135-456: Mid-Levels (Chinese: 半山區) is an affluent residential area on Hong Kong Island in Hong Kong . It is located between Victoria Peak and Central . Residents are predominantly more affluent Hong Kong locals and expatriate professionals. It has a population of 49,320 people, with 62.4% being Chinese. The largest ethnic minority groups include Filipinos (15%) and white (10.1%) . The Mid-Levels
270-419: A "mattress". After this, the ape stands and braids the tips of branches into the mattress. Doing this increases the stability of the nest. Orangutans make their nests more comfortable by creating "pillows", "blankets", "roofs" and "bunk-beds". Orangutans are among the most intelligent non-human primates. Experiments suggest they can track the displacement of objects both visible and hidden. Zoo Atlanta has
405-528: A Frank Gehry-designed building . Many prestigious colleges and schools are located in Mid-Levels, including the University of Hong Kong , St Francis' Canossian College , Island School , King's College , Ying Wa Girls' School , St. Paul's Co-educational College and St. Joseph's College , to name a few. The first houses in Mid-Levels were often large mansions, with gardens built out on terraces on
540-404: A body part. These communicate goals such as "acquire object", "climb on me", "climb on you", "climb over", "move away", "play change: decrease intensity", "resume play" and "stop that". Males become sexually mature at around age 15. They may exhibit arrested development by not developing the distinctive cheek pads, pronounced throat pouches, long fur, or long calls until a resident dominant male
675-690: A boys-only college. Ying Wa Girls' School ( 英華女學校 ) is a girls' secondary school under the Hong Kong Council of the Church of Christ in China ( 中華基督教會香港區會 ) and located at 76 Robinson Road. It was founded by the London Missionary Society in 1900. Island School is the flagship English Schools Foundation school. It counts among its students many of the expatriate children living in Mid-Levels. King's College ( 英皇書院 )
810-399: A bronze statue of King George VI was erected in the garden to mark the centenary year in which Hong Kong became a British Colony. Keeping wild animals in the garden can be traced as early as 1876. At that time, animals were kept merely for entertainment. From the 1970s, the emphasis changed to techniques in captive breeding and conservation breeding programmes for zoological collection. Today,
945-491: A common origin among primate species and therefore evolved before the origin of humans. Orangutans can learn to mimic new sounds by purposely controlling the vibrations of their vocal folds, a trait that led to speech in humans. Bonnie , an orangutan at the US National Zoo , was recorded spontaneously whistling after hearing a caretaker. She appears to whistle without expecting a food reward. Tool use in orangutans
1080-557: A copper bell made during the reign of the Daoguang Emperor (r. 1820–1850) in the Qing dynasty . Man Mo Temple is located at the intersection of Hollywood Road and Ladder Street which is in the area known as Tai Ping Shan rather than the Mid-Levels. In addition, there are many small traditional shrines, often adjacent to old large strangler fig trees. St John's Cathedral , an Anglican/Episcopalian church located on Garden Road,
1215-534: A dozen fishing villages. The northern-east part of the island, being known as the Central area is the historical, political, and economic centre of Hong Kong, with many government buildings being in the area, namely the Government House , Central Government Complex , Legislative Council Complex , Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal and High Court of Hong Kong . Many financial institutes and banks such as
1350-420: A female. Social grooming is uncommon among orangutans. Orangutans communicate with various vocals and sounds. Males will make long calls, both to attract females and to advertise themselves to other males. These calls have three components; they begin with grumbles, peak with pulses and end with bubbles. Both sexes will try to intimidate conspecifics with a series of low frequency noises known collectively as
1485-523: A few weeks it had healed, leaving only a small scar". In June 2008, Spain would become the first country to recognise the rights of some non-human great apes, based on the guidelines of the Great Ape Project , which are that chimpanzees, bonobos , orangutans, and gorillas not to be used for animal experiments. In December 2014, a court in Argentina ruled that an orangutan named Sandra at
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#17327824286501620-477: A greenhouse at the eastern boundary of the garden houses over 150 native and exotic species including orchids, ferns, bromeliads, climbers and house plants. Lung Fu Shan Country Park covers the densely vegetated slopes of Lung Fu Shan, including the disused Pinewood Battery and the Pinewood Garden picnic area, providing a scenic backdrop to the residential and commercial districts of Hong Kong Island. It
1755-453: A large building at 2 Bonham Road in 1926 and was renamed Hop Yat Church ( 合一堂 ). Jamia Mosque is an elegant old mosque dating from the early days of Hong Kong's history is located on the corner of Mosque Street and Shelley Street. It is easily accessible by the Mid-Levels escalator. The Ohel Leah Synagogue located on Robinson Road dates from 1901. The Hong Kong Baptist Church is on 50 Caine Road and has about 2,200 regular worshipers. It
1890-594: A link from Sheung Wan to Wan Chai North and the Eastern Corridor beyond Causeway Bay . It was built as part of the Central and Wan Chai Reclamation and is part of Route 4 . The bypass is toll-free. There are no bridges between the island and Kowloon, although two bridges – the Ap Lei Chau Bridge , a road bridge, and Aberdeen Channel Bridge , part of the South Island line – connect
2025-554: A loop linking Causeway Bay and Happy Valley ; the latter is a funicular linking Central District to Victoria Peak . Hong Kong Island has four ferry terminals, them being the Central Ferry Piers , North Point Ferry Pier , Sai Wan Ho Ferry Pier and Wan Chai Ferry Pier . Frequently ferry services are provided from these piers to the Kowloon Peninsula and the outlying islands. A departure terminal,
2160-420: A male orangutan having an arm span of about 2 m (6 ft 7 in), and short legs. They are covered in long reddish hair that starts out bright orange and darkens to maroon or chocolate with age, while the skin is grey-black. Though largely hairless, males' faces can develop some hair, giving them a beard. Orangutans have small ears and noses; the ears are unlobed. The mean endocranial volume
2295-500: A six- to nine-year interbirth interval, the longest among the great apes. Gestation is around nine months long and infants are born at a weight of 1.5–2 kg (3.3–4.4 lb). Usually only a single infant is born; twins are a rare occurrence. Unlike many other primates, male orangutans do not seem to practise infanticide . This may be because they cannot ensure they will sire a female's next offspring, because she does not immediately begin ovulating again after her infant dies. There
2430-513: A slower pace than both chimpanzees and humans. A 2017 genome study found that the Bornean and Tapanuli orangutans diverged from Sumatran orangutans about 3.4 mya, and from each other around 2.4 mya. Millions of years ago, orangutans travelled from mainland Asia to Sumatra and then Borneo as the islands were connected by land bridges during the recent glacial periods when sea levels were much lower. The present range of Tapanuli orangutans
2565-441: A small diameter by resting the tops of the fingers against the inside of the palm, thus creating a double-locked grip. Their feet have four long toes and an opposable big toe, giving them hand-like dexterity. The hip joints also allow for their legs to rotate similarly to their arms and shoulders. Orangutans move through the trees by both vertical climbing and suspension . Compared to other great apes, they infrequently descend to
2700-578: A study of leaf-carrying behaviours of formerly captive orangutans that were being rehabilitated on the island of Kaja in Borneo. Wild orangutans in Tuanan, Borneo, were reported to use tools in acoustic communication. They use leaves to amplify the kiss squeak sounds they produce. The apes may employ this method of amplification to deceive the listener into believing they are larger animals. In 2003, researchers from six different orangutan field sites who used
2835-538: A third species, P. tapanuliensis , from Sumatra south of Lake Toba , came with a surprising twist: it is more closely related to the Bornean species, P. pygmaeus than to its fellow Sumatran species, P. abelii . The Sumatran orangutan genome was sequenced in January 2011. Following humans and chimpanzees , the Sumatran orangutan became the third species of great ape to have its genome sequenced. Subsequently,
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#17327824286502970-459: A touch-screen computer on which their two Sumatran orangutans play games. A 2008 study of two orangutans at the Leipzig Zoo showed orangutans may practise "calculated reciprocity ", which involves an individual aiding another with the expectation of being paid back. Orangutans are the first nonhuman species documented to do so. In a 1997 study, two captive adult orangutans were tested with
3105-492: A tourist attraction. Sections of the escalator had been under renovation in 2018 and 2019, with some sections closed for maintenance. Streets in Mid-Levels include: Hong Kong Park, which is 80,000 m in area, is located next to Cotton Tree Drive in Central. There are modern facilities surrounded by a natural landscape . The Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens is one of the oldest Zoological and Botanical centres in
3240-459: A transient phase, which lasts until a male can challenge and displace a dominant, resident male from his home range. Both resident and transient orangutans aggregate on large fruiting trees to feed. The fruits tend to be abundant, so competition is low and individuals may engage in social interactions. Orangutans will also form travelling groups with members moving between different food sources. They are often consortships between an adult male and
3375-460: Is 16% of their feeding time. Fruits with soft pulp, arils or seed-walls are consumed the most, particularly figs but also drupes and berries. Orangutans are thought to be the sole fruit disperser for some plant species including the vine species Strychnos ignatii which contains the toxic alkaloid strychnine . Orangutans also include leaves in their diet, which take up 25% of their average foraging time. Leaves are eaten more when fruit
3510-461: Is 397 cm . The cranium is elevated relative to the face, which is incurved and prognathous . Compared to chimpanzees and gorillas, the brow ridge of an orangutan is underdeveloped. Females and juveniles have relatively circular skulls and thin faces while mature males have a prominent sagittal crest , large cheek pads or flanges, extensive throat pouches and long canines . The cheek pads are made mostly of fatty tissue and are supported by
3645-399: Is a Roman Catholic cathedral at 16 Caine Road. The first Roman Catholic cathedral of Hong Kong was built in 1843 and destroyed in a fire in 1859. The cathedral was designed by Crawlwey and Company of London. Construction of the new one started in 1883 and the first Mass was celebrated on 7 December 1888. The fourth generation building of Union Church Hong Kong was located at Kennedy Road, up
3780-522: Is a co-educational English-medium secondary school, named after Bishop Timoleon Raimondi , the first vicar apostolic of Hong Kong. Established in 1875, St. Joseph's College ( 聖若瑟書院 ) is the first Catholic boys' secondary school in Hong Kong. It is a Lasallian institution. Together with a primary school, St. Joseph's Primary School, the St. Joseph's population now exceeds 4200. The north and west blocks of
3915-537: Is a short footpath and it only takes about 2 hours to complete. Along the way, one can gain knowledge about nature, mainly concerning biological, geological and geographical aspects. Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware ( 茶具文物館 ), a branch museum of the Hong Kong Museum of Art , is located at the Hong Kong Park . The building was built in the 1840s, and originally served as the office and residence of
4050-414: Is absent. The transformation from unflanged to flanged can occur quickly. Flanged males attract females in oestrous with their characteristic long calls, which may also suppress development in younger males. Unflanged males wander widely in search of oestrous females and upon finding one, will force copulation on her, the occurrence of which is unusually high among mammals. Females prefer to mate with
4185-427: Is an island in the southern part of Hong Kong . The island, known originally and on road signs simply as "Hong Kong", had a population of 1,289,500 and a population density of 16,390 per square kilometre (42,400/sq mi), as of 2023 . It is the second largest island in Hong Kong, with the largest being Lantau Island . Hong Kong Island forms one of the three areas of Hong Kong , with the other two being Kowloon and
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4320-480: Is believed to be the closest known relative of the living orangutans and inhabited similar environments. The largest known primate, Gigantopithecus , was also a member of Ponginae and lived in China, from 2 mya to 300,000 years ago. The oldest known record of Pongo is from the Early Pleistocene of Chongzuo , consisting of teeth ascribed to extinct species P. weidenreichi . Pongo
4455-456: Is evidence that females with offspring under six years old generally avoid adult males. Females do most of the caring of the young. The mother will carry the infant while travelling, suckle it and sleep with it. During its first four months, the infant is almost never without physical contact and clings to its mother's belly. In the following months, the amount of physical contact the infant has with its mother declines. When an orangutan reaches
4590-566: Is found as part of the faunal complex in the Pleistocene cave assemblage in Vietnam, alongside Giganopithecus , though it is known only from teeth. Some fossils described under the name P. hooijeri have been found in Vietnam, and multiple fossil subspecies have been described from several parts of southeastern Asia. It is unclear if these belong to P. pygmaeus or P. abelii or, in fact, represent distinct species. During
4725-450: Is further divided into four areas (From the below, Mid-Levels of Central District can be subdivided into two Mid-Levels. Included: Mid-Levels West and Mid-Levels Central): Aside from the panoramic views of Victoria Harbour and the rest of the city, it is also close to Central and Admiralty, which are both significant business areas, thus providing easy and convenient access for the business people living in Mid-Levels. An added attraction of
4860-423: Is heavily concentrated along the northern shore. The combined population of Central and Western, Wan Chai, and Eastern is 925,200, giving this urbanised part of the island a density of around 22,500 per km , or 58,000 per mi , in its approximately 41.3 km (15.9 sq mi). The residents living in the Central and Western District and Wan Chai District have the highest median household income compared with
4995-464: Is introducing an International Baccalaureate curriculum . Currently, the primary school section is no longer housed in the same campus as the secondary school, and has moved to a new campus in Wong Chuk Hang. Man Mo Temple is a popular site of worship that is important to Hong Kong culture. The Man Mo Temple was founded in the 1850s at the start of British Occupation of Hong Kong and contains
5130-500: Is less available, but even during times of fruit abundance, orangutans will eat leaves 11–20% of the time. They appear to depend on the leaf and stem material of Borassodendron borneensis during times of low fruit abundance. Other food items consumed by the apes include bark , honey , bird eggs, insects and small vertebrates including slow lorises . In some areas, orangutans may practise geophagy , which involves consuming soil and other earth substances. They will uproot soil from
5265-552: Is located in the three lower stories of the T T Tsui Building. The Dr. Sun Yat-sen Museum is located in the Kom Tong Hall, an old mansion in Castle Road. It contains exhibitions on the life of Dr. Sun Yat-sen and history of the building. Previously, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints owned the Kom Tong Hall. The building was converted to a church building on the lower floors and served as an office for
5400-594: Is located inside the University of Hong Kong, with an aim to promote Chinese art and culture to college students and the entire community. The UMAG usually holds some exhibitions and art educational activities to promote the art education in Hong Kong. The museum is located in the Fung Ping Shan Building, which is situated next to the main entrance of the university. In addition, the Art Gallery
5535-467: Is more than any other mammal. Typically, orangutans live over 30 years both in the wild and in captivity. Orangutans build nests specialised for either day or night use. These are carefully constructed; young orangutans learn from observing their mother's nest-building behaviour. In fact, nest-building allows young orangutans to become less dependent on their mother. From six months of age onwards, orangutans practise nest-building and gain proficiency by
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5670-569: Is often referred to locally as "Hong Kong side" or "Island side". The suffix "-side" is also applied to other locations in Hong Kong (e.g. China-side and Kowloon Walled City -side), the sole remnant of which being the "Kowloon side" when referring to the two sides of the Victoria Harbour. Human settlement of the area dates back 6,000 years ago, as evidenced by Neolithic artifacts discovered in Stanley , Hong Kong Island. In 214 BC,
5805-457: Is one of the oldest and most active places of worship in Hong Kong. It hosts a counselling service, an HIV centre and two advisory centres for migrant workers who form about 5% of Hong Kong's population. St John's operates an "open altar" policy of welcoming to Holy Communion all Christians in good standing. Hong Kong's lands have a set period of grant on them, and St John's Cathedral's land is the only exception. The Immaculate Conception Cathedral
5940-502: Is situated at the north of Pok Fu Lam Country Park . Towards the east of Lung Fu Shan Country Park is Hatton Road, to the south is Harlech Road whereas to the north and west is a covered conduit constructed by the Water Supplies Department. This country park covers an area of about 470,000 m and also commands an excellent vista of the western part of the territory and the Victoria Harbour. Wan Chai Nature Trail
6075-491: Is the University of Hong Kong . Many famous secondary schools such as St. Joseph's College , St. Paul's College , St. Paul's Co-Educational College , King's College , St. Stephen's Girls' College and Raimondi College (高主教書院) are also located here. The Main Building of the University of Hong Kong is the oldest of all the university's structures. Donated by Sir H.N. Mody , this building's construction began in 1910 and
6210-402: Is the second-largest island of the territory, the largest being Lantau Island . Its area is 78.59 km (30.34 sq mi), including 6.98 km (2.69 sq mi) of land reclaimed since 1887 and some smaller scale ones since 1851. It makes up approximately 7% of the total territory. It is separated from the mainland of the territory ( Kowloon Peninsula and New Territories ) by
6345-944: Is thought to be close to where ancestral orangutans first entered what is now Indonesia from mainland Asia. gibbons (family Hylobatidae) orangutans (genus Pongo ) gorillas (genus Gorilla ) chimpanzees (genus Pan ) humans (genus Homo ) The three orangutan species are the only extant members of the subfamily Ponginae . This subfamily also includes extinct apes such as Lufengpithecus , which occurred 8–2 mya in southern China and Thailand; Indopithecus , which lived in India from 9.2 to 8.6 mya; and Sivapithecus , which lived in India and Pakistan from 12.5 mya until 8.5 mya. These animals likely lived in drier and cooler environments than orangutans do today. Khoratpithecus piriyai , which lived 5–7 mya in Thailand,
6480-644: The Buenos Aires Zoo must be moved to a sanctuary in Brazil to provide her "partial or controlled freedom". Sandra has since been relocated to The Center for Great Apes in the United States , as it is the only accredited orangutan sanctuary in the Americas . Animal rights groups like Great Ape Project Argentina argued the ruling should apply to all species in captivity, and legal specialists from
6615-569: The Cape D'Aguilar Marine Reserve , is located on the southern tip of the island in Cape D'Aguilar . It was opened in July 1996 and has a sea area of approximately 20 hectares. The reserve was set up for the purpose of the conservation of marine resources, scientific studies and education for the appreciation of precious marine resources. Visits to the marine reserve by the public is discouraged, with water sports and costal recreational activities prohibited in
6750-736: The Hong Kong Macau Ferry Terminal is located in Sheung Wan to provide turbojet ferry services to Macau . A tourist sightseeing ferry service, branded as the "Water Taxi" is also offered. The ferry service travels in the Victoria Harbour to sightseeing attractions of Hong Kong, such as the Hong Kong Observation Wheel , International Financial Centre , Tsim Sha Tsui Promenade, West Kowloon Cultural District and Kai Tak Cruise Terminal . It has 4 drop off points. Public piers are also alongside
6885-703: The Hong Kong Stock Exchange , Hong Kong Monetary Authority , HSBC and Bank of China are also based in the area. The northern coast of the island forms the southern shore of the Victoria Harbour , which is largely responsible for the development of Hong Kong due to its deep waters favoured by large trade ships. The island is home to many famous tourists sights, such as " The Peak ", Ocean Park , Former Central Police Station Compound , Murray House , and many other historical sites and various large shopping centres. The mountain ranges across
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#17327824286507020-639: The Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Forces resisted the Japanese invasion commanded by Sakai Takashi , which began eight hours after the attack on Pearl Harbor . However, the Japanese took control of the Hong Kong skies on the first day of attack and outnumbered the defenders, which retreated from the Gin Drinkers Line and consequently from Kowloon under heavy aerial bombardment and artillery barrage. On 18 December,
7155-461: The Leisure and Cultural Services Department . Due to the early development of Hong Kong Island, many historical buildings can be found on Hong Kong Island. As of 2023, the population of Hong Kong Island is approximately 1,188,500, making up approximately 15.8% of the 7,536,100 in Hong Kong . Its population density is higher than the whole of Hong Kong , c. 18,000 per km . However, the population
7290-646: The New Territories . In 1842, following the Qing dynasty 's defeat at the First Opium War (1839–1842), Hong Kong Island was formally ceded in perpetuity to the United Kingdom under the Treaty of Nanking . The City of Victoria was then established on the island by British forces in honour of Queen Victoria . At the time, the island had a population of about 3,000 inhabitants scattered in
7425-651: The Qin dynasty defeated the Baiyue , and absorbed areas of what is now Guangdong , Guangxi , and northern Vietnam . Hong Kong Island was part of the annexed land and was listed under the jurisdiction of Panyu County ( 番禺縣 ) of the Nanhai Commandery ( 南海郡 ). On the sixth year of the Eastern Jin dynasty (AD 331), Hong Kong Island was listed under the jurisdiction of Baoan County ( 寶安縣) . Copper coins from
7560-559: The Sui , Tang and Song dynasty were unearthed in where the Royal Hong Kong Yacht Club is presently located at, on where Kellett Island would have been prior to the land reclamation connecting the island to Causeway Bay in 1969. This suggests that during these periods of times, the island already had its own commercial activity. Song dynasty copper coins served as universal currency in transregional trade. During
7695-959: The Sumatran orangutan ( P. abelii ). A third species, the Tapanuli orangutan ( P. tapanuliensis ), was identified definitively in 2017. The orangutans are the only surviving species of the subfamily Ponginae , which diverged genetically from the other hominids ( gorillas , chimpanzees , and humans ) between 19.3 and 15.7 million years ago. The most arboreal of the great apes, orangutans spend most of their time in trees. They have proportionally long arms and short legs, and have reddish-brown hair covering their bodies. Adult males weigh about 75 kg (165 lb), while females reach about 37 kg (82 lb). Dominant adult males develop distinctive cheek pads or flanges and make long calls that attract females and intimidate rivals; younger subordinate males do not and more resemble adult females. Orangutans are
7830-604: The Treaty of Nanking and the territory became a Crown colony . At the time, the island's population was only 7,450. The Second World War was a dark period for Hong Kong. In the 1930s, the British anticipated a Japanese attack on Hong Kong. As Wong Nai Chung Gap was a strategically important location of defence, large-scale defensive works were constructed there, including anti-aircraft batteries , howitzers and machine gun nests. The Battle of Hong Kong began on 8 December 1941. British , Canadian and Indian armies and
7965-632: The Tseung Kwan O line and road traffic in separate parallel conduits). Besides these harbour crossing tunnels, Hong Kong Island also has two tunnels travelling across the island itself, the Aberdeen Tunnel and Central–Wan Chai Bypass , which were opened in March 1982 and January 2019 respectively. The Aberdeen Tunnel provides a link from Happy Valley and Wong Chuk Hang , with the toll fee being HK$ 5. The Central–Wan Chai Bypass provides
8100-832: The Victoria Harbour . Most hills across the middle of the island are included within the country parks . The main hiking trail on Hong Kong Island is the Hong Kong Trail , which is 50 kilometers long and is divided into 8 sections. The trail starts in Victoria Gap on the peak and ends in Big Wave Bay . Sections 1 and 2 of the Wilson Trail across the New Territories of Hong Kong and Kowloon also passes through Tai Tam Country Park and its Quarry Bay Extension . The only marine reserve in Hong Kong,
8235-638: The Wanli period of the Ming dynasty (1573), Hong Kong Island belonged to the territory of Xin'an County , and remained so until 1661, when the great clearance was issued by the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing dynasty , forcing residents in coastal areas of Guangdong , Fujian , Zhejiang , Jiangnan , and Shandong to move in-land, to prevent the loyalists of the Ming dynasty in Formosa from approaching
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#17327824286508370-428: The ciliate Balantidium coli . Among Strongyloides , the species S. fuelleborni and S. stercoralis are reported in young individuals. Orangutans also use the plant species Dracaena cantleyi as an anti-inflammatory balm. Captive animals may suffer an upper respiratory tract disease. Orangutans are primarily fruit-eaters , which can take up 57–80% of their foraging time. Even during times of scarcity, fruit
8505-423: The cooperative pulling paradigm . Without any training, the orangutans succeeded in pulling off an object to get food in the first session. Over the course of 30 sessions, the apes succeeded more quickly, having learned to coordinate. An adult orangutan has been documented to pass the mirror test , indicating self-awareness . Mirror tests with a 2-year-old orangutan failed to reveal self-recognition. Studies in
8640-591: The gibbons diverged during the early Miocene between 24.1 and 19.7 million years ago (mya), and the orangutans diverged from the African great ape lineage between 19.3 and 15.7 mya. Israfil and colleagues (2011) estimated based on mitochondrial , Y-linked , and X-linked loci that the Sumatran and Bornean species diverged 4.9 to 2.9 mya. By contrast, the 2011 genome study suggested that these two species diverged as recently as circa 400,000 years ago. The study also found that orangutans evolved at
8775-517: The rainforests of Indonesia and Malaysia . They are now found only in parts of Borneo and Sumatra , but during the Pleistocene they ranged throughout Southeast Asia and South China . Classified in the genus Pongo , orangutans were originally considered to be one species. From 1996, they were divided into two species: the Bornean orangutan ( P. pygmaeus , with three subspecies) and
8910-604: The "rolling call". When uncomfortable, an orangutan will produce a "kiss squeak", which involves sucking in air through pursed lips. Mothers produce throatscrapes to keep in contact with their offspring. Infants make soft hoots when distressed. When building a nest, orangutans will produce smacks or blow raspberries . Orangutan calls display consonant- and vowel-like components and they maintain their meaning over great distances. Mother orangutans and offspring also use several different gestures and expressions such as beckoning, stomping, lower lip pushing, object shaking and "presenting"
9045-593: The 18th century, particularly in works that comment on human society. Field studies of the apes were pioneered by primatologist Birutė Galdikas and they have been kept in captive facilities around the world since at least the early 19th century. All three orangutan species are considered critically endangered . Human activities have caused severe declines in populations and ranges. Threats to wild orangutan populations include poaching (for bushmeat and retaliation for consuming crops ), habitat destruction and deforestation (for palm oil cultivation and logging ), and
9180-589: The 20th century—explaining the missing initial 'h' of ' hutan '. The name of the genus, Pongo , comes from a 16th-century account by Andrew Battel , an English sailor held prisoner by the Portuguese in Angola , which describes two anthropoid "monsters" named Pongo and Engeco. He is now believed to have been describing gorillas , but in the 18th century, the terms orangutan and pongo were used for all great apes . French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède used
9315-426: The 46-storey building for HK$ 439 million (US$ 57m). The price, US$ 9,200 per square foot, set a new world record for the most expensive apartment. A moratorium to restrict development in Mid-Levels was established in 1972 to limit traffic. Of the 420 plots of land in Mid-Levels, 4 government sites and 43 private sites are subject to the moratorium. Twenty-six sites are reserved for government and community use, and
9450-1083: The Allies. As a result, the unemployed were deported to the Mainland , and the population of Hong Kong had dwindled from 1.6 million in 1941 to 600,000 in 1945. The population of Hong Kong Island grew exponentially after the Second World War and the Communist revolution in China . It became apparent that the lands in the old Central District were insufficient to accommodate the population. Many undeveloped or underdeveloped areas Hong Kong Island such as North Point , Shau Kei Wan , Aberdeen and Wong Chuk Hang began its development and urbanisation. These areas initially started off as industrialised areas, with some areas such as Quarry Bay , Wan Chai and Causeway Bay later becoming new commercial centres when Hong Kong moved away from its period of industrialisation , as these areas provided relatively cheaper rent than
9585-652: The Asia Area on the upper floors. It was then donated back to the government of Hong Kong. [1] The building was replaced by the church in June 2005 with the newly constructed Wan Chi Church Building on Gloucester Road in Wan Chai . [2] During World War II this building was supposedly used as the Japanese Headquarters in Hong Kong. Many schools and colleges can be found in the Mid-Levels. The most famous
9720-565: The Bornean species had its genome sequenced. Bornean orangutans ( P. pygmaeus ) have less genetic diversity than in Sumatran ones ( P. abelii ), despite populations being six to seven times higher in Borneo. The researchers hope these data may help conservationists preserve the endangered ape, as well as learn more about human genetic diseases . Similarly to gorillas and chimpanzees, orangutans have 48 diploid chromosomes, in contrast to humans, which have 46 . According to molecular evidence , within apes (superfamily Hominoidea),
9855-722: The Commander of the British Forces in Hong Kong. It was converted to the Museum of Tea Ware in 1984, with a new wing, the K.S. Lo Gallery, constructed in 1995. Flagstaff House Museum of Tea Ware specialises in the collection, study, and display of teaware. The museum promotes Chinese tea drinking culture through many exhibitions. There are video programmes and audio guides conducted in Cantonese and Japanese, regular presentations and lecture programmes, and free guided tours for
9990-465: The Hong Kong island to Ap Lei Chau . The Ap Lei Chau Bridge is a combination of two bridges, built separately in 1980 and 1994. It was built to accommodate the growing population in Ap Lei Chau, which the residents could only access the island by boats prior to the construction of the bridge. The Central-Mid Levels escalator and walkway system is the longest outdoor covered escalator system in
10125-577: The Japanese had conquered North Point , reaching the Wong Nai Chung Gap on the following day. English, Scottish forces and the Canadian Winnipeg Grenadiers vigorously defended the crucial point of Wong Nai Chung Gap, and for a while successfully secured the passage between Central and the secluded southern parts of the island. Japanese casualties were about 600. However, Allied forces there were ultimately defeated by
10260-420: The Japanese on 23 December, and Wong Nai Chung Reservoir was lost. As Wan Chai Gap had also fallen that same day, the British had no choice but to surrender. Hong Kong surrendered to the Japanese on 25 December 1941, thereafter often called " Black Christmas " by locals as the surrender was on Christmas. The Governor of Hong Kong , Mark Young , surrendered in-person at the temporary Japanese headquarters, on
10395-508: The Mid-Levels is its close proximity to nature and comparatively better air quality than many parts of Hong Kong Island. Many wealthy people in Hong Kong are willing to pay higher residential property prices for a residence that is further away from pollution and yet remains close to the centre of the city. Many streets are named after former governors of Hong Kong . Examples include Bonham Road (after George Bonham , 1848–1854) and Kennedy Road (after Arthur Edward Kennedy , 1872–1877). Many of
10530-423: The Pleistocene, Pongo had a far more extensive range than at present, extending throughout Sundaland and mainland Southeast Asia and South China. Teeth of orangutans are known from Peninsular Malaysia that date to 60,000 years ago. The youngest remains from South China, which are teeth assigned to P. weidenreichi, date to between 66 and 57,000 years ago. The range of orangutans had contracted significantly by
10665-781: The South Island line connecting four stations on Ap Lei Chau and in Wong Chuk Hang to the north shore at Admiralty station . Five MTR lines – the Tsuen Wan line , the Tseung Kwan O line , the Tung Chung line , the Airport Express – connect the north shore with Kowloon and provide onward service to the New Territories , and the East Rail line which provides another cross-harbour connection upon its extension from Hung Hom station to Admiralty station. In future,
10800-771: The Southern District. Major roads on Hong Kong Island include Connaught Road , Des Voeux Road , King's Road , Queen's Road . Hong Kong Island is connected to the Kowloon Peninsula on the mainland by two road-only tunnels (the Cross-Harbour Tunnel and the Western Harbour Crossing ), three MTR railway tunnels ( East Rail line , Tsuen Wan line and Tung Chung line / Airport Express ) and one combined road and MTR rail link tunnel ( Eastern Harbour Crossing , containing
10935-579: The Victoria Harbour, such as the famous now-demolished Queen's Pier in Central and now-relocated Blake Pier in Stanley, which mainly provides passenger pick-up and drop-off services for small barges, yachts and sightseeing boats. Public piers are located mainly along the Victoria Harbour mainly in Causeway Bay, Central, Shau Kei Wan, Wan Chai, and also in Aberdeen, Ap Lei Chau and Stanley, places in
11070-465: The age of one-and-a-half years, its climbing skills improve and it will travel through the canopy holding hands with other orangutans, a behaviour known as "buddy travel". After two years of age, juvenile orangutans will begin to move away from their mothers temporarily. They reach adolescence at six or seven years of age and are able to live alone but retain some connections with their mothers. Females may nurse their offspring for up to eight years, which
11205-591: The ape could talk, but preferred not to "lest he be compelled to labour". The word appeared in several German-language descriptions of Indonesian zoology in the 17th century. It has been argued that the word comes specifically from the Banjarese variety of Malay, but the age of the Old Javanese sources mentioned above make Old Malay a more likely origin for the term. Cribb and colleagues (2014) suggest that Bontius' account referred not to apes (as this description
11340-653: The area. It is managed by the Agriculture, Fisheries and Conservation Department . Many public beaches are also located in the Southern District of Hong Kong Island, which being the Deep Water Bay , Repulse Bay , Middle Bay , South Bay , Chung Hom Kok Beach , St. Stephen's Beach , Stanley Main Beach , Hair Pin Beach , Turtle Cove Beach , Shek O , and Big Wave Bay . These are all popular locations for water sports and activities. Public beaches are managed by
11475-755: The building and an additional one was completed in 1958. At present, the building houses various departments of the Arts Faculty. In 1919, Sir Paul Chater and Professor G P Jordan donated money for the construction of the Hung Hing Ying Building, located near the Main Building. This building was designed to house the student union. After the Second World War, it became the Administrative Building. In 1960,
11610-508: The college are declared monuments of Hong Kong since August 2000. St. Margaret's Girls' College H.K. is a girls college in Hong Kong. It was founded in 1964. St. Paul's Co-educational College was established in 1915 as St. Paul's Girls College. After temporarily merging with St. Paul's College, the school retained its co-educational status. It is one of the first schools to convert to the Direct Subsidy Scheme in 2002, and
11745-417: The day is spent feeding, resting, and travelling. They start the day feeding for two to three hours in the morning. They rest during midday, then travel in the late afternoon. When evening arrives, they prepare their nests for the night. Potential predators of orangutans include tigers , clouded leopards and wild dogs . The most common orangutan parasites are nematodes of the genus Strongyloides and
11880-629: The east wing was added and it was made to the Senior Common Room for Staff in 1974. The name of the building remains unchanged until today and it houses the Department of Music at the present. Old Hall is used to be a residence hall for students. It is divided into three blocks: Lugard Hall, Eliot Hall, and May Hall, which were built in 1913, 1914 and 1915 respectively. All buildings were made of red bricks, three storeys high, with interconnecting stairs and corridors. The university combined
12015-671: The end of the Pleistocene, most likely because of the reduction of forest habitat during the Last Glacial Maximum . Though they may have survived into the Holocene in Cambodia and Vietnam. Orangutans display significant sexual dimorphism ; females typically stand 115 cm (45 in) tall and weigh around 37 kg (82 lb), while adult males stand 137 cm (54 in) tall and weigh 75 kg (165 lb). Compared to humans, they have proportionally long arms,
12150-498: The fitter flanged males, forming pairs with them and benefiting from their protection. Non- ovulating females do not usually resist copulation with unflanged males, as the chance of conception is low. Homosexual behaviour has been recorded in the context of both affiliative and aggressive interactions. Unlike females of other non-human great ape species, orangutans do not exhibit sexual swellings to signal fertility. A female first gives birth around 15 years of age and they have
12285-586: The garden has a collection of over 600 birds, 70 mammals, and 40 reptiles which are housed in about 40 enclosures. The collection includes orangutans , gibbons and other primates; the American flamingo , jaguar and Burmese python can be found here as well. There is an active breeding programme for many of these species, notably the orangutans, gibbons, and lemurs which rarely breed in captivity. The garden keeps for more than 1000 species of inland plant such as conifer, fig, palm, gum trees, and magnolia. Besides,
12420-409: The ground as well as eat shelter tubes from tree trunks. Orangutans also visit the sides of cliffs or earth depressions for their mineral licks . Orangutans may eat soils for their anti-toxic kaolin minerals, since their diet contains toxic tannins and phenolic acids . The social structure of the orangutan can be best described as solitary but social ; they live a more solitary lifestyle than
12555-498: The ground where they are more cumbersome. Unlike gorillas and chimpanzees, orangutans are not true knuckle-walkers , instead bending their digits and walking on the sides of their hands and feet. Compared to their relatives in Borneo, Sumatran orangutans are more slender with paler and longer hair and a longer face. Tapanuli orangutans resemble Sumatran orangutans more than Bornean orangutans in body build and hair colour. They have shaggier hair, smaller skulls, and flatter faces than
12690-413: The group. Social contact facilitates cultural transmission. During a field observation in 2022, a male Sumatran orangutan, known to researchers as Rakus, chewed Fibraurea tinctoria vine leaves and applied the mashed plant material to an open wound on his face. According to primatologists who had been observing Rakus at a nature preserve, "Five days later the facial wound was closed, while within
12825-534: The hill from Central and Admiralty, and next to where the Peak Tram bridge intersects with Kennedy Road. Union Church is an international, interdenominational church which was established in 1844. The first Union Church was built in 1845 on Hollywood Road. And then, in 1866, the church relocated to a new site on Staunton Street. Until 1888, due to the church on the Staunton Street had become very crowded, it
12960-516: The home range of a resident male, who is their main mating partner. Interactions between adult females range from friendly to avoidance to antagonistic. Flanged males are hostile to both other flanged males and unflanged males, while unflanged males are more peaceful towards each other. Orangutans disperse and establish their home ranges by age 11. Females tend to live near their birth range, while males disperse farther but may still visit their birth range within their larger home range. They enter
13095-452: The illegal pet trade . Several conservation and rehabilitation organisations are dedicated to the survival of orangutans in the wild. The name "orangutan" (also written orang-utan, orang utan, orangutang, and ourang-outang ) is derived from the Malay words orang , meaning "person", and hutan , meaning "forest". The locals originally used the term for actual forest-dwelling humans, but
13230-404: The island are also famous for hiking . The northern part of Hong Kong Island, together with Kowloon and Tsuen Wan New Town , forms the core urban area of Hong Kong. Their combined area is approximately 88.3 square kilometres (34.1 square miles) and their combined population is approximately 3,156,500, reflecting a population density of 35,700 people/km (92,000 people/sq mi). The island
13365-676: The most solitary of the great apes: social bonds occur primarily between mothers and their dependent offspring. Fruit is the most important component of an orangutan's diet, but they will also eat vegetation, bark , honey , insects and bird eggs. They can live over 30 years, both in the wild and in captivity. Orangutans are among the most intelligent primates . They use a variety of sophisticated tools and construct elaborate sleeping nests each night from branches and foliage. The apes' learning abilities have been studied extensively. There may be distinctive cultures within populations. Orangutans have been featured in literature and art since at least
13500-428: The musculature of the face. The throat pouches act as resonance chambers for making long calls. Orangutan hands have four long fingers but a dramatically shorter opposable thumb for a strong grip on branches as they travel high in the trees. The resting configuration of the fingers is curved, creating a suspensory hook grip. With the thumb out of the way, the fingers (and hands) can grip securely around objects with
13635-448: The name Pongo by Lacépède in 1799. The populations on the two islands were suggested to be separate species when P. abelii was described by French naturalist René Lesson in 1827. In 2001, P. abelii was confirmed as a full species based on molecular evidence published in 1996, and three distinct populations on Borneo were elevated to subspecies ( P. p. pygmaeus , P. p. morio and P. p. wurmbii ). The description in 2017 of
13770-634: The other districts in Hong Kong. Affluent districts on Hong Kong Island are The Peak , Western Mid-Levels ( Conduit Road / Robinson Road / Magazine Gap Road / Kotewall Road etc.), Eastern Mid-Levels ( Happy Valley / Tai Hang / Jardine's Lookout ), Tai Tam , Deep Water Bay and Repulse Bay . As of 2021, 85% of Hong Kong Island's residents are of Chinese descent. The largest ethnic minority groups are Filipinos (5.6%), Indonesians (2.6%), and White people (2.5%) As of 2021, 80.4% of Hong Kong Island's residents use Cantonese as their usual language, while 10.6% use English and 3.3% use Mandarin . 2.8% of
13905-404: The other great apes. Bornean orangutans are generally more solitary than Sumatran orangutans. Most social bonds occur between adult females and their dependent and weaned offspring. Resident females live with their offspring in defined home ranges that overlap with those of other adult females, which may be their immediate relatives. One to several resident female home ranges are encompassed within
14040-512: The other two species. Orangutans are mainly arboreal and inhabit tropical rainforest , particularly lowland dipterocarp and old secondary forest . Populations are more concentrated near riverside habitats, such as freshwater and peat swamp forest , while drier forests away from the flooded areas have fewer apes. Population density also decreases at higher elevations. Orangutans occasionally enter grasslands, cultivated fields, gardens, young secondary forest , and shallow lakes. Most of
14175-654: The planned North Island line infrastructure project would extend both the Tung Chung line and the Tseung Kwan O line to connect them to each other, forming a route parallel to the middle section of the Island line. Two other rail systems, Hong Kong Tramways and the Peak Tram , also run exclusively on Hong Kong Island. The former runs mostly parallel to the Island line between Kennedy Town and Shau Kei Wan , with
14310-463: The present but has come to be regarded as incorrect . The loss of "h" in hutan and the shift from -ng to -n has been taken to suggest the term entered English through Portuguese . In Malay, the term was first attested in 1840, not as an indigenous name but referring to how the English called the animal. The word ' orangutan ' in modern Malay and Indonesian was borrowed from English or Dutch in
14445-535: The processing of Neesia fruit. The orangutans of Suaq Balimbing were found to be avid users of insect and seed-extraction tools when compared to other wild orangutans. The scientists suggested these differences are cultural as they do not correlate with habitat. The orangutans at Suaq Balimbing are closely spaced and relatively tolerant of each other; this creates favourable conditions for the spreading of new behaviours. Further evidence that highly social orangutans are more likely to exhibit cultural behaviours came from
14580-610: The remaining 347 plots are not subject to the moratorium. In 2008, new restrictions were imposed in the area, capping residential buildings at a maximum of 115 meters in height. Several residential buildings were pre-approved to escape the restriction, including Alassio, Arezzo, the Merry Terrace redevelopment, and the Seymour building. Hong Kong Island Hong Kong Island ( Chinese : 香港島 ; Jyutping : Hoeng1 gong2 dou2 ; Cantonese Yale : Hēunggóng dóu )
14715-458: The residents use Chinese dialects other than Cantonese and Mandarin as their usual language and 2.9% use languages not listed above as their usual language. Seven of the MTR rapid transit system's ten lines service Hong Kong Island. The Island line and South Island line run exclusively on the four districts of Hong Kong Island, with the Island line serving the north shore at 17 stations, and
14850-620: The roads in this area are within walking distance of the Central Business District, which is accessible by the Mid-Levels escalator from Central. Many choices for housing are available, from ultra-luxurious apartments to compact, near-luxury apartments. The costs of these apartments vary considerably according to the size, location, and age of the building. The cost ranges from the high ten million dollars to over five hundred million Hong Kong dollars for an apartment in
14985-436: The same behavioural coding scheme compared the behaviours of the animals from each site. They found each orangutan population used different tools. The evidence suggested the differences were cultural: first, the extent of the differences increased with distance, suggesting cultural diffusion was occurring, and second, the size of the orangutans' cultural repertoire increased according to the amount of social contact present within
15120-546: The shores of the Mainland and seek help from residents of the coastal areas. The ban was lifted when the remnants of the Ming dynasty were exterminated in 1669, though not many original residents of Hong Kong Island returned to the area. Piracy was rampant in the area until the island was ceded to the United Kingdom in 1842. Following the First Opium War (1839–1842), Hong Kong Island was ceded to Great Britain in 1842 under
15255-481: The steep hillside, with names such as "Rose Hill" and "Cringleford", and "Idlewild". Sara Roosevelt , the mother of Franklin D. Roosevelt , lived with her family on Rose Hill from 1862 to 1865 during the American Civil War . The Central–Mid-Levels escalator cuts through the Mid-Levels, from Central to Conduit Road . It allows people to travel quickly between these two places, compared with travelling by
15390-484: The system. Along its use of transporting, it is also a tourist attraction to the many visiting Hong Kong. As of late 2016, around 78,000 pedestrian make their trips using the system. Orangutan Pongo pygmaeus Pongo abelii Pongo tapanuliensis † Pongo hooijeri † Pongo weidenreichi Faunus Oken, 1816 Lophotus Fischer, 1813 Macrobates Billberg, 1828 Satyrus Lesson, 1840 Orangutans are great apes native to
15525-539: The term Pongo for the genus in 1799. Battel's "Pongo", in turn, is from the Kongo word mpongi or other cognates from the region: Lumbu pungu , Vili mpungu , or Yombi yimpungu . The orangutan was first described scientifically in 1758 in the Systema Naturae of Carl Linnaeus as Homo troglodytes . It was renamed Simia pygmaeus in 1760 by his student Christian Emmanuel Hopp and given
15660-530: The third floor of the Peninsula Hotel , thus beginning the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong . Isogai Rensuke became the first Japanese governor of Hong Kong. Hyper-inflation and food rationing followed; and the Japanese declared Hong Kong Dollars illegal. The Japanese enforced a repatriation policy throughout the period of occupation due to the scarcity of food and the possible counter-attack of
15795-623: The three halls and renamed it Old Hall in 1969. The Lugard Hall was demolished in 1991, the Eliot Hall became the Administrative Building and the May Hall is used for the Office for General Education Unit. St. Paul's College is the oldest school in Hong Kong. It was established in 1851 and celebrated its 155th anniversary in 2006. It was merged with St. Paul's Girls' School and formed St. Paul's Co-educational College, and later returned to being
15930-400: The time they are three years old. Construction of a night nest is done by following a sequence of steps. Initially, a suitable tree is located. Orangutans are choosy about sites, though nests can be found in many tree species. To establish a foundation, the ape grabs the large branches under it and bends them so they join. The orangutan then does the same to smaller, leafier branches to create
16065-604: The traditional commercial district of Central. On 1 July 1997, the sovereignty of Hong Kong Island was transferred to the People's Republic of China alongside Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories , ending 156 years of British rule on Hong Kong Island. Despite Hong Kong Island being an island, it is not part of the Islands District . Four districts of Hong Kong are located on the island: Since 2021, Hong Kong Island West and Hong Kong Island East have been
16200-669: The two Legislative Council geographical constituencies in Hong Kong Island. Between 1997 and 2021, Hong Kong Island was one geographical constituency of itself . Between 1995 and 1997 however, Hong Kong Island consisted of four geographical constituencies, with them being Hong Kong Island Central , Hong Kong Island East , Hong Kong Island South and Hong Kong Island West . In the previous council from 1991 to 1995 , Hong Kong Island consisted of two geographical constituencies, Hong Kong Island West and Hong Kong Island East , similar to current arrangements. Hong Kong Island
16335-474: The visiting tourists. The Chinese Teahouse, which is a part of the museum, holds serving tea demonstrations regularly. The Hong Kong Visual Arts Centre is located at Kennedy Road in Central, with the main aim of supporting local art creation. The centre was restructured from an early 20th-century building (Cassels Block, former barracks for married British officers) to provide an arena and facilities for local artists. The University Museum and Art Gallery (UMAG)
16470-579: The wild indicate that flanged male orangutans plan their movements in advance and signal them to other individuals. Experiments have also suggested that orangutans can communicate about things that are not present : mother orangutans remain silent in the presence of a perceived threat but when it passes, the mother produces an alarm call to their offspring to teach them about the danger. Orangutans and other great apes show laughter -like vocalisations in response to physical contact such as wrestling, play chasing or tickling. This suggests that laughter derived from
16605-401: The winding roads up the mountain. At 800 metres (2,600 ft), it is the longest outdoor escalator in the world. It was opened on 15 October 1993. The escalator runs downhill from 6 am to 10 am and uphill from 10:30 am to midnight every day. Pedestrians travelling in the opposite direction make use of the adjacent stairs and footpaths. Apart from its transportation function, it is
16740-612: The word urangutan refers only to the apes and not forest-dwelling humans. The word is not originally Javanese, but was borrowed from an early Malayic language at least a thousand years ago. Hence the ultimate origin of the term "orangutan" as denoting the Pongo ape was most likely Old Malay . In Western sources, the first printed attestation of the word for the apes is in Dutch physician Jacobus Bontius ' 1631 Historiae naturalis et medicae Indiae orientalis . He reported that Malays claimed
16875-608: The word underwent a semantic extension to include apes of the Pongo genus at an early stage in the development of Malay. The word orangutan appears in its older form, urangutan , in a variety of premodern sources in the Old Javanese language. The earliest of these is the Kakawin Ramayana , a ninth- or early tenth-century Javanese adaption of the Sanskrit Ramayana . In these Old Javanese texts,
17010-550: The world. It is located on the northern slope of Victoria Peak and has been opened to the public since 1862. In 1871, it was officially renamed to Botanical Gardens, and in 1975, the name was changed again to Hong Kong Zoological and Botanical Gardens. This venerable park was previously named Bing Tao Garden , meaning the Chief Commander's Garden. It was then linked to the garden of the Government House. In 1941,
17145-455: The world. It was opened in 1993 with the initiative of providing relief to traffic in the Mid-Levels . It travels from Queen's Road Central to Conduit Road , with the total horizontal distance being over 800 m (2,600 ft) and total vertical distance being over 135 m (443 ft). It consists of covered walkways, 16 reversible one-way escalators and 3 reversible one-way travelators. Restaurants, bars and shops can be found alongside
17280-595: Was also found in an experimental study of captive orangutans. Orangutans have been observed to use sticks to poke at catfish, causing them to leap out of the water so the orangutan can grab them. Orangutan have also been documented to keep tools for later. When building a nest, orangutans appear to be able to determine which branches would better support their body weight. Primatologist Carel P. van Schaik and biological anthropologist Cheryl D. Knott further investigated tool use in different wild orangutan populations. They compared geographic variations in tool use related to
17415-401: Was completed in 1912 at Pok Fu Lam Road. It is made of red bricks and granite and has four turrets with a central clock tower. The clock tower was donated by Sir Paul Chater. The central Great Hall of Main Building is named after the wealthy businessman Lok Yew. During the Second World War , the entire building was damaged but was later repaired. In 1952, two more courtyards were built south of
17550-515: Was established in 1901. It acquired 97 Caine Road in February 2015 for expansion purposes. The London Mission Building [ zh ] is at 78–80 Robinson Road. 39 Conduit Road is a residential property developed by Henderson Land Development . Soon after the development was launched in October 2009, the developer claimed to have sold a five-bedroom duplex flat, on the "68th floor" of
17685-577: Was founded by the London Missionary Society in 1888 and was located at 75 Hollywood Road. Sun Yat-sen attended this church while he studied medicine in Hong Kong College of Medicine for Chinese ( 香港華人西醫書院 ). Fung-Chi Au (區鳳墀, 1847–1914), who was Sun's teacher of Chinese literature and secretary of the Hong Kong Department of Chinese Affairs ( 香港華民政務司署總書記 ), was an elder of this church. Due to its growth, this church erected
17820-509: Was from Java where the apes were not known to be from) but to humans suffering some serious medical condition (most likely cretinism ) and that his use of the word was misunderstood by Nicolaes Tulp , who was the first to use the term in a publication a decade later. The word was first attested in English in 1693 by physician John Bulwer in the form Orang-Outang , and variants ending with -ng are found in many languages. This spelling (and pronunciation) has remained in use in English up to
17955-446: Was moved to the current site on Kennedy Road. Union Church has a long history and during World War II , it was forced to be closed owing to the invasion of the Japanese. On 16 March 2014, the members decided to demolish the church and redevelop its prime real-estate site. The church was finally demolished in 2017. The new church building should be finished towards the end of 2022. To Tsai Church (道濟會堂, also known as Daoji Mission House)
18090-505: Was observed by primatologist Birutė Galdikas in ex-captive populations. Orangutans in Suaq Balimbing were recorded to develop a tool kit for use in foraging which consisted of both insect-extraction sticks for use in the hollows of trees and seed-extraction sticks for harvesting seeds from hard-husked fruit. The orangutans adjusted their tools according to the task at hand, and preference was given to oral tool use. This preference
18225-535: Was previously known as Saiyingpun Anglo-Chinese School in 1879. The British used the school as the quarters and hospital for the British Shanghai Defence Force soon after it opened. In 1928, it was reverted to a school but was turned into a stable in 1941 by the Japanese. It became a school again in 1950 and has remained a government school since then. King's College has been a 'declared monument' of Hong Kong since 2011. Raimondi College
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