109-759: Vijayawada ( / ˈ v ɪ dʒ ə j ə ˈ w ɑː d ə / Vijay-uh-waw-duh ), also known by its colonial name Bezawada , is the second largest city and commercial hub in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh . The city is part of the Andhra Pradesh Capital Region and is located on the banks of the Krishna River surrounded by the hills of the Eastern Ghats , known as the Indrakeeladri Hills. The city
218-538: A Muslim shrine housing the holy relic of the Prophet Mohammed . Gunadala Matha Shrine is an important shrine for Christians and illuminates during Christmas Eve and Gunadala Matha annual festival which takes place on 9, 10 and 11 February each year. The city corporation organises "Happy Sunday," an event organised on the first Sunday of every month at M.G. Road for promoting activities such as sports, games, cultural events, and yoga. The clothing of
327-456: A demon-slaying goddess was likely well established by the time the classic Hindu text called Devi Mahatmya was composed, which scholars variously estimate to between 400 and 600 CE. The Devi Mahatmya and other mythologies describe the nature of demonic forces symbolised by Mahishasura as shape-shifting and adapting in nature, form and strategy to create difficulties and achieve their evil ends, while Durga calmly understands and counters
436-601: A fire-like flickering tongue, before the text begins presenting its thesis that one must seek self-knowledge and the knowledge of the eternal Brahman . Durga, in her various forms, appears as an independent deity in the Epics period of ancient India, that is the centuries around the start of the common era. Both Yudhisthira and Arjuna characters of the Mahabharata invoke hymns to Durga . She appears in Harivamsa in
545-436: A garland of lemons. The goddess announced that Kamsa's slayer had already been born, before vanishing. Durga is often conceptualised in this role as a sister of Vishnu. Durga is a warrior goddess, and she is depicted to express her martial skills. Her iconography typically resonates with these attributes, where she rides a lion or a tiger, has between eight and eighteen hands, each holding a weapon to destroy and create. She
654-600: A granite cave in Mamallapuram , Tamil Nadu there is a large relief of Durga slaying Mahisasura, carved around 630–674 CE. Durga iconography in some temples appears as part of Mahavidyas or Saptamatrkas (seven mothers considered forms of Durga). Her icons in major Hindu temples such as in Varanasi include relief artworks that show scenes from the Devi Mahatmya . In Vaishnavism , Durga and her mount of
763-642: A lion, is considered one of the three aspects or forms of Goddess Lakshmi , the other two being Sri and Bhu, in place of Niladevi . According to professor Tracy Pintchman, "When the Lord Vishnu created the gunas of prakriti , there arose Lakshmi in her three forms, Sri , Bhu and Durga . Sri consisted of sattva , Bhu as rajas and Durga as tamas ". Durga appears in Hindu traditions in numerous forms and names, but ultimately all these are different aspects and manifestations of one goddess. She
872-412: A major educational hub in recent times, with many of the nation's students studying in the city. It is predicted to be the world's, and India's, tenth fastest growing city economy through 2035 by an Oxford Economics report. Due to its high ratings in entertainment, construction, food, education, health care, and transport, it is ranked as India's ninth most liveable city as per Ease of Living Index 2018, and
981-400: A noose. These weapons are considered symbolic by Shakta Hindus, representing self-discipline, selfless service to others, self-examination, prayer, devotion, remembering her mantras, cheerfulness and meditation. Durga herself is viewed as the "Self" within and the divine mother of all creation. She has been revered by warriors, blessing their new weapons. Durga iconography has been flexible in
1090-718: A sage, and one who knows Brahman. I bend the bow for Rudra, that his arrow may strike, and slay the hater of devotion. I rouse and order battle for the people, I created Earth and Heaven and reside as their Inner Controller. On the world's summit I bring forth sky the Father: my home is in the waters, in the ocean as Mother. Thence I pervade all existing creatures, as their Inner Supreme Self, and manifest them with my body. I created all worlds at my will, without any higher being, and permeate and dwell within them. The eternal and infinite consciousness
1199-464: A sovereign democratic republic. The new republic was also declared to be a "Union of States". The constitution of 1950 distinguished between three main types of states: Andhra State was created on 1 October 1953 from the Telugu -speaking northern districts of Madras State . The French enclave of Chandernagore was transferred to West Bengal in 1954. In the same year Pondicherry , comprising
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#17327725035651308-649: A total road length of 1,264.24 km (785.56 mi), used by 678,004 non-transport and 94,937 transport vehicles. The heavy vehicles like lorries are used for freight transport and hold a share of 18% in the country. Short distance commuting is served by 27,296 auto rickshaws plying the city roads every day, which include the women-driven 'She Autos' as well. The city has a total road length of 1,264.24 km (785.56 mi), covering 1,230.00 km (764.29 mi) of municipal roads, 22.74 km (14.13 mi) of R&B (Roads & Buildings) department roads, 11.50 km (7.15 mi) of National Highways. Benz Circle
1417-461: A warrior woman with many arms. Himavan , the personification of the Himalayas, gifted a lion as her mount. Durga, on her lion, appeared before Mahishasura where the demon took on different forms and attacked the goddess. Each time, Durga would destroy his forms. At last, Durga slew Mahishasura with her trident when he was transforming as a buffalo demon. According to Vaishnava tradition, Durga
1526-421: A while and asked a boon that only a woman could be able to kill him. Brahma granted the boon and disappeared. Mahishasura started to torture innocent people. He captured Svarga and was not in any kind of fear, as he thought women to be powerless and weak. The devas were worried and they went to Trimurti . The Trimurti combined their power, and gave a physical form to the sum of their divine energy, Adi Shakti ,
1635-721: Is "Vijaya" (invincible). Thus city thereafter came to be known as Vijayavatika ('Vatika' translates to place in Telugu) and later as Vijayawada. A tale behind its acquiring the name Bezawada is that Goddess Krishnaveni ( River Krishna ) requested Arjuna to make a passage for her to merge into the Bay of Bengal . Hence, Arjuna made a bejjam (hole) through the mountains and the place came to be known as Bejjamwada which later changed to Bezawada . Other names of Vijayawada were being Vijayavata, Beejapuram, Kanakaprabha, Kanakapuram, Kanakawada, Jayapuri, Vijayapuri, Phalguna Kshetram and Jananathpura in
1744-482: Is Bathini Sreenivasulu. As of 2020 GDP of Vijayawada city is $ 11.292 Billion . Vijayawada is one of the rapidly growing urban markets of the country. The sectors that contribute to the city economy are construction, education, entertainment, food processing, hospitality, registrations, transport, etc. Based on the recommendations of the Sixth Central Pay Commission , it is classified as one of
1853-531: Is I, it is my greatness dwelling in everything. – Devi Sukta, Rigveda 10.125.3 – 10.125.8 , Devi's epithets synonymous with Durga appear in Upanishadic literature, such as Kali in verse 1.2.4 of the Mundaka Upanishad dated to about the 5th century BCE. This single mention describes Kali as "terrible yet swift as thought", very red and smoky coloured manifestation of the divine with
1962-631: Is also attracting many international IT companies. HCL Technologies , Wipro , the Noida -based Indian multinational is constructing its Vijayawada campus in Kesarapalli village, near to Gannavaram. In the first phase, HCL will provide employment to 5,000 students. There are two major IT parks one at Gannavaram and other in Mangalagiri there are big companies like TechMahindra, HCL, PI Data Center, VSoft, Efftronics, KJ Systems, and EPSoft. The city
2071-466: Is also celebrated and the goddess is dressed each day as a different Devi, all considered equivalent but another aspect of Durga. In Bangladesh , the four-day-long Sharadiya Durga Puja is the most important religious festival for the Hindus and celebrated across the country with Vijayadashami being a national holiday. In Sri Lanka, Durga in the form of Vaishnavi, bearing Vishnu's iconographic symbolism
2180-564: Is also most preferred tier-two city destination for IT/ITES services. There is an APIIC Mega Food Park in Mallavalli near Gannavaram. The growing population and economy have resulted in rising real estate prices. There is also a cyber security office that is operating by Tech mahindra .And the Wonderla an amusement park is trying to invest around 250 crores rupees to expand its branch in between guntur and vijayawada in 50 acres. The city
2289-441: Is among the various epithets and avatars of Yogamaya , the personification of the illusory power of Vishnu. Vishnu offers Durga the task of transferring the seventh child of Devaki into the womb of Rohini , as well as being born on earth as the infant daughter of Yashoda and Nanda , so that she could be swapped with Krishna . When Kamsa attempted to slay her, she manifested her true form of an eighteen-armed goddess, wearing
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#17327725035652398-452: Is called as Sharadiya Durga Puja or Akal-Bodhan to differentiate it from the one celebrated originally in spring. The festival is celebrated by communities by making special colourful images of Durga out of clay, recitations of Devi Mahatmya text, prayers and revelry for nine days, after which it is taken out in procession with singing and dancing, then immersed in water. The Durga puja is an occasion of major private and public festivities in
2507-591: Is celebrated. This tradition has been continued by Sri Lankan diaspora. The Tantric Buddhist Vajrayana traditions adopted several Hindu deities into its fold, including Durga. Numerous depictions of Durgā Mahiṣāsuramardinī (Durgā slaying the buffalo demon) have been found at Buddhist temple sites (c. 8th–11th century) in Afghanistan , Indonesia and northeastern India. Durga statues have also been found in major Buddhist sites like Nalanda and Vikramashila . In Bengal , late Indian Mahayana Buddhists during
2616-669: Is commonly known as Mahishasura-mardini for slaying the half-buffalo demon Mahishasura. She is also known as Vindhyavasini (she who dwells in the Vindhya Mountains). Her other epithets include Mahamoha (great delusion), Mahasuri (the great demoness), Tamasi (the great night, the night of delusion). There are many epithets for Durga in Shaktism and her nine appellations are ( Navadurga ): Shailaputri, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, Skandamata, Katyayini, Kalaratri, Mahagauri and Siddhidatri. A list of 108 names of
2725-515: Is home to the important Hindu shrine of Kanaka Durga Temple . It geographically lies on the center spot of Andhra Pradesh. The city has been described as the commercial , political , cultural and educational capital of Andhra Pradesh. It is the administrative headquarters of NTR district . The Prakasam Barrage across the Krishna River connects the NTR and Guntur districts. It is one of
2834-523: Is imagined to be terrifying and destructive when she has to be, but benevolent and nurturing when she needs to be. While anthropomorphic icons of her, such as those showing her riding a lion and holding weapons, are common, the Hindu traditions use aniconic forms and geometric designs ( yantra ) to remember and revere what she symbolises. Durga is worshipped in Hindu temples across India and Nepal by Shakta Hindus. The Vedic Texts concluded Durga alone to be
2943-453: Is known in the state for its cultural history, whose residents are more often referred to as Vijayawadians . There are many religions, languages, traditions, and festivals. Durga Pooja and a special Theppotsavam in Krishna river are important events of the Hindu festival of Dussera in the city, mainly due to the existence of self-manifested Kanaka Durga Temple . Hazarat Bal Mosque is
3052-436: Is often shown in the midst of her war with Mahishasura, the buffalo demon, at the time she victoriously kills the demonic force. Her icon shows her in action, yet her face is calm and serene. In Hindu arts, this tranquil attribute of Durga's face is traditionally derived from the belief that she is protective and violent not because of her hatred, egotism or getting pleasure in violence, but because she acts out of necessity, for
3161-651: Is one of the 15 cities in the country listed in Pilot Solar Cities. In 2007, the Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation (APSRTC) that operates the city's public transport system introduced less-polluting CNG fuelled public transport busses in a drive to reduce the operational cost and protect the environment. In 2019, with the cost of CNG and fleet maintenance on the rise, the APSRTC had begun replacing
3270-620: Is one of the busiest road junctions in the city with an average of 57,000 vehicles crossing daily, The junction has the intersection of two national highways of NH 16 and NH 65. Golden Mile Project MG Road in Vijayawada is home to the Golden Mile Project, India’s first smart street initiative. Covering a 2.9 km stretch from the Police Control Room to Benz Circle, it was launched as a Proof of Concept for
3379-518: Is the coldest month of the year. It receives rainfall from the South-west and North-east monsoons and the average annual rainfall recorded is 977.9 mm (38.50 in). Vijayawada has been ranked 6th best “National Clean Air City” (under Category 1 >10L Population cities) in India. The city is the second most populous in the state and the third most densely populated urban built-up areas in
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3488-1066: Is the headquarters of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region Development Authority . As per the G.O. 104 (dated:23-03-2017), the state government had declared Vijayawada Municipal Corporation and its contiguous areas as a metropolitan area of Vijayawada. Its jurisdiction is spread over an area of 230 km (89 sq mi) and has an estimated population of 18 lakhs . The metropolitan area covers Vijayawada municipal corporation and merged villages of Ambapuram, Buddavaram, Done Atkuru, Enikepadu , Ganguru , Gannavaram , Gollapudi , Gudavalli, Jakkampudi, Kanuru , Kesarapalle , Nidamanuru , Nunna , Pathapadu, Penamaluru , Phiryadi Nainavaram, Poranki , Prasadampadu , Ramavarappadu , Tadigadapa , Kankipadu , Vuyyuru , Katuru , Bollapadu , Mudunuru and Yanamalakuduru . The urban agglomeration spread in Guntur district covers Tadepalle Municipality and its outgrowth of Undavalli ; Mangalagiri Municipality and its outgrowths of Navuluru and Atmakur. Water supply from
3597-455: Is the temple of Malleswara. The temple has inscriptions dating back to ninth century AD to 16th century AD by various kings. There are ten pillars and a mutilated slab (recognised as monuments by Archaeological Survey of India ) with inscriptions in the Telugu language. Of them, the inscriptions issued by Yudhamalla I and II of Eastern Chalukyas are important. In the early 16th century, during
3706-840: Is used for city bus services. The city buses ply in major routes of Besant Road , Eluru Road , MG Road and to the city outskirts of Ibrahimpatnam , Kondapalli , Mangalagiri , Kankipadu , Uyyuru , Gannavaram , Nidamanuru and Nunna . In 2016, APSRTS has discontinued city services on the BRTS corridor due to poor response from the commuters. It was built at a reported cost of ₹ 150 crore (US$ 18 million), exclusively to be used by city buses has been. The two major National Highways , NH-16 (Kolkata–Bhubaneshwar-Visakhapatnam-Vijayawada-Guntur-Nellore-Chennai) and NH-65 (Pune-Hyderabad-Suryapet-Vijayawada-Machilipatnam) , provides road connectivity with other states and major cities. National Highway 30 from Jagdalpur of Chhattisgarh terminates near
3815-530: The Lakshmi Tantra , Lakshmi has Durga as one of her forms and acquires the name Durga after killing the demon Durgamasura. These texts identify Durga as Vishnu's māyā ". The Mahishasura Mardini Stotra by Adi Shankara was written in her praise. The historian Ramaprasad Chanda stated in 1916 that Durga evolved over time in the Indian subcontinent. A primitive form of Durga, according to Chanda,
3924-601: The Mahabharata and section 4.27.16 of the Ramayana . These usages are in different contexts. For example, Durg is the name of an Asura who had become invincible to gods, and Durga is the goddess who intervenes and slays him. Durga and its derivatives are found in sections 4.1.99 and 6.3.63 of the Ashtadhyayi by Pāṇini , the ancient Sanskrit grammarian, and in the commentary of Nirukta by Yaska . Durga
4033-803: The Crown Colony of Burma . In 1947, the last Act of the Crown was passed. The act dissolved the Indian Empire, the Imperial Legislative Council and the Chamber of Princes and the Union of India was consequently established from 9 former Indian provinces ( East Punjab , United Provinces , Central Provinces , Madras , Bombay , Bihar , Orissa , West Bengal and Assam ) and 562 former Indian states. Between 1947 and 1950,
4142-618: The Emperor to that province and head of government of the directly ruled territories in the province. The governor or lieutenant-governor also served as the Emperor's representative to the constituent states of the province. The first three of the lieutenant-governorships were territories annexed to India from other powers and temporarily governed by the erstwhile Bengal Presidency, before being made into their own separate provinces. Agra and Bengal were still considered de jure parts of
4251-715: The Indian independence movement . The city of Kolkata is famous for Durga puja. In Nepal , the festival dedicated to Durga is called Dashain (sometimes spelled as Dasain), which literally means "the ten". Dashain is the longest national holiday of Nepal, and is a public holiday in Sikkim and Bhutan . During Dashain, Durga is worshipped in ten forms ( Shailaputri , Brahmacharini , Chandraghanta , Kushmanda , Skandamata , Katyayani , Kalaratri , Mahagauri , Mahakali and Durga) with one form for each day in Nepal. The festival includes animal sacrifice in some communities, as well as
4360-785: The Indus Valley civilisation . According to Asko Parpola , a cylindrical seal from Kalibangan shows "a Durgā-like goddess of war, who is associated with the tiger". Reverence for Devi , the feminine nature of God, first appears in the 10th Maṇḍala of Rig Veda , one of the scriptures of Hinduism. This hymn is also called the Devi Suktam hymn (abridged): I am the Queen, the gatherer-up of treasures, most thoughtful, first of those who merit worship. Thus gods have established me in many places with many homes to enter and abide in. Through me alone all eat
4469-567: The Krishna river ; Krishnaveni Mandapam (River Museum) depicting the history of Krishna river and a nearby idol of the river known as, Krishnaveni statue; Gandhi Hill , the first Gandhi Memorial in the country, located at an elevation of 500 feet (150 m) on a hill; Bhavani Island , one of the largest river island amidst Krishna river. The primary modes of intra-city public transport are city buses and auto rickshaws . Apart from these, other means of transport are motorcycles , cycle rickshaws , and bicycles . The Pandit Nehru Bus Station and
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4578-461: The Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs and the second most liveable city in the state of Andhra Pradesh . The Vijayawada Junction railway station is one of the busiest in the country. It is the tenth busiest railway junction in the country. There are many legends behind the origin of the name Vijayawada. It is said that Goddess Durga killed Mahishasura and relaxed at this place. As she
4687-717: The River Krishna . There is a legend which says that Arjuna , one of the heroes of the Indian epic Mahabharata , prayed on top of the Indrakeeladri Hill in the city and won the blessings of the Lord Shiva to get the Pashupatastra to win the Kurukshetra War . It was called Vijayavatika (meaning Land of Victory in Telugu ) when Goddess Durga killed the demon Mahishasura and rested on
4796-487: The Vijayawada Junction railway station are the major transport infrastructure for road and rail transport. The Pandit Nehru bus station is the administrative headquarters of APSRTC , which is ranked as the fourth largest and busiest bus terminals in the country. The City Division of APSRTC operates close to 450 buses for an average of 300,000 daily commuting passengers. Autonagar bus terminus and city bus port
4905-583: The directly ruled territories of the Crown . The entire empire was divided into provinces and agencies. A province consisted of territory under the direct rule of the Emperor of India (who was also the King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions ) and a few minor states, ruled by Indian princes under the suzerainty of the Emperor. A Governor or Lieutenant-Governor acted as the representative of
5014-410: The 16th century, Kondapalli artisans are considered 'Aryakhastriyas'. Victoria Jubilee Museum is an archaeological museum in the city, which houses sculptures, paintings, and artefacts of Buddhist and Hindu relics , dating back to the second and third centuries. Vijayawada was paired as a sister city of Modesto, California in 1993. The city has old and new town areas. The One Town area of
5123-521: The 16th century. The 11th or 12th century Jainism text Yasatilaka by Somadeva mentions a festival and annual dates dedicated to a warrior goddess, celebrated by the king and his armed forces, and the description mirrors attributes of a Durga puja. The prominence of Durga puja increased during the British Raj in Bengal. After the Hindu reformists identified Durga with India, she became an icon for
5232-742: The 17th century worshiped Durga during traditional Yogini Puja celebrations, and some traces of these Mahayana Durga rites survive today, even though the Bengalis who perform them are no longer Buddhist. Images of the Buddhist Durga have also been found in Bali (surrounded with images of Buddhas and bodhisattvas) and date from the 10th and 11th centuries. Durga also appears in the Sarvadurgatipariśodhana tantra , though in this text, she appears not in her demon slaying form, but mounted on
5341-833: The 59 water reservoirs, maintenance of roads, sewerage, underground drainage, environment protection programs, recycling of solid waste and producing power are the services provided by the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation . There has been an underground drainage system in the city since 1967–68. Many green parks are maintained by the corporation to protect the environment such as Raghavaiah park, Rajiv Gandhi Park, Dr. B.R Ambedkar Park, Mahatma Gandhi Park etc. The corporation won many awards and achievements such as National Urban Water Award (2009), Siti e-Governance Project, ISO 9001 certification for Quality Management System . The Andhra Pradesh State Disaster Response and Fire Services Department with its headquarters in
5450-562: The CNG run busses with BS4 and BS6 standard diesel-fuelled buses. However, APSRTC continues to be committed to alternative fuels for its fleet. It has since added more electric , and biodiesel fuelled busses. Likewise, the city has a large number of CNG fuelled auto-rickshaws that support public transportation needs. However, auto-rickshaw operators have frequently suffered disruption in CNG supply and usually endure long queues to refuel. In February 2020, Piaggio Vehicles Private Limited launched
5559-605: The City Digital Platform at the municipal office. It includes 101 surveillance cameras, with some capable of calculating traffic density and providing live reports. Additionally, 35 Wi-Fi access points and 240 smart solar-powered lights were installed for public use. Parking sensors help reduce congestion, and motion sensors manage traffic and detect violations. The project also introduced Remote Expert Government Services, allowing citizens to communicate with officials via video calls. Vijayawada Junction railway station
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#17327725035655668-474: The Government of India introduced legislation to merge the union territories of Daman and Diu and Dadra and Nagar Haveli into a single union territory to be known as Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu , effective from 26 January 2020. Ladakh UT The Constitution of India distributes the sovereign executive and legislative powers exercisable with respect to the territory of any state between
5777-410: The Hindu traditions, where for example some intellectuals place a pen or other writing implements in her hand since they consider their stylus as their weapon. Archeological discoveries suggest that these iconographic features of Durga became common throughout India by about the 4th century CE, states David Kinsley – a professor of religious studies specialising on Hindu goddesses. In the north wall of
5886-491: The Indian Union and the state's monarchy was abolished. In 1987, Arunachal Pradesh and Mizoram became states on 20 February, followed by Goa on 30 May, while erstwhile union territory of Goa, Daman and Diu 's northern exclaves Damão and Diu became a separate union territory as Daman and Diu . In November 2000, three new states were created, namely: Pondicherry was renamed Puducherry in 2007 and Orissa
5995-462: The Indrakeeladri Hill by the River Krishna establishing the victory over evil hence the place got its name Vijayavatika, "Vijaya" meaning victory, and "Vatika" meaning place or land in Telugu . The city is the third most densely populated urban built-up area in the world. and is classified as a Y-grade city by the Sixth Central Pay Commission . The city is the second most populous in
6104-590: The Markandeya Purana, Durga Puja can be performed either for 9 days or 4 days (last four in sequence). The four-day-long Durga Puja is a major annual festival in Bengal , Odisha , Assam , Jharkhand and Bihar . It is scheduled per the Hindu luni-solar calendar in the month of Ashvina , and typically falls in September or October. Since it is celebrated during Sharad (literally, season of weeds), it
6213-578: The Smart City initiative by the Government of Andhra Pradesh. Supported by Cisco Systems , the project provides facilities such as free Wi-Fi, intelligent street lighting, smart parking, and digital kiosks. The total cost of ₹7.83 crore was shared between Cisco, the Andhra Pradesh Urban Finance & Infrastructure Development Corporation, and the Vijayawada Municipal Corporation . The project enables real-time monitoring through
6322-623: The Supreme and the Absolute facet of Brahman, as stated in the Devi-Atharvashirsha यस्याः परतरं नास्ति सैषा दुर्गा प्रकीर्तिता ॥२४॥ She who is renowned by the name "Durga" is the being superior to whom, no one exists. – Devi Atharvashirhsa Upanishad , 24. Her temples, worship and festivals are particularly popular in eastern and northeastern parts of Indian subcontinent during Durga puja, Dashain and Navaratri. As per
6431-471: The Union and that state. Durga Traditional Durga ( Sanskrit : दुर्गा , IAST : Durgā ) is a major Hindu goddess , worshipped as a principal aspect of the mother goddess Mahadevi . She is associated with protection, strength, motherhood, destruction, and wars. Durga's legend centres around combating evils and demonic forces that threaten peace, prosperity, and dharma , representing
6540-709: The Vedic literature, such as in the Rigveda hymns 4.28, 5.34, 8.27, 8.47, 8.93 and 10.127, and in sections 10.1 and 12.4 of the Atharvaveda . A deity named Durge appears in section 10.1.7 of the Taittiriya Aranyaka . While the Vedic literature uses the word Durga , the description therein lacks the legendary details about her that is found in later Hindu literature. The word is also found in ancient post-Vedic Sanskrit texts such as in section 2.451 of
6649-577: The Y-grade cities of India. According to one study, the GDP of the city in 2010 was $ 3 billion (Rs. 18,000 crore) and is expected to grow up to $ 17 billion (Rs. 1,02,000 crore) by 2025. According to another by Oxford the GDP of the city in 2018 was $ 5.8 billion and is expected to grow up to $ 21 billion by 2035. Andhra Cements (1937) was the first cement factory in Andhra Pradesh. Siris Pharmaceuticals
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#17327725035656758-466: The artisans of Kondapalli , a suburb of Vijayawada. Kondapalli toys, also known as Kondapalli Bommalu, are traditional wooden toys crafted by skilled artisans in Kondapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India. These toys are known for their intricate designs and vibrant colours, made from soft Tella Poniki wood and painted with natural dyes. They are safe for children to play with due to their non-toxic materials and lack of harmful chemicals. Originating from Rajasthan in
6867-458: The city is known as old city area, comprising areas such as Islampet, Jendachettu Centre, Kamsalipet, Rajarajeswaripet, Kothapet, Ajith Singh Nagar , and Winchipet. The new city areas include areas such as Autonagar, Benz circle, Chuttugunta, Labbipet, Machavaram Down, Mogalrajapuram , NTR circle, Tikkle Road, Governorpeta, Pinnamaneni Polyclinic Road and Suryaraopet. Brindavan Colony, Commercial Taxes Colony, Gunadala, Veterinary Colony are some of
6976-404: The city is responsible for protecting from fire accidents that occur during summers on the hill slope areas of the city. The report on solid waste generation in 46 metro cities for the year 2015–16 shows Vijayawada produces 550 tonnes of solid waste per day. Vijayawada is one of the cities to be covered under the Solar/Green Cities scheme launched by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy and
7085-430: The city suburb of Ibrahimpatnam . The Inner Ring Road connects NH-16 and NH-65 to serve the main purpose of easing traffic congestion. The seamless commuting in the city is supported by the presence of 16 bridges across the three canals of Bandar, Eluru, and Ryves . M. G. Road (Bandar Road) and Eluru Road are the major arterial roads of the city, with as many as 90,000 vehicles plying M. G. Road itself. The city has
7194-402: The city. Vijayawada has a tropical wet and dry climate ( Köppen Aw ). The annual mean temperatures range between 23.4–34 °C (74–93 °F); with maximum temperatures often crossing 40 °C (104 °F) in the month of May and the minimum in December and January. The highest maximum temperature ever recorded was 48.8 °C (119.8 °F) in May 2002. May is the hottest and January
7303-402: The country. It was constituted on 1 April 1888 and was upgraded to selection grade municipality in 1960, and, to the corporation in 1981. The jurisdictional area of the corporation is spread over an area of 230 km (89 sq mi) with 64 wards. The present Municipal Commissioner of the city is Sri Swapnil Dinkar Pundkar, IAS and the present Mayor is Rayana Bhagya Lakshmi. Vijayawada
7412-429: The defunct Bengal Presidency for judicial and legal purposes. Agra was separated in 1878 and merged with Oudh . The Bengal Presidency was re-established in 1912 as a governorship. All these provinces had their own legislatures established by the Indian Councils Acts, and high courts established by Indian High Courts Acts. Laws passed by these legislatures needed the dual assent of the governor or lieutenant-governor of
7521-560: The eastern and northeastern states of India. The day of Durga's victory is celebrated as Vijayadashami (Bijoya in Bengali), Dashain (Nepali) or Dussehra (in Hindi) – these words literally mean "the victory on the Tenth (day)". This festival is an old tradition of Hinduism, though it is unclear how and in which century the festival began. Surviving manuscripts from the 14th century provide guidelines for Durga puja, while historical records suggest royalty and wealthy families were sponsoring major Durga puja public festivities since at least
7630-459: The evil in order to achieve her solemn goals. The most popular legend associated with the goddess is of her killing of Mahishasura . Mahishasura was a half-buffalo demon who did severe penance in order to please Brahma , the creator. After several years, Brahma, pleased with his devotion, appeared before him. The demon opened his eyes and asked the god for immortality. Brahma refused, stating that all must die one day. Mahishasura then thought for
7739-465: The fastest growing urban areas in India and among the top 10 fastest growing cities in the world according to Oxford Economics report. Vijayawada is considered to be a sacred place due to it being home to one of the most visited and famous temples in Andhra Pradesh and India, the Kanaka Durga Temple of the Hindu Goddess Durga residing on the Indrakeeladri hill. It also serves as the ritual host of Pushkaram (a river worshipping ritual in India) of
7848-586: The festivals of Durga Puja , Durga Ashtami , Vijayadashami , Deepavali , and Navaratri . The word Durga (दुर्गा) literally means "impassable", "invincible, unassailable". It is related to the word Durg (दुर्ग) which means "fortress, something difficult to defeat or pass". According to Monier Monier-Williams , Durga is derived from the roots dur (difficult) and gam (pass, go through). According to Indologist Alain Daniélou , Durga means "beyond defeat". The word Durga and related terms appear in
7957-460: The food that feeds them, – each man who sees, breathes, hears the word outspoken. They know it not, yet I reside in the essence of the Universe. Hear, one and all, the truth as I declare it. I, verily, myself announce and utter the word that gods and men alike shall welcome. I make the man I love exceedingly mighty, make him nourished,
8066-614: The form of Vishnu's eulogy, and in Pradyumna prayer. Various Puranas from the early to late 1st millennium CE dedicate chapters of inconsistent legends associated with Durga . Of these, the Markandeya Purana and the Devi-Bhagavata Purana are the most significant texts on Durga . The Devi Upanishad and other Shakta Upanishads , mostly dated to have been composed in or after the 9th century, present
8175-587: The former French enclaves of Pondichéry , Karikal , Yanaon and Mahé , was transferred to India. This became a union territory in 1962. Also in 1954, pro-India forces liberated the Portuguese-held enclaves of Dadrá and Nagar Aveli , declaring the short-lived de facto state of Free Dadra and Nagar Haveli . In 1961, India annexed it as the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli . The States Reorganisation Act, 1956 reorganised
8284-436: The goddess is recited in order to worship her and is popularly known as the "Ashtottarshat Namavali of Goddess Durga". Other meanings may include: "the one who cannot be accessed easily", "the undefeatable goddess". Durga is also known as Durgati Nashini, meaning one who eliminates suffering. Her other names include Chandika, Sharada, Ambika, Vaishnavi etc. Evidence of Durga-like images can probably be traced back to
8393-524: The locals includes traditional men wearing dhoti and women wearing saree and salwar kameez . western clothing is also predominant. The Vijayawada Art Society promotes Telugu arts. The city hosted Poetic Prism 2015, a multilingual poet's meet on 19 September 2015. All these activities are organised in collaboration with the Cultural Centre of Vijayawada . Kondapalli Toys — which were granted geographical indication in 2007 — are handmade by
8502-454: The love of the good, for liberation of those who depend on her, and a mark of the beginning of soul's journey to creative freedom. Durga traditionally holds the weapons of various male gods of Hindu mythology, which they give her to fight the evil forces because they feel that she is shakti (energy, power). These include the chakra (divine discus), conch, bow, arrow, sword, javelin, trishula trident, shield, mace, pink Lotus Flower and
8611-406: The national average of 73.00%. Languages of Vijayawada (2011) The predominant language spoken by the city residents is Telugu . In the 2011 census, the total number of language speakers in the city (including the outgrowths ) were 1,143,232. Telugu is spoken by 1,022,376 speakers, followed by 90,876 Urdu . A small minority speak Hindi , Tamil , Odia , Gujarati , Marathi and Malayalam . In
8720-462: The nine-day festival by devout Hindus. Durga is usually worshipped as a celibate goddess, but the Shaktism traditions includes the worship of Shiva along with Durga, who is considered to be his consort, in addition to Lakshmi , Saraswati , Ganesha and Kartikeya , who are considered to be Durga's children by Shaktas. Some Shaktas worship Durga's symbolism and presence as Mother Nature . In South India, especially Andhra Pradesh, Dussera Navaratri
8829-664: The philosophical and mystical speculations related to Durga as Devi and other epithets, identifying her to be the same as the Brahman and Atman (self, soul). In the Narada Purana , Durga is associated as a form of Lakshmi . In the Garuda Purana and the Vishnu Purana , Lakshmi is considered Prakriti (Mahalakshmi) and is identified with three forms — Sri, Bhu and Durga. In Pancharatra texts such as
8938-679: The power of good over evil. Durga is believed to unleash her divine wrath against the wicked for the liberation of the oppressed, and entails destruction to empower creation. Durga is seen as a motherly figure and often depicted as a beautiful woman, riding a lion or tiger, with many arms each carrying a weapon and often defeating demons. She is widely worshipped by the followers of the goddess-centric sect, Shaktism , and has importance in other denominations like Shaivism and Vaishnavism . The most important texts of Shaktism, Devi Mahatmya and Devi Bhagavata Purana , revere Devi (the Goddess) as
9047-578: The primordial creator of the universe and the Brahman (ultimate truth and reality). She is one of the five equivalent deities in Panchayatana puja of the Smarta tradition of Hinduism. She is also considered to be the younger sister of Vishnu according to Bhagavata purana. Durga has a significant following all over Nepal , India , Bangladesh and many other countries. She is mostly worshipped after spring and autumn harvests, especially during
9156-541: The province and the governor-general of India , who functioned as the representative of the Emperor . In addition to these, there were certain territories ruled directly by the Government of India through nominated chief commissioners. These were former independent states annexed to India and since ruled directly by the Supreme Government. A vast majority of the Indian states in the late nineteenth century were, in terms of imperial divisions, organised within
9265-466: The provinces with only territories under direct Crown rule. The latter years of the Indian Empire saw the enactment of the last Government of India Act by the Crown. This act granted full autonomy to Indian provinces. Provincial laws no longer needed the assent of the governor-general. This act created the office of a Premier in each province, who functioned as the new head of government and
9374-639: The provinces. However a good number of states were organised into imperial structures called agencies, or residencies. An Agent to the Governor-General (AGG) functioned as the Emperor's representative to all the states in the agency. In 1919, the fourth Government of India was enacted by the Crown. This saw many major changes. The legislatures of the provinces were made elected ones rather than nominated ones. Some provinces were given bicameral legislatures . All provinces were elevated to governorships and all lieutenant governors were made governors. Burma
9483-408: The purchase of new clothes and gift giving. Traditionally, the festival is celebrated over 15 days, the first nine-day are spent by the faithful by remembering Durga and her ideas, the tenth day marks Durga's victory over Mahisura, and the last five days celebrate the victory of good over evil. During the first nine days, nine aspects of Durga known as Navadurga are meditated upon, one by one during
9592-480: The reign of Qutb Shahi dynasty (also known as Golconda Sultanate), diamond mines were found near Vijayawada on the banks of Krishna River . Vijayawada lies on the banks of Krishna river , covered by hills and canals. and at an altitude of 11 m (36 ft) above sea level. Three canals originating from the north side of the Prakasam Barrage reservoir — Eluru, Bandar, and Ryves — flow through
9701-530: The residential areas. Bank Colony, Bharati Nagar, Gayatri Nagar, Currency Nagar, Satyanarayana Puram, Gurunanak Colony, APIIC Colony, LIC Colony, Patamata and MG Road are the upscale residential areas. The major commercial areas include the stretch of MG Road and from Benz Circle to Ramavarappadu Ring. Other commercial centers are Besant Road, Rajagopalachari street, One Town market area covering Kaleswara Rao Market (KR Market), and Vastralatha. The city has many landmarks which include, Prakasam Barrage across
9810-447: The sale of electric auto-rickshaws in the city. The Vijayawada City Police has its own Police Commissionerate, which is responsible for an area of 1,211.16 km (467.63 sq mi), is headed by a Police Commissioner , who is an IPS officer of Additional Director General of Police rank along with one joint commissioner of police and four Deputy Commissioners of Police who are also IPS officers. The present Police commissioner
9919-406: The same census, the total religious population in the city (including the outgrowths) was 1,143,232. It constituted 973,612 Hindus (85.16%), 104,206 Muslims (9.12%), 41,557 Christians (3.64%), 5,722 Jains (0.50%) and 18,135 (1.59%) did not state any religion. Vijayawada Municipal Corporation is the civic governing body of the city and was the first ISO 9001 certified urban local body in
10028-432: The state capital, Amaravati . States and union territories of India India is a federal union comprising 28 states and 8 union territories , for a total of 36 entities. The states and union territories are further subdivided into 806 districts and smaller administrative divisions . The states of India are self-governing administrative divisions, each having a state government . The governing powers of
10137-466: The state with a population of more than one million. It was recognised as a "Global City of the Future" by McKinsey Quarterly , which expected an increase to GDP of $ 17 billion by 2025. In October 2018, it was awarded with ISO 37120 platinum level certification and has been added to the "Global Cities Registry". Due to the presence of several well-known educational institutions, the city has emerged as
10246-403: The states are shared between the state government and the union government . On the other hand, the union territories are directly governed by the union government. The Indian Empire was a very complex political entity consisting of various imperial divisions and states and territories of varying autonomy. At the time of its establishment in 1876, it was made up of 584 constituent states and
10355-495: The states based on linguistic lines resulting in the creation of the new states. As a result of this act: Bombay State was split into the linguistic states of Gujarat and Maharashtra on 1 May 1960 by the Bombay Reorganisation Act. The former Union Territory of Nagaland achieved statehood on 1 December 1963. The Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 resulted in the creation of Haryana on 1 November and
10464-552: The territories of the princely states were politically integrated into the new Indian Union . Most were merged into existing provinces. Others were organised into new provinces and states , such as Rajasthan , Himachal Pradesh , Malwa Union , Baghelkhand and Bundelkhand States Union , and Patiala and East Punjab States Union , made up of multiple princely states. A few, including Mysore , Hyderabad , Bhopal , and Bilaspur , became separate states. The new Constitution of India , which came into force on 26 January 1950, made India
10573-450: The three pitakas (Pali for baskets) constituting the Pali canon, the scriptures of Theravada Buddhism . Mogalrajapuram hills have five rock-cut temples, built during the fourth–ninth centuries. Some of the caves can be attributed to Vishnukundina dynasty . Akkana Madanna Caves , at the foot of Indrakeeladri Hill, is a monument of national importance. At the foot of Indrakeeladri hills
10682-415: The transfer of the northern districts of Punjab to Himachal Pradesh . The act designated Chandigarh as a union territory and the shared capital of Punjab and Haryana. Madras State was renamed Tamil Nadu in 1969. The north-eastern states of Manipur , Meghalaya and Tripura were formed on 21 January 1972. Mysore State was renamed Karnataka in 1973. On 16 May 1975, Sikkim became the 22nd state of
10791-528: The twelfth century CE. Bezawada (as Vijayawada was known then) was founded around 626 A.D. by Paricchedi Kings. Vijayawada history reveals that Bezawada (Vijayawada) was ruled by King Madhava Varma (one of the kings of Vishnukundina dynasty ). Chinese Buddhist scholar Xuanzang stayed a few years in Bezawada (Vijayawada) in around 640 A.D. to copy and study the Abhidhamma Pitaka , the last of
10900-522: The world, with approximately 31,200 people per square km. As of 2011 Census of India , it had a population of 1,021,806, of which males are 524,918 and females are 523,322 — for a sex ratio of 997 females per 1000 males — higher than the national average of 940 per 1000. 92,848 children were in the age group of 0–6 years, of which 47,582 were boys and 45,266 were girls: a ratio of 951 per 1000. The average literacy rate stood at 82.59% (male 86.25%; female 78.94%) with 789,038 literates, significantly higher than
11009-624: Was built on the foundation of the Vedic religion, mythology and philosophy. There are total of nine avatars of Goddess Durga in Hinduism. Epigraphical evidence indicates that regardless of her origins, Durga is an ancient goddess. The 6th-century CE inscriptions in early Siddhamatrika script, such as at the Nagarjuni hill cave during the Maukhari era, already mention the legend of her victory over Mahishasura (buffalo-hybrid demon). Durga as
11118-530: Was established in the year 1888. It is one of the busiest stations of Indian Railways , the busiest railway station in South India , and is classified as a Non-Suburban Grade-2 (NSG-2) station in Vijayawada railway division . The station is a junction station for the trains from Hyderabad , Chennai Central , Machilipatnam and Visakhapatnam Junction . A train route connecting Vijayawada and Hyderabad
11227-506: Was given a special status and made an autonomous province. The Chamber of Princes was established by Emperor George V in 1920. One of the major consequences of this was the creation of many more agencies from the states of the provinces, thus granting them direct relations with the Emperor instead of with the Governors. This saw the separation of all the states from the provinces and addition to before-mentioned agencies. This left all
11336-700: Was laid in 1889. Suburban rail services are operated from the railway station to the nearby cities of Guntur and Tenali . The city houses the headquarters of Vijayawada railway division, one of the three railway divisions of South Coast Railway zone . The station has also a diesel and electric loco sheds which have a capacity of holding 220 locos by both the sheds. The city of Vijayawada has several satellite stations such as Gannavaram , Gunadala , Krishna Canal , Ramavarappadu , Kondapalli , Rayanapadu , Madhura Nagar , and Nidamanuru . A proposed circular train connectivity would connect Vijayawada with neighbouring cities of Eluru , Guntur , Tenali , Mangalagiri and
11445-593: Was renamed Odisha in 2011. Telangana was created on 2 June 2014 from ten former districts of north-western Andhra Pradesh . In August 2019, the Parliament of India passed the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganisation Act, 2019 , which contains provisions to reorganise the state of Jammu and Kashmir into two union territories; Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh , effective from 31 October 2019. Later that year in November,
11554-399: Was responsible to the provincial legislature. Bengal, Madras and Bombay which had been till now styled Presidencies, were now officially styled as provinces. The provinces of Orissa and Sind were created from Bihar and Bombay respectively. The Province of Burma which had previously functioned as an autonomous province of India was now separated from the Indian Empire, and established as
11663-471: Was the first pharma company in Andhra Pradesh and was established in 1950. The city has trading and exporting markets for agriculture and industrial goods. The Nunna Mango Market is one of the largest mango markets in Asia, exporting to major cities in the country. It is also a hub for storage, bottling, and transportation of petroleum products of all major companies like BPCL , HPCL , and IOCL . The city
11772-568: Was the result of " syncretism of a mountain-goddess worshipped by the dwellers of the Himalaya and the Vindhyas ", a deity of the Abhiras conceptualised as a war-goddess. Durga then transformed into Kali as the personification of the all-destroying time, while aspects of her emerged as the primordial energy ( Adya Sakti ) integrated into the samsara (cycle of rebirths) concept and this idea
11881-470: Was victorious, the place came to be known as Vijayawada ( vijaya translates to victory and wada as place, literally meaning The Place of Victory ). The hill was called as Indrekeeladri since it was frequently visited by Indra and his affiliates. The epic Mahabharata refers to the Indrakiladri hills as the place where Arjuna secured Pashupatastra from Lord Shiva . One of the names of Arjuna
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