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50-725: The G3 includes full HD video recording capability in AVCHD format in accordance with the MFT system design standard. The G3 is not the successor to the Panasonic Lumix DMC-G2 but is sold alongside it, placing the G2 in the entry-level position that the now-discontinued G10 once occupied. The G series cameras are designed primarily for users interested in still photography, with the more expensive GH series geared towards users who are interested in greater video functionality. Significantly,

100-416: A letterbox view of the image, again with correct proportions. The EU defines HD resolution as 1920 x 1080 pixels or 2 073 600 pixels and UHD resolution as 3840 x 2160 pixels or 8 294 400 pixels. Note: Image is either a frame or, in case of interlaced scanning, two fields (EVEN and ODD). Also, there are less common but still popular UltraWide resolutions, such as 2560×1080p (1080p UltraWide). There

150-414: A system camera , as lens seating errors of as little as 0.01 mm will manifest themselves critically on the imaging plane and focus will not match the lens marks. Professional movie cameras are rigorously tested by rental houses regularly to ensure the distance is properly calibrated. Any discrepancies between eye focus and measured focus that manifest them­selves across a range of distances within

200-463: A 6 MHz broadcast channel were mostly unsuccessful. All attempts at using this format for terrestrial TV transmission were abandoned by the mid-1990s. Europe developed HD-MAC (1,250 lines, 50 Hz), a member of the MAC family of hybrid analogue/digital video standards; however, it never took off as a terrestrial video transmission format. HD-MAC was never designated for video interchange except by

250-490: A Swiss conference in 1983. The NHK system was standardized in the United States as Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) standard #240M in the early 1990s, but abandoned later on when it was replaced by a DVB analog standard. HighVision video is still usable for HDTV video interchange, but there is almost no modern equipment available to perform this function. Attempts at implementing HighVision as

300-460: A higher resolution format, but removing the interlace to match the common 720p format may distort the picture or require filtering which actually reduces the resolution of the final output. Non-cinematic HDTV video recordings are recorded in either the 720p or the 1080i format. The format used is set by the broadcaster (if for television broadcast). In general, 720p is more accurate with fast action, because it progressively scans frames, instead of

350-405: A lens can be adapted without optics. Typically, camera bodies with shorter flange focal distance can be adapted more readily to lenses with longer flange focal distance. Lens count doesn't include 3rd party products. All FE lenses (see below) can also be used on APS-C E-mount cameras. Lens count doesn't include 3rd party products. Flange focal distance is one of the most important variables in

400-493: A medium has inherent limitations, such as difficulty of viewing footage while recording, and suffers other problems, caused by poor film development/processing, or poor monitoring systems. Given that there is increasing use of computer-generated or computer-altered imagery in movies, and that editing picture sequences is often done digitally, some directors have shot their movies using the HD format via high-end digital video cameras. While

450-458: A process known as IMAX HD . Depending upon available bandwidth and the amount of detail and movement in the image, the optimum format for video transfer is either 720p24 or 1080p24. When shown on television in PAL system countries, film must be projected at the rate of 25 frames per second by accelerating it by 4.1 percent. In NTSC standard countries, the projection rate is 30 frames per second, using

500-499: A resolution. For example, 24p means 24 progressive scan frames per second and 50i means 25 progressive frames per second, consisting of 50 interlaced fields per second. Most HDTV systems support some standard resolutions and frame or field rates. The most common are noted below. High-definition signals require a high-definition television or computer monitor in order to be viewed. High-definition video has an aspect ratio of 16:9 (1.78:1). The aspect ratio of regular widescreen film shot today

550-402: A single lens may be collimation error with the lens, but if such discrepancies occur across several lenses, it is more likely to be the flange focal distance or the ground glass (or both) that are misset. Due to research on optimal flange focal distance settings, it is currently considered better for flange focal distance to be set to somewhere within the film's emulsion layer, rather than on

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600-440: A technique called 3:2 pull-down. One film frame is held for three video fields (1/20 of a second), and the next is held for two video fields (1/30 of a second) and then the process is repeated, thus achieving the correct film projection rate with two film frames shown in one twelfth of a second. Older (pre-HDTV) recordings on video tape such as Betacam SP are often either in the form 480i60 or 576i50. These may be upconverted to

650-589: A technique which is often known as filmizing . The first electronic scanning format, 405 lines , was the first high definition television system, since the mechanical systems it replaced had far fewer. From 1939, Europe and the US tried 605 and 441 lines until, in 1941, the FCC mandated 525 for the US. In wartime France, René Barthélemy tested higher resolutions, up to 1,042. In late 1949, official French transmissions finally began with 819 . In 1984, however, this standard

700-603: Is 30p) 1280 x 720 (sensor output is 30p) (60p done with frame dup) 1920 × 1080 (sensor output is 25p) 1280 x 720 (sensor output is 25p) (50p done with frame dup) No Video | Weather Sealed | All the Rest HD video High-definition video ( HD video ) is video of higher resolution and quality than standard-definition . While there is no standardized meaning for high-definition , generally any video image with considerably more than 480 vertical scan lines (North America) or 576 vertical lines (Europe)

750-594: Is acute for surveillance purposes to ensure that the quality of the video output is of an acceptable standard that can be used both for preventative surveillance as well as for evidence purposes. Although, HD cameras can be highly effective indoor, special industries with outdoor environments called for a need to produce much higher resolutions for effective coverage. The ever-evolving image sensor technologies allowed manufacturers to develop cameras with 10-20 MP resolutions, which therefore have become efficient instruments to monitor larger areas. In order to further increase

800-637: Is also a WQHD+ option for some of these. High-definition image sources include terrestrial broadcast, direct broadcast satellite, digital cable, high definition disc ( BD ), digital cameras, Internet downloads, and video game consoles. Blu-ray Discs were jointly developed by 9 initial partners including Sony and Phillips (which jointly developed CDs for audio), and Pioneer (which developed its own Laser-disc previously with some success) among others. HD DVD discs were primarily developed by Toshiba and NEC with some backing from Microsoft, Warner Bros., Hewlett Packard, and others. On February 19, 2008, Toshiba announced it

850-598: Is an unusual case, due to its hybrid nature as both a home console and a handheld: the built-in screen displays games at 720p maximum, but the console can natively display imagery at 1080p when docked. The Xbox One X and PlayStation 4 Pro can display some games in 4K. The PlayStation 5 and Xbox Series X can display games in 4K and 8K. Generally, PC games are only limited by the display's resolution and GPU driver support. Some PC hardware supports DisplayPort 2.1 for native 8k resolution at high refresh rates. Ultrawide monitors are supported, which can display more of

900-428: Is considered high-definition. 480 scan lines is generally the minimum even though the majority of systems greatly exceed that. Images of standard resolution captured at rates faster than normal (60 frames/second North America, 50 fps Europe), by a high-speed camera may be considered high-definition in some contexts. Some television series shot on high-definition video are made to look as if they have been shot on film ,

950-436: Is not to be confused with depth of field. Lenses can be adapted from one mount (and respective FFD) to another. FFD determines whether infinity focus can be accomplished with a simple non-optical adapter. Optics to correct for distance introduce more cost and can lower image quality, so non-optical lens adapters are preferred. A simple non-optical adapter holds the longer FFD lens the appropriate additional distance away from

1000-425: Is typically 1.85:1 or 2.39:1 (sometimes traditionally quoted at 2.35:1). Standard-definition television (SDTV) has a 4:3 (1.33:1) aspect ratio, although in recent years many broadcasters have transmitted programs squeezed horizontally in 16:9 anamorphic format , in hopes that the viewer has a 16:9 set which stretches the image out to normal-looking proportions, or a set which squishes the image vertically to present

1050-626: The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) adopted a range of standards from interlaced 1,080-line video (a technical descendant of the original analog NHK 1125/30 Hz system) with a maximum frame rate of 30 Hz, (60 fields per second) and 720-line video, progressively scanned, with a maximum frame rate of 60 Hz. In the end, however, the DVB standard of resolutions (1080, 720, 480) and respective frame rates (24, 25, 30) were adopted in conjunction with

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1100-525: The European Broadcasting Union . High-definition digital video was not possible with uncompressed video due to impractically high memory and bandwidth requirements, with a bit rate exceeding 1  Gbit/s for 1080p video. Digital HDTV was enabled by the development of discrete cosine transform (DCT) video compression . The DCT is a lossy compression technique that was first proposed by Nasir Ahmed in 1972, and

1150-644: The PlayStation 3 the Xbox 360 game consoles can output native 1080p through HDMI or component cables, but the systems have few games which appear in 1080p; most games only run natively at 720p or less but can be upscaled to 1080p. Visually, native 1080p produces a sharper and clearer picture compared to upscaled 1080p. The Wii does not support HD. In the 8th generation , Nintendo's Wii U and Nintendo Switch , Microsoft's Xbox One , and Sony's PlayStation 4 display games 1080p natively. The Nintendo Switch

1200-420: The 1080i, which uses interlaced fields and thus might degrade the resolution of fast images. 720p is used more for Internet distribution of high-definition video, because computer monitors progressively scan; 720p video has lower storage-decoding requirements than either the 1080i or the 1080p. This is also the medium for high-definition broadcasts around the world and 1080p is used for Blu-ray movies. Film as

1250-525: The Europeans that were also involved in the same standardization process. The FCC officially adopted the ATSC transmission standard in 1996 (which included both HD and SD video standards). In the early 2000s, it looked as if DVB would be the video standard far into the future. However, both Brazil and China have adopted alternative standards for high-definition video that preclude the interoperability that

1300-458: The G2. The G3's smaller physical size limits the space available for manual control buttons and dials, with many functions now controllable through the articulated 3-inch (76 mm) LCD touch panel on the camera back. The G3 has a 16.7 megapixel sensor derived from the one in the top-of-the-line Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH2 . This is an improvement over the previous 12.1 megapixel four thirds sensors used by other Olympus and Panasonic MFT cameras, with

1350-513: The G3 design departs from previous G-series designs with a smaller size, new sensor design and increased processing power. Physically, the G3 approximates the size of the small Panasonic Lumix DMC-GF2 , but includes an electronic viewfinder (EVF) and an articulated, touch control-enabled LCD panel. This made the G3, upon its introduction, the smallest available MFT camera with a built-in EVF, 25% smaller than

1400-580: The Micro Four Thirds system sensor has a 2× magnification factor on its lenses whereas the APS-C sized sensor cameras have 1.6× magnification factor. While the older Four Thirds system design standard allowed the incorporation of a single lens reflex (SLR) camera design including a mirror box and pentaprism based optical viewfinder system, the MFT system design standard sought to pursue a technically different camera, and specifically slimmed down

1450-522: The Techniscope 2 perforation format. Movies are also produced using other film gauges , including 70 mm films (22 mm × 48 mm) or the rarely used 55 mm and CINERAMA . The four major film formats provide pixel resolutions (calculated from pixels per millimeter) roughly as follows: In the process of making prints for exhibition, this negative is copied onto other film (negative → interpositive → internegative → print) causing

1500-504: The United States, the suggested MSRP for the camera and 14-42mm kit lens was US$ 700.00 and GBP628.99 in the United Kingdom The Micro Four Thirds (MFT) system design standard was jointly announced in 2008 by Olympus and Panasonic , as a further evolution of the similarly named predecessor Four Thirds System pioneered by Olympus. The Micro Four Thirds system standard uses the same sized sensor as

1550-643: The early 1990s, DCT video compression had been widely adopted as the video coding standard for HDTV. The current high-definition video standards in North America were developed during the course of the advanced television process initiated by the Federal Communications Commission in 1987 at the request of American broadcasters. In essence, the end of the 1980s was a death knell for most analog high definition technologies that had developed up to that time. The FCC process, led by

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1600-587: The ease of transfer to editing systems for special effects. Depending on the year and format in which a movie was filmed, the exposed image can vary greatly in size. Sizes range from as big as 24 mm × 36 mm for VistaVision / Technirama 8 perforation cameras (same as 35 mm still photo film) going down through 18 mm × 24 mm for Silent Films or Full Frame 4 perforations cameras to as small as 9 mm × 21 mm in Academy Sound Aperture cameras modified for

1650-510: The exception of the unique multi-aspect sensors used on the Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH1 and GH2 hybrid video/still MFT cameras. The G3 has faster Auto focus speed than most previous Panasonic MFT cameras. Panasonic claims that it possesses a revised JPEG engine which reputedly renders more pleasing colours (e.g., skin tones), with higher image quality and lower noise at higher ISO than any of the previous Panasonic cameras, with

1700-448: The following firmware update 1. Display of the local length When you zoom, the focal distance is displayed and you can confirm the zoom position. 2. Step zoom When you operate the zoom, the zoom will stop at positions corresponding to predetermined distances. 3. Zoom resume When you switch the power switch [ON], the zoom positions when you last switched [OFF] are automatically restored. 4. Selectable zoom speed Users can select

1750-482: The game world than a traditional display with a 16:9 aspect ratio , and multi-monitor setups are possible, such as having a single game span across three monitors for a more immersive experience. Flange focal distance For an interchangeable lens camera, the flange focal distance ( FFD ) (also known as the flange-to-film distance , flange focal depth , flange back distance ( FBD ), flange focal length ( FFL ), back focus or register , depending on

1800-436: The image detail produced by these formats can be far below that of broadcast HD, and often even inferior to DVD-Video (3-9 Mbit/s MP2) upscaled to the same image size. The following is a chart of numerous online services and their HD offering: Since the late 2000s a considerably large number of security camera manufacturers have started to produce HD cameras. The need for high resolution, color fidelity, and frame rate

1850-668: The key physical specifications which eliminated the ability to include the traditional complex optical path and the bulky mirror box needed for a SLR optical viewfinder. Instead, MFT uses either a built-in (Panasonic) or optional (Olympus/Panasonic) compact electronic viewfinder (EVF) and/or LCD back panel displaying a Live view from the main image sensor. Use of an EVF/back panel LCD and smaller four thirds image sensor format and allows for smaller and lighter camera bodies and lenses. The MFT system offers better video recording functionality than traditional DSLRs. MFT cameras are physically slimmer than most interchangeable lens cameras because

1900-456: The original Four Thirds system, which is half the size of a 35mm camera sensor. One advantage of the smaller sensor is smaller and lighter lenses, but one disadvantage is lower image quality. For example, a typical Olympus MFT M.Zuiko 14-42mm f/3.5-5.6 kit lens weighs 112g, is 56mm in diameter and 50mm in length. The equivalent Canon APS-C DSLR EF-S 18-55mm f3.5-5.6 kit lens weighs 190g, and is 69mm in diameter and 80mm in length In 35mm camera format

1950-699: The possible exception of the GH2. However, some reviewers have criticised the quality of the G3s JPEG files. At the center top of the G3 there are weak built-in pop up flash with GN10.5 at ISO160 (GN8.3 at ISO100), hot shoe and stereo microphone (G2 still monoaural). The G3 lacks the external microphone input that the older G2 does. The G3 was announced in May 2011, and started shipping in June 2011. Available colors, depending on market, were black, chocolate brown, red and white. In

2000-457: The quality of HD video is very high compared to SD video, and offers improved signal/noise ratios against comparable sensitivity film, film remains able to resolve more image detail than current HD video formats. In addition some films have a wider dynamic range (ability to resolve extremes of dark and light areas in a scene) than even the best HD cameras. Thus the most persuasive arguments for the use of HD are currently cost savings on film stock and

2050-437: The resolution of security cameras, some manufacturers developed multi-sensor cameras. Within these devices several sensor-lens combinations produce the images, which are later merged during image processing . These security cameras are able to deliver even hundreds of megapixels with motion picture frame rate. Such high resolutions, however, requires special recording, storage and also video stream display technologies. Both

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2100-437: The resolution to be reduced with each emulsion copying step and when the image passes through a lens (for example, on a projector). In many cases, the resolution can be reduced down to 1/6 of the original negative's resolution (or worse). Note that resolution values for 70 mm film are higher than those listed above. Many online video streaming, on-demand and digital download services offer HD video. Due to heavy compression,

2150-414: The sensor or film on the shorter FFD camera. A camera body with a shorter FFD can accept a larger number of lenses (those with a longer FFD) by using a simple adapter. A lens with a longer FFD can be more readily adapted to a larger number of camera bodies (those with a shorter FFD). If the difference is small, other factors such as the sizes and positions of the mounting flanges will influence whether

2200-1319: The speed of electric-powered zooming. The update adds a POWER ZOOM LENS option to the CUSTOM menu, with the following sub-options:- DISP FOCAL LENGTH (On/Off), STEP ZOOM (On/Off), ZOOM RESUME (On/Off), ZOOM SPEED (H/M/L), ZOOM RING (On/Off)) JPEG (DCF, Exif 2.3) RAW DPOF compatible MPO (When attaching 3D lens in Micro Four Thirds System standard) RAW RAW+Fine RAW+Standard Fine Standard MPO+Fine MPO+Standard (When attaching 3D lens in Micro Four Thirds System standard) 4:3 4,592 x 3,448 (L) [16M] 3,232 x 2,424 (M) [8M] 2,272 x 1,704 (S) [4M] 1,824 x 1,368 (When attaching 3D lens in Micro Four Thirds System standard) 3:2 4,576 x 3,056 (L) [14M] 3,232 x 2,160 (M) [7M] 2,272 x 1,520 (S) [3.5M] 1,824 x 1,216 (When attaching 3D lens in Micro Four Thirds System standard) 16:9 4,576 x 2,576 (L) [11.5M] 3,232 x 1,824(M) [6M] 1,920 x 1,080 (S) [2M] 1,824 x 1,024 (When attaching 3D lens in Micro Four Thirds System standard) 1:1 3,424 x 3,424 (L) [11.5M] 2,416 x 2,416 (M) [6M] 1,712 x 1,712 (S) [3M] 1,712 x 1,712 (When attaching 3D lens in Micro Four Thirds System standard) 1920 × 1080 (sensor output

2250-696: The standard specifies a much reduced lens mount flange to imaging sensor plane distance of 20mm. Typically this so-called flange focal distance is over 40mm on most interchangeable lens cameras. The MFT system design flange focal length distance allows for, through use of an adapter, the possibility to mount virtually any manufacturer's existing and legacy still camera interchangeable lens (as well as some video and cine lenses) to an MFT body, albeit using manual focus and manual aperture control. For example, many theoretically obsolete 35mm film camera lenses, as well as existing current lenses for APS-C and full frame DSLR's are now usable on MFT cameras. Panasonic has announced

2300-427: The usage and source) of a lens mount system is the distance from the mounting flange (the interlocking metal rings on the camera and the rear of the lens ) to the film or image sensor plane. This value is different for different camera systems. The range of this distance, which will render an image clearly in focus within all focal lengths , is usually measured to a precision of hundredths of millimetres, and

2350-604: Was abandoned for 625-line color on the TF1 network. Modern HD specifications date to the early 1980s, when Japanese engineers developed the HighVision 1,125-line interlaced TV standard (also called MUSE ) that ran at 60 frames per second. The Sony HDVS system was presented at an international meeting of television engineers in Algiers , April 1981 and Japan's NHK presented its analog high-definition television (HDTV) system at

2400-497: Was abandoning the format and would discontinue development, marketing and manufacturing of HD DVD players and drives. The high resolution photographic film used for cinema projection is exposed at the rate of 24 frames per second but usually projected at 48, each frame getting projected twice helping to minimise flicker. One exception to this was the 1986 National Film Board of Canada short film Momentum , which briefly experimented with both filming and projecting at 48 frame/s, in

2450-427: Was hoped for after decades of largely non-interoperable analog TV broadcasting. High definition video (prerecorded and broadcast) is defined threefold, by: Often, the rate is inferred from the context, usually assumed to be either 50 Hz (Europe) or 60 Hz (USA), except for 1080p , which denotes 1080p24, 1080p25, and 1080p30, but also 1080p50 and 1080p60. A frame or field rate can also be specified without

2500-561: Was later adapted into a motion-compensated DCT algorithm for video coding formats such as the H.26x formats from the Video Coding Experts Group from 1988 onwards and the MPEG formats from 1993 onwards. Motion-compensated DCT compression significantly reduced the amount of memory and bandwidth required for digital video, capable of achieving a data compression ratio of around 100:1 compared to uncompressed video. By

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