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57-598: The area has always been a working-class neighbourhood, and understanding Park Extension's place in Montreal is to know how Montreal developed. Montreal started from a small fortified city by the Saint Lawrence River ; and expanded north towards the Laurentian Mountains . Being at the head of Park Avenue , Park Extension formed the northern end of Montreal's immigrant corridor. Park Extension

114-662: A decade, daily service was available in the hotly-contested Montreal-Quebec route. Because of the virtually impassable Lachine Rapids , the St. Lawrence was once continuously navigable only as far as Montreal. Opened in 1825, the Lachine Canal was the first to allow ships to pass the rapids. An extensive system of canals and locks, known as the St. Lawrence Seaway , was officially opened on 26 June 1959 by Elizabeth II (representing Canada) and President Dwight D. Eisenhower (representing

171-411: A different route was originally planned around Quebec City south of Jean Lesage International Airport (the existing 12 km (7 mi) segment of Autoroute 40 between Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures and Autoroute 73 would have been the western end of Autoroute 440 , thus explaining the exit numbering starting at 12). While the right-of-ways of both bypasses still exist and may still be developed in

228-570: A fascination and a keen interest for laymen and, subjects of endless studies for scientists from Quebec, Canada and around the world. Thirteen species of cetaceans frequent the waters of the estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence : Flowing through and adjacent to numerous Indigenous homelands, the river was a primary thoroughfare for many peoples. Beginning in Dawnland at the Gulf of St. Lawrence,

285-456: A river that flows into the sea). The river's present name has been used since 1604 when it was recorded on a map by Samuel de Champlain Champlain opted for the names Grande riviere de sainct Laurens and Fleuve sainct Laurens in his writings, supplanting the earlier names. In contemporary French, the name is rendered as the fleuve Saint-Laurent . The name Saint-Laurent (Saint Lawrence)

342-476: A song called "The Pulse of Parc Ex" on their 2006 album, Triple Burner . Park Extension is served by two Montreal Metro stations on the Blue line : Parc and Acadie It is also served by Parc commuter rail station on Exo's Saint-Jérôme line ( line 12 ). Parc station is adjacent to the old Park Avenue railway station , which operated between 1931 and 1984. It is now owned by Loblaws , which operated for

399-587: A subject of controversy when they were locked one year at Halloween, preventing children from Park Extension from trick-or-treating in TMR. The Mount Royal town council responded by removing the gates. As of 2007, the gates were restored, with signs stating that this is for the safety of children and pedestrians. The Commission scolaire de Montréal (CSDM) operates French-language public schools. The English Montreal School Board (EMSB) operates English-language schools. The Montreal Public Libraries Network operates

456-473: A time a Joe Fresh outlet in the former station hall. The space between the station building and the railway line, where the original platforms were located, was occupied by a Provigo Le Marché supermarket and its vehicular access. As of 2022, a Maxi & Cie occupies the area. A fence runs along the western border of Park Extension, on the opposite side of L'Acadie Boulevard in the Town of Mount Royal . While

513-525: Is 12,101 m /s (427,300 cu ft/s). The average discharge at the river's source, the outflow of Lake Ontario, is 7,410 m /s (262,000 cu ft/s). The St. Lawrence River includes Lake Saint Francis at Salaberry-de-Valleyfield , Lake Saint-Louis south of Montreal and Lake Saint Pierre east of Montreal. It encompasses four archipelagoes : the Thousand Islands chain near Alexandria Bay, New York and Kingston, Ontario ;

570-530: Is an Autoroute on the north shore of the St. Lawrence River in the Canadian province of Quebec . It is one of the two major connections between Montreal and Quebec City , the other being Autoroute 20 on the south shore of the St. Lawrence. Autoroute 40 is currently 347 km (215.6 mi) long. Between the Ontario–Quebec boundary and the interchange with Autoroute 25 , the route is signed as part of

627-634: Is in Canada and 505,000 km (194,981.6 sq mi) is in the United States. The basin covers parts of Ontario and Quebec in Canada, parts of Minnesota , Wisconsin , Illinois , Indiana , Ohio , Pennsylvania , New York , Vermont , and nearly the entirety of the state of Michigan in the United States. The average discharge below the Saguenay River is 16,800 cubic metres per second (590,000 cu ft/s). At Quebec City, it

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684-579: Is known to anti-communist authorities and groups, who are keeping it under surveillance." This reflected both the suspicion of new immigrants in general, and the fact that many of these immigrants left their homelands because of political persecution. The area is bounded by the Metropolitan Expressway Autoroute 40 , to the north; l'Acadie Blvd, to the west; Casgrain Avenue, to the east; and Beaumont Avenue, and Rue Jean-Talon, to

741-466: Is one of Canada's most ethnically diverse neighbourhoods. In the 2000s, more people starting moving to Park Extension from areas like the Plateau and Mile End as the housing is similar but much cheaper to rent and to buy. Several new condo buildings started being built. The area is also attractive many artists and musicians who wish to make Park Extension their permanent home. Being somewhat central on

798-645: Is the busiest highway in Quebec, the busiest section of the Trans-Canada Highway , as well as the second busiest highway section overall in Canada after Highway 401 in Toronto. Two sections of Autoroute 40 were not part of the original plans: The original intention was to bypass Trois-Rivières to the north (the existing A-40 through downtown would have been Autoroute 755 and the concurrency with Autoroute 55 would have been simply A-55). In addition,

855-407: Is the city councillor representing Park Extension. She was elected under Vision Montreal in 1998 and has been re-elected in every municipal election since that time including the most recent election in 2017, in which she ran for Équipe Denis Coderre. After the defeat of Coderre in the city mayoralty race, her party was renamed Ensemble Montréal . Former city councillors The district is part of

912-559: The Gulf of Saint Lawrence . The St. Lawrence River is today partly within the U.S. and as such is that country's sixth oldest surviving European place-name. The earliest regular Europeans in the area were the Basques , who came to the St Lawrence Gulf and River in pursuit of whales from the early 16th century. The Basque whalers and fishermen traded with indigenous Americans and set up settlements, leaving vestiges all over

969-415: The Gulf of St. Lawrence , often given as the largest estuary in the world. The estuary begins at the eastern tip of Île d'Orléans , just downstream from Quebec City. The river becomes tidal around Quebec City. The St. Lawrence River runs 3,058 kilometres (1,900  mi ) from the farthest headwater to the mouth and 1,197 km (743.8 mi) from the outflow of Lake Ontario. These numbers include

1026-829: The Hochelaga Archipelago , including the Island of Montreal and Île Jésus ( Laval ); the Lake St. Pierre Archipelago (classified a biosphere world reserve by the UNESCO in 2000) and the smaller Mingan Archipelago . Other islands include Île d'Orléans near Quebec City and Anticosti Island north of the Gaspé . It is the second longest river in Canada. Lake Champlain and the Ottawa , Richelieu , Saint-Maurice , Saint-François , Chaudière and Saguenay rivers drain into

1083-596: The Trans-Canada Highway . The western terminus of Autoroute 40 is located at the Ontario –Quebec border, where it continues as Highway 417 towards Ottawa ; the eastern terminus is in Boischatel , where it transitions into Route 138 at the end of the freeway. The portion of Autoroute 40 from the Ontario border to Autoroute 25 is part of the Trans-Canada Highway . The Metropolitan Autoroute portion in Montreal

1140-764: The Hellenic Republic of Parc-Ex, Park X Streets, and A.A. Hellas. The games take place at Howie Morenz Arena during the summer months. The city's only practice area for cricket with cricket cages (similar to batting cages) are in Howard Park which is next to the arena. In the Montreal-wide soccer league, Park Extension is represented by the Panellinios soccer club. The documentary, Cricket & Parc Ex: A Love Story (2016), by director Garry Beitel and producer Barry Lazar (reFrame Films), profiled

1197-545: The Island of Montreal, relatively close to shopping areas (like Rockland Center, Marché Central, and Jean-Talon Market), and because of the revitalization of Jarry Park, Park Extension has become increasingly attractive to younger generations in general. There are Metro stations and several bus stops in the area too. All of this in turn, along with the new Université de Montréal campus between Beaumont and Van Horne Avenues, has caused gentrification and "renoviction" issues to affect

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1254-698: The Jewish community was diminishing. Congregation Beth Aaron merged with the Beth Israel Congregation in 1986, and the building was sold. Despite this, the Jewish community still owns property and businesses on Beaumont; the southernmost part of Park Extension. In the 1950s and 1960s Park Extension attracted a sizable Italian population, most of whom came directly from Italy. But over time the Italian population drifted to eastern suburbs like Saint-Leonard, Quebec . Many Greek immigrants settled in

1311-617: The Parc-Extension library. Saint Lawrence River The St. Lawrence River ( French : Fleuve Saint-Laurent ) is a large international river in the middle latitudes of North America connecting the Great Lakes to the North Atlantic Ocean . Its waters flow in a northeasterly direction from Lake Ontario to the Gulf of St. Lawrence , traversing Ontario and Quebec in Canada and New York in

1368-652: The St. Lawrence upstream to Montreal and the Ottawa River after Montreal. The St. Lawrence River served as the main route for European exploration of the North American interior, first pioneered by French explorer Samuel de Champlain . Control of the river was crucial to British strategy to capture New France in the Seven Years' War . Having captured Louisbourg in 1758, the British sailed up to Quebec

1425-639: The St. Lawrence. The St. Lawrence River is in a seismically active zone where fault reactivation is believed to occur along late Proterozoic to early Paleozoic normal faults related to the opening of the Iapetus Ocean . The faults in the area are rift -related and comprise the Saint Lawrence rift system . According to the United States Geological Survey, the St. Lawrence Valley is a physiographic province of

1482-852: The United States). The Seaway (including the Welland Canal ) now permits ocean-going vessels to pass all the way to Lake Superior . During the Second World War , the Battle of the St. Lawrence involved submarine and anti-submarine actions throughout the lower St. Lawrence River and the entire Gulf of St. Lawrence , Strait of Belle Isle and Cabot Strait from May to October 1942, September 1943, and again in October and November 1944. During this time, German U-boats sank several merchant marine ships and three Canadian warships. In

1539-662: The United States. A section of the river demarcates the Canada–U.S. border . As the primary drainage outflow of the Great Lakes Basin , the St. Lawrence has the second-highest discharge of any river in North America (after the Mississippi River ) and the 16th-highest in the world. The estuary of St. Lawrence is often cited by scientists as the largest in the world. Significant natural landmarks of

1596-567: The area gradually after about 2008 with various protests occurring in and after 2018. Many tenants who have lived there for years have been forced out of area with more being forced to leave every year. During the " red scare " of the 1950s, according to an article in "On and Off the Record" in the Montreal Gazette dated April 24, 1956, page 4: "The Park Extension district is currently a hot-bed of Communist activity; much or all of which

1653-582: The average population density in Montreal, but the same density as the Plateau, Villeray, St-Michel and Mile End. Parc Jarry is a large City of Montreal park, that includes IGA Stadium (tennis), that is located within Parc Extension. Regarding Park Avenue itself, it should be mentioned that a further three block section of Park Avenue (Ave. du Parc) exists north of Metropolitan Blvd (i.e. beyond Park Extension). This street handles one-way, northbound-only traffic from Cremazie Blvd. and ends at Chabanel, in

1710-652: The backbone of the St. Lawrence Seaway , a lock and canal system that enables world marine traffic to access the inland ports of the Great Lakes Waterway . The river has been called a variety of names by local First Nations . Beginning in the 16th century, French explorers visited what is now Canada and gave the river names such as the Grand fleuve de Hochelaga and the Grande rivière du Canada , where fleuve and rivière are two French words ( fleuve being

1767-728: The borough of Villeray–Saint-Michel–Parc-Extension . The district is part of the Papineau federal riding and the Laurier-Dorion provincial electoral district. Many sports are popular in the Park Extension area, dating back to the Montreal Expos Baseball team at nearby Jarry Park Stadium . The primary sports of choice for the locals are ball hockey, soccer and cricket. The province wide Quebec Ball Hockey Association has three Parc-Extension area teams:

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1824-444: The brothers Gaspar and Miguel Corte-Real . The first European explorer known to have sailed up the St. Lawrence River itself was Jacques Cartier . At that time, the land along the river described as "about two leagues, a mountain as tall as a heap of wheat" was inhabited by the St. Lawrence Iroquoians . During Cartier's second voyage in 1535, because Cartier arrived in the estuary on Saint Lawrence 's feast day 10 August, he named it

1881-530: The city's garment district. In addition, a short section of Park Avenue runs north from the western end of Liege St. just east of the CPR railway tracks. This stretch of road is essentially a driveway serving loading docks of various fruit and vegetable warehouses. Note: All compass directions above are given in nominal terms. For much of the City of Montreal, nominal "north" is actually to the west-northwest. Mary Deros

1938-654: The coast of eastern Canada and deep into the St. Lawrence River. Basque commercial and fishing activity reached its peak before the Armada Invencible ' s disaster (1588), when the Basque whaling fleet was confiscated by King Philip II of Spain . Initially, the whaling galleons from Labourd were not affected by the Spanish defeat. Until the early 17th century, the French used the name Rivière du Canada to designate

1995-726: The estuary, and it reaches the east of Les Méchins at the end of December. Ice covers the entire Gulf of St. Lawrence in January and February. Ice helps navigation by preventing the formation of waves, and therefore spray, and prevents the icing of ships. With the draining of the Champlain Sea , due to a rebounding continent from the Last Glacial Maximum , the St. Lawrence River was formed. The Champlain Sea lasted from about 13,000 years ago to about 10,000 years ago and

2052-581: The estuary; without the estuary, the length from Lake Ontario is c. 500 km (c. 300 mi). The farthest headwater is the North River in the Mesabi Range at Hibbing , Minnesota. Its drainage area, which includes the Great Lakes, the world's largest system of freshwater lakes, is 1,344,200 square kilometres (518,998.5 sq mi), of which 839,200 km (324,016.9 sq mi)

2109-510: The following year thanks to charts drawn up by James Cook . British troops were ferried via the St. Lawrence to attack the city from the west, which they successfully did at the Battle of the Plains of Abraham . The river was used again by the British to defeat the French siege of Quebec under the Chevalier de Lévis in 1760. In 1809, the first steamboat to ply its trade on the St. Lawrence

2166-695: The former country of the St. Lawrence Iroquois and then three of the six homelands of the Haudenosaunee : the Mohawk or Kanienʼkehá꞉ka , the Oneida or Onyota'a:ka , and the Onondaga or Onöñda’gaga’ . In the early 17th century, the Huron-Wendat Nation migrated from their original country of Huronia to what is now known as Nionwentsïo centred around Wendake . Nionwentsïo occupies both

2223-472: The future as congestion increases, there are no immediate plans to renew construction. A 25 km (16 mi) stretch of the highway in Pointe-Claire , from roughly St. John's Boulevard, near Fairview Pointe-Claire Shopping Centre, to the turnaround loop, Senneville Road was used during the 1976 Summer Olympics for the men's road team time trial cycling race. In 1997, the highway (apart from

2280-675: The larger Appalachian division, containing the Champlain section. However, in Canada, where most of the valley is, it is instead considered part of a distinct St. Lawrence Lowlands physiographic division, and not part of the Appalachian division at all. The source of the North River in the Mesabi Range in Minnesota (Seven Beaver Lake) is considered to be the source of the St. Lawrence River. Because it crosses so many lakes,

2337-597: The late 1970s, the river was the subject of a successful ecological campaign (called "Save the River"), originally responding to planned development by the United States Army Corps of Engineers . The campaign was organized, among others, by Abbie Hoffman . [[Category:Rivers Quebec Autoroute 40 Autoroute 40 , officially known as Autoroute Félix-Leclerc outside Montreal and Metropolitan Autoroute/Autoroute Métropolitaine within Montreal,

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2394-490: The major rivers that flow into the Great Lakes. Great Lakes tributaries are listed in alphabetical order. The list includes all tributaries with a drainage area of at least 1,000 square kilometres and an average flow of more than 10 cubic metres per second. tributary The diversity of the St. Lawrence River includes: Large marine mammals travel in all the seas of the earth, the research and observations of these giants concern fishermen and shipping industry , exercise

2451-491: The more recently arrived immigrant South Asian communities which have moved into Park Extension and how their love for the game of cricket brings them together. It is also a film about how recreational sport can transform a neighborhood. The instrumental jazz group Parc-X Trio is named for the borough of Park Extension. Efrim Menuck 's recent album High Gospel opened with the track Our Lady of Parc Extension . Harris Newman (guitar) and Bruce Cawdron (percussion) recorded

2508-439: The neighbourhood from the mid-1960s through the 1980s, both from Le Plateau-Mont-Royal and directly from Greece. In the 1970s nearly 70% of residents were of Greek ancestry, and almost all the businesses along Jean Talon Street between L'Acadie Boulevard and Park Avenue were owned by Greek Canadians. In 1977 there were over 100 Greek businesses, whereas today there are only a dozen left. Four Greek churches remain, catering to

2565-511: The north and south shores of the river, overlapping with Nitassinan and the more western Wabanaki or Dawnland countries. Adjacent on the north shore is the Atikamekw territorial homeland of Nitaskinan and, upstream, the further reaches of Anishinaabewaki, specifically the homelands of the Algonquin and Mississauga Nations. The Norse explored the Gulf of St. Lawrence in the 11th century and were followed by fifteenth- and early sixteenth-century European mariners, such as John Cabot , and

2622-446: The portion served by the Metropolitan Autoroute) was renamed Autoroute Félix-Leclerc after the late Quebec artist and political activist Félix Leclerc . Prior to 1997, Autoroute 40 east of Montreal had four different names, the first section was named Autoroute de la Rive-Nord (North Shore Autoroute) between Montréal and Saint-Augustin-de-Desmaures (km 87 to 196, 209 to 296). A segment in Trois-Rivières east of Autoroute 55 that

2679-449: The predominantly older Greek residents who still live in the area. Other younger Greeks have since moved to suburbs such as the Chomedey neighbourhood of Laval and the West Island . Since the 1990s, most of the immigrant population coming to Parc-Ex are of South Asian origin from India , Bangladesh and Sri Lanka , as well as Latin American and Haitian immigrants, and a dwindling population of Greeks and Italians. Park Extension

2736-446: The river and estuary include the 1,864 river islands of the Thousand Islands , the endangered whales of Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park , and the limestone monoliths of the Mingan Archipelago . Long a transportation route to Indigenous peoples , the St. Lawrence River has played a key role in the history of Canada and in the development of cities such as Montreal and Quebec City . The river remains an important shipping route as

2793-418: The river borders Mi'kma'ki in the South (what is today known as the Canadian Maritimes ), and Nitassinan in the North, the national territory of the Innu people . On the south shore beyond the Mi'kmaw district of Gespe'gewa'ki , the river passes Wolastokuk (the Maliseet homeland), Pαnawαhpskewahki (the Penobscot homeland), and Ndakinna (the Abenaki homeland). Continuing, the river passes through

2850-437: The south, respectively. The surrounding neighbourhoods are Villeray and Little Italy to the east, Mile End and Outremont to the south, the Town of Mont-Royal to the west and Ahuntsic-Cartierville to the north. Virtually the entire neighbourhood is residential, with a small amount of commercial and light manufacturing concentrated in the south. Over 35,000 people live in only 1.6 square kilometres (400 acres), more than

2907-421: The stated purpose of the fence is to prevent children from running into the busy thoroughfare, some have contended that it was built to keep residents of the working-class Park Extension neighbourhood out of TMR. The north–south streets of Parc Extension have the same names as those in line with them in Outremont, south of the railway tracks, from Hutchison Street in the east to Birnam in the west. McEachran Street

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2964-405: The water system frequently changes its name. From source to mouth, the names are: The St. Lawrence River also passes through Lake Saint-Louis and Lake Saint-Pierre in Quebec. The St. Lawrence River and the largest tributaries of the Great Lakes . The St. Lawrence River tributaries are listed upstream from the mouth. The major tributaries of the inter-lake sections are also shown, as well as

3021-410: Was a mid-20th century suburb . It was a rural area prior to the 1950s. Starting in the early 1950s there was rapid housing development in the northern reaches of Park Extension. A significant Jewish population migrated there, mostly from Le Plateau-Mont-Royal , and established a thriving community. Several hundred families built and maintained a synagogue , Congregation Beth Aaron . By the mid-1970s,

3078-466: Was built and operated by John Molson and associates, a scant two years after Fulton's steam-powered navigation of the Hudson River . The Accommodation with ten passengers made her maiden voyage from Montreal to Quebec City in 66 hours, for 30 of which she was at anchor. She had a keel of 75 feet, and a length overall of 85 feet. The cost of a ticket was eight dollars upstream, and nine dollars down. She had berths that year for twenty passengers. Within

3135-410: Was continuously shrinking during that time, a process that continues today. The head of the St. Lawrence River, near Lake Ontario, is home to the Thousand Islands . Today, the St. Lawrence River begins at the outflow of Lake Ontario and flows adjacent to Gananoque , Brockville , Morristown , Ogdensburg , Massena , Cornwall , Montreal , Trois-Rivières , and Quebec City before draining into

3192-407: Was originally applied to the eponymous bay by Jacques Cartier upon his arrival into the region on the 10th of August feast day for Saint Lawrence in 1535. Indigenous people use the following names: In winter, the St. Lawrence River begins producing ice in December, with the formation of ice cubes between Montreal and Quebec City . The prevailing winds and currents push this ice towards

3249-480: Was renamed L'Acadie Boulevard when the street was widened in the late 1950s. The area covered by the residences in the Town of Mount Royal from L'Acadie in the east to Rockland in the west and between Lockhart in the south to Cremazie in the north was once a 9-hole golf course. The golf course was sub-divided during the 1950s and the fence was erected after all the houses covered the golf course land. This fence originally had several gates built into it, which then became

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