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79-483: The town had a population of 8,638 in 2011, of which 4,386 lived in the urban settlement. In 1991 it was made the capital of the county for its location in the geographical centre of the Istrian peninsula and in order to boost the development of its interior territories. Pazin was built in an area rich in history and inhabited since ancient times. The burg surrounding the castle was inhabited since prehistory . Some of

158-719: A field of combat, they could face the enemy first and fight melee. In some Ottoman campaigns, such as the Battle of Krbava field , Akinji forces were the only units utilized without any need for Ottoman heavy cavalry or infantry. Because of their mobility akinji were also used for reconnaissance and as a vanguard force to terrorize the local population before the advance of the main Ottoman forces. Since they were irregular militia, they were not bound by peace treaties, so they could raid border villages and attack enemy garrisons, fortresses and border posts during peacetime, constantly harassing

237-681: A large autochthonous Romance language speaking community consisting of Venetian dialects , Istriot and Istro-Romanian along with Italian , plus various local Slavic dialects , some of which were likewise unique to Istria. Today, apart from the local dialects and official Croatian , one still finds in this region a small community of people, the Istro-Romanians , who speak Istro-Romanian , closely related to Romanian , other districts where Venetian dialects and Istriot are still spoken. Due to its traditional bond with Europe and its level of international integration, in 1994 Istria County

316-510: A popular subject in Ottoman folk literature and music . Serhad Türküleri (Border Folk Songs) is a subcategory of Ottoman folk music dealing mostly with akinji raids and battles or love affairs of akinji warriors, sometimes odes to fallen warriors. Alişimin Kaşları Kara (My Little Ali Has Black Eyebrows), and Estergon Kalesi (Castle of Esztergom) are some of the most popular examples. In

395-533: A suitable area for the new building, but the then Austrian appointed podestà, a Croatian, opposed the purchase. The giunta provinciale intervened, voiding the decision of the podestà. The new school was opened in 1902, and before it was completed it was visited by Gabriele D'Annunzio , who was surprised by the Italian population, writing to his friend Francesco Salata : In Pisino - remember? - on that savage slope, so thick with vigorous and impregnable roots, we see

474-551: Is a summer breeze blowing from the inland to the sea. The salinity of the sea water is 0.37%. According to the 2021 census the total population of Istria County is 195,794 which amounts to approxmiately 4.8% of Croatia's entire population. The county's population density is approximately 70 inhabitants per km with an average age of 45 years. Istria county is administratively subdivided into 41 local units of government - 10 of these are officially designated as cities/towns and 31 are largely rural municipalities. More than 70 percent of

553-1033: Is adequate rainfall year-round. The Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate is " Cfb ". (Marine West Coast Climate). Bjelovar , Bjelovar-Bilogora Slavonski Brod , Brod-Posavina Dubrovnik , Dubrovnik-Neretva Pazin , Istria Karlovac , Karlovac Koprivnica , Koprivnica-Križevci Krapina , Krapina-Zagorje Gospić , Lika-Senj Čakovec , Međimurje Osijek , Osijek-Baranja Požega , Požega-Slavonia Rijeka , Primorje-Gorski Kotar Sisak , Sisak-Moslavina Split , Split-Dalmatia Šibenik , Šibenik-Knin Varaždin , Varaždin Virovitica , Virovitica-Podravina Vukovar , Vukovar-Srijem Zadar , Zadar Zagreb , Zagreb Istria County Istria County ( / ˈ ɪ s t r i ə / ; Croatian : Istarska županija ; Italian : Regione istriana , lit. "Istrian Region")

632-511: Is an extension of the Dinaric Alps . The highest point is Vojak on Učka mountain 1,401 m (4,596.46 ft) above sea level and there is another range of mountains, the Ćićarija . There are so called "bijela", "siva", and "crvena" Istra (white, grey and red Istria). White Istria is around the mountain peaks, Grey Istria is the fertile inner lands while Red Istria is the blood-red painted lands of terra rossa or "crljenica" near

711-443: Is being given to agriculture and the production of ecologic food, the wine and olive growing. Historically cultivated local wine varieties include Malvasia (white) and Teran (red). Istrian olive growers are being included in the first international extra virgin olive oil guide Flos Olei since 2000s, with Istria being both second and then first in the world by number of the included olive growers for 8 years respectively. Istria

790-706: Is callen the " Istrian Y ". A8 motorway connects the county to the rest of Croatia from Matulji ( A7 / further A6 ) interchange through Učka Tunnel to Kanfanar interchange , and A9 motorway connects Pula via Kanfanar to Umag , connecting the county to Slovenian Istria and further to Italy. The only significant airport with scheduled commercial service is Pula Airport . Large majority of flights are only seasonal. Well-developed are processing industry , with traditional agriculture , sea fishing and growing, construction and production of construction materials ( lime , cement , brick, stone), trade and transport . Most developed branches of industry are shipbuilding (In

869-495: Is the westernmost county of Croatia which includes the majority of the Istrian peninsula. Administrative centers in the county are Pazin , Pula and Poreč . Istria County has the largest Italian-speaking population in Croatia . It borders Slovenia . The caves near Pula (in latinium Pietas Julia ), Lim bay , Šandalja , and Roumald's cave , house Stone Age archaeological remains. Less ancient Stone Age sites, from

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948-718: The Diet of Istria bought time until they received assurance that a Croatian gymnasium would also be opened. In 1899, by order of the Austrian government, the first Croatian gymnasium of Pazin was to be set up, which caused a "manifestation of Italianness" throughout the Julian March . There were manifestations throughout Istria and Trieste, which caused the diet to decree that also the Italian school would be opened in 1899. The Italian Gymnasium of Pazin prospered, and its initial premises became too small. The consiglio comunale spotted

1027-589: The Istrian–Dalmatian exodus . With the collapse of Communist Yugoslavia Istria became part of an independent Croatia and the region saw no fighting in the ensuing war . Today it is one of the most economically developed parts of Croatia. Currently, some people ask for a higher degree of autonomy for the county. This is part of the Istrian regionalist movement . Personalities like Robert Koch and writer James Joyce lived and worked in Istria. Writer Jules Verne

1106-565: The Mirna is only 32 km (20 mi) long and its mouth is near Novigrad . Other rivers that pass through Istria include the Dragonja River and the Raša River . The continental plains and valleys are primarily utilized for agriculture, such as growing cereals and vegetables. Closer to the sea, red lands are used for cultivation of grapes , vine , olives, and figs . Agriculture and

1185-581: The Ottoman Empire 's military . When the pre-existing Turkish ghazis were incorporated into the Ottoman Empire's military they became known as "akıncı." Unpaid, they lived and operated as raiders on the frontiers of the Ottoman Empire, subsisting on plunder. In German sources these troops were called Renner und Brenner (English: "Runner and burner"). There is a distinction made between "akıncı" and " deli " cavalry. In war their main role

1264-685: The Primorje-Gorski Kotar County of Croatia. Mirroring the bay of Venice across the Adriatic and the Quarnaro Gulf , the region is not far from the Julian Alps . The westernmost point is at Savudrija while the southernmost is near Premantura , on the local promontory of Kamenjak. The terrain consists of a limestone plateau much of which lacks water owing to its karst topography . The northeastern section

1343-628: The Republic of Venice . It remained under Venetian rule until 1509. During its time under the Serenissima , Francesco Loredan was the castellan of the fortress, while Secondo de Cà Pesaro served in the position of captain of Pazin, as provveditore of the Republic of Venice. Slavs inhabited the countryside around Pazin since the 9th century; they worked for the German landowners, who lived in

1422-456: The foiba of Villa Surani; the principal of the school and rector of the boarding school, Vitale Berardinelli, and professor Antonio Natoli were killed by Yugoslav fleeing forces. After the Germans reoccupied the city, lessons restarted in the boarding school, which was shared with the German soldiers. The latter eventually evicted the school, which was again relocated to a private house. After

1501-526: The 14th to 16th centuries, it began to decline after the 16th century. Starting with 16th-17th century nomadic Tatar and Nogay cavalry from the Crimean Khanate also served as akinjis for the Ottoman Empire. After the Ottoman advance in Europe stopped, akinji warriors became unnecessary and without the economy of booty this warrior class slowly faded away. After the modernization of the Ottoman army,

1580-533: The 16th century. The Castle was bombed and badly damaged during World War II together with the Italian Gymnasium. Today, its ruins are still visible. According to the 2021 census, its population was 8,279, with 3,981 living in the town proper. At the 2011 census it was 8,638 and 4,386 respectively. The town's administrative area consists of 18 settlements with their respective populations: Climate in this area has high diurnal variations, and there

1659-476: The 18th and 19th. It has been a museum since the end of World War II . The Pazin ponor ( Pazinska jama/Foiba ) located under the castle was partially explored by Édouard-Alfred Martel in 1896 and is the best example of karst hydrography and morphology in Istria. Castle and a gorge inspired Jules Verne for the novel Mathias Sandorf of 1885. Pazin was also home to the Rapicio Castle , built in

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1738-580: The County of Pazin as well as the Pazin county, which was a Roman fortification, and where numerous Roman archaeological finds were uncovered. The areas of Pazin, Draguć (Draguccio), Buzet (Pinguente) and Roč (Rozzo, an important Roman castrum since the 2nd century BC) are rich in Roman finds. The current settlement of Pazin originated with the houses built around a castle erected by Germanic rulers. These were

1817-460: The Danube, was apparently gradually replaced by new irregular corps, such as the "deli" and "bashi-bozouk". The Akinji have migrated across the world, and created the surname "Akunjee", which you may find little to no people with this surname. Most of the small group of Akunjees have moved to parts of Asia. Akinji's lifestyle with battles was a romantic fantasy for the public. Therefore, akinjis were

1896-783: The Istria County while Czechs , Hungarians , Macedonians and Ukrainians of Croatia elected individual representatives with German , Russian and Slovak representatives remained unelected due to the lack of candidates. Numerous municipalities, towns or cities in the county elected their own local minority councils as well. 45°14′21″N 13°56′19″E  /  45.23917°N 13.93861°E  / 45.23917; 13.93861 Akinji Akinji or akindji ( Ottoman Turkish : آقنجى , romanized :  aḳıncı , lit.   'raider', IPA: [akɯnˈdʒɯ] ; plural: akıncılar ) were irregular light cavalry , scout divisions (deli) and advance troops of

1975-488: The Jesuit college of Trieste, Giacomo Rampelli , was himself from Pazin. In 1836, the first middle school in Pazin was opened. It operated until 1890 when it was moved to Pola (Pula). Teaching in the gymnasium of Pazin was only in the German language. In 1872, the Pazin deputy Francesco Costantini obtained, after long insistence, that also a lower gymnasium with the Italian language would be opened. Slavic parliamentarians of

2054-681: The Pola and Parenzo (Poreč) areas. In the area surrounding Pazin, there is a very old presence of Croatized Romanians ( Vlachs ). They are recorded as early as 1102 in Moncalvo di Pisino . In the 16th and 17th centuries, the Austrians brought to the County of Pazin many families of Morlachs , especially after the Treaty of Madrid , which ended the Uskok War . As with the other Istrian counties,

2133-493: The Treaty of Paris in 1947. In September 1943, Pazin was attacked and bombarded by Yugoslav Partisans , and subsequently became part of modern-day Croatia. Public education was neglected until the 16th century, when some priests started to teach the basics of Latin to the children of the local nobles and the bourgeoisie . Thereafter, the Pazin comune started to hire an Italian tutor ( precettore italiano ), who had also to serve as

2212-620: The Yugoslav partisans entered the city in May 1945, one of their first actions was evicting the school from that private house. It was then relocated to another house. Pisino was then in ruin, but it was decided to restart the school in the boarding school, which was now inhabited by the Croatian clerics, who opposed this. Thanks to the mediation of Italian bishop Santin , the school was successfully restarted there. A sanitary commission then visited

2291-557: The battlefield, and one in prison. In 1918, after the Bersaglieri entered the city, works to reopen the school, now dilapidated, were started. It was named after Gian Rinaldo Carli since 1919. The building was further enlarged in 1926 and ten years later the boarding school Fabio Filzi was completed. The school was attended by students from all over Istria, notably Luigi Dallapiccola , Biagio Marin , Pierantonio Quarantotti Gambini , Mario and Licio Visintini , and Dario Leaone,

2370-403: The battlefield. The school was evicted in 1915 and had to resettle in a private house. There were then the first political persecutions, with the arrest of one student and his family and the internment in concentration camp of a professor. It was eventually closed down by the Austrian authorities in 1916. Thirty-tree students of the gymnasium voluntarily participated in the war, four of whom died on

2449-576: The city on this and other occasions". The Italians kept in Pazin the headquarters of the Società politica istriana ("Istrian Political Society"). Until 1918, the town (under the name Pisino) was part of the Austrian monarchy (Austrian side after the compromise of 1867 ), seat of the district of the same name, one of the 11 Bezirkshauptmannschaften in the Austrian Littoral province. In

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2528-482: The coastline. Sites such as the Grotto of Baredine near Poreč, the underground river Pazinčica , and the karst Pazin pit (Pazinska jama) near Pazin are geologic attractions. The Limski Kanal is the only structure resembling a fjord in continental Europe outside of Scandinavia (though actually it is not a fjord, but a ria ). The quarry near Rovinj has been designed for studying geology. The longest river,

2607-534: The confirmation, or captain investment. His coadiutori (literally, coadjutors, collaborators) were usually called the giudici rettori . A public notary with Imperial authority acted as chancellor of the comune, stipulating its acts and contracts. In 1890, through an artificial formation of the comune, the Austrian government was able to make the municipio fall to the Slavs, but the Italians "passionately defended

2686-472: The county's population lives in these ten urban areas: There are also 31 municipalities: Besides official Croatian, the Chakavian dialect of Croatian is often in use, as in most coastal counties. Italian is also recognized in the county as an official language. In 2021 the population was 195,237 and the main ethnic groups were as follows: Before World War I and until World War II, Istria contained

2765-422: The day and cooler near the evening, although strange heat wave patterns are common. The weather ranges from humid to dry with over 10 hours of sunshine daily. Primarily, there is a lot of moisture in the air especially in the coastal towns of Istra such as Poreč, Vrsar, Rovinj, Pula, and others. Temperatures above 10 °C last for more than 240 days a year. Excessive heat (above 30 °C) lasts for three weeks at

2844-405: The early 1970s its Uljanik shipyard was building the biggest ships in the world as Berge Adria and others), metal processing, wood industry, furniture industry, automotive components industry, electric machines and appliances industry, glass, plastic, textile, tobacco industry. According to economic indicators, the leading activities are processing industry, tourism, and trade. Great attention

2923-407: The enemy and checking the weak spots on the rival country's defences. They would also attack trading routes to cut enemy's supply and transportation. Akinji forces were led by certain families. Well-known akinji families were Malkoçoğlu , Turhanlı , Ömerli , Evrenosoğlu , and Mihalli . These akinji clans were mainly composed of Turkmen tribal warriors with a leading dynasty which descended from

3002-520: The fact that some plans to build railroad tunnel through Učka mountain date from decades ago, there are no projections about financing and works are not scheduled to start any time soon. The connection to the rest of Croatian rail network is by HŽ national railways' bus service from the Lupoglav junction to the Rijeka Station via Učka road tunnel Croatian Istria County's highway system

3081-593: The geographer Strabo lived in the region. Romans described them as pirates who were hard to conquer due to the difficulty of navigating the territory. After two military campaigns, Roman legions finally subdued them in 177 BC. With the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476, Istria was conquered by the Goths and then by the Byzantines . During Byzantine rule, it was shortly ruled by Avars. Istria

3160-447: The highest and most effective form of modern intellectual heroism, the struggle for culture, expand throughout a whole people. We feel with a proud and unanimous heartbeat the right of the great, manifold, transfiguring Latin civilization against the barbaric abuse The Italian gymnasium suffered during World War I , being requisitioned from August 1914 to October of that year. Three of its professors were called to arms, one of whom died on

3239-399: The houses of the family relatives and feudal settlers, to which were later added those of the foreign artisans , who offered their services to the lords of the castle as well as their employees and subjects. Thus a little burg was born, which was greatly developed when Pazin was enfeoffed to the bishops of Parenzo ( Poreč ) and the town became the capital and center of the County of Pazin. Thus

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3318-521: The last few officially recognized akinji clans were abolished. Still, last remnants of akinji system existed till late 19th century in the Balkan provinces as the bashi-bozouk (irregular) warriors. Although the terminology differentiating between similar types of Ottoman cavalry corps is not fully clarified, the akinji, once decimated in the battle of Giurgiu in October 1595 as they were retreating over

3397-477: The local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Albanians , Bosniaks , Montenegrins (electing 22 members), Roma , Slovenes (electing 24 members), Serbs and Italians of Croatia each fulfilled legal requirements to elect 25 members minority councils of

3476-516: The most diverse vegetation and olive groves. Protected from the north by the mountain chain of Alps as well the inner highland, the climate is borderline Mediterranean and humid subtropical with wetter winters and drier summers, but not completely dry. Overall a very pleasant climate with the highest air temperature averaging 24 °C during August, and the lowest air temperature averaging 5 °C in January. Summers are usually warm during

3555-621: The most. Despite air temperatures being lower than those in Dalmatia , the Adriatic Sea is warmer reaching up to 26 °C in August, coldest in March, (9-11 °C), while the freezing even in small, shallow bays is quite rare. There are two kinds of winds - the bora is bringing cold and clear weather from the north in winters, and the southern jugo bringing rain in summer. The maestral

3634-575: The notary and diplomatic language of Pazin remained Latin , in preference to the German language . The Istrian Demarcation ( Razvod istarski ) was written in 1325 in Croatian and in the Glagolitic script. Beside this debated document, there is only one document written in Croatian , a borders act between Cosliacco ( Kožljak ) and Moschienizze (Draga di Moschiena, Mošćenička Draga ), which, however,

3713-578: The organist of the Church of San Nicolò. The young Pazin students who wanted to pursue their studies in the humanities or philosophy would then move to Trieste or Fiume (Rijeka), where they would study in the local Jesuit colleges. Those who then wanted to continue with higher studies would often go to Padua . Between 1646 and 1766, 73 youngsters from the County of Pazin attended the Jesuit college in Trieste, 41 of whom were from Pazin proper. The rector of

3792-621: The people of Vermo later claiming to have captured and killed all the members of a band of Turkish raiders ( akindjis ). Both the Turks and the Venetians attacked the town of Draguccio (Draguć), in the Pisinese , and part of the County of Pazin since 1350, and destroyed the settlement around its castle during Austrian times. After the little town passed to Venice, the Uskoks and Austrians gave it

3871-482: The period between 6000 and 2000 BC can also be found in the area. More than 400 locations are classified as Bronze Age (1800–1000 BC) items. Numerous findings including weapons , tools , and jewelry ) which are from the earlier iron era around the beginning of common era . The Istrian peninsula was known to Romans as the terra magica . Its name is derived from the Histri , an Illyrian tribe who as accounted by

3950-522: The production of ecological food, the olive gardens, and the production of quality wines is the focus of Istria's agriculture sector . The coastline and nearby islands are rich in the maquis shrubland (mostly holm oak and strawberry tree ). Woods, mostly oak and pine trees, cover a third of the territory. The Brijuni national park and the Učka nature park are well-known natural reservations and legally protected landscapes. This mountain range feeds

4029-550: The railway between Divača , (in today's Slovenia ) and Pula, (122 km (76 mi) long with 21 km (13 mi) long branch Kanfanar - Rovinj), was opened. Despite numerous initiatives, the western parts of Istria have been connected with the railroad only in 1902, with construction of the Parenzana narrow-gauge railway. The 123.1 km (76 mi) long railway, was dismantled in 1935. To this day, Istria County's rail connections are only towards Slovenia , and despite

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4108-465: The region prospered. The major Istrian cities were reborn under Venetian government; it was in this half millennium that they developed architecturally and culturally. The eastern half of Istria was administered by the Habsburgs, and was referred to as "Imperial Istria" with its capital at Pisino (German: Mitterburg). In 1797, with the Treaty of Campo Formio written by Napoleon , the peninsula with

4187-538: The rivers and lakes from eastern Istria to the Raša river in the Labinština peninsula. Other interesting localities are Lim Bay , the wood near Motovun , park woods Zlatni Rt and Šijana near Pula, the protected landscape of Kamenjak in the extreme south of Istria, and the reservation Palud with an ornithology near Rovinj . The Brijuni archipelago is an interesting habitat of about 680 plant species and also decorated by

4266-595: The same treatment. In 1501, the Turks encamped in the vicinity of Lindar. In the 19th century, the place where they encamped was still known as the Monte dei Turchi ("Mount of the Turks"). The last Ottoman incursion in Istria occurred in Pazin in 1511. On this occasion, they destroyed the castle. In 1508, during the War of the League of Cambrai , the city was conquered by Venetian forces under Bartolomeo d'Alviano , and annexed by

4345-603: The same year, Pazin and all the Peninsula of Istria were transferred to the Kingdom of Italy . Benito Mussolini , then, introduced a fascist regime in Italy which, under the "Duce", began to Italianize the region. There were already many speakers of Italian and Istro-veneto in Pazin. In fact, Pazin was a very multicultural and multilingual town due to its location. Most of Istria became part of Yugoslavia after World War II with

4424-417: The school, evicting it again, and themselves leaving the building in deplorable condition when they departed. The Italians cleaned the school and lessons were restarted, but an exhibition of the Croatian civilization was organized there and the school had to be closed again. It was then moved to the infirmary in the back of the boarding school. The school was later allowed to move back to the previous room, where

4503-539: The seat to a regional Parliament in the Austro-Hungarian Empire was in Parenzo (today: Poreč). After World War I, according to the peace treaty of Rapallo Istria became part of Italy in 1920. Fascism and later Nazi occupation spoiled otherwise tolerant ethnic relations in the area. After World War II Istria was assigned to Yugoslavia and many ethnic Italians ( Istrian Italians ) left in

4582-523: The small burg increased its population, both with commoners and nobles, who embellished it with new buildings, such as the hospice founded by Giovanni Mosconi, then the captain of Pazin. Pazin was first mentioned as Castrum Pisinum in a 983 deed regarding a donation by Emperor Otto II to the Diocese of Poreč . It then belonged to the Imperial March of Istria , which had originally been under

4661-425: The small fortresses and rocks, built on the edges of the cliffs. The Italians of Pisino trace their origins to the pre-existing Roman community living in the area of the County of Pazin, having resisted the expansion and assimilation of the newcomers. The Italian ethnicity in the County of Pazin was also kept alive and powered by the continuous contact and relationships with the nearby and strictly Italian communities of

4740-476: The soup-kitchen waqf of the Sultan in Üsküdar . Since akinjis were seen as irregular militia, they did not have regular salaries as kapikulu soldiers, or fiefs like timarli soldiers; their only income was the booty that they captured. The Akinji system had an important role at the establishment of the empire and fast expansion of Ottoman territories in Europe. Though the akinji system worked excellently from

4819-484: The students had to put up without heating in the winter. In February, the rector Stefani was arrested in his home, brought to Albona ( Labin ) and then Abbazia ( Opatija ), where he miraculously managed to escape. The school was definitively closed in the summer of 1946. The current town was mostly built beneath the medieval fortress. The present-day Pazin Castle was rebuilt in the 15th and 16th century and disassembled in

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4898-452: The surrounding areas were invaded multiple times by the Turks . These attacks intensified in the 1460s and 1470s. In 1463, Ivan Frankopan devastated Cerovlje and Zarečje before heading to the castle of Pazin. Eventually, however, he did not attack it, heading instead to the less protected Kašćerga and Sovinjak. In 1476 the Turks struck the heartland of the towns of Pazin and Vermo (Beram), with

4977-454: The surrounding rural settlements, such as Glavizza, Vermo , which features a necropolis dating from the 7th to 5th century BC, and the castellieri of Bertossi, likewise inhabited since prehistoric times, developed into urban centers, while others became burgs around newly built castles, and others still remained rural villages. Just to its southeast lie Gallignana ( Gračišče ), castrum Callinianum in Roman times, and Pedena ( Pićan ), which

5056-695: The suzerainty of the newly established Duchy of Carinthia in 976, but separated together with the March of Carniola in 1040. In the 12th century, Mitterburg Castle was in possession of the Lower Carniolan count Meinhard of Schwarzenburg, who held the office of a vogt of the Poreč bishops (in Latin documents he is known as Cernogradus ), and established the Pazin County (earldom). Upon his death, Pazin

5135-419: The tourist infrastructure and to accentuate its importance. In combination with the natural environment, history and cultural heritage , investments resulted in developed and competitive service all along the western coast in Poreč, Pula, Rovinj, Umag, Novigrad, and Vrsar. One growing trend among the centrally located cities, especially Kanfanar , is agritourism . Beginning with La Casa di Matiki in 1994 after

5214-443: The war, a number of eccentric agritouristic Bed and Breakfasts have sprung up in central Istria, providing opportunities for individuals, couples, and families to experience a very authentic Istrian experience while learning about the Istrian agricultural lifestyle. In the eastern part, as part of another county, there are resorts like Rabac , Opatija . Istria was and still is the most important tourist destination in Croatia, hosting

5293-506: The warrior ghazis of the first Ottoman ruler Osman I . Adventurers, soldiers of fortune, mercenaries, warrior dervishes, and civilians looking for fortune and adventure would also join the ranks of akinji gangs. Akindjis were gathered from mostly the Muslim population just as Devshirme was from the Christian population. However, there were exemptions for villages that were waqf lands. For example, in 1573, some villages in Filibe were exempted from giving akındjıs, since they were owned by

5372-458: The western and central European visitors, mostly from Germany, Slovenia, Austria and Italy. Area is the most visited tourist region with 27% of all visitors and 35% of time spent in all of Croatia. The current Prefect of Istria County is Boris Miletić ( Ind. ). The county assembly is composed of 41 representatives from the following political parties: Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for

5451-653: The whole Republic of Venice passed to the Habsburgs of Austria. The Treaty of Pressburg in 1805 handed Istria to the Kingdom of Italy. The Treaty of Schönbrunn in 1809 transferred Istria to France. In 1815, the Congress of Vienna confirmed Austria's possession on the Northern Adriatic Sea along with Istria . Regional guvernative units were formed in Gorizia (Gorizia county), Trieste (Istrian area), and Rijeka ( Pazin county and Kvarner Gulf ). From 1849 they were united in Austrian Littoral . The free port of Trieste presented an individual guvernative unit outside of other guvernative areas. Starting in 1861 until 1918/1920

5530-424: The youngest victim of the foibe massacres . It produced many students who fought for Italy in various wars. It was bombed during World War II, on 4 October 1943, and finally dismantled in 1946, with the demolition of the structure. Its rector Eros Luginbuhl was killed in Spalato ( Split ) by the partisans, while professor Teresita Bonicelli tragically disappeared. Teacher Norma Cossetto was tortured and infoibed in

5609-439: Was annexed by the Lombards in 751, by the Avars in 774, by the Franks during the reign of Charlemagne in 789, and successively controlled by various dukes, ( Carinthia , Merano , Bavaria ). Later it was run by the patriarchs of Aquileia . In 1267 the Republic of Venice annexed the western and southern coast of the Istrian peninsula because of the strong presence of the autochthonous Italian community; during this period

5688-566: Was declared world's best olive oil region by this guide for 8 years in a row (2017-2024). Organized tourism in Istria goes back to the Romans, when emperor Vespasian , for the entertainment of that time, built the Pula Arena . During the reign of Austro-Hungarian Empire in (1866), Austrian and Hungarian royalty and aristocracy started visiting local resorts and discovered Poreč. Significant efforts were made after World War II to develop

5767-509: Was inherited by his son-in-law Count Engelbert III of Gorizia (Görz) in 1186. While most of Istria had gradually been annexed by Venice , Engelbert's descendant Count Albert III of Gorizia in 1374 bequested his Mitterburg estates to the Austrian House of Habsburg , who attached them to their Duchy of Carniola and gave it out in fief to various families, the last of which was the comital House of Montecuccoli from 1766. Pazin and

5846-459: Was inspired to write his novel Mathias Sandorf after hearing of the quarry and cave in Pazin and the poet Dante Alighieri visited and wrote a few lines about Istria. Racing drivers Mario Andretti and Aldo Andretti were born in Montona in Istria. Its coastline is 445 km (277 mi) long with islands making up 539.9 km (335 mi). A smaller part of Istria also belongs to

5925-420: Was settled by the Histri , and then became a strategically important Roman military settlement under the name Petina . Some historians also link it to Pucinium , an unidentified fortification in central Istria, whose wine was famous even at the Roman court, with Livia , wife of Emperor Augustus , believing that her longevity was due to it. Just to the north of Pazin lies Draguccio ( Draguć ), formerly part of

6004-434: Was still marginally used up to the 16th century, was used ever less, and finally disappeared in the 17th century. By 1500, the city of Pazin, with a population of around 1500 people, was a small center of Italian life. The head of the comune, and elected representative, did not bear the title of zupano ( župan ), but that of gastaldo . He was elected by the twelve counselors of the so-called Banca , and to operate needed

6083-714: Was the first Croatian region to become a member of the Assembly of European Regions . Istria is well connected with the rest of Croatia and Europe. Due to its connection with a wider European area, road development suitably covers all needs and contributes to a balanced development of the coastal area and the Istrian interior. Initially, the need for railroads in Istria was based upon fast development of industrial activities; shipbuilding , construction material, machine and electric industries, as well as Austrian military interests. After Vienna and Trieste were connected in 1876,

6162-571: Was to act as advance troops on the front lines and demoralise the marching opposing army by using guerrilla tactics, and to put them in a state of confusion and shock. They could be likened to a scythe in a wheat field. They would basically hit the enemy with arrows . When attacked in melee , they would retreat while still shooting backwards. They could easily outrun heavy cavalry because they were lightly armed and their horses were bred for speed as opposed to strength. Akinji forces carried swords, lances, shields, battle axes and maces as well, so that in

6241-546: Was written in Croatian to please to chieftains of the Moschienizze area, subjects of the lords of Castua ( Kastav ), who didn't understand Latin. The only official language of the public and private documents of the County of Pazin was Latin, which in the 17th century was replaced by the Italian language . Even the acts and the registers from the captain administration were written in Latin, and then in Italian; German, which

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