31-559: The Prakasam Barrage stretches 1223.5 m across the Krishna River connecting Vijayawada and Guntur districts in Andhra Pradesh , India . The barrage serves also as a road bridge and spans over a lake. The three canals associated with the barrage run through the city of Vijayawada , crossing it and giving it a Venetian appearance. The idea of constructing a dam across the river Krishna dates back to 1798. It began in
62-448: A large stone structure constructed across Krishna River bank, also known as Krishna Ghat. This structure also includes one large and one small temple constructed in the middle of the river. This structure is believed to be constructed in 1779. The Krishna River is spanned by several bridges along its course, some of which are listed below. In October 2009, heavy floods occurred, isolating 350 villages and leaving millions homeless, which
93-741: Is a tributary of the Krishna River and flows through the state of Karnataka in India . It rises in the Western Ghats at an elevation of 792.4 m (2,600 ft) in the state's Belagavi district . The river joins Krishna River at Kudalasangama in Bagalkot district . Malaprabha River originates in the Sahyadri mountains at an elevation of 792.4 metres (2,600 ft) at Kanakumbi village 16 km (9.9 mi) west of Jamboti village, Khanapur taluka, Belgaum District , Karnataka . At
124-473: Is applicable for sharing the water available in the river among the riparian states. The Brijesh Kumar tribunal award given on 29 November 2013 was challenged by Andhra Pradesh in the Supreme Court and the case has been pending since then. The newly created state of Telangana also approached the Supreme Court demanding a fresh tribunal hearing to secure its water needs on equitable basis . Even though
155-528: Is believed to be first occurrence in 1000 years. The flood resulted in heavy damage to Kurnool, Mahabubnagar, Guntur, Krishna and Nalagonda Districts. The entire city of Kurnool was immersed in approximately 10 ft (3 m) water for nearly 3 days. Water inflow of 1,110,000 cu ft/s (31,000 m /s) was recorded at the Prakasam Barriage, which surpassed the previous record of 1,080,000 cu ft/s (31,000 m /s) recorded in
186-466: Is between Saundatti and Munavalli in Belgaum District . The reservoir created by the dam is called Renukasagara. Its catchment area is 11,549 km (2,771 cu mi). This reservoir irrigates more than 2,000 km (770 sq mi) of agricultural land. There is an ancient temple of the deity Yellamma on a nearby hill. This is a pilgrimage centre for thousands of devotees. Also
217-578: Is dependent on orientation of the region. Malaprabha flows for 304 km (189 mi) from Kanakumbi-Khanapur-Soundatti-(Malaprabha Dam)-Ramdurg-Nargund-Pattadkal-Kudalasangam before joining river Krishna at an elevation of 488 metres (1,601 ft) at Kudala Sangama in Bagalkot district . Bennihalla, Hirehalla and Tuparihalla are the major tributaries to the Malaprabha of Dharwad district. Navilatirtha Dam (Navilu in Kannada means peacock)
248-528: Is now drowned in the Srisailam reservoir, and visible for devotees only during summer when the reservoir's water level comes down. Drainage Basin of Krishna The Krishna Basin extends over an area of 258,948 km (99,980 sq mi) which is nearly 8% of the total geographical area of the country. This large basin lies in the states of Karnataka (113,271 km ), Telangana, Andhra Pradesh (76,252 km ) and Maharashtra (69,425 km ). It
279-406: Is on the verge of death. The river receives the waste from the large number of cities and the river basin population has increased to 80 million enhancing pollution load many folds into the river. Adequate average and minimum continuous environmental flows to the sea are not taking place in most of the years constricting salt export and leading to formation of saline and sodic alkaline soils in
310-1073: Is one of the important holy places in Karnataka which is located on the bank of Krishna. Veerabhadra temple is a famous temple. Many devotees visit this place from Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh. Also, located on the banks of the river Krishna is the Sangameshwar Shiva temple at Haripur. Some of the other temples are the Kanaka Durga Temple in Vijayawada , Ramling temple near Sangli, Mallikarjuna Jyotirlinga (Srisailam), Amareshwara Swamy Temple , Vedadri Narasimha Temple , Vadapalli temple in Nalgonda , Dattadeva temple, and Sangameshwara Shiva temples at Alampur and Gadwal in Telangana. Bhilawadi town in Maharashtra has
341-454: Is one of the rivers whose water energy is harnessed to a large extent by various hydro electric power stations in India. The following is the list of hydro electric power stations excluding small and medium installations. Most of the years, the river water is not joining the sea due to full utilisation of water mainly in agriculture. Closed river basin of Krishna means that the river ecosystem
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#1732771925215372-548: Is the fifth largest basin in India. Most of this basin comprises rolling and undulating country, except for the western border, which is formed by an unbroken line of the Western Ghats. The important soil types found in the basin are black soils, red soils, laterite and lateritic soils, alluvium, mixed soils, red and black soils and saline and alkaline soils. An average annual surface water potential of 78.1 km has been assessed in this basin. Out of this, 58.0 km
403-519: Is utilizable water. Culturable area in the basin is about 203,000 km (78,000 sq mi), which is 10.4% of the total cultivable area of the country. As the water availability in the Krishna River was becoming inadequate to meet the water demand, Godavari River is linked to the Krishna River by commissioning the Polavaram right bank canal with the help of Pattiseema lift scheme in
434-711: The Deccan plateau is the third-longest river in India, after the Ganga and Godavari . It is also the fourth-largest in terms of water inflows and river basin area in India, after the Ganges, Indus and Godavari. The river, also called Krishnaveni, is 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) long and its length in Maharashtra is 282 kilometres. It is a major source of irrigation in the Indian states of Maharashtra , Karnataka , Telangana and Andhra Pradesh . The Krishna River originates in
465-537: The Ghataprabha River , Malaprabha River , Bhima River , Tungabhadra River and Musi River . The Tungabhadra River has a catchment area of 71,417 km (27,574 sq mi) and a length of 531 km (330 mi). The Bhima River is the longest tributary of the Krishna River. It has a total length of 861 km (535 mi) and catchment area of 70,614 km (27,264 sq mi). Three tributaries, Panchganga , Warna and Yerla , meet
496-745: The Western Ghats near Mahabaleshwar at an elevation of about 1,300 metres (4,300 ft), in the state of Maharashtra in central India. From Mahabaleshwar it flows to the town of Wai and continues east until it empties into the Bay of Bengal. The Krishna River passes through the Indian states of Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. Over its 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) length, it flows for 305 km (190 mi) in Maharashtra, 483 km (300 mi) in Karnataka and 612 km (380 mi) in Andhra Pradesh. The Krishna River has 13 major tributaries. Its principal tributaries include
527-584: The Krishna River near Sangli . Hindus consider these places holy. It is said that Dattatreya , one of the Hindu dieties, spent some of his days at Audumber on the banks of the Krishna. Kudalasangama (also written as Kudala Sangama) is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) from the Almatti Dam in Bagalkot district of Karnataka state. The Krishna and Malaprabha rivers merge here. The Aikya Mantapa or
558-467: The State Government constructed a bridge that was named after Tanguturi Prakasam , the first Chief Minister of Andhra (a state formed in 1953, which later became Andhra Pradesh in 1956 after the merger of Telugu speaking districts of former Hyderabad State). Completed in 1957, it helps to irrigate over 1.2 million acres of land. This barrage also supplies water to Buckingham canal which
589-545: The banks of the Krishna River. There are many pilgrimage places in Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh on the course of the river. The first holy place on the river Krishna is at Wai , known for the Mahaganpati Mandir and Kashivishweshwar temple. It has seven ghats along the river. Temples like Dattadeva temple, which is revered by the people of Maharashtra, are located on the banks of Krishna at Narsobawadi , ankalkhop Audumbar near Sangli . Yadur
620-506: The few noted deposits: Widespread area near to the Krishna River holds the rich flora and fauna. The last surviving Mangrove forests in the Krishna estuary have been declared as the Krishna Wildlife Sanctuary . The sanctuary is the home to the large number of resident and migratory birds. Fishing cats, otters, Estuarine crocodiles, spotted deer, sambar deer, blackbucks, snakes, lizards and jackals can also be spotted in
651-669: The gates height by 4.74 m height to enable the back waters reach the toe of the Pulichinthala Dam at 20 m msl for pumping water into the Pulichinthala reservoir. The maximum flood flow experienced at the barrage was 1.11 million cusecs at 20.97 m msl on 5 October 2009. During the severe floods in September 2024 , the peak flood flow reached 1.06 million cusecs at the barrage against the designed flow of 1.19 million cusecs. Krishna River The Krishna River in
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#1732771925215682-630: The hands of captain Buckle and was revised in 1839 and 1841 by Captain Best and Captain Lake. After the endorsement of Major Cotton , the board of Directors of the East India Company approved it on 5 January 1850. The dam was started in 1852 and completed in 1855. It cost Rs 1.75 crore in those days and seems to have paid the then government a return of 18%. It used to irrigate 7 lakh acres. Later,
713-483: The holy Samādhi of Basavanna , the founder of the Lingayat Hindu sect along with Linga , which is believed to be self-born ( Swayambhu ), is here and the river flows east towards Srisailam (another pilgrim center) Andhra Pradesh. Sangameswaram of Kurnool district in Andhra Pradesh is a famous pilgrim center for Hindus where Tungabhadra and Bhavanasi rivers join the Krishna River. The Sangameswaram temple
744-434: The lake. It has become a tourist attraction of Vijayawada . On 13th Feb-2019 Andhra Pradesh chief minister Nara Chandrababu Naidu laid foundation to construct a new barrage named Vykuntapuram Barrage on the Krishna River nearly 25 km upstream of Prakasam Barrage. The designed maximum water level is 22.13 m msl whereas the full reservoir level is 17.39 m msl with a scope to enhance the live water storage by increasing
775-543: The lower reaches of the river basin. High alkalinity water is discharged from the ash dump areas of many coal fired power stations into the river which further increases the alkalinity of the river water whose water is naturally of high alkalinity since the river basin is draining vast area of basalt rock formations. The following are the few coal fired power stations located in the river basin Malaprabha River The Malaprabha River
806-520: The origin of the Malaprabha is an ancient temple dedicated to Shree Mauli Devi. The temple is in R.S. No. 127 of Kankumbi. Malaprabha birthplace is a pilgrimage center with mythological origins. A symbol in rock carved by hand near the source of the river Malaprabha depicts the origin of the river for the purpose of safety showered for the well being of humankind. It is a source of highly stable mineral water. Presence of discontinuities has major effects on properties of contours at source of river. Permeability
837-558: The river does not flow through Tamil Nadu , the Telugu Ganga Project is a canal system that brings Krishna River water to that state's capital city of Chennai with the agreement of all basin states. This river is revered by Hindus as sacred. The river is also believed to remove all the sins of those who bathe in it. The centre of attraction is the Krishna Pushkaram fair which is held once in twelve years on
868-486: The sanctuary. The sanctuary also supports rich vegetation with plants like Rhizophora, Avicennia, and Aegiceros. The following are few other wildlife sanctuaries located in the Krishna basin. The following are few other waterfalls located in the river basin The yearly water outflows to the sea in a water year from 1 June 2003 to 31 May 2022 (19 years) are given below At present, the award of Bachawat tribunal dated 31 May 1976
899-514: The year 1903. Krishna River is the second largest east flowing river of the peninsula. The flood waters of Krishna and Godavari rivers can be fully utilized by exporting water to other east flowing peninsular rivers up to Vaigai River in Tamil Nadu by constructing a coastal reservoir on the Bay of Bengal sea area. There are many dams constructed across the Krishna River. The Krishna River
930-484: The year 2015 to augment water availability to the Prakasam Barrage in Andhra Pradesh. The irrigation canals of Prakasam Barrage form part of National Waterway 4 . The Krishna-Godavari delta known as "Rice Granary of India . " Krishna River basin is endowed with rich mineral deposits such as oil and gas, coal, iron, limestone , dolomite , gold, granite, laterite , uranium, diamonds, etc. The following are
961-555: Was initially constructed as an inland navigation canal but was later used as an irrigation water supply canal. One of the first major irrigation projects of South India , the Prakasam Barrage in Vijayawada was completely successful in its mission. Andhra Pradesh largely owes its rich agriculture to the Prakasam Barrage as the project facilitated the irrigation of large tracts of farmland. The Barrage provides views of