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66-773: Pinewood Battery is a historic military site in Hong Kong, located 307 metres (1,007 ft) above sea level, within Lung Fu Shan Country Park , in the northwestern part of Hong Kong Island . Construction of the battery started in 1901 and finished in 1905. During the Battle of Hong Kong , the Battery came under repeated air raids. On 15 December 1941, the Japanese 23rd Army Air Group carried out extensive attacks on Hong Kong Island. Pinewood Battery, manned by

132-655: A Grade II conservation status in 2009. A heritage trail has been created on the site, which is also part of the Central and Western Heritage Trail , Western District and the Peak Route. The site and the buildings are managed by the Leisure and Cultural Services Department , while maintenance is the responsibility of the Architectural Services Department . The area has been converted into

198-643: A distinguished chemist and Nobel Laureate , as a Chair Professor. Stoddart has been a Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University , IL, USA for the past 16 years. Stoddart's ground-breaking research has garnered numerous accolades and awards, including the prestigious 2007 King Faisal International Prize in Science. In 2016, he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Bernard L. Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage for their work on

264-620: A few buildings in Sandy Bay Gap. Buildings of the university are some of the few remaining examples of British Colonial architecture in Hong Kong. The university lends its name to HKU MTR station , the main public transport access to the campus which had opened on 28 December 2014. The Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine is situated 4.5 km southwest of the main campus, in the Southern District near Sandy Bay and Pokfulam . The medical campus includes Queen Mary Hospital ,

330-634: A graduate of the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese, the predecessor of HKU. Notable alumni in the field of politics include Anson Chan , Carrie Lam , Jasper Tsang and Regina Ip . The origins of the University of Hong Kong can be traced back to the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese , founded in 1887 by Ho Kai (later known as Sir Kai Ho Kai). It was renamed the Hong Kong College of Medicine in 1907. The college

396-523: A picnic site. Interpretive signs are erected to illustrate the historical significance of this Battery. With its excellent environment, the Battery became a spot for wargaming . To prevent further damage to the site, the Country and Marine Parks Authority, AFCD set up a warning sign on the site, stating that " using or possession of any firearm, airgun, propelling or releasing instrument are prohibited ". However, many plastic BB bullets are still found on

462-486: A place for freedom of expression ". On 30 August 2011, the university council resolved to set up a panel to review issues arising from the vice premier's visit, to improve arrangements and to set up policies for future university events that are consistent with its commitment to freedom of expression. From 2010 to 2012, the university celebrated its 100th anniversary and the opening of the Centennial Campus at

528-463: A potential site for a new country park. The Country and Marine Parks Authority prepared a draft map of the proposed Lung Fu Shan Country Park, which was published for public inspection on 5 June 1998. In November 1998, the draft map was approved by the chief executive in council. The 47-hectare country park, the 23rd in Hong Kong, was formally designated on 18 December 1998. Situated on Kotewall Road and near University Drive. Established in 2008 by

594-462: A school of Chinese was proposed in the inter-war period. Construction of the premises began in 1929 following a donation from Tang Chi-ngong, father of the philanthropist Sir Tang Shiu-kin , after whom the building was named. It was opened by Sir William Peel , Governor of Hong Kong, in 1931 and since then further donations have been received for the endowment of teaching Chinese language and literature. The building has been used for other purposes since

660-532: A warning sign, stating that "using or possession of any firearm, airgun, propelling or releasing instrument are prohibited". However, many plastic BB bullets are still found on the site. The View Compass commands an excellent vistas of the western part of the territory and the Victoria Harbour . 22°16′38″N 114°08′09″E  /  22.27730°N 114.13571°E  / 22.27730; 114.13571 University of Hong Kong The university

726-538: Is a 2,750-metre (3,010 yd)-long trail on the Peak. Signs on the trail offer information about safe hiking. The trail starts at Pinewood Garden and proceeds through the Pinewood Battery, a few barbecue sites, a number of shelters, a flight of steps, and a stretch of steep road before arriving at the junction of Harlech Road and Hatton Road. It takes about 60 minutes to hike the entire trail. Pinewood Battery

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792-469: Is a disused military site constructed around 1903, which has been preserved within the country park. The park has interpretive signage illustrating the historical significance of the battery. Some visitors have illegally used the site for wargaming . To prevent further damage to the battery, the Country and Marine Parks Authority of the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department (AFCD) erected

858-613: The Canton–Hong Kong strikes of 1925 and 1926 , the government moved towards greater integration of Eastern culture, increasing the number of Chinese courses. In 1927, a degree in Chinese was created. Donations from wealthy businessmen Tang Chi Ngong and Fung Ping Shan – after whom two campus buildings are named – triggered an emphasis on Chinese cultural education. In 1937, the Queen Mary Hospital opened. It has served as

924-668: The Hong Kong University and the Environmental Protection Department , the Environmental Education Visitor Centre has been set up to address environmental challenges through collaborative and constructive actions. Its mission is to maintain and take care of nature through education by working together with the University, Government, and the community. Its main goal is to provide accessible education to

990-489: The Main Building is the university's oldest structure and was sponsored by Sir Hormusjee Naorojee Mody and designed by Architect Messrs Leigh & Orange . It is built in the post-renaissance Edwardian Baroque style with red brick and granite and has two courtyards. The main elevation is articulated by four turrets with a central clock tower (a gift from Sir Paul Chater in 1930). The two courtyards were added in

1056-490: The foundation stone of the Main Building on 16 March 1910. The university was incorporated in Hong Kong as a self-governing body of scholars on 30 March 1911 and had its official opening ceremony on 11 March 1912. It was founded as an all-male institution; women were admitted for the first time ten years later. The school opened with three founding faculties: Arts, Engineering, and Medicine. The Faculty of Medicine

1122-498: The 17th AA Battery 5th Anti-Air Regiment Royal Artillery , was severely damaged. The raid caused one death and one injury. One of the antiaircraft guns and certain other facilities were destroyed. The commander of the defending troops decided to abandon the battery, and all men were ordered to retreat on that day. All the old battery buildings are in a ruinous condition and two of the old magazines were demolished in fairly recent times. The military structures on Pinewood Battery received

1188-530: The 1970s but the name remained unchanged. It housed the Centre of Asian Studies until 2012 and now houses the Jao Tsung-I Petite Ecole. This three-storey flat-roofed structure is surfaced with Shanghai plaster and became a declared monument in 1995. To provide additional space for students under the new four-year undergraduate curriculum the Centennial Campus was built at the western end of

1254-647: The Association for Pacific Rim Universities, the Association of Commonwealth Universities, Washington University in St. Louis's McDonnell International Scholars Academy, and many others. HKU benefits from a large operating budget supplied by high levels of government funding compared to many Western countries. In 2018/19, the Research Grants Council (RGC) granted HKU a total research funding of HK$ 12,127 million (41.3% of overall RGC funding), which

1320-475: The Chinese course requirement. Cantonese credit-courses for Mainland Chinese and Taiwan students, and ab initio Mandarin Chinese and Cantonese credit-courses for international and exchange students are offered by the Chinese Language Centre, School of Chinese. The university is a founding member of Universitas 21 , an international consortium of research-led universities, and a member of

1386-536: The Faculty of Law, was a distinguished scholar in constitutional law and human rights and "a vocal critic on Hong Kong's political reform issues". Owing to his liberal political stance, Chan was roundly criticised by Communist Party-controlled media including Wen Wei Po , Ta Kung Pao , and Global Times , which together published at least 350 articles attacking him. Customarily the HKU Council accepts

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1452-634: The Graduate School. The University Grants Committee delivered the idea of “knowledge transfer” among the community and universities. From the academic year 2009/10, a yearly recurrent funding for universities to invest in knowledge transfer has been approved by the Legislative Council . Therefore, HKU has established the Knowledge Exchange Office in 2010. HKU Libraries (HKUL) was established in 1912, being

1518-676: The HKU Scholars Hub. 100 members of academic staff (>10% of professoriate staff) from HKU are ranked among the world's top 1% of scientists by the Thomson Reuters ' Essential Science Indicators, by means of the citations recorded on their publications. The university has the largest number of research postgraduate students in Hong Kong, making up approximately 10% of the total student population. All ten faculties and departments provide teaching and supervision for research (MPhil and PhD) students with administration undertaken by

1584-491: The HKU website. Undergraduate candidates are selected according to their relative merit in the local public examination ( HKDSEE ) and apply online via JUPAS . Other applicants, including overseas students or ones taking other examinations, are classified as non-JUPAS applicants who are required to apply via the official website, where postgraduate applications may also be made. Most undergraduate courses are 4-year degrees while

1650-678: The Hong Kong Library Association. In 1982, the Faculty of Dentistry, based at the Prince Philip Dental Hospital , was established. To this day, it remains Hong Kong's only faculty training dental professionals. In 1984, both the School of Architecture and School of Education became fully-fledged faculties and in the same year the Faculty of Law was created. The Faculty of Business and Economics

1716-459: The Swire Group sponsored the building of a new residential hall in the eastern end of the campus. The new student residence was named Swire Building in honour of this sponsorship. The building was officially opened by Mr John Anthony Swire CBE on 11 November 1980. In 1983, the colour orange was chosen to be the hall colour in the second Annual General Meeting since the colour was used as

1782-657: The Taiwan GSAT, 45/45 in IB , and 16 5** Zhuangyuan ( 狀元 ) (the top Gaokao scoring students in their province or city in mainland China ) are amongst those matriculated into the University. The latest Global Admissions Profile, with information and data about last year's admission and current international opportunities for those admitted, and the International Admissions Brochure, with information about applications for admission, are available on

1848-510: The University, and the Senate as the principal academic authority of the university. The university currently has ten academic faculties and 20 residential halls and colleges for its students, with English being its main medium of instruction and assessment. The university has educated many notable alumni in many fields. Among them is Dr Sun Yat-sen , the founder of the Republic of China ,

1914-750: The William M.W. Mong Building and research facilities. The Faculty of Dentistry is situated in the Prince Philip Dental Hospital , Sai Ying Pun . The university also operates the Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre, which occupies 95,000 square metres (1,020,000 sq ft) of land in the New Territories , and the Swire Institute of Marine Science at the southern tip of the d'Aguilar Peninsula on Hong Kong Island. Constructed between 1910 and 1912,

1980-489: The background colour during the first open day of Swire Hall and no other halls were using orange as their hall colour. In 1983, Mrs J. Lau (Director of Centre Media Resources) provided a design for the hall logo. The Swire Hall Students' Association, HKUSU, then made some amendments to that design. The logo shows the words 'S' and 'H'. The design of the word 'S' looks like two hands holding each other, signifying that all hall-mates should co-operate with each other, and promoting

2046-585: The building consists of masonry on the ground level surmounted by a two-storey red-brick structure with ornamental columns topped by a pediment over its entrance. Since 1962, the Chinese books collection, now known as the Fung Ping Shan Library, was transferred to the university's Main Library and the whole building was converted into a museum for Chinese art and archaeology. Among its collections are ceramics, pottery and bronze sculptures. In 1996,

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2112-602: The community, so that they can grow and become closer to nature On top of building public awareness and education, the centre is now carrying out Citizen Science projects. Their first BioBlitz was held in 2017, with the 100 participants and volunteers observing 151 species in Lung Fu Shan Country Park with the guidance of 11 experts. In 2018 this was expanded to separate BioBlitz surveys into four animal groups: Birds; Butterflies, (other) Insects, and Amphibians and Reptiles The Lung Fu Shan Fitness Trail

2178-655: The construction and HK$ 30,000 towards other costs. The Hong Kong Government and the business sector in southern China, which were both equally eager to learn "secrets of the West's success" (referring to technological advances made since the Industrial Revolution ), also gave their support. The Government contributed a site at West Point. Swire Group contributed £40,000 to endow a chair in Engineering, in addition to thousands of dollars in equipment (its aim

2244-675: The decision would serve as a warning to other academics not to engage in pro-democratic politics and would severely tarnish Hong Kong's reputation for academic freedom and education excellence. The law faculty also refuted the allegations against Chan. Billy Fung, student union president, revealed details of the discussion to the public and was subsequently expelled from the council. The university's main campus covers 177,000 square metres (1,910,000 sq ft) of land on Pokfulam Road and Bonham Road in Pokfulam of Central and Western District , Hong Kong Island . The university also has

2310-485: The decision. Political interference was widely suspected and the opacity of the council criticised. The decision is seen widely viewed as a pro-government act of retaliation against "pro-democracy leaders and participants" and a blow to academic freedom. Six members of the council are directly appointed by the Chief Executive of Hong Kong , who acts as chancellor of all publicly funded tertiary institutions in

2376-416: The design and synthesis of molecular machines . The HKU Council made headlines in 2015 for alleged political interference behind the selection process for a new pro-vice chancellor. A selection committee unanimously recommended the council appoint Johannes Chan to the post, which involved the responsibility for staffing and resources, and which had been left vacant for five years. Chan, the former dean of

2442-593: The disused Pinewood Battery as well as the Pinewood Garden picnic area, providing a scenic backdrop to the residential and commercial districts of Hong Kong Island . In proximity to the Mid-levels and the Western District , Lung Fu Shan is intensively used by members of the public, especially by morning walkers and picnickers. It is situated to the north of Pok Fu Lam Country Park . Towards

2508-566: The east of Lung Fu Shan Country Park is Hatton Road , to the south is Harlech Road whereas to the north and west is a covered conduit constructed by the Waterworks Office . This country park covers an area of about 47 hectares (120 acres), making it the smallest country park in Hong Kong. In 1993, a government planning study (the Territorial Development Strategy Review) identified the area as

2574-489: The establishment of the university as an opportunity to promote British culture to China and the Chinese people through education, in turn enhancing Britain's influence in the Far East . He quoted saying, "We must either now take those opportunities or leave them for others to take...". Sir Hormusjee Naorojee Mody , an Indian Parsi businessman in Hong Kong, learned of Lugard's plan and pledged to donate HK$ 150,000 towards

2640-474: The generosity of Mr Li and his Foundation as well as the wish of the donors to support, in addition to the general development of the University, research and academic activities in medicine." On 16 August 2011, Li Keqiang , Vice Premier of the People's Republic of China , began a three-day visit to promote development between Hong Kong and mainland China . The university was locked down. The mishandling by

2706-600: The hall motto 'Unity and Sincerity'. Financed by Sir Paul Chater , Professor G. P. Jordan and others, it was opened in 1919 by the Governor of Hong Kong Sir Reginald Stubbs and housed the students' union . After World War II, the building was used temporarily for administrative purposes. The East Wing was added in 1960. The building was converted into the Senior Common Room in 1974. It was named in honour of Mr Hung Hing-Ying in 1986 for his family's donations to

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2772-644: The lowest three floors of the new Tsui Building were added to the old building to form the University Museum and Art Gallery. HKU was ranked #17 worldwide in QS 2024, #35 worldwide in THE 2024, #88 worldwide in ARWU 2023, and #44 worldwide in U.S. News 2024. The Aggregate Ranking of Top Universities (ARTU), which sorts universities based on their aggregate performance across THE , QS, and ARWU , found that HKU

2838-488: The main campus, which was previously occupied by the Water Supplies Department. The construction of the campus started in late 2009, and was completed in 2012, the first year of the introduction of the new academic structure in Hong Kong. In 2012, the Faculty of Arts, the Faculty of Law and the Faculty of Social Sciences moved to the Centennial Campus. Admission to HKU is highly competitive. In 2016,

2904-515: The medical and nursing programmes require two and one more year(s) of studies respectively. English is the main medium of instruction, and the University's Senate has endorsed English as the campus lingua franca . Starting from 2012, local students are required to take Academic English courses and Chinese language enhancement courses; however, students who are native-speakers of languages other than Chinese, and students who have not studied Chinese language in their secondary curriculum can be exempted from

2970-684: The model for a secular institution. The University of Hong Kong was founded in 1911. The colony's governor , Sir Frederick Lugard , first proposed in January 1908 during a graduation ceremony at St Stephen's College to establish a university in Hong Kong to compete with the other Great Powers opening universities in China, most notably Prussia , which had just opened the Tongji German Medical School in Shanghai. Sir Lugard saw

3036-549: The number of degree courses to over a hundred. In 2002, Growing with Hong Kong: HKU and its Graduates – The First 90 Years was published by the Hong Kong University Press as a study of the impact of HKU's graduates on Hong Kong. In January 2006, despite protest from a portion of students and alumni, the Faculty of Medicine was renamed as the Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine "to recognize

3102-758: The oldest academic library in Hong Kong with over 2.3 million current holdings. It comprises the Main Library and six specialist branch libraries: the Dental, Education, Fung Ping Shan (East Asian Language), Yu Chun Keung Medical, Lui Che Woo Law, and Music libraries. They are located in buildings around the campus with varying opening hours. A web-based library catalogue, DRAGON, allows one to search HKUL's books, journals and other resources. The HKUL Digital Initiatives, through its digitisation projects, has opened up online access to local collections originally in print format. The first HKUL Digital Initiative, ExamBase,

3168-487: The police force caused the Hong Kong 818 incident . In a statement to the HKU community, the university vice-chancellor Professor Lap-Chee Tsui admitted that the security arrangements could have been better planned and organised, and apologised to students and alumni for not having been able to prevent the incident. He assured them that "the University campus belongs to students and teachers, and that it will always remain

3234-478: The recommendations of search committees for senior posts, with no prior recommendation having been rejected by the council. The council was criticised when it delayed the decision to appoint Chan, stating that it should wait until a new provost was in place. Finally, in September 2015, the council rejected Chan's appointment (12 votes to eight) through an anonymous vote in a closed meeting, providing no reason for

3300-401: The site. 22°16′40″N 114°08′09″E  /  22.277744°N 114.135771°E  / 22.277744; 114.135771 Lung Fu Shan Country Park Lung Fu Shan Country Park , established 18 December 1998, is a country park in the Central and Western District of Hong Kong . It covers the densely vegetated slopes of Lung Fu Shan ( aka. Hill Above Belcher's), and includes

3366-413: The south in 1952 and one floor in the end block in 1958. The building was originally used as classrooms and laboratories for the Faculty of Medicine and Engineering and was later the home of departments within the Faculty of Arts. The central Great Hall (Loke Yew Hall) is named after Loke Yew , a Malayan benefactor of the university in its early years. It became a declared monument in 1984. Around 1980,

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3432-776: The territory. Five members are delegates to the National People's Congress in Beijing and, as such, are obliged to toe the Communist Party line or risk expulsion. In overall Council makeup, university students and staff are outnumbered by members from outside the university. The decision was decried by student groups including the Hong Kong University Students' Union and Hong Kong Federation of Students , faculty members, leading international law scholars, and legislators. They noted that

3498-598: The university received around 40,000 applications for undergraduate studies, over 16,000 of which were from outside the Hong Kong schools' system. For Mainland China applicants, the enrollment rate was 1 student for every 21 applications. According to a survey done by the Education18.com (The Hong Kong Education Net), HKU enrolled students with the best performance in HKDSE examination in 2012. Internationally, applicants with more than 5 A*s in their GCE A-Levels , 75/75 in

3564-423: The university's governing council appointed University of California, Berkeley nanoscience professor Xiang Zhang to the posts of President and Vice-Chancellor with effect from January 2018. Zhang was the first vice-chancellor of the university born in mainland China and educated to undergraduate degree level there. On 4 September 2023, the university announced the appointment of Professor Sir Fraser Stoddart ,

3630-572: The university's teaching hospital ever since. In 1941, the Japanese invasion of Hong Kong caused damage to university buildings, and the university closed until 1945; during this period, the university's medical school moved to Chengdu . After the end of the Second World War , the university reopened and investment in law and the social sciences increased as post-war reconstruction efforts began in earnest. The Faculty of Social Sciences

3696-566: The university. The building was subsequently used again for administrative purposes, and housed Department of Music and the Music Library until early 2013. It is currently used by the Development & Alumni Affairs Office. The two-storey Edwardian style structure is characterised by a central dome and the use of red brick to emulate the Main Building opposite. The building became a declared monument in 1995. The idea to establish

3762-512: The western end of the university site in Pokfulam . The University of Hong Kong–Shenzhen Hospital , one of the two teaching hospitals of the university, also opened in 2011. On 10 April 2015, HKU declared itself as the first university in the world to join HeForShe , a UN Women initiative urging men to achieve more female rights. The university promised that it would triple the number of female dean-level members by 2020, so that more than 1 out of 5 deans would be women. On 15 December 2017,

3828-406: Was established and proposed by Governor Sir Frederick Lugard in an effort to compete with the other Great Powers opening universities in China. The university's governance consists of three bodies: the Court, the Council and the Senate. These three bodies all have their own separate roles. The Court acts as the overseeing and legislative body of the university, the Council acts as governing body of

3894-410: Was established in 1967 and the Department of Law in 1969. The student population in 1961 was 2,000, quadrupled from 1941, and in 1980 the number of students exceeded 5,500. In 1958, the librarian of University of Hong Kong, Mrs. Dorothea Scott, organized a meeting of over 40 library practitioners at the Fung Ping Shan Library on 3 April to determine and establish a library association for Hong Kong,

3960-412: Was established in 2001 as the university's tenth and youngest faculty. After 1989, the Hong Kong government began to emphasise local tertiary education in order to retain local students who would otherwise have studied abroad in the United Kingdom. Student places and course variety were greatly increased in preparation for the handover of Hong Kong . By 2001, the number of students had grown to 14,300 and

4026-494: Was later incorporated as HKU's medical school in 1911. However, it was the colony's governor, Frederick D. Lugard (1858-1945) who would be the real moving force in the creation of a university in Hong Kong... His ambitions in Hong Kong was to make the colony a more effective British asset and the creation of a university might help to fulfill this aim. Lugard's efforts reflected metropolitan development as he sought to make more recent universities (such as Birmingham and Leeds )

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4092-420: Was launched in 1996 and other projects of scholarly interests were introduced. More digital projects are being developed to provide continuous access to digital content and services. It provides open access to Chinese and English academic and medical periodicals published in Hong Kong. The three-storey Fung Ping Shan Building was erected in 1932 originally as a library for Chinese books. Named after its donor,

4158-466: Was partly to bolster its corporate image following the death of a passenger on board one of its ships, SS Fatshan , and the subsequent unrest stirred by the Self-Government Society). Along with donations from other donors including the British government and companies such as HSBC , Lugard finally had enough to fund the building of the university. Charles Eliot was appointed the university's first vice-chancellor. As Governor of Hong Kong, Lugard laid

4224-438: Was previously founded as the Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese by the London Missionary Society in 1887. Of the College's early alumni, the most renowned was Sun Yat-sen , who led the Chinese Revolution of 1911 , which transformed China from an empire ( Qing dynasty ) to a republic ( Republic of China ). In December 1916, the university held its first convocation, with 23 graduates and five honorary graduates. After

4290-415: Was the 42nd best-ranked university worldwide in 2023. HKU was ranked 61-70th in the THE World Reputation Rankings 2023. HKU is ranked as the most international university in the world in 2023 by Times Higher Education . In the QS World University Rankings by broad subject area 2023: In the Times Higher Education World University Rankings by subject (2023) HKU graduates ranked 47th worldwide in

4356-401: Was the highest among all universities in Hong Kong. HKU professors were among the highest paid in the world as well, having salaries far exceeding those of their US counterparts in private universities . However, with the reduction of salaries in recent years, this is no longer the case. HKU research output, researchers, projects, patents and theses are profiled and made publicly available in

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