68-866: The Papakura Stream , also known as the Papakura Creek , is a major stream in South Auckland , in the Auckland Region of New Zealand 's North Island . It flows south-west from near the Brookby to the Pahurehure Inlet of the Manukau Harbour . The stream forms the border between Manurewa and Papakura . The stream begins in the Whitford Forest north of Brookby township, flowing south-west through farmland of
136-545: A cooler climate. A number of early Tāmaki Māori iwi and hapū are associated with South Auckland. Ngā Oho was used as a unifying name for Tāmaki Māori who descended from the Tainui and Te Arawa migratory waka. Descendants of Tāhuhunui-o-te-rangi, captain of the Moekākara waka, settled around Ōtāhuhu and adopted the name Ngāi Tāhuhu , while descendants of Tāiki, a Tainui ancestor of Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki , named
204-503: A disbursed circuit around the Manukau Harbour. During this time, the tribal identities of Te Ākitai Waiohua , Ngāti Tamaoho and Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua developed. Ngāti Whātua people who remained in the area and interwed with Waiohua developed into the modern iwi Ngāti Whātua Ōrākei . By the 19th century, most Tāmaki Māori peoples moved away from fortified pā and favoured kāinga closer to resources and transport routes. In
272-656: A disease-resistant variety of kūmara that became the modern Owairaka Red variety. The development of the Auckland Southern Motorway in the mid-1950s led to an explosion in the population of Papatoetoe and Manurewa. In 1958, the first modern supermarket in New Zealand was opened in Papatoetoe, by Tom Ah Chee , Norm Kent and John Brown, and in 1967 the third American-style mall in Auckland
340-551: A new commercial and administrative centre, leading to the development of Manukau in a previously rural area between Manurewa and Papatoetoe. After the construction of Manukau, South Auckland from Ōtāhuhu to Papakura became a continuous part of the urban sprawl of Auckland. In the mid-1970s, construction on State Highway 20 (commonly known as the Southwestern Motorway) began in South Auckland, including
408-468: A new motorway bridge to be built alongside the existing Māngere Bridge. Construction was halted by May 1978, when workers organised a labour strike over insufficient redundancy payments. The partially constructed bridge was picketed for a period of two and a half years, becoming the longest continuous labour strike in the history of New Zealand. The Auckland Botanic Gardens opened in Manurewa in 1982,
476-672: A population of 316,878 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 42,378 people (15.4%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 57,651 people (22.2%) since the 2006 census . There were 78,903 households, comprising 158,331 males and 158,547 females, giving a sex ratio of 1.0 males per female, with 79,629 people (25.1%) aged under 15 years, 80,154 (25.3%) aged 15 to 29, 129,459 (40.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 27,636 (8.7%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 26.9% European/ Pākehā , 21.0% Māori , 41.1% Pacific peoples , 26.1% Asian , and 2.1% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
544-442: Is a known habitat for koura (native freshwater crayfish). The stream is in the traditional rohe of Waiohua , including Ngāti Te Ata Waiohua and Te Ākitai Waiohua , as well as Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki . The stream was used as a source for freshwater resources, including koura and eels. By the early colonial era, the catchment of the stream was used by European settlers and Māori to harvest timber and flax. During European settlement,
612-618: Is located in Māngere, in the west of Manukau, close to the waters of the Manukau Harbour. Manukau City includes the theme park Rainbow's End , and one of the oldest shopping malls in the country, now called Westfield Manukau City . In 2009, work started on the Manukau Branch passenger railway line from the North Island Main Trunk at Puhinui . The branch line opened on 15 April 2012 with Manukau railway station as
680-609: Is of Māori origin, and means "wading birds", although it has been suggested that the original name of the harbour was Mānuka , meaning a marker post with which an early chief is said to have claimed the area. Manukau City was formed by the amalgamation of Manukau County and Manurewa Borough in 1965. The council originally housed their offices at the Nathan Estate (now the Auckland Botanic Gardens , until permanent offices were constructed. Manukau County
748-440: The Auckland Southern Motorway led to major suburban development, and the establishing of Manukau City , which was later amalgamated into Auckland. Large-scale state housing areas were constructed in the 1960s and 1970s, which led to significant Urban Māori and Pasifika communities developing in the area. The presence of 165 different ethnicities makes South Auckland one of the most diverse places in New Zealand but also one of
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#1732787353224816-465: The Auckland isthmus , and on the eastern shores of the Manukau Harbour . The area has been populated by Tāmaki Māori since at least the 14th century, and has important archaeological sites, such as the Ōtuataua stonefield gardens at Ihumātao , and Māngere Mountain , a former pā site important to Waiohua tribes. The area was primarily farmland until the mid-20th century, when the construction of
884-471: The Auckland volcanic field are found in South Auckland, such as Māngere Mountain , Matukutūreia and the Pukaki Lagoon . Many of the mountains of South Auckland have been quarried, such as Matukutūruru , Maungataketake and Ōtara Hill (either entirely or partially). Some of the northern-most features of the older South Auckland volcanic field can be found in the area, such as Pukekiwiriki and
952-637: The Hūnua Falls . Both the Manukau Harbour and the Tāmaki River are drowned river valley systems. The Manukau Harbour formed between 3 and 5 million years ago when tectonic forces between the Pacific Plate and Australian Plate uplifted the Waitākere Ranges and subsided the Manukau Harbour. It began as an open bay, eventually forming as a sheltered harbour as the Āwhitu Peninsula developed at
1020-496: The Manukau Harbour , and the volcanic scoria of Maungataketake and Puketutu Island was quarried for construction material. South Auckland's demographics rapidly changed from the 1950s to the 1970s. Between the 1940s and 1960s, Māori living in rural areas were encouraged to move to cities by the Māori Affairs Department , in order to create a larger industrial labour force. Urban Māori populations first settled in
1088-490: The Māngere-Ōtāhuhu , Manurewa , Ōtara-Papatoetoe , Papakura local board areas. The term South Auckland was first used in the 1880s, to refer to areas of the southern Auckland Province , such as Cambridge , Ngāruawāhia , Te Awamutu , or Hamilton . The first references to modern South Auckland come from 1962, in discussions for the creation of Manukau City . The term began developing negative connotations in
1156-642: The New Zealand Army . Areas of Papatoetoe and Manurewa were used as military camps for the United States Army . Middlemore Hospital opened in 1947, originally intended to be a temporary military hospital. In the 1950s, Chinese New Zealand gardeners Fay Gock and Joe Gock began cultivating kūmara (sweet potatoes) at their farm beside the Pūkaki Creek, using plants donated to them by their neighbours at Pūkaki Marae. The Gocks developed
1224-613: The Papakura District from 1989 to 2010. By the late 2010s, the stream had become one of the more polluted waterways in the Auckland Region . A major volunteer regeneration project for the stream began in 2021, with an estimated 11,000 native trees planted along the stream's banks in the first year. The stream has two shared paths as it reaches the Manukau Harbour: the Wattle Downs South Path on
1292-654: The Tāmaki River after himself (Te Wai ō Tāiki) and settled on the eastern shores of the river alongside the descendants of Huiārangi (of the early iwi Te Tini ō Maruiwi), including the shores of Te Waiōtara (the Ōtara Creek ). Over time, Ngā Riki emerged as a group who settled between Ōtāhuhu and Papakura , and Ngā Oho was used to describe the people who lived around Papakura. Many of the volcanic features of South Auckland became fortified pā sites for Tāmaki Māori, notably Māngere Mountain , Matukutūruru , Matukutūreia and Pukekiwiriki . There are few pā sites inland from
1360-559: The Waiohua under the rangatira Huakaiwaka. The union lasted for three generations, and was centred around the pā of Maungawhau and later Maungakiekie on the Auckland isthmus . Other Tāmaki Māori groups such as Ngāi Tāhuhu were considered either allies of Waiohua, or hapū within the union. Māngere Mountain / Te Pane-o-Mataaho / Te Ara Pueru was a major pā for the Waiohua , a confederacy of Tāmaki Māori iwi . The mountain complex may have been home to thousands of people, with
1428-604: The Wesleyan Methodist Church established a mission at the foot of Maungataketake , near Ihumātao. The following year, Governor George Grey established the village of Ōtāhuhu . The village was created as a way to protect the township of Auckland, and was settled by retired British soldiers of the Royal New Zealand Fencible Corps . Grey also asked Pōtatau Te Wherowhero (then known as a powerful chief and negotiator, but later
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#17327873532241496-565: The taraire forest at Kirks Bush in Papakura, and areas of the Auckland Botanic Gardens in Manurewa. The Auckland area was an early location visited by many of the Māori migration canoes , including the Matahourua , Aotea , Mātaatua , Tainui , Tākitimu , Tokomaru , Te Wakatūwhenua and Moekākara waka. Some of the earliest stories about the region involve Te Tō Waka ,
1564-582: The 1820s, the threat of Ngāpuhi war parties from the north during the Musket Wars caused most of the Tāmaki Makaurau area to become deserted. Ngāti Whatua and Waiohua relocated to the Waikato under the protection of Pōtatau Te Wherowhero . A peace accord between Ngāpuhi and Waikato Tainui was reached through the marriage of Matire Toha, daughter of Ngāpuhi chief Rewa was married to Kati Takiwaru,
1632-485: The 1910s, Between the 1920s and 1940s, significant portions of South Auckland were used for Chinese-owned and operated market gardens. In 1911, the first controlled powered flight in New Zealand took place in Takanini . The flight took place inside a single paddock within the racecourse of the now-defunct Papakura Racing Club. The flight was piloted by Vivian Walsh and was carried out in a Howard Wright 1910 Biplane ,
1700-539: The 1950s and 1960s, typically from primarily from Western Samoa (modern-day Samoa), Tonga , the Cook Islands and Niue . By the mid-1970s, gentrification caused many Pasifika communities to relocate away from the central suburbs, moving to areas such as South Auckland. In 1965, Manukau City was formed by the amalgamation of the Manurewa Borough and Manukau County. The new city decided to create
1768-619: The 1970s, with non-residents associating the term with deprivation, crime and violence. From 1989, many organisations began using the term Counties Manukau as an alternative way to describe South Auckland. The name South Auckland is often used imprecisely by the press or politicians, to describe lower socio-economic areas south of the Auckland City Centre . Some areas of the Auckland isthmus occasionally referred to as South Auckland are Onehunga , Penrose , Mount Wellington , and Panmure . Some Howick ward suburbs to
1836-510: The 2040s, the Auckland Council plans to create a new regional park on Puketutu Island. Much of the island was quarried in the 1950s, and is slowly being refilled with biosolids. At the end of this process, the quarried peaks will be reformed. South Auckland covers 166.94 km (64.46 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 375,300 as of June 2024, with a population density of 2,248 people per km . South Auckland had
1904-480: The Brookby Valley, and through the suburbs of Alfriston , Randwick Park , Takanini and Manurewa . The stream reaches the Pahurehure Inlet of the Manukau Harbour , flowing past Wattle Downs to the west and Waiata Shores to the east. The stream is approximately 63 kilometres long, with a catchment of approximately 4,100 hectares. Papakura Stream is occasionally referred to as Māhia Stream. The stream
1972-577: The Manukau Harbour to the Waikato River in the south. Tāmaki Māori peoples settled the eastern coastline of the Manukau Harbour as early as the 14th century. Settlements in the area were based on what resources were available seasonally, such as Manukau Harbour fish and shellfish. In the 15th century, Tāmaki Māori people created extensive garden sites at Ihumātao , Wiri and the slopes of Māngere Mountain . These garden sites used Polynesian agricultural techniques and traditions, with
2040-601: The Manukau Harbour, inviting Lieutenant-Governor William Hobson to settle in Auckland, hoping this would protect the land and people living in Tāmaki Makaurau. In the winter of 1840, Ngāti Whātua moved the majority of the iwi to the Waitematā Harbour , with most iwi members resettling to the Remuera - Ōrākei area, closer to the new European settlement at Waihorotiu (modern-day Auckland City Centre ). A smaller Ngāti Whātua presence remained at Māngere-Onehunga. In 1846,
2108-700: The Tāmaki River becoming one of the busiest waterways in New Zealand by the late 1850s. In April 1851, the Tāmaki Bridge was constructed along the Great South Road , spurring growth in the Papatoetoe area. By 1855, the Great South Road was extended as far south as Drury . Coal mining became a major industry in Drury during this time, and in 1862 one of the first tramways in New Zealand
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2176-424: The area in the latter 19th century along the Great South Road corridor. In 1875, the North Island Main Trunk began operating in South Auckland, linking the South Auckland area to Auckland and the Waikato by train, and leading to development along this corridor. The first Māngere Bridge was opened in 1875, linking Māngere to Onehunga. The township of Woodside in modern-day Wiri dwindled in importance after
2244-583: The chiefs understood or consented to. Māori continued to live in South Auckland, unchanged by this sale. The Fairburn Purchase was criticised for the sheer size of the purchase, and in 1842 the Crown significantly reduced the size of his land holdings, and the Crown partitioned much of the land for European settlers. On 20 March 1840, Ngāti Whātua chief Apihai Te Kawau signed the Treaty of Waitangi at Orua Bay on
2312-482: The city's population identified as European, with 17% as Māori, 27% as Pacific, and 15% as Asian, with the balance made up of other groups. Prior to being merged into Auckland Council in November 2010, Manukau City was divided into seven wards; each of them consisting of the following populated places (i.e.: suburbs, towns, localities, settlements, communities, hamlets, etc.): The Manukau City Council
2380-440: The coasts, due to the flat land being unsuitable for fortified sites. The pā is known by the name Te Pā-o-te-tū-tahi-atu, a name that describes the pā as temporary, due to the surrounding flat landscape not being ideal for fortifications. In the early 17th century, the area became a part of the rohe of Te Kawerau ā Maki . In the 17th century, three major tribes of Tāmaki Makaurau, Ngā Iwi, Ngā Oho and Ngā Riki, joined to form
2448-508: The death of paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki , who became the major occupants of the Tāmaki isthmus and Māngere . Ngāti Whātua was significantly smaller than the Waiohua confederation and chose to focus life at Onehunga , Māngere and Ōrākei . Gradually, the Waiohua people who had sought refuge with their Waikato Tainui relatives to the south, re-established in the South Auckland area, mainly in
2516-434: The east are often called South Auckland, including Flat Bush and East Tāmaki . Towns south of Auckland are also often referred to as South Auckland, including Pukekohe and Waiuku , and occasionally some towns in the northern Waikato Region, such as Pōkeno and Tuakau . South Auckland is an area on the eastern shores of the Manukau Harbour , and the upper headwaters of the Tāmaki River . Many features of
2584-509: The first Māori King ) to settle at Māngere Bridge as a second defensive site, which developed into a Ngāti Mahuta village. Papakura was established in the late 1840s by a small group of settler families. The South Auckland area flourished in the 1850s, when Manukau Harbour and Waikato tribes produced goods to sell or barter at the port of Onehunga , primarily corn, potato, kūmara, pigs, peaches, melons, fish and potatoes. Ōtāhuhu developed as an agricultural centre and trade hub, with
2652-506: The harbour's mouth. Over the last two million years, the harbour has cycled between periods of being a forested river valley and a flooded harbour, depending on changes in the global sea level . The present harbour formed approximately 8,000 years ago, after the Last Glacial Maximum . Historically, much of inland South Auckland was composed of wetlands. Many areas of remnant native bush are found in South Auckland, such as
2720-491: The inner suburbs of Auckland and areas close to factories; often areas with poor housing. To counter overcrowding in the central suburbs, the New Zealand Government undertook large scale state housing developments, creating planned suburbs in Ōtara and Māngere in the 1970s, and adding large areas of state housing around Manurewa and Papatoetoe. Large-scale immigration of Pasifika New Zealanders began in
2788-435: The most socio-economically deprived. South Auckland is not a strictly defined area. It primarily refers to the western and central parts of the former Manukau City , which existed between 1989 and 2010, and surrounding areas of Franklin . Major areas of South Auckland include Māngere , Manukau , Manurewa , Ōtāhuhu , Ōtara , Papakura and Papatoetoe . A strict definition sometimes used for South Auckland includes just
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2856-487: The mountain acting as a central place for rua (food storage pits). Paramount chief Kiwi Tāmaki stayed at Māngere seasonally, when it was the time of year to hunt sharks in the Manukau Harbour. To the south, the twin peaks of Matukutūreia and Matukutūruru were home to the Ngāi Huatau hapū of Waiohua, settled by Huatau, daughter of Huakaiwaka. Around the year 1740, a conflict between Ngāti Whātua and Waiohua led to
2924-671: The parts for which were imported from England in 1910 and assembled by members of the Auckland Aeroplane Syndicate. During the 1920s, Papatoetoe and Manurewa became some of the fastest growing areas of Auckland. These were joined by Māngere East , which developed after the opening of the Otahuhu Railway Workshops in the late 1920s. During World War II , the Papakura Military Camp was established as an important base for
2992-640: The portage at Ōtāhuhu , that allowed waka to cross between the east coast and the Manukau Harbour , where only 200 metres of land separated the two. The crossing of the Tainui waka is memorialised in the name of Ngarango Otainui Island in the Māngere Inlet , where the wooden skids used to haul the waka were left after the trip was made, and other waka including the Matahourua , Aotea , Mātaatua and Tokomaru all have traditional stories associated with
3060-617: The portage. Portages remained important features Tāmaki Māori. In South Auckland, the Waokauri and Pūkaki portages at Papatoetoe was used to avoid Te Tō Waka, controlled by the people who lived at Ōtāhuhu / Mount Richmond . The Papakura portage connected the Manukau Harbour at Papakura in the west to the Wairoa River in the east, likely along the path of the Old Wairoa Road, and Te Pai o Kaiwaka at Waiuku connected
3128-412: The railway opened, slowly being overtaken by neighbouring Manurewa . Much of South Auckland was known for wheat production, until the 1880s when dairy farming became popular. The first local governments in the area, were established in the 1860s in order to better fund roading projects. During the 1890s, the wetlands of South Auckland were a major location for kauri gum digging. Papakura township
3196-726: The same year as, Rainbow's End a theme park in Manukau. Over time, Rainbow's End expanded to become the largest theme park in New Zealand. In the 1989 local government reforms, Manukau, Papatoetoe and Howick in East Auckland amalgamated into the Manukau City, and in 2010 all areas of the Auckland Region were merged into a single unitary body, administered by Auckland Council . By the 2010s, areas of South Auckland such as Papatoetoe had developed as major areas for South Asian communities. Between 2016 and 2020, Ihumātao
3264-691: The south before the Government's Invasion of the Waikato . Small numbers of people remained, in order to tend to their farms and for ahi kā (land rights through continued occupation). Most Māori occupants of the area felt they had no choice due to their strong ties to Tainui and Pōtatau Te Wherowhero, and were forced to flee to the south. While fleeing, Te Ākitai Waiohua rangatira Ihaka Takanini and his family were captured by his former neighbour, Lieutenant-Colonel Marmaduke Nixon , and taken prisoner on Rakino Island , where Ihaka Takanini died. During
3332-759: The south of the Ōtāhuhu isthmus, the narrowest connection between Auckland City and the Northland region and the rest of the North Island. At its narrowest, between the Otahuhu Creek arm of the Tamaki River (itself an estuarial arm of the Hauraki Gulf ) in the east and the Māngere Inlet (an arm of the Manukau Harbour ) to the west, the isthmus is only some 1500 metres across. The area to
3400-412: The south of the isthmus contains the heart of Manukau, sprawled on either side of state highways 1 and 20 , the latter of which approaches from the west after crossing Māngere Bridge . The area known as Manukau Central is located close to the junction of these two highways, some 20 kilometres southeast of the centre of Auckland city. Considerable rural and semi-rural land to the east of Manukau Central
3468-412: The stone walls acting acted as boundaries, windbreaks and drainage systems for the crops grown in the area, which included kūmara (sweet potato), hue ( calabash gourds ), taro , uwhi (ube yam), tī pore (Pacific cabbage tree) and aute (the paper mulberry tree). The environment-modifying techniques used in the Ōtuataua Stonefields allowed early Tāmaki Māori to propagate crops which were not suited to
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#17327873532243536-567: The stream was highly modified for agriculture. The stream was used by the Lactos Ltd factory in the 1930s as a source of water, and from 1949, the East Tamaki Co-operative Dairy Company constructed a milk powder factory on the east side of stream in Takanini . The stream would regularly flood in the 1950s, causing problems for the factory. The Papakura Stream formed the border between Manukau City and
3604-417: The terminus for Eastern Line services. The Manukau Institute of Technology university campus building is built over the top of the station, which serves the Manukau city centre. On 7 April 2018, a 23-bay bus station ( Manukau bus station ) was opened on a lot adjacent to the train station to create a transport hub serving most of the southern Auckland Region. As of the late 2000s, slightly less than 50% of
3672-521: The war, many stockades and redoubts were constructed by the Crown troops. This included St John's Redoubt on Great South Road , constructed in order to secure the supply line for troops and in operation until 1864. Early skirmishes between the Crown and Kīngitanga forces happened in the forested land around Drury and Pukekohe areas, including the Defence of Pukekohe East in September 1863. After
3740-513: The war, the Crown confiscated 1.2 million acres of Māori land around the Waikato , including Waiohua land in South Auckland. The former residents of the Manukau Harbour began returning to the area in 1866, with the Native Compensation Court returning small portions of land in 1867. Most land was kept by the crown as reserves, or sold on to British immigrant farmers. Small farming communities such as began developing in
3808-541: The western banks, and the Waiata Shores Shared Path, on the southeastern banks further upstream. A footbridge has been proposed to link Wattle Downs to Waiata Shores. South Auckland South Auckland ( Māori : Te Tonga o Tāmaki Makaurau or Māori : Tāmaki ki te Tonga ) is one of the major geographical regions of Auckland , the largest city in New Zealand . The area is south of
3876-478: The younger brother of Tainui chief Pōtatau Te Wherowhero , who settled together on the slopes of Māngere Mountain. Ngāti Whātua returned to the Māngere-Onehunga area by the mid-1830s, re-establishing a pā on Māngere Mountain called Whakarongo. During the 1840s, Waiohua descendant tribes returned to their papakāinga (settlements) at Ihumātao, Pūkaki , Papahīnau, Waimāhia and Te Aparangi . Māngere-Onehunga
3944-455: Was Paerata Rise north of Pukekohe, joined by Auranga , an area of coastal Karaka . A major development is planned for the Drury- Ōpaheke area, to be developed in stages from the 2020s through to the 2050s. Three new train stations will be constructed in the area between Papakura and Pukekohe. In the 2010s, a light rail line was proposed to link the Auckland City Centre to Māngere. In
4012-571: Was 38.5, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 25.3% had no religion, 48.6% were Christian , 2.2% had Māori religious beliefs , 8.0% were Hindu , 3.6% were Muslim , 1.5% were Buddhist and 5.3% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 34,152 (14.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 49,143 (20.7%) people had no formal qualifications. 23,367 people (9.8%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
4080-653: Was adjacent to the large Ardmore Gumfield (also known as the Papakura Gumfield), which stretched from Manurewa to Clevedon . By the 1900s, Auckland gumfields and swamps began being converted into farmland and orchards. In 1890, the Māori King, Tāwhiao , had a residence constructed for his family members at Māngere Bridge, where members of the family including Mahuta Tāwhiao , Tumate Mahuta and Tonga Mahuta stayed while attending schools in Auckland. The first Chinese New Zealanders arrived in South Auckland in
4148-496: Was constructed to transport coal from the mine to the Manukau Harbour. In 1861, Governor George Grey ordered the construction of the Great South Road further into the Waikato, due to fears of potential invasion of Waikato Tainui . On 9 July 1863, due to fears of the Māori King Movement, Governor Grey proclaimed that all Māori living in the South Auckland area needed to swear loyalty to the Queen and give up their weapons. Most people refused due to strong links to Tainui, leaving for
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#17327873532244216-405: Was occupied by protesters, who were concerned at the construction of a housing development on the archaeological site, and called for the land to be returned to mana whenua . In late 2020, the New Zealand Government purchased the site, with no decision being made on the future of the land. Areas south of Papakura began developing into new suburban housing in the late 2010s. The first of these
4284-426: Was opened, Southmall Manurewa . In 1960, the Manukau Sewage Purification Works (now Māngere Wastewater Treatment Plant) was opened in the Manukau Harbour, using algae-based oxidation ponds, around Puketutu Island . A new purpose-built Auckland Airport was opened in Māngere 1966 to replace the dual commercial and military airport at Whenuapai . The construction of the airport led to significant reclamation of
4352-404: Was reduced in size on the 1st April, 1912, with the southern portion of the county forming the new Franklin County . In 1923, Manukau County covered 195 sq mi (510 km ) and had a population of 6,146, with 163 mi (262 km) of gravel roads , 90 mi (140 km) of mud roads and 115 mi (185 km) of tracks. The Manukau City area is concentrated immediately to
4420-478: Was that 120,102 (50.6%) people were employed full-time, 26,430 (11.1%) were part-time, and 14,052 (5.9%) were unemployed. $ 24,700 $ 25,900 $ 27,400 Manukau City Manukau City was a territorial authority district in Auckland , New Zealand, that was governed by the Manukau City Council. The area is also referred to as " South Auckland ", although this term never possessed official recognition and does not encompass areas such as East Auckland , which
4488-405: Was the main residence of Auckland-based Ngāti Whātua until the 1840s. In January 1836 missionary William Thomas Fairburn brokered a land sale between Tāmaki Māori chiefs, Pōtatau Te Wherowhero and Turia of Ngāti Te Rau , covering the majority of modern-day South Auckland between Ōtāhuhu and Papakura . The sale was envisioned as a way to end hostilities in the area, but it is unclear what
4556-406: Was within the city boundary. It was a relatively young city, both in terms of legal status and large-scale settlement – though in June 2010, it was the third largest in New Zealand, and the fastest growing. In the same year, the entire Auckland Region was amalgamated under a single city authority, Auckland Council . The name Manukau , originating from the Manukau Harbour west of the city,
4624-404: Was within the city council district. This extended towards the Hunua Ranges close to the Firth of Thames , and took in such communities as Clevedon and Maraetai . Beyond Manukau City to the south is Papakura and the Franklin District , which are less urban, but still part of the Auckland Region , and to some extent regarded as an integral part of Auckland's urban area. Auckland Airport
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