Misplaced Pages

#129870

60-682: Picpus (derived from French pique-puce = flea-bite) may refer to: Picpus, Paris, a quarter and administrative area centered on the Rue de Picpus in the 12th arrondissement of Paris , France Picpus (Paris Métro) , a station on line 6 of the Paris Metro Picpus Cemetery , a cemetery in Paris Picpus Fathers , an order of the Catholic Church, officially

120-568: A collection of sacred relics which he purchased from the Emperor of Constantinople. It was begun in November 1379, but the King died in 1380 when construction was just underway. After the death of Charles V, work on the chapel continued under his successor Charles VI . During the latter's reign the choir, the two oratories, the sacristy and the treasury were all completed, with the treasury housing

180-598: A dispensation from taxes for artisans working in the territory of the Abbey. Moreover, in 1471, Louis XI authorised these artisans to work freely, without being subject to the control of the guilds . Over the years, the artisans of the Faubourg developed a solid international reputation that attracted skilled craftsmen from all over Europe. Since many of these artisans were Protestants, many were killed in August 1572 during

240-540: A maximum of light, so that worshippers could read their missals. The decoration consisted of crowns and royal insignia. The apse windows at the east end were more fortunate, and most of the original glass survived. The windows illustrate the Apocalypse as described in the Book of Revelation . These 16th-century windows were restored twice in the 19th century, and certain figures, such as the figure of Henry II kneeling at

300-512: A number of smaller and harder-to-reach works survived, particularly in the higher parts of the portals, and in the parts of the interior which supported the bases of ribs and arches. One notable survivor is the coat of arms and figures representing the Coronation of the Virgin , in the tympanum over the doorway to the sacristy. A later notable surviving work, from the 15th century, is found at

360-585: A plot of land for a secondary residence in a forested domain close to Paris, near a main road and the banks of the river Marne . He built a manor, which he named "Beauté" or "Beauty". It was a rectangular two-story structure surrounded by a wall. The manor was well underway when King decided to build a chapel alongside the residence. It was planned to be similar in form to the Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, constructed by Louis IX between 1242 and 1248, to contain

420-542: A string of workshops for skilled artisans, is also part of this development. It is located at the base of the western part of the Coulée verte René-Dumont . Like most neighbourhoods in Paris, the 12th arrondissement offers a rich array of historically important and aesthetically appealing sites. For the 12th, these sites emerged mainly from development during the 19th century and from the late 20th century urban renewal projects. They include: The land area of this arrondissement

480-567: A team to tear down the fortress. Recovered construction materials were subsequently sold, along with various mementos of the infamous building (keys, paper weights, etc.). The neighbourhood also played a prominent role in the Reign of Terror that followed. In the southern part of what is now the Place de la Nation, a guillotine was erected in June 1794. Of the 2,498 people guillotined in Paris during

540-522: Is 16.324 km (6.303 sq mi; 4,034 acres), two-thirds of which consists of the Bois de Vincennes park. Excluding the Bois de Vincennes, its land area is 6.377 km (2.462 sq mi; 1,576 acres). The peak of population of Paris's 12th arrondissement occurred in 1962 and was followed by three decades of decline. More recently, however, the population has begun to grow again, especially since

600-694: Is a Gothic royal chapel within the fortifications of the Château de Vincennes on the east edge of Paris , France . It was inspired by the Sainte-Chapelle , the royal chapel within the Palais de la Cité in Paris. It was begun in 1379 by Charles V of France to house relics of the Passion of Christ . It is no longer used as a church, and is now a French historical monument operated by the Centre des monuments nationaux . In 1373 King Charles V of France purchased

660-560: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages 12th arrondissement of Paris The 12th arrondissement comprises the Gare de Lyon and Bois de Vincennes . It borders the inner suburbs of Charenton-le-Pont and Saint-Mandé in Val-de-Marne . It is in the 12th arrondissement that some of the oldest traces of human occupation of the territory now occupied by Paris were found. During

SECTION 10

#1732771975130

720-665: Is now the bois de Vincennes. The long process of turning this residence into a fortified castle, the Château de Vincennes, began in about 1337, when Philippe VI de Valois decided to build a dungeon near the Manor House. Progressive upgrades by subsequent kings led to the construction of the fortifications, the Saint Chapelle de Vincennes and several residences within the fortified walls that were designed to cater to royal tastes and standards of living. The last king to use

780-464: Is on the 11th arrondissement side and Philippe Auguste on the 12th arrondissement side. The sculpture that dominates the central part of the Place, Jules Dalou 's Le Triomphe de la République , was originally a contender, but not the winner, of a competition for a sculpture to be erected on the Place de la République . However, in 1880, responding to popular demand, the municipal council decided to order

840-591: The Opéra de la Bastille , the second largest opera house in Paris. It was inaugurated by Francois Mitterrand in 1989, on the 200th anniversary of the storming of the Bastille . The Coulée verte René-Dumont (or Promenade plantée) was developed at the same time as the Opéra de la Bastille. It is a 4.7 km (2.9 mi) elevated linear park built on top of obsolete railway infrastructure . The Viaduc des Arts ,

900-548: The Order of Saint Michael , which had been created by Louis XI in 1468. Parts of the chapel were set off with a carved wooden enclosure and 48 stalls for the knights of the order, which was headed by the King. Henry invited Italian and French artists and craftsmen, particularly those who had been engaged in the redecoration of the Palace of Fontainebleau , to do the work, directed by the royal architect Philibert Delorme . The woodwork

960-552: The Saint Bartholomew's Day massacre . Starting in the 17th century, the Royal Mirror Manufacture was established in the Faubourg and further consolidated its reputation. This institution this would later become the multinational enterprise, Saint Gobain. The distinctive courtyards and narrow passageways that characterise the Faubourg served groups of craftsmen who lived and worked together in

1020-459: The bois de Vincennes as his hunting ground. The bois was then reserved for the exclusive use of the kings of France. Under Philippe Auguste it was enclosed by a 12 km wall. A hunting lodge was built by Louis VII around 1150, which was upgraded to a Manor House by Philippe Auguste , who made it a royal residence that was used over the 1150-1340 period. Legend has it that Louis IX , Saint Louis, administered justice under an oak tree in what

1080-515: The wine warehouses of Bercy ) and Saint-Mandé . The first town hall , located to the southeast of the current town hall, was burned down by the Commune . The current town hall was built in 1876 on Avenue Daumesnil, following the plans of architect Antoine-Julien Hénard. The Bois de Vincennes was given to the City of Paris by Emperor Napoleon III in 1860, but was not officially integrated into

1140-478: The "folie Rambouillet" which built by the Protestant financier and royal counsellor, Nicolas de Rambouillet, between 1633 and 1635. The property was further developed by Madame de la Sablière (1636–1693), who received prominent non-Catholic ambassadors there prior to their formal entry into Paris. She also hosted elegant receptions and salons there and offered lodging to the poet, Jean de la Fontaine . The estate

1200-530: The 12th arrondissement until 1926. The arrondissement benefited from numerous urban renewal and public works projects, many of them initiated during the 1980s. Two of the eight ' Grands Projets of Francois Mitterrand ' that were the hallmark of his presidency were located in the 12th arrondissement. These were the Opéra de la Bastille and the Ministry of the Economy and Finance building . Major projects in

1260-421: The 12th arrondissement; at its height, the rail network (including space for servicing it) accounted for 20% of the 12th arrondissement's land area and basically cut it in two. Haussmann was also active in this sector, creating arteries that would later take the names of boulevard Diderot (1854), rue Chaligny (1856), avenue Daumesnil (1859) and rue Crozatier (1861). Between 1855 and 1866, the Bois de Vincennes

SECTION 20

#1732771975130

1320-561: The Chateau extensively as a royal residence was Louis XIV , who later abandoned it in favour of the Chateau de Versailles. In 1198, Foulques de Neuilly, preacher of the 4th crusade, built a small hermitage for reformed prostitutes in the marshes of what was to become the 12th arrondissement. In 1204, a Cistercian abbey, Saint Anthony of the Fields, was founded outside and to the east of

1380-739: The Congregation of the Sacred Hearts of Jesus and Mary, originating from Picpus, Paris Picpus (film) , a 1943 film by Richard Pottier Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Picpus . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Picpus&oldid=1251015391 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

1440-624: The King's health and safety, was abolished in 1787. During the French Revolution , the chateau and the chapel were a natural target for the fury of the sans-culottes . At the end of February 1791, a mob of more than a thousand workers from the Faubourg Saint-Antoine , encouraged by members of the Cordeliers Club and led by Antoine Joseph Santerre , marched out to the château, where, according to rumours,

1500-481: The Paris chapel. It was destroyed in 1793 during the French Revolution. The sacristy is a separate two-storey structure attached to the chapel at the oratory of the King on the north side of the chapel. The upper floor contained the treasury of the structure, while the lower level held the clerical garments and regalia of the canons. The west front of the chapel, completed in 1552, was built later than

1560-640: The Revolution, 1,306 were beheaded there. Their bodies were then thrown into two mass graves in what is now the nearby Picpus Cemetery . After the Revolution, the Faubourg remained a hotbed of revolutionary activity, including during the July Revolution , the 1848 Revolution and the Paris Commune . From 1815 onwards, the neighbourhoods that would later become the 12th arrondissement were

1620-524: The action cost the lives of 98 attackers as well as most of the rather small contingent of soldiers charged with defending it. Of the 954 people who received official recognition for being 'conquerors of the Bastille', most were artisans and workers from the Faubourg Saint Antoine . The unauthorised demolition of the Bastille began the day after the Bastille was taken when an entrepreneurial business man, Pierre-François Palloy , recruited

1680-471: The arch over the portal, trumeau , the central column of the portal, almost all the other exterior sculpture with the exception of that in the voussoirs , and the arches over the portal. They also sacked the interior, destroying the furnishings and the stained glass windows of the nave and choir, but were unable to reach those in the apse. The Baptistery of Saint Louis (long held in the chapel's treasury and used from at least as early as Louis XIII 's time as

1740-596: The baptismal font for children of the French royal family) moved to the Louvre Museum . The chapel houses the tombs of Bernardin Gigault (who died at Vincennes in 1694) and Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien . The latter was executed in 1804 in the moat of the Château de Vincennes, near a grave which had already been prepared; in 1816, his remains were exhumed and placed in the chapel. In the early 19th century, with

1800-412: The ceilings, and on the interior and exterior sculpture. These restorations were finished in 2009. A gargoyle fell from the facade in 2009, leading to another campaign of restoration. The plan of the chapel is modelled after that of the Sainte-Chapelle on the Île de la Cité in Paris, with the major difference being that the Paris chapel had two levels – the upper level for the King and his family, and

1860-399: The chapel, the King had a separate chapel and oratory in his residence, and another within the fortified keep of the Chateau. The chapel was still unfinished in the 16th century. In 1520 King Francis I , who was a frequent resident, decided to complete it to celebrate the birth of his son and heir. After the death of Francis in 1547, Henry II took up the work: in 1547 and 1548, he finished

Picpus - Misplaced Pages Continue

1920-524: The construction of Bercy Village in the 1980s, vestiges of a Neolithic village were discovered (dating from between 4500 and 3800 BC). Subsequent excavations turned up wooden canoes (the pirogues de Bercy ), bows and arrows, pottery and bone and stone tools. Some of these objects are now exhibited in the Carnavalet Museum . During the Roman era, the area that is now the 12th arrondissement

1980-440: The eastern portion of the place, were part of a much broader set of some 60 tax barriers surrounding Paris that were designed by the architect, Claude Ledoux . Built in 1787, tax officials were stationed there to collect revenues from people as they entered Paris with their merchandise. During the reign of Louis-Philippe (1830–1848), the statues of two French kings were placed on the tops of the two columns: Saint Louis ( Louis IX )

2040-617: The eastern section of the arrondissement include the French Ministry of Finances, Bercy Village , the Parc de Bercy and the Bercy arena , now renamed Accorhotels Arena. Much of the land these structures now occupy was formerly district of wine warehouses for wine and spirits arriving by river transport from Burgundy and the Loire. Farther to the west, the arrondissement also features

2100-649: The focus of far-reaching urban development projects. These include construction of: the July Column (Colonne de Juillet) on the Place de la Bastille (1830); the Halle Beauvau (the covered market on the Rue d'Aligre, 1843); the mainline Gare de Lyon (1847–1852) and the Paris-Vincennes rail line that terminated at the Gare de la Bastille (1855). The development of the railway lines had a major impact on

2160-470: The furniture-making activity in the Faubourg have disappeared, though the École Boule , a famous school for furniture design founded in 1886 and located in the 12th arrondissement, continues to bear witness to this ancient artisanal tradition. The area next to the Seine that is now the 12th arrondissement was favoured by the French aristocracy as the site for their luxurious country estates. These included

2220-468: The lower level for ordinary members of the court – while the Vincennes chapel has a single level. The exterior plan is very simple; the bays are separated by strong buttresses, crowned by spires, and each bay is fill with stained glass up to the beginning of the roof, where it is topped by a gable, or pointed arch. The chapel originally had a flèche from the roof at the 4th traverse, similar to that of

2280-476: The lower right, were recreated anew. The stained glass of the Renaissance, unlike the early Gothic glass, was much thinner, and was made by painting the clear glass with a mixture of metal oxide colors and ground glass, which was then fired to fix it on the window. This allowed for much greater realism, and the use of subtle shading and perspective, so that stained glass increasingly resembled paintings. What

2340-465: The portal, as well as the sculpture on the trumeau, the column in the enter of the portal. The trumeau was originally decorated with a sculpture of the Virgin and Child . The interior has very little decoration; most of it was destroyed in 1793 during the French Revolution, and only traces remain. Between 1547 and 1549, Henry II commissioned the redecoration of the choir to serve as the meeting place of

2400-599: The relics. Construction of the nave continued, but the work slowed during the Hundred Years' War . After the French defeat at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415, the chateau and unfinished chapel were occupied by King Henry V of England . He died in Vincennes in 1422. The chateau and chapel returned to French possession under Charles VII in February 1437, but the King spent little time in Paris or Vincennes. The chapel

2460-406: The rest of the chapel. It is considered an important example of the more decorated Flamboyant Gothic style. The central element, the rose window, is framed by three very ornate pignons or arches, one below, one around, and one above the window, framing it. The west front was badly damaged by the sans-culottes in 1793; they smashed the sculpture that decorated the voussures , the arched vaults over

Picpus - Misplaced Pages Continue

2520-565: The restoration of the monarchy, the chapel was again used periodically by the royal family. Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien , who led a rebellion against Napoleon, was executed in 1804 in the moat of the Chateau and buried nearby. His remains were exhumed and in 1816 he was given a tomb and a small chapel inside the Sainte-Chapelle by King Louis XVIII . In 1853 the Chapel was classified as an historical monument, and extensive restoration

2580-456: The royalists were preparing to install political prisoners, and set about demolishing it with crowbars and pickaxes. They were stopped by the Marquis de Lafayette , who took several ringleaders prisoner. The sans-culottes returned in force in 1793, and this time met little resistance. They attacked the chapel; the spire was destroyed, together with the sculptural decoration of the tympanum ,

2640-446: The same building. This social organisation of production gradually faded out and had disappeared entirely by the final decades of the 20th century. With the urban redevelopment of the 1980s, the plan was to use the repurposed arches under the railway viaduc of the defunct Paris-Vincennes line to house artisans' workshops. The resulting Viaduc des Arts provides workshops for a wide array of specialised crafts. Nevertheless, most traces of

2700-411: The statue for the Place de la Nation . Due to various delays, the finished statue in bronze was not installed on the site until 1899. From an administrative point of view, the present-day 12th arrondissement was created by law of 16 June 1859, which rearranged Paris into the 20 arrondissements known today. The law also extended the arrondissement by absorbing parts of the villages of Bercy (including

2760-540: The sun", and "Until she completes the full circle." It also has been said to be a discreet reference to the King's mistress, Diane de Poitiers , Diana in mythology being the goddess of the Moon. The surviving stained glass windows date from the Renaissance, and were installed in the chapel between 1551 and 1559. Almost all of the glass in the nave was destroyed in 1793, and is known today only from early illustrations. The nave windows were mostly made of white glass to allow in

2820-403: The top of the voussures over the west portal: a representation of the Virgin and Child. The keystones, where the ribs of the vaults in the interior come together, are also decorated with sculpture, mostly carvings of the royal coats of arms. The exterior sculpture also includes numerous gargoyles , which had the practical function of collecting rain water from the roof and spouting it far away from

2880-585: The urban renewal projects of the 1990s. However, the 2018 census showed a slight decline in population. An immigrant is a person born in a foreign country not having French citizenship at birth. An immigrant may have acquired French citizenship since moving to France, but is still considered an immigrant in French statistics. On the other hand, persons born in France with foreign citizenship (the children of immigrants) are not listed as immigrants. Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes The Sainte-Chapelle de Vincennes

2940-487: The vaults, installed the carved woodwork in the interior and put in place the stained glass windows. The chapel was finally dedicated by Henry II in 1552. By the end of the 18th century, with the King in permanent residence at the Palace of Versailles , the chapel was rarely used. The chateau was removed from the list of official royal residences in 1754, and the College of Canons of the chapel, which prayed continually for

3000-417: The village of Charenton and the eastern part of the 12th arrondissement. Its gardens were developed by the famous landscape architect, André le Notre . Built on a promontory overlooking the Seine, the Chateau offered broad views over formal French gardens and the river. Starting in 1804, the rapid development of the wine trade in the vicinity of the castle brought heavy river and road traffic and initiated what

3060-443: The walls of Paris. The Abbaye was protected by fortified walls and a moat. . Its church was dedicated to Saint Antoine, which gave the name, Faubourg Saint Antoine (Saint Anthony's suburb), to the neighbourhood that grew up around the Abbey. The Abbey housed nuns ( moniales ) and, quite quickly, became an institution dominated by noble women with direct connections to both the royal house and other major noble families. The Abbesse

SECTION 50

#1732771975130

3120-469: Was a largely uninhabited wetland fed by streams originating in the surrounding hills. The area was crossed by a Roman road that linked Paris to Chelles and Meaux to the east and to Melun to the southeast. In the 11th century, the forest that would later become the bois de Vincennes was considered to be non-arable land. When Hugues Capet , King of the Franks, took up residence on the Île de la Cite, he used

3180-454: Was carried out under the direction of Eugène Viollet-le-Duc . The chapel was damaged in 1999 by a powerful wind storm, which destroyed a group of windows in the nave. These windows themselves replaced windows destroyed by explosions in August 1944 during the liberation of Paris by the Allies. The restored windows were strengthened to resist future storms. Other restorations were carried out on

3240-405: Was destroyed in 1793, but traces of the decoration can be seen on the ceiling vaults: the letters H and K, for Henry and Catherine de' Medici . Most of the decoration was destroyed in 1793, but vestiges of sculpture and portions of the stained glass are still visible. Some of the decoration displays the particular emblem of Henry II, a moon. This referred to his mottos, "When it is full, it equals

3300-409: Was lost was the deep, rich coloring of Gothic stained glass windows. The majority of the original interior and exterior sculpture dated to the period between 1390 and 1410. This included the statues in the niches of the interior and exterior, and the sculpture in the vaults over the portals. Most of the sculpture of the chapel, exterior and interior, was smashed by the sans-culottes in 1793. However,

3360-487: Was organised and functioned in the same way as Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, and very differently from a cathedral or ordinary church. It was under the patronage of the Virgin Mary and Holy Trinity. Like Sainte-Chapelle in Paris, its single official function was, by continual services, to ask for divine protection for the King and the royal family. For this purpose it was served by a chapter of fifteen canons . In addition to

3420-499: Was particularly known for its gardens, which were left open for the public to visit. In 1719, the estate was sold to the banker John Law , who converted the gardens into leased vegetable plots. Located at about the current placement of the Gare de Lyon, the estate had been completely dismantled by 1737, as shown by a map of this area dated that year. Another major estate was the 17th and 18th century Château de Bercy , which straddled

3480-488: Was referred to as the Dame du Faubourg . Over several centuries, the Abbey benefited from the fact that these women were well integrated into the reigning economic and political power structures of Paris. The Faubourg developed a specialty in furniture making and, especially, in cabinet making. The development was due mainly to the protection and favours accorded by the kings of France to the Abbey and its dependents, including

3540-414: Was refurbished by order of Napoleon III , who wanted it to become a "vast park for the working populations of eastern Paris". La Place de la Nation received its current name on 14 July 1880. Prior to that date, it was called the place du Trône, in honour of the entry into Paris of Louis XIV and his new wife, Marie-Thérèse of Austria . Le columns and associated taxation offices that can still be seen on

3600-408: Was to become a progressive abandonment of the property. The château itself was destroyed in 1861. The artisans and workers of the Faubourg played a key role in the French Revolution and the violent political turmoil of the 19th century. Residents of the Faubourg were instrumental in the taking of the Bastille on 14 July 1789. There were only seven prisoners left in the Bastille at that point and

#129870