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53-704: The Philippine Economic Zone Authority ( PEZA ), formerly known as the Foreign Trade Zone Authority ( FTZA ) and Export Processing Zone Authority ( EPZA ), is a Philippine government agency attached to the Department of Trade and Industry . It was created to help promote investments in the export-oriented manufacturing industry into the country by assisting investors in registering and facilitating their business operations and providing tax incentives. PEZA also assists investors who locate in service facilities inside special economic zones in

106-471: A Camella Homes subdivision can be seen at this portion. The road continues on a straight direction, intersects with Tuyo Vicinal Road, and passing through Penelco main headquarters. A four-lane road named Enrique Garcia Sr. Avenue (named after the Bataan former governor ) is located near Penelco headquarters. Pass the four-lane road is Tenejero Bridge. The National Food Authority (NFA) Bataan can be seen after

159-459: A civil service entrance examination to assess qualifications and work integrity for employment in the sector. The Commission on Elections enforces and administers all laws and regulations related to conducting elections, plebiscites , initiatives , referendums, and recalls . It decides on all decisions surrounding election protests and contests and has the right to deputize and take control of law enforcement and state security forces to ensure

212-494: A certain number of years, which translates to 100% exemption from corporate income tax; tax and duty-free importation of raw materials, capital equipment, machineries and spare parts; exemption from wharfage dues and export tax, impost or fees; VAT zero-rating of local purchases subject to compliance with BIR and PEZA requirements; exemption from payment of any and all local government imposts, fees, licenses or taxes; and exemption from expanded withholding tax. Non-fiscal incentives, on

265-549: A major utility corridor, carrying various high voltage overhead power lines through densely populated areas where land and right of way acquisition for a normal power line is impractical. Notable power line using the highway's right of way for most or part of their route is the Hermosa–Calaguiman line from Layac Junction in Dinalupihan to Samal. Various power lines also intersect with the highway on some portions, such as

318-439: A new one. Recently, some of its portions were widened to accommodate more motorists using the highway. Recently, some sections of the highway have guard rails to divide the northbound and southbound and lights for better visibility at night. The road passes into nine towns ( Dinalupihan , Hermosa , Orani , Samal , Abucay , Pilar , Orion , Limay , and Mariveles ) and one city ( Balanga ) in Bataan . The highway also serves

371-439: A straight direction and turns eastward, passing to Mamala and T. Kaliwa Bridges, with Petron Limay station between them. It then passes to Limay Overpass and the entrances of Emerald Coast Executive Village are found on both sides of the highway a few meters after the said overpass. The road turns westward and eastward, then it will pass on a terminus of Bataan National Road where the highway and old existing road again combine. After

424-407: A straight direction. Between Ray Hill Bridge is Mabatang Vicinial Road which is a road leading to Barangay Mabatang proper. A subdivision named St. Leonard Homes can be seen after the said bridge. The Mabatang Bridge is located after the subdivision. It continues northbound, passing through Calaylayan Bridge, and turns eastward. It then passes through Calaylayan Bridge. A few distance from the bridge

477-488: A welcome sign along Roman Superhighway which made the red part of the BEPZ/BEZ/PEZA logo became all blue on late August 2010 as one of the projects of AFAB made during its first few months of operation and management over the zone and then the said logo was next to be removed by placing a cement on a part of the building where the logo is in 2012. Despite the full turnover of the zone from PEZA to AFAB resulting to

530-889: Is bicameral , consisting of the Senate of the Philippines and the House of Representatives . The two chambers have roughly equal powers, and every bill or resolution that has to go through both houses needs the consent of both chambers before being passed for the President's signature. The Senate is located in Pasay , while the House of Representatives is located in Quezon City , both of which are in Metro Manila . The Senate of

583-527: Is Orani Bridge 1. It enters Samal through the Orani Bridge 2. The highway continues on a straight direction and crosses the Samal River through Samal Bridge. A few meters away after the bridge is an entrance to Bataan 2020 and Charoen Pokphand Foods Philippines Corporation. It turns westward after passing Bataan 2020, continues to Barangay Gugo, enters Abucay through Calaguiman Bridge, and continues on

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636-561: Is a 68-kilometer (42 mi), two- to four-lane major highway that connects the municipality of Dinalupihan to the municipality of Mariveles in Bataan , Philippines . The entire road forms part of National Route 301 ( N301 ) of the Philippine highway network . Roman Superhighway is named after Pablo Roman Sr., a former representative of Bataan who is the acknowledged father of the export processing zone in Mariveles known as

689-640: Is led by the President of the Senate . The current senate president is Francis Escudero . The House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower house of the Congress. The House consists of district and sectoral representatives elected for a term of three years and may be re-elected for three consecutive terms. Each bill has to be approved by the House, after which it is sent to the Senate. Furthermore, all franchise and money bills must originate from

742-515: Is the Petron gasoline station. It follows a straight route and before entering Balanga, the Gerry's Grill restaurant can be found. The highway enters Balanga upon passing Toyota Bataan and then passes Tuyo Bridge and upon passing the former location of Balanga welcome sign which was removed due to the highway's widening after the said bridge. After passing the former location of Balanga welcome marker,

795-770: The Mariveles–Balsik 500,000 volt, Bataan Combined Cycle Power Plant (BCCPP)–Hermosa, Hermosa–Limay, GNPower–Lamao, and Lamao–Limay 230,000 volt transmission lines. The highway starts at Layac, Dinalupihan at a t-junction with the Jose Abad Santos Avenue (Olongapo-Gapan Road). A short section of the highway from Layac Junction to Layac Bridge was formerly a two lane-road, with the said bridge had two lanes before widening into four lanes after passing Layac Bridge until 2015. The road turns westward and pass on Palihan Bridges 1 and 2 and between them are rice fields, with this section formerly had lower elevation before

848-619: The Zuellig Building . In Fort Bonifacio or Bonifacio Global City , there are 17 operating economic zones, including Bonifacio Technology Center, Sun Life Centre, Picadilly Star, World Plaza and EcoTower . In Quezon City, there are 18 operating economic zones including the ABS-CBN 's ELJ Communications Center in Diliman. In Pampanga, there is one economic zone, Alviera Industrial Park. Philippine government The powers of

901-666: The Bataan Export Processing Zone (BEPZ; now known as Freeport Area of Bataan (FAB) since October 23, 2009, with the name was concurrently used with the BEPZ/Bataan Economic Zone (BEZ) names as the zone's secondary name when Authority of the Freeport Area of Bataan (AFAB) partially operated and managed the zone along with PEZA as the latter still had remaining programs and plans over the zone for eight months from October 2009 until

954-598: The House. The House of Representatives also has the power to impeach certain officials. The House of Representatives is headed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives . The current speaker is Martin Romualdez . Judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court of the Philippines and lower courts established by law. The Supreme Court, which has a chief justice as its head and 14 associate justices , occupies

1007-626: The Philippines as the highest judicial body. The Executive Branch of government comprise the Cabinet and all executive departments , led by the president . The president and vice president are directly elected separately by national popular vote for a term of six years. While the vice president may be re-elected unlimited number of times (but not consecutively ), the president is barred from seeking re-election. The incumbent president and vice president are Bongbong Marcos and Sara Duterte , respectively, who were elected in 2022 . The president of

1060-673: The Philippines establishes three independent constitutional commissions: the Civil Service Commission , the Commission on Elections , and the Commission on Audit . The Civil Service Commission is the central personnel agency of the Philippine government. It is responsible for strengthening employment and a conducive work environment in the civil service sector and overseeing the Civil Service Exam,

1113-446: The Philippines is the country's chief executive, serving as the head of state and head of government . The president heads all executive departments . The heads of the departments, which make up the cabinet , are appointed by the president subject to the approval of the Commission on Appointments . The president also supervises all local government units. The president may also give executive issuances , grant pardons , and exercise

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1166-444: The Philippines is the upper house of Congress. Senators are elected for a term of six years; they can be re-elected but may not run for a third consecutive term. Once a bill is approved by the House of Representatives, it is passed onto the Senate. A bill must first be approved by the Senate in order to be passed for the president's signature to become a law. Only the Senate can concur with treaties and try impeachment cases. The Senate

1219-782: The Special Economic Zone Act, the PEZA Board is chaired by the Secretary of the Department of Trade and Industry. Vice-Chair is the Director General (Chief Executive Officer) of PEZA. Members of the Board are Undersecretaries representing nine (9) key government Departments, to ensure efficient coordination between PEZA and their respective Departments on matters pertaining to investors' operations inside

1272-482: The Special Economic Zones. PEZA inherited the three public ecozones under EPZA. PEZA acquired Pampanga Economic Zone in 2003. The Bataan Economic Zone (BEZ) converted into FAB on October 23, 2009 was separated from PEZA when it fully turned over the zone's operations and management to another government agency Authority of the Freeport Area of Bataan (AFAB) on June 29, 2010 at 1:25 pm one day before

1325-827: The abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ on June 30, 2010 as a result of the full turnover of the zone's operations and management from PEZA to AFAB the day before on June 29). Construction of the Roman Superhighway began on April 7, 1973 during the Martial Law period and completed on July 16, 1977. The project was implemented by President Ferdinand Marcos . It was originally intended to be an expressway to serve BEPZ in Mariveles , Bataan , but it later became an at-grade highway when local residents built houses and businesses along it. The fully concrete road has an effective width of 30 meters (98 ft), although some portions measured up to 60 meters (200 ft) maximum. Phase 1 of

1378-559: The barangay), Lucanin, Cabcaben (where the highway parallels with Old National Road), Mt. View (where the Old National Road ends and Blessed Regina Protmann Catholic School (BRPCS) is located), and Alasasin. It continues to Baseco Country through Freeport Area of Bataan (FAB) checkpoint where the Mariveles substation of National Grid Corporation of the Philippines (NGCP) and Mariveles Coal-Fired Power Plant are visible from

1431-677: The bridge. It then passes through barangays Munting Batangas where the road turns westward, Camacho, Tenejero after the Tenejero 2 Bridge, Bagong Silang, Cataning, Cupang Proper, and Central. Various schools and malls can be found along the Balanga portion of the highway such as the Bataan National High School, Bataan Heroes College, Vista Mall Bataan, and Waltermart Balanga. After Barangay Central, it enters Pilar through Talisay Bridge. It passes mostly on rice paddies within

1484-472: The construction of a higher road from 2009 to 2010. The level of the highway will become lower after passing these two bridges. An entrance of Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) can be seen on this area. The road continues straightforward, passing through Hermosa Ecozone Industrial Park, and turns eastward upon paralleling with the Bataan National Road, diverting the highway's alignment from

1537-523: The country (areas are called PEZA Special Economic Zones) which are usually business process outsourcing and knowledge process outsourcing firms. Other activities also eligible for PEZA registration and incentives include establishment and operation within special economic zones for tourism, medical tourism, logistics and warehousing services, economic zone development and operation and facilities providers. On June 21, 1969, Congressman Pablo Roman, Sr. authored Republic Act 5490 designating Mariveles, Bataan as

1590-722: The creation of two autonomous regions, one in the Cordilleras of Luzon and another in Muslim Mindanao ; at present, only the latter exists, with the former remaining an administrative division. The Bangsamoro is an autonomous region located in Mindanao. Established in 2019, the region replaced the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . The region has a regional parliamentary system separate from

1643-451: The end of administration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo and her successor Benigno Aquino III became President of the Philippines which completed all of PEZA's remaining programs and plans on the zone resulting to the abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ the following day on June 30. This change was reflected when AFAB removed the PEZA and BEZ name and logo on the zone's administration building and

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1696-571: The first free trade zone in the Philippines. It also created the Foreign Trade Zone Authority (FTZA). In early 1972, three congressmen — Roman, Roces, and Sarmiento - sponsored the bill to convert the free trade zone authority into government corporation. This would grant the power of a corporation combined with the coercive strength of the Philippine Government to move the project ahead, especially regarding

1749-508: The free and orderly conduct of elections. The Commission on Audit is responsible for examining, auditing , and settling all revenues and expenditures of public funds and properties used by the government or its attached agencies. The three branches of the Philippine government are independently monitored by the Office of the Ombudsman ( Filipino : Tanodbayan ). The ombudsman is given

1802-525: The highest tier of the judiciary. The justices serve until the age of 70. The justices are appointed by the president on the recommendation of the Judicial and Bar Council of the Philippines. The sitting chief justice is Alexander Gesmundo , the 27th to serve in that position. Other types of courts, of varying jurisdiction around the archipelago, are the following: Article 9 of the Constitution of

1855-442: The highest to the lowest division: Regions are the highest administrative division in the Philippines, primarily used to coordinate planning and organize national services. Administrative regions are not local government units themselves but instead consist of several local government units. Meanwhile, autonomous regions are regions that have control over their governance, culture, and economy. The 1987 Constitution only allows for

1908-417: The highway's Jose Abad Santos Avenue , Layac, Dinalupihan to Culis, Hermosa , Daan Pare to Puting Buhangin, Orion , and Alangan, Limay to Mariveles segments. Throughout its existence, rehabilitation works were made on the highway such as applying asphalt overlay either on an existing concrete pavement or both the concrete pavement and the asphalt used on its shoulders and replacing an old pavement with

1961-478: The mandate to investigate and prosecute any government official allegedly guilty of crimes, especially graft and corruption . The ombudsman is assisted by six deputies: the overall deputy, the deputy for Luzon, the deputy for Visayas, the deputy for Mindanao, the deputy for the armed forces, and the special prosecutor. The Philippines has four main classes of elected administrative divisions , often lumped together as local government units (LGUs). They are, from

2014-749: The most progressive communities in Luzon during its first decade of operation. The area attracted over one hundred multinational locators. In 1979, President Ferdinand E. Marcos Sr. signed Proclamation Nos. 1811 and 1825 which established the Mactan Export Processing Zone (MEPZ) in Mactan, Cebu and the Baguio City Export Processing Zone (BCEPZ) in Baguio City. The Cavite Export Processing Zone (CEPZ)

2067-727: The municipality but on Barangay Alauli, there is an intersection of the highway, the Alauli Flyover, and Governor J.J. Linao Road. Various establishments can be found near the intersection, such as the Total gas station. It turns westward and enters Orion through Campot Bridge. It continues northbound and passes through various barangay within Orion. Between Daan Pare and Puting Buhangin exits, the highway and Bataan National Road combine temporarily. The highway enters Limay and will pass on some subdivisions such as Trivea Residences. It continues on

2120-630: The national presidential system. Its executive branch is led by the regional chief minister , the Council of Leaders , and the Bangsamoro Cabinet . Its legislative branch is the unicameral Bangsamoro Parliament . The region also has its own judiciary system that applies Sharia . Roman Superhighway The Roman Superhighway or Bataan Provincial Highway , formerly known as the Bataan Provincial Expressway ,

2173-741: The old existing road. The highway then passes through residential areas of Hermosa, Bataan before it turns westward and continues on a straight direction. It then passes Mambog Bridge and after passing the said bridge is Beverly Heights V and it will turn eastward and continues on a straight route until it reaches Dona Bridge, where the highway enters Orani . It will cross to San Pedro Street, pass through Dona Elementary School, and continues northbound until it intersects Governor Pascual Avenue, with left going to Orani town proper and right going to Sinagtala and Mount Santa Rosa through Binutas Trail. An office of Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) - Bataan 1st District can be found on this portion. After it

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2226-848: The other hand, include simplified import-export procedures, extended visa facilitation assistance to foreign nationals and spouses and dependents; special visa multiple entry privileges; and more. As of February 2019, PEZA has over 396 fully operating economic zones that are spread across the country. Aside from central business districts in Bonifacio Global City , Makati , Ortigas and Quezon City , there are also economic zones in other next-wave cities such as Batangas , Cebu , Baguio , Subic , Iloilo , Dumaguete , Pampanga and more. Currently, PEZA-accredited buildings and office spaces are mostly in Makati with over 35 operating economic zones including Glorietta 1 and 2 BPO, PBCom Tower , and

2279-405: The power of eminent domain . Aside from having the power to veto any bill, the president also sets the legislative agenda for Congress. The vice president of the Philippines , the deputy chief executive, is the first in line for succession if the president resigns, is removed after impeachment, is permanently incapacitated, or dies. The vice president is usually, though not always, a member of

2332-541: The president's cabinet and may be appointed without the approval of the Commission of Appointments. If there is a vacancy in the position of vice president, the president will appoint any member of Congress (usually a party member) as the new vice president. The appointment must then be validated by a three-fourths vote of the Congress. The legislative power is vested in the Congress of the Philippines . The Congress

2385-539: The relocation of residents. The bill stalled in Congress due to the opposition of many members to the vested interests involved. On November 20, 1972, the Bataan Export Processing Zone (BEPZ) (later Freeport Area of Bataan (FAB) since October 23, 2009, with the name was concurrently used with the BEPZ/Bataan Economic Zone (BEZ) names as the zone's secondary name when Authority of the Freeport Area of Bataan (AFAB) partially operated and managed

2438-517: The said highway. The BEZ sticker is still effective until FAB started to issue its own sticker in 2011 which succeeded the former. FAB initially had 39 enterprises and 12,777 workers by the time of turnover of the zone's full operations and management from PEZA to AFAB which inherited from its predecessor BEZ. PEZA offers both fiscal and non-fiscal incentives as well as ready-to-occupy business locations in world-class economic zones and IT parks or buildings. Fiscal incentives include: income tax holiday for

2491-401: The subsequent abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ on June 30, 2010 after eight months of AFAB's partial operation and management from October 23, 2009 to June 29, 2010, there are still traces and references of BEPZ/BEZ and PEZA still left that were not yet removed, such as on some signages found on Mariveles Zigzag Road and on a newer welcome sign located after the zone's another sign with a guard house along

2544-498: The terminus of Bataan National Road is Alangan Bridge. It turns eastward and westward, continuing on a straight route, then passes with Petron Bataan Refinery, SMC Consolidated Power Plant, Ayam Bridge, Orica Philippines, Inc., and Lamao Bridge. The highway then enters Mariveles after passing the Lamao Bridge. It passes through barangays Batangas II (a Philippine National Oil Company (PNOC) plant and PPDC Park can be seen within

2597-418: The three branches are vested by the Constitution of the Philippines in the following: Legislative power is vested in the two-chamber Congress of the Philippines —the Senate is the upper chamber and the House of Representatives is the lower chamber. Executive power is exercised by the government under the leadership of the president. Judicial power is vested in the courts, with the Supreme Court of

2650-472: The total project covered from Dinalupihan to Alauli Junction in Pilar and it measured 24 kilometers (15 mi) long and complemented with 14 steel-concrete bridges. Phase 2 is measured 44 kilometers (27 mi) and has 12 bridges. Construction Development Corporation of the Philippines (CDCP) and Monark International worked on the project. CDCP accomplished its task in three years and three months. Phase 2

2703-406: The zone along with PEZA as the latter still had remaining programs and plans over the zone for eight months from October 2009 until the abolishment of BEPZ/BEZ on June 30, 2010 as a result of the full turnover of the zone's operations and management from PEZA to AFAB the day before on June 29) became the first official economic zone in the Philippines through Presidential Decree 66. The BEPZ was one of

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2756-488: Was completed by Monark in two years and 11 months. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) designed and supervised the construction of the ₱ 164 million road project. Phase 1 costs ₱86 million , while ₱78 million was spent for Phase 2. The total amount includes the payment for the right-of-way of former agricultural lands. Some of the farmlots were even donated by the owners. The project also involved alignments that would combine with old existing roads which are

2809-491: Was then later created on May 30, 1980 through Proclamation No. 1980 followed by the Pampanga Export Processing Zone (PEPZ) on June 05, 1981 through Proclamation No. 2089, s. 1981. On February 21, 1995, EPZA became PEZA due to the enactment of Republic Act 7916 which was passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate and approved by former Philippine President Fidel V. Ramos . As provided in

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