railway stop was established at the east end of the street; the name Sawah Besaar was given to the railway stop, which later would become Sawah Besar railway station . The Sawah Besar street was nationalized as Jalan Sukarjo Wiryopranoto in the 1950s, but the Station still preserved its original name. Eventually, the name Sawah Besar was given to the District (kecamatan) Sawah Besar following

510-543: The building is mainly used for important ceremonies of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Cornelis Chastelein Cornelis Chastelein , also written Chasteleijn or Chastelijn ( Amsterdam , August 10, 1657 – Batavia , June 28, 1714) was born of a notable merchant family. He was the youngest member of a family of eight children. His father, Anthony Chastelein, arrived to the Netherlands from France as

544-467: The cemetery was the Prinsenlaan (now Jalan Mangga Besar) to the north, Kartiniweg (Jalan Kartini Raya) to the east, Chineesche Kerkweg (Jalan Raya Lautze) to the south, and Drossaersweg (Jalan Taman Sari Raya) to the west. The center of religious activity for the Chinese cemetery was an 18th-century Chinese temple located at Chineesche Kerkweg, in the southern area of the cemetery, which was originally

578-611: The first experimental coffee plantation in the Indies, as well as the first Indies zoo. In the estate of Depok he created a pepper plantation. It can not be a coincidence that Chastelein had let this family work in Depok, slave families like Laurens and Loen from Ambon. During the period he wrote a dissertation in which he established an ethical manifestation against the Dutch East India Company's merchant politics, especially toward Governor General Willem van Outhoorn , who

612-594: The governor-general of Batavia de Witte Huis ("White House") of the Dutch East Indies; the Roman Catholic cathedral , and Fort Prins Frederik . Weltevreden was also known as bovenstad (Dutch "uptown"), to distinguish it with the benedenstad (the Old Town). The distinction was formalized by the Batavia City Council in 1905; when Batavia and Weltevreden were the two districts which formed

646-419: The independence of Indonesia. The street Sawah Besar (Jalan Sukarjo Wiryopranoto) and the original district/marsh were slightly west. Sawah Besar railway station is on today's western limit. The district is divided into five kelurahan or administrative villages: The section describes the history of the region of Jakarta which corresponds to what is now the modern district (kecamatan) of Sawah Besar. In

680-598: The marshes into the river. By the late 17th-century, the marshland had been converted into mills, sugar plantations, fruit trees plantation and paddy field. In 1681, the flow of Ciliwung was diverted toward the east along the Postweg (now Jalan Pos) to reach another new canal, the Gunung Sahari Canal. With the diversion of the Ciliwung toward the Gunung Sahari Canal, a section of the Ciliwung between Prinsen Laan (now Jalan Mangga Besar) and Postweg (now Jalan Pos)

714-608: The most historic, containing the 1820-established Pasar Baru ("New Market"), the new colonial city – Weltevreden – and the old course of the Ciliwung River . Landmarks include the Lapangan Banteng (formerly Waterloo Square), the government's 19th century, low-rise A.A. Maramis Building and its high palmed-lawned vista (being the intended palace of Daendels), and Jakarta Cathedral . Sawah Besar means "big paddy field". The name Sawah Besar refers to

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748-413: The municipality of Batavia. Today, the area of Weltevreden corresponds to the southern half of the kelurahan Pasar Baru , south of the canal. The area today is still of considerable value given its relative proximity to Central Jakarta . Many colonial and modern landmarks of Jakarta are located in this area, e.g. Hotel Borobudur , the old and new buildings of the Ministry of Finance, Lapangan Banteng ,

782-881: The name Volksraadgebouw (Building of the Volksraad). The building was particularly suitable because of the large hall, which extended the entire width. With the dissolution of the Volksraad during the Japanese occupation , from 1943, the building was re-purposed for the Central Advisory Council , an advisory body set up by the Japanese, and in 1945 was used by the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK). On 1 June 1945, future Indonesian president Sukarno gave

816-436: The paddy field was urbanized and in the late 19th-century, the entire field had been converted into a kampung known as Kampung Sawah Besar. The name Sawah Besar , also spelled as Sawah Besaar during colonial time, was given to the street Sawah Besar, south of what used to be the paddy field. Sawah Besar Street also formed the northern section of the defensive line of the new southern colonial administrative center of Batavia,

850-437: The paddy field which existed in the area before the 1860s. This paddy field, measuring around 450 square metres (4,800 sq ft), was to the east of the southern section of Molenvliet Oost (now Jalan Hayam Wuruk ), south of Kebon Jeruk ("orange orchard") and west of the extensive Chinese cemetery (now Kelurahan Karang Anyar ). Before the 1860s, the paddy field was the only one left in the city center of Batavia. Gradually,

884-456: The south, starting with the development of houses north of Pintu Besi street (now Jalan K.H. Samanhudi). The developed kampung was then known as Kampung Karang Anjar, which later gave its name to kelurahan Karang Anyar . Eventually, by the 1930s, the remaining cemetery area was reserved for future city-building projects by the colonial government. Following the independence of Indonesia, the first streets were built from Jalan Raya Mangga Besar into

918-477: The twelve original families had the estate Depok, 1240 ha. great, if he would inherit a communal property and thereby obtain their freedom. And thus it was determined that "released bodies and their descendants would have landed forever and used". The name Chastelein does not exist anymore. The people are now called Castelein or Casteleijn. Sawah Besar Sawah Besar is a district ( kecamatan ) of Central Jakarta , Indonesia . Its neighborhoods are among

952-545: Was appointed as Ordinary Member of the Council of Dutch India in November 1708, receiving a monthly allowance of 350 guilders per month. He remained in this position to his death. Cornelis Chastelein was married to Catharina of Quaelborg. She was probably his niece, since her father, Council of India, was married to one Henriëtte Chastelein. They had one son Anthony, while Chastelein's will shows that they have also adopted

986-461: Was dried out. The old course of the Ciliwung now corresponds with Jalan Kartini XIII Dalam. In the early 19th-century, a Chinese cemetery ( Chineesche Kerkhof ) was established around the area of the old course of the Ciliwung. When it was established, the Chinese cemetery was the largest cemetery in Batavia, the total area reached 960 square metres (10,300 sq ft) in 1853. The boundary of

1020-399: Was established in what is now the southern half of the kelurahan Pasar Baru . Weltevreden estate was bounded by the streets Postweg (now Jalan Pos) - Schoolweg Noord (Jalan Dr. Sutomo) to the north; Jalan Gunung Sahari and Jalan Pasar Senen to the east; Jalan Prapatan to the south; and the Ciliwung to the west. In 1808, Weltevreden estate was sold to the government. The area was designated as

1054-633: Was estimated about 200. For his estate Depok, Chastelein bought twelve slave families from various parts of the archipelago: Balinese , Ambonese , Buginese and Sundanese . It is suspected that there were also the descendants of the Mardijkers , a group of Portuguese-creole, among his slaves. Of the twelve original slave families, at least five families decided to receive a new Christian name from Chastelein. There were also Roman Catholic families which were converted to (Protestant) Christianity by Chastelein. Isakh, Jacob, Jonathan, Joseph and Samuel are

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1088-481: Was in favor of aggressive trade policy. Cornelis Chastelein was against slavery and he would give slaves in the colonial land their freedom. The church council of Batavia had ruled that slavery is contrary to the Bible, but this provision was valid only for Christians. Because of this, Chastelein converted his slaves to Christianity and made them free people. Their number in the year 1714 – the year that Chastelein died –

1122-661: Was successful in his career. In 1682 he was one a big shopkeeper ( groot-winkelier ) in the Grooten Winkel te Batavia . In 1691, he was of the wealthiest "Big Shopkeeper in the Big Store in Batavia", and in 1691 he was "Second Upperman of the Batavia Castle . In that same year, he was resolutely fired on request "with regard to his increasing weakness". It is not unlikely that the appointment of Joan van Hoorn as Director-General, by which he became Chastelein's chief,

1156-480: Was the reason for this resignation request. It was known that Chastelein and van Hoorn doesn't go very well together. From 1691 to 1704, Chastelein acquired various estates to the south of Batavia e.g. Siringsing (now Serengseng Sawah, South Jakarta ) in 1695, at pole 17 (about 25 kilometres (16 miles) from Batavia), somewhere in the middle of the Batavia- Buitenzorg route. On May 18, 1696, he bought

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