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34-605: The name Penetanguishene is believed to come from either the Wyandot or Abenaki via Ojibwe , meaning "land of the white rolling sands". As early as AD 800, the Wyandot people settled in semi-permanent villages in the area. The young French translator , Étienne Brûlé , was the first European to set foot in the Penetanguishene area, some time between 1610 and 1614. He was murdered in 1633 in Toanche, just across

68-410: A change of 12.4% from its 2016 population of 8,962 . With a land area of 25.42 km (9.81 sq mi), it had a population density of 396.4/km (1,026.7/sq mi) in 2021. The town is home to a francophone community radio station, CFRH-FM (Vague FM), but is otherwise served by media based in the neighbouring town of Midland . Separated municipalities but remain a census subdivision of

102-501: A complex system of diacritics, resulting in 64 different vowel characters. By eliminating allophones, Kopris found six phonemes, in addition to the marginal phoneme / ã / . Other analysis of the same Barbeau data suggests that vowel length is contrastive in Wyandot, like in other Iroquoian languages. A Wyandot syllable consists of a vowel as the nucleus, a coda, and an optional onset. Onset clusters of two consonants are possible, with

136-730: A cultural revival. Since 2005, Richard Zane Smith of the Wyandot Nation of Kansas (an unrecognized non-profit organization that identifies as a Native American tribe) has been volunteering and teaching in the Wyandotte schools with the aid of the linguist Kopris. Linguistic work is also being done on the closely related Wendat. The anthropologist known as John Steckley was reported in 2007 as being "the sole speaker" (non-native) of Wendat. Several Wendat scholars have master's degrees in Wendat language and have been active as linguists in

170-479: A dialect or modern form of Wendat. Wyandot essentially died out as a spoken language with the death of the last native speaker in 1972, though there are now attempts at revitalization: Although linguistics have equated with or seen as a dialect of the Iroquoian Wendat (Huron) , Wyandot became so differentiated as to be considered a distinct language. This change appears to have happened sometime between

204-600: A few exceptions. The fricatives /ʃ/ and /ʒ/ are indicated with a hachek , as ⟨š⟩ and ⟨ž⟩ , and nasal vowels are indicated by a nasal hook (e.g., ⟨ę⟩ , ⟨ǫ⟩ ). A colon ⟨:⟩ indicates a long vowel (e.g., ⟨ę:⟩ ). As in the IPA, a raised ⟨ⁿ⟩ indicates prenasalization of stops (e.g., ⟨ⁿd⟩ , ⟨ⁿg⟩ ). Some allophones of consonants are explicitly indicated (e.g. ⟨m⟩ , ⟨g⟩ ). Wendat use

238-690: A similar orthography, with some differences. Although based on the 17th-century orthography of the Jesuit missionaries , the current orthography no longer uses the Greek letters θ for [tʰ] , χ for [kʰ] , ͺ for [ç] , or ȣ (or 8) for [u] and [w] . Pre-nasalization of stops is indicated by ⟨n⟩ (e.g., ⟨nd⟩ ). Nasal vowels are indicated as in French by ⟨n⟩ (e.g., ⟨en⟩ , ⟨on⟩ ). To disambiguate nasal vowels from oral vowels followed by /n/,

272-482: A single triconsonantal cluster ( /skw/ ) occurring only in the first syllable of a word. Codas may consist of up to two consonants. This gives a maximal Wyandot syllable structure of CCCVCC, where C represent a consonant, and V represents a vowel. Wyandot is written in the Latin script , with the additional character ⟨ʔ⟩ representing a glottal stop. The majority of characters represent their IPA values, with

306-624: A single voiced stop , / d / , contrasting with the voiceless stop / t / , makes Wyandot unusual among Iroquoian languages, as it is the only one with a phonemic voicing distinction. The / r / sound is pronounced as [ ɹ ] rather than [ r ] , according to researchers who phonetically transcribed directly from fluent speakers and described it as "corresponding to the English r " and as "the smooth English sound, never vibrant." The Wyandot / d / and / n / are both cognate with / n / in other Northern Iroquoian languages. Although

340-636: A site to make its beverages due to its high water quality, due to the chlorination the water lacked its previous quality. On Main St the houses coming in to the town on the left were torn down in the 1990s and a new strip mall was added to replace them. Penetang hosts a Bingo hall and a local summer theatre (Kings Warf Theatre). Penetanguishene historically had several light industrial businesses mainly dealing with plastic and aluminum containers. CCL which makes aluminum containers closed its Penetang factory in June 2017. It

374-539: Is St. James on-the-Lines , a small wooden Anglican church built in 1836 to serve the military garrison and civilian population. The most prominent is the large limestone Roman Catholic church named St. Anne's. Originally named "Ste-Anne's Jesuit Memorial Church: Canadian National Shrine", it is sometimes referred to today as the "Cathedral of the North". The Church was constructed between 1886 and 1902 by pastor Théophile François Laboureau. Laboureau secured major funding for

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408-569: Is host to the Central North Correctional Centre . In addition there is the Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care which includes a high security forensic psychiatric unit for people declared to be not criminally responsible for dangerous offences but considered unsafe to be allowed in the community. Tourism occupies a considerable portion of the economy with five marinas and shops and restaurants catering to

442-474: Is more influenced by Petun than by its descent from Wendat. The work of Barbeau was used by linguist Craig Kopris to reconstruct Wyandot; he developed a grammar and dictionary of the language. This work represents the most comprehensive research done on the Wyandot language as spoken in Oklahoma just prior to its extinction (or its dormancy as modern tribal members refer to it). The phonemic inventory of

476-427: The 1812 period, HMS Bee and HMS Tecumseth (c. 1994). The ships no longer sail with passengers but they may be visited in the harbour. The original HMS Tecumseth was raised in 1953 and preserved at a nearby display area. The King's Wharf Theatre located at Discovery Harbour has a programme of popular plays and musicals every summer. There are two notable and historic churches located in Penetanguishene. The oldest

510-723: The French Catholic School Board Conseil scolaire de district catholique Centre-Sud , which operates École élémentaire catholique Saint-Louis; the Public French School Board, the Conseil scolaire Viamonde and the English Catholic School Board. The town is also home to the province's last remaining Protestant Separate school board, Penetanguishene Protestant Separate School Board . From 1995 to 2001,

544-549: The U.S. limited both countries' naval power on the Great Lakes , two British armed topsail schooners, HMS Tecumseth and HMS Newash were laid up "in ordinary", and eventually reported to have sunk at their moorings in the harbour in 1828. Some other small craft were headquartered in Penetanguishene for the exploration and mapping of the Great Lakes' coastline overseen by Lieutenant Henry Wolsey Bayfield . In 1828,

578-522: The Wendat community in Quebec. In Wendake, Quebec , the First Nations people are working on a revival of Wendat language and culture. The language is being introduced in adult classes and into the village primary school. The Wendat linguist Megan Lukaniec has been instrumental in helping to create curriculum, infrastructure, and materials for Wendat language programs. The Wyandot language is used in

612-655: The bay from the modern town of Penetanguishene. In 1793, John Graves Simcoe , the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada , visited the area and saw the location's potential as a Royal Navy naval base. He wanted to use the bay to shelter warships to protect Upper Canada , which had coasts on lakes Huron, Erie and Michigan opposite the Northwest Territory and New York State of the United States of America , from American military aggression and territorial expansion. The Penetanguishene Naval Yard

646-585: The church from the Bishops of Rouen and Normandy in France as well as the governments of England, France and the United States. As it serves a bilingual Catholic community, services are held in both French and English. Penetanguishene has five different school boards within its limits — the publicly funded English board ( Simcoe County District School Board ), which runs James Keating Elementary School;

680-503: The consonants is written by using the orthography used by Kopris in his analysis, which was based on Barbeau's transcriptions. The orthographic symbol is written in angled brackets where it differs from the IPA. Kopris listed places of articulation for the consonants but noted that the distinction had not been made by Barbeau. [ m ] is placed in parentheses because it appears as an allophone of / w / in nearly all cases, but that cannot always explain its presence. The presence of

714-805: The county Wyandot language Wyandot (also Wyandotte , Wendat , Quendat or Huron ) is the Iroquoian language traditionally spoken by the people known as Wyandot or Wyandotte, descended from the Tionontati. It is considered a sister to the Wendat language , spoken by descendants of the Huron-Wendat Confederacy. It was last spoken, before its revival, by members located primarily in Oklahoma , United States, and Quebec , Canada. Linguists have traditionally considered Wyandot as

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748-539: The latter have diaeresis over the vowel (e.g., ⟨ën⟩ , ⟨ön⟩ ). Glottal stops are written with an apostrophe. The fricative /ʃ/ is written as ⟨ch⟩ . Consonantal allophones are not explicitly indicated. Citizens of the Wyandotte Nation , whose headquarters is in Wyandotte, Oklahoma , are promoting the study of Wyandot as a second language among its people as part of

782-634: The local market and meeting place for these individuals. Many of Penetanguishene's families today are descended from the Québécois settlers who arrived in the 1800s, giving the town a marked bilingual nature. Penetanguishene began to slow down its growth near the 1980s after the railway and the local Coca-Cola plant were both shut down; the railway due to widespread use of cars and the Coca-Cola plant due to modern water filtration which requires chlorine. Coca-Cola had originally used Penetanguishene as

816-568: The main British military establishment on the Upper Lakes moved from Drummond Island to Penetanguishene. Families of fur traders who had moved with the British from Michilimackinac to Drummond Island after the War of 1812 , moved again to Penetanguishene. They settled in the town and the surrounding area. Although the naval base was closed in 1834, the military base remained until 1856. Some of

850-634: The mid-18th century, when the Jesuit missionary Pierre Potier (1708–1781) documented the Petun dialect of Wendat in Canada, and the mid-nineteenth century. By the time the ethnographer Marius Barbeau made his transcriptions of the Wyandot language in Wyandotte, Oklahoma , in 1911–1912, it had diverged enough to be considered a separate language. Significant differences between Wendat and Wyandot in diachronic phonology, pronominal prefixes, and lexicon challenge

884-457: The presence of the voiced fricative / ʒ / , creating an / ʃ / - / ʒ / contrast, but there is no corresponding / s / - / z / contrast. The phoneme / k / also has no voiced counterpart. Consonants may appear in clusters . Word-initial consonant clusters can be up to three consonants long, medial clusters up to four consonants long, and final clusters up to two consonants long. Barbeau's original transcriptions contained great detail and

918-467: The television series Barkskins . Central North Correctional Centre The Central North Correctional Centre formerly known as "The Superjail" is a maximum security prison located in Penetanguishene , Ontario , Canada. During its period of private management from 2001 to 2006, it was the only privately-run adult correctional facility in Canada. The Central North Correctional Centre

952-413: The tourist trade. In the winter, snowmobiling and ice fishing is popular as well as the annual Winterama festival, (Ontario’s longest running winter carnival which started in 1948). The historic naval and military base (now called Discovery Harbour) near Penetanguishene is open to visitors. There are reconstructed buildings from the historic Penetanguishene Naval Yard and two replica sailing ships from

986-720: The town was home to a satellite campus of the defunct francophone Collège des Grands-Lacs . Penetanguishene is home to the Penetang Kings of the Provincial Junior Hockey League . They are in the Carruthers division in the Ontario Hockey Association . In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , Penetanguishene had a population of 10,077 living in 3,976 of its 4,357 total private dwellings,

1020-455: The traditional view that Wyandot is modern Wendat. History suggests the roots of this language are complex; the ancestors of the Wyandot were refugees from various Huronian tribes who banded together to form one tribe. After being displaced from their ancestral home in Canada on Georgian Bay, the group traveled south, first to Ohio and later to Kansas and Oklahoma. As many members of this group were Petun , some scholars have suggested that Wyandot

1054-543: The troops settled in the area after their service was complete providing an English-speaking population. In the 1840s, French-speaking families from Canada East (mainly from the area immediately east of Montreal), attracted by promises of cheap and fertile land, joined the French-speaking Drummond Island settlers already in the area. Later, as the logging industry began to develop, more English-speaking settlers arrived. Penetanguishene became

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1088-399: The two largely appear to be in free variation , they clearly contrast in some cases (as in the minimal pairs da ' that, the, who ' and na ' now, then ' . The ambiguity of the relationship between / d / and / n / seems to indicate that the two are in the process of a phonemic split that was not yet complete by the early 20th century. Another unique feature of Wyandot is

1122-738: Was built by the Royal Navy in 1813. In 1814, the Penetanguishene Road was constructed to provide the Yard a land route to British military supply depots on Kempenfelt Bay , Lake Simcoe (where Barrie, Ontario is today) as the Yard was previously accessible only by water. In 1817, naval units from Michilimackinac and Schooner Town (near modern-day Wasaga Beach ) were consolidated at the Penetanguishene Naval Yard . But, because Treaty of Ghent limitations with

1156-569: Was commissioned in November 2001 to replace the outdated Barrie Jail , Parry Sound Jail, and Guelph Correctional Centre. It opened as the first privately-operated correctional facility in Canada. Management and Training Corporation Canada (MTCC), a subsidiary of the Centerville, Utah -based private prison firm Management and Training Corporation , was contracted by the provincial Ministry of Community Safety and Correctional Services to operate

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