Misplaced Pages

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106-617: Loop 101 has three officially designated sections along its route: Agua Fria Freeway Loop 101 begins as the Agua Fria Freeway at a three-level interchange with I-10 in Tolleson west of Phoenix . From that point, the route heads north entering Phoenix then Glendale , passing State Farm Stadium and Gila River Arena . Continuing northward through Peoria , it encounters the Grand Avenue portion of US 60 and passes

212-606: A diverging diamond interchange . Happy Valley Road continues east from I-17 as a six-lane divided highway but then reduces to two lanes east of 19th Street. The highway crosses the Central Arizona Project aqueduct before curving south toward its end, where it seamlessly becomes Seventh Street. Indian School Road runs continuously east/west for approximately 41 miles with the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community at

318-735: A four-leaf clover . A cloverleaf is the minimum interchange required for a four-legged system interchange. Although they were commonplace until the 1970s, most highway departments and ministries have sought to rebuild them into more efficient and safer designs. The cloverleaf interchange was invented by Maryland engineer Arthur Hale, who filed a patent for its design on May   24, 1915. The first one in North America opened on December   15, 1929, in Woodbridge, New Jersey, connecting New Jersey Route   25 and Route   4 (now U.S. Route   1/9 and New Jersey Route   35). It

424-407: A teardrop shape, with the points facing towards the center of the interchange. Longer ramps are often required due to line-of-sight requirements at roundabouts. A partial cloverleaf interchange (often shortened to the portmanteau, parclo ) is an interchange with loops ramps in one to three quadrants, and diamond interchange ramps in any number of quadrants. The various configurations are generally

530-630: A collection of neighborhoods north of Downtown and south of the North-Central and Sunnyslope areas. For the most part, Central Avenue marks the "zero" point of east/west addresses in the Phoenix area. Country Club Drive is a north–south arterial road in the southeastern part of the Phoenix metropolitan area . The highway comprises the portion of Arizona State Route 87 (SR 87) within the city of Mesa . The entire length of Country Club Drive

636-399: A complex appearance and are often colloquially described as Mixing Bowls , Mixmasters (for a Sunbeam Products brand of electric kitchen mixers ), or as Spaghetti Bowls or Spaghetti Junctions (being compared to boiled spaghetti ). However, they consume a significantly smaller area of land compared to a cloverleaf interchange. A combination interchange (sometimes referred to by

742-541: A diamond interchange with SR 202 (Red Mountain Freeway) and reaches its northern terminus at SR 87's bridge across the Salt River . SR 87 continues north along Beeline Highway. Elliot Road is an east–west arterial road in the southeastern part of the Phoenix metropolitan area . The highway extends from 44th Street in far southern Phoenix east through Tempe , Chandler , Gilbert , and Mesa to Meridian Road at

848-475: A directional T interchange) is typically used when a three-way interchange is required for two or three highways interchanging in semi-parallel/perpendicular directions, but it can also be used in right-angle case as well. Their connecting ramps can spur from either the right or left side of the highway, depending on the direction of travel and the angle. Directional T interchanges use flyover/underpass ramps for both connecting and mainline segments, and they require

954-412: A dumbbell interchange or a dogbone interchange, is similar to the diamond interchange, but uses a pair of roundabouts in place of intersections to join the highway ramps with the crossroad. This typically increases the efficiency of the interchange when compared to a diamond, but is only ideal in light traffic conditions. In the dogbone variation, the roundabouts do not form a complete circle, instead having

1060-602: A five-way intersection with north–south Seventh Street and east–west Dunlap Road in the North Mountain urban village of the city of Phoenix. The highway heads northeast as a four-lane road with center turn lane between North Mountain to the west and Stoney Mountain to the east. Cave Creek Road curves north as it enters the urban village of Paradise Valley and intersects another principal arterial, which heads northwest as Thunderbird Road and east as Cactus Road . The highway expands to six lanes and heads northeast along

1166-431: A four-lane highway. It passes by Bell Bank Park and intersects with Arizona State Route 24 (SR 24; Gateway Freeway). Ellsworth Road continues and has a diamond interchange with U.S. Route 60 (Superstition Freeway). After six more miles, Ellsworth Road ends and continues as Usery Pass Road. Gilbert Road is a north–south arterial road in the southeastern part of the Phoenix metropolitan area . The highway extends from

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1272-627: A four-lane road with center turn lane. Elliot Road intersects SR 87 (Arizona Avenue) 0.5 miles (0.80 km) west of a rail line that forms the Chandler–Gilbert border. Within Gilbert, the highway passes the historic Gilbert Elementary School building. At the Eastern Canal, Elliot Road becomes divided again, which the road stays until midway between Recker Road and Power Road . The highway continues with two lanes through Power Road, where

1378-671: A fourth general-purpose lane in each direction for the 13-mile segment from I-17 to Pima Road in Scottsdale and northeast Phoenix. Construction was completed in January 2022. In May 2019, construction began to add a fourth general-purpose lane in each direction for the 6.4-mile segment from Baseline Road to Loop 202 (Santan Freeway) in the East Valley. Construction was completed in August 2020. Construction began in January 2024 to add

1484-418: A fourth general-purpose lane in each direction for the 4.5-mile segment from Shea Boulevard to Princess Drive/Pima Road. Construction is expected to be completed in early 2026. Construction is planned to begin in fall 2024 to add a fourth general-purpose lane in each direction for the six-mile segment from 75th Avenue to I-17 in the northwest valley. Direct HOV lane connections are planned to be constructed at

1590-667: A moderate amount of land and moderate costs since only two levels of roadway are typically used. Their name derives from their resemblance to the capital letter T, depending upon the angle from which the interchange is seen and the alignment of the roads that are interchanging. It is sometimes known as the "New England Y", as this design is often seen in the northeastern United States, particularly in Connecticut. This type of interchange features directional ramps (no loops, or weaving right to turn left) and can use multilane ramps in comparatively little space. Some designs have two ramps and

1696-454: A parclo AB features a loop ramp approaching the crossroad in one direction, and beyond the crossroad in the opposing direction, as in the example image. A diverging diamond interchange (DDI) or double crossover diamond interchange (DCD) is similar to a traditional diamond interchange, except the opposing lanes on the crossroad cross each other twice, once on each side of the highway. This allows all highway entrances and exits to avoid crossing

1802-491: A partial interchage with SR 202 (Red Mountain Freeway) allowing access to and from the west; access to the other direction of SR 202 is provided by McDowell Road. Gilbert Road continues through north of Mesa and ends at Beeline Highway. The portion of U.S. Route 60 that enters Phoenix from the northwest Valley is known as Grand Avenue, a street which slices through west Phoenix at a 45-degree angle. This makes it instantly recognizable on any City of Phoenix map, and it represents

1908-439: A safer modification of the cloverleaf design, due to a partial or complete reduction in weaving, but may require traffic lights on the lesser-travelled crossroad. Depending on the number of ramps used, they take up a moderate to large amount of land, and have varying capacity and efficiency. Parclo configurations are given names based on the location of and number of quadrants with ramps. The letter A denotes that, for traffic on

2014-675: A six-lane highway for almost two miles, passing through Queen Creek Marketplace, where Ellsworth Road is now a two-lane highway and passes through Queen Creek Historical Town Hall and Founders' Park, both roads also provide entrances for the Queen Creek Library. Ellsworth Road continues until Walnut Road, which acts as a connecting point for the two roads where Ellsworth Loop Road turns back into Ellsworth Road. Ellsworth Road continues in Queen Creek for another mile, and enters Mesa after passing Germann Road, where it continues as

2120-543: A small angle and meet the non-freeway at almost right angles. These ramps at the non-freeway can be controlled through stop signs , traffic signals , or turn ramps. Diamond interchanges are much more economical in use of materials and land than other interchange designs, as the junction does not normally require more than one bridge to be constructed. However, their capacity is lower than other interchanges and when traffic volumes are high they can easily become congested. A double roundabout diamond interchange, also known as

2226-502: A south-easterly bend and, at its intersection with Scottsdale Road, becomes Frank Lloyd Wright Boulevard, named in recognition of architect and designer Frank Lloyd Wright . This alignment was built in the mid-1970s during the construction of the CAP canal. In this area of Scottsdale , a non-contiguous segment of Bell Road approximately 3 miles (4.8 km) long exists north of Frank Lloyd Wright Boulevard, which includes an intersection with

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2332-422: A southern point of Arizona State Route 87 south of Chandler to Beeline Highway , north of Mesa . Gilbert Road begins at a southern point of Arizona State Route 87 and after passing by Gila River Resorts and Casino, the highway continues and passes through Chandler for five miles, where after Germann Road, the highway follows the border between the city of Chandler to the west, and the city of Gilbert to

2438-410: A standard intersection , where roads cross at grade . Interchanges are almost always used when at least one road is a controlled-access highway (freeway) or a limited-access highway (expressway), though they are sometimes used at junctions between surface streets. Note: The descriptions of interchanges apply to countries where vehicles drive on the right side of the road. For left-side driving,

2544-401: A three-level semi-directional T at Highway 407 and a two-level semi-directional T at Highway 401 . Service interchanges are used between a controlled-access route and a crossroad that is not controlled-access. A full cloverleaf may be used as a system or a service interchange. A diamond interchange is an interchange involving four ramps where they enter and leave the freeway at

2650-509: A three-way interchange. However, in a semi-directional T, some of the splits and merges are switched to avoid ramps to and from the passing lane , eliminating the major disadvantage of the directional T. Semi-directional T interchanges are generally safe and efficient, though they do require more land and are costlier than trumpet interchanges. Semi-directional T interchanges are built as two- or three-level junctions, with three-level interchanges typically used in urban or suburban areas where land

2756-442: A toll road meets another toll road or a free highway. They are also useful when most traffic on the terminating highway is going in the same direction. The turn that is used less often would contain the slower loop ramp. Trumpet interchanges are often used instead of directional or semi-directional T or Y interchanges because they require less bridge construction but still eliminate weaving. A full Y-interchange (also known as

2862-422: A traditional stack interchange. A three-level roundabout interchange features a grade-separated roundabout which handles traffic exchanging between highways. The ramps of the interchanging highways meet at a roundabout , or rotary, on a separated level above, below, or in the middle of the two highways. These interchanges can also be used to make a "linking road" to the destination for a service interchange, or

2968-597: Is a historic street in Tempe. In north Tempe near Arizona State University , the street runs through a popular, pedestrian-friendly shopping and nightlife district. Mill Avenue was originally centered around the Hayden Flour Mill, which, while disused, still stands on the north end of the Avenue. Today, the avenue plays host to many bars , designer shopping stores, as well as many fairs , and city festivals . It

3074-446: Is a 3-level stack, since the semi-directional ramps are spaced out far enough, so they do not need to cross each other at a single point as in a conventional 4-level stack. Stacks are significantly more expensive than other four-way interchanges are due to the design of the four levels; additionally, they may suffer from objections of local residents because of their height and high visual impact. Large stacks with multiple levels may have

3180-586: Is a north–south arterial road in the southeastern part of the Phoenix metropolitan area . The highway comprises the portion of Arizona State Route 87 (SR 87) within the city of Chandler . The entire length of Arizona Avenue is part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial. Arizona Avenue begins at Hunt Highway, which forms the south city limit of Chandler and also the Maricopa – Pinal county line. This intersection also forms

3286-501: Is an arterial road in the north central part of the Phoenix metropolitan area . The highway is part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial from its southern terminus at Seventh Street in Phoenix north to Carefree Highway on the border of Cave Creek and Carefree . Cave Creek Road continues as a collector road north and east through Cave Creek, Carefree, and the far northern part of Scottsdale to its northern terminus near Camp Creek . Cave Creek Road begins at

Arizona State Route 101 - Misplaced Pages Continue

3392-428: Is an alternative four-way directional interchange. The turbine interchange requires fewer levels (usually two or three) while retaining directional ramps throughout. It features right-exit, left-turning ramps that sweep around the center of the interchange in a clockwise spiral . A full turbine interchange features a minimum of 18 overpasses, and requires more land to construct than a four-level stack interchange; however,

3498-477: Is braided when at least one of the roadways reverses sides. It seeks to make left and right turns equally easy. In a pure braided interchange, each roadway has one right exit, one left exit, one right on-ramp, and one left on-ramp, and both roadways are flipped. The first pure braided interchange was built in Baltimore at Interstate 95 at Interstate 695 ; however, the interchange was reconfigured in 2008 to

3604-470: Is more expensive. In a three-level semi-directional T, the two semi-directional ramps from the terminating highway cross the surviving highway at or near a single point, which requires both an overpass and underpass. In a two-level semi-directional T, the two semi-directional ramps from the terminating highway cross each other at a different point than the surviving highway, necessitating longer ramps and often one ramp having two overpasses. Highway 412 has

3710-619: Is not continuous. The longest continuous stretch of Baseline Road is approximately 43 miles (69 km). The road is located in Maricopa County and Pinal County . There is also a rural road named Baseline Road in southern La Paz County close to the Colorado River which is located near Arizona's baseline. Because of the grid plan used by cities in Arizona, the name for the road is applied for non-contiguous sections and

3816-574: Is one of the few roadways to cross the Agua Fria River in the northern part of the metro area, providing a link between the growing suburb of Surprise with Phoenix. As a result, the portion of Bell Road passing through Surprise and Sun City is the busiest arterial road in the state of Arizona. The main segment of Bell Road, approximately 31 miles (50 km) in length, begins at the corporate boundaries of Phoenix and Scottsdale at its intersection with Scottsdale Road; east of Scottsdale Road,

3922-458: Is part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial from SR 303 to Interstate 17 (I-17). Happy Valley Road begins at 163rd Avenue in Surprise . It travels east for six miles before intersecting Loop 303 (Bob Stump Memorial Parkway) at a single-point urban interchange in an unincorporated area west of Peoria . Happy Valley Road expands to six lanes east of Loop 303 and crosses

4028-495: Is part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial, along with the 2-mile-long (3.2 km) section of 83rd Avenue from the southern end of Lake Pleasant Parkway south to Bell Road . The principal arterial segment of 83rd Avenue is also described in this section. The principal arterial section of 83rd Avenue begins at Bell Road, which at that intersection forms the border of the cities of Peoria and Glendale . 83rd Avenue continues south fully into Peoria, where it serves

4134-546: Is part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial. Country Club Drive begins at the Western Canal at the south city limit of Mesa; SR 87 continues south into the city of Chandler as Arizona Avenue . Country Club Drive heads north as a six-lane road with center turn lane that becomes a divided highway at the south end of the S-curve in which the highway intersects Baseline Road . North of Baseline Road,

4240-413: Is part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial. Carefree Highway is the inspiration for Gordon Lightfoot 's eponymous song . Carefree Highway begins at Lake Pleasant Parkway in a rural part of the city of Peoria; SR 74 continues west as Lake Pleasant Road toward its western terminus at U.S. Route 60 near Morristown . Carefree Highway heads east as a two-lane road through open desert in

4346-668: Is theoretically reserved for future east–west roads built at the same latitude. Starting from east, the road begins in Apache Junction in Pinal County, named Baseline Avenue and is a small segment of thoroughfare in a residential neighborhood at the foothills of the Superstition Mountains . The route picks up again and runs due westward, running parallel to US 60 . At the Maricopa County border,

Arizona State Route 101 - Misplaced Pages Continue

4452-585: The Agua Fria River into the city of Peoria. The highway intersects Lake Pleasant Parkway and passes along the south flank of Sunrise Mountain before crossing the New River. Shortly after entering the Deer Valley urban village of the city of Phoenix, Happy Valley Road becomes a four-lane road with center turn lane and passes to the south of Ludden Mountain. The highway expands to six lanes, crosses Skunk Creek, and meets I-17 (Arizona Veterans Highway) at

4558-624: The Maricopa – Pinal county line. Elliot Road is part of the National Highway System as a principal arterial from Interstate 10 (I-10) at the Phoenix–Tempe border east to Arizona State Route 202 (SR 202) in Mesa. Elliot Road begins at 44th Street in the Ahwatukee urban village of the city of Phoenix. The road loops southwest as Elliot Warner Loop, which curves counterclockwise to Warner Road, which parallels Elliot Road 1 mile (1.6 km) to

4664-726: The Peoria Sports Complex before entering northwestern Glendale and curving east just past the Arrowhead Towne Center mall. The route then heads east along the Beardsley Road alignment. The freeway enters northern Phoenix, and at milepost 23, Loop 101 intersects I-17 15 miles (24 km) north of Downtown Phoenix . Pima Freeway Continuing east as the Pima Freeway, Loop 101 travels just south of Deer Valley Airport before intersecting

4770-482: The Peoria Sports Complex , the spring training home of the San Diego Padres and Seattle Mariners . From Bell Road, 83rd Avenue heads north fully into Glendale and passes to the west of Arrowhead Towne Center . The four-lane divided highway crosses over SR 101 (Agua Fria Freeway) without access; Bell Road has an interchange with the freeway just west of 83rd Avenue. 83rd Avenue parallels and then crosses

4876-413: The Phoenix metropolitan area . The highway begins where Arizona State Route 74 (SR 74) meets the north end of Lake Pleasant Parkway in northern Peoria ; SR 74 continues west along Lake Pleasant Road. Carefree Highway extends east through Interstate 17 (I-17), which is the eastern terminus of SR 74, to Scottsdale Road on the border of Scottsdale and Carefree . The entire length of Carefree Highway

4982-566: The Salt River Pima–Maricopa Indian Community , the state of Arizona paid the tribe $ 247 million for right of way for the nine-mile eastern leg of Loop 101 from Via Linda to the north bank of the Salt River . The resulting alignment kept all four corners of each interchange on tribal land, allowing the community to control and benefit from development. The tribe formed a development arm, Salt River DevCo, to manage these and other community developable properties. Loop 101

5088-400: The controlled-access highway , the loop ramps are located in advance of (or approaching ) the crossroad, and thus provide an onramp to the highway. The letter B indicated that the loop ramps are beyond the crossroad, and thus provide an offramp from the highway. These letters can be used together when opposite directions of travel on the controlled-access highway are not symmetrical, thus

5194-403: The "inside" through road (on the same side as the freeway that ends) crossing each other at a three-level bridge. The directional T interchange is preferred to a trumpet interchange because a trumpet requires a loop ramp by which speeds can be reduced, but flyover ramps can handle much faster speeds. The disadvantage of the directional T is that traffic from the terminating road enters and leaves on

5300-752: The Annex: Soul Invictus, the Lucky Rabbit & Gallery Marsiglia, Lady Luck Tattoo, and other design houses and studios. As a result of this revitalization the Grand Avenue Merchants Association (GAMA) formed to address a "Grand New Vision" and to bring the Grand Avenue community together with other neighborhood associations to form an arts, culture and small business district with a mind towards adaptive reuse of historical buildings, infill projects and both small business and community based outreach. In 2011,

5406-586: The City of Phoenix was chosen as one of five U.S. capitals to receive federal design assistance through the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Greening America's Capitals program, with the goal of creating a more environmentally and economically sustainable design along the lower Grand Avenue corridor. Happy Valley Road is an east–west arterial road in the northern part of the Phoenix metropolitan area . The highway extends from 163rd Avenue in Surprise east to Seventh Street in Phoenix . Happy Valley Road

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5512-525: The I-10 interchange between Loop 101 and I-10 east. Construction is planned to begin in 2025 and be completed in 2027. The Northern Avenue interchange in Peoria is planned to be upgraded to a diverging diamond interchange (DDI) . It will be the first DDI on Loop 101, and construction is expected to begin in 2025 and be completed in 2027. The entire route is in Maricopa County . Interchange (road) In

5618-432: The New River before reaching Union Hills Drive, which also provides access to SR 101. The avenue expands to six lanes as it continues into the city of Peoria to Beardsley Road, where the highway continues as Lake Pleasant Parkway. The parkway curves west; within the curve is an intersection with another section of 83rd Avenue, where the parkway reduces to four lanes. Lake Pleasant Parkway continues west until 98th Avenue, where

5724-750: The Red Mountain Freeway portion of Loop 202 in Tempe at milepost 51. This interchange is partially built over the Salt River . Price Freeway Loop 101 then becomes the Price Freeway and continues south, passing Arizona State University to the east. The route then intersects the Superstition Freeway portion of US 60 at milepost 55 before entering Chandler . Loop 101 provides access to Chandler Fashion Center just prior to concluding at milepost 61 at an interchange with

5830-539: The Santan Freeway portion of Loop 202 (signs for AZ-101 Loop S). Loop 101 was a part of the 1985 Maricopa County Regional Transportation Plan that was funded by a sales tax approved by Maricopa County voters that year. The freeway was originally assigned two different route numbers along its path: The Agua Fria Freeway portion was initially designated as SR 417, and the Pima/Price Freeway portion

5936-548: The United States opened on July   7, 2009, in Springfield, Missouri , at the junction of Interstate 44 and Missouri Route 13 . A single-point urban interchange (SPUI) or single-point diamond interchange (SPDI) is a modification of a diamond interchange in which all four ramps to and from a controlled-access highway converge at a single, three-phase traffic light in the middle of an overpass or underpass. While

6042-401: The bridges are generally short in length. Coupled with reduced maintenance costs, a turbine interchange is a less costly alternative to a stack. A windmill interchange is similar to a turbine interchange, but it has much sharper turns, reducing its size and capacity. The interchange is named for its similar overhead appearance to the blades of a windmill . A variation of the windmill, called

6148-617: The city of Phoenix and then follows the northern city limit along the Desert View urban village. Carefree Highway then follows the south town limit of Cave Creek and briefly enters that town around its intersection with Cave Creek Road . The highway drops to two lanes and follows the border between Scottsdale to the south and Carefree to the north before reaching its eastern terminus at a three-legged intersection with Scottsdale Road, which heads south into Scottsdale, and Tom Darlington Drive, which heads north into Carefree. Cave Creek Road

6254-507: The compact design is safer, more efficient, and offers increased capacity—with three light phases as opposed to four in a traditional diamond, and two left turn queues on the arterial road instead of four—the significantly wider overpass or underpass structure makes them more costly than most service interchanges. Since single-point urban interchanges can exist in rural areas, such as the interchange of U.S. Route 23 with M-59 in Michigan ;

6360-537: The creation of a new basic road as a service interchange. Trumpet interchanges may be used where one highway terminates at another highway, and are named as such for to their resemblance to trumpets . They are sometimes called jug handles . These interchanges are very common on toll roads , as they concentrate all entering and exiting traffic into a single stretch of roadway, where toll plazas can be installed once to handle all traffic, especially on ticket-based tollways . A double-trumpet interchange can be found where

6466-448: The diverging windmill, increases capacity by altering the direction of traffic flow of the interchanging highways, making the connecting ramps much more direct. There also is a hybrid interchange somewhat like the diverging windmill in which left turn exits merge on the left, but it differs in that the left turn exits use left directional ramps. A braided or diverging interchange is a two-level, four-way interchange. An interchange

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6572-710: The east end and Buckeye & Maricopa County White Tank Mountain Regional Park at the west end. It intersects with Arizona State Route 101, Arizona State Route 51, Interstate 17 , US 60/Grand Avenue and Arizona State Route 303. Though running predominantly through the metro Phoenix area, Indian School Road does continue west of the White Tank Mountains from approximately 27600 West to 41100 West (411th Avenue being an overpass and access to Tonopah and Interstate 10 ) to 46700 West, and from 48700 West to Harquahala Valley Road (52000 West). Indian School Road

6678-548: The east to Litchfield Park in the west, and runs through the city of Phoenix. Scottsdale Fashion Square is located at the corner of Camelback and Scottsdale Roads. Camelback Road runs directly south of Phoenix's famous Camelback Mountain and the Phoenician Resort . Further west, the upscale Biltmore district of Phoenix is located along Camelback Road, including the Arizona Biltmore Hotel (to

6784-433: The east, and has a diamond interchange with Arizona State Route 202 (SR 202; Santan Freeway). After passing Galveston Street, the highway leaves Chandler and continues fully through Gilbert and passes through Downtown Gilbert. At Baseline Road, the highway enters Mesa and has a diamond interchange with U.S. Route 60 (Superstition Freeway). Gilbert Road continues through Mesa for seven miles and south of McDowell Road, has

6890-528: The eastern leg of State Route 101. Prominent locations on or near Bell Road include the Scottsdale Municipal Airport , Turf Paradise , The Villas on Bell, Arrowhead Towne Center and the Peoria Sports Complex . Bell Road also forms the boundary of the original town site of Surprise. Camelback Road is a prominent street in the Phoenix metropolitan area. The street stretches continuously for approximately 33 miles from Scottsdale in

6996-436: The field of road transport , an interchange (American English) or a grade-separated junction (British English) is a road junction that uses grade separations to allow for the movement of traffic between two or more roadways or highways , using a system of interconnecting roadways to permit traffic on at least one of the routes to pass through the junction without interruption from crossing traffic streams. It differs from

7102-434: The final leg of US 60 into the heart of Phoenix. Although US 60 departs Grand Ave. at an interchange with 27th Avenue, Grand Ave. itself continues southeast towards the intersection of 7th Avenue and Van Buren Street . As of 2006, Lower Grand Avenue, between Roosevelt Street on the north and Van Buren Street on the south, has been experiencing a renaissance, as art venues, bars, cafes and small businesses have emerged amid

7208-473: The first roads to feature grade-separations. Maryland engineer Arthur Hale filed a patent for the design of a cloverleaf interchange on May   24, 1915, though the conceptual roadwork was not realised until a cloverleaf opened on December   15, 1929, in Woodbridge, New Jersey , connecting New Jersey Route 25 and Route 4 (now U.S. Route 1/9 and New Jersey Route 35 ). It

7314-527: The full completion of the entire 61-mile route. Loop 101 was built with three general-purpose lanes in each direction along with one auxiliary lane with the exception of the three-mile stretch from Loop 202 (Red Mountain Freeway) to US 60 where there were four general-purpose lanes in each direction. In January 2006, Scottsdale installed speed enforcement cameras along its 7.8 mile stretch of Loop 101 to lower speeds and reduce collisions. There were six cameras placed in total, three in each direction. The system

7420-455: The highway curves north. North of Happy Valley Road , the highway's surroundings gradually change to open desert. North of its diamond interchange with SR 303 , Lake Pleasant Parkway reduces to two lanes and crosses the Central Arizona Project aqueduct . The highway passes to the east of Pleasant Valley Airport before reaching its northern terminus at SR 74, which heads west as Lake Pleasant Road and east as Carefree Highway . Mill Avenue

7526-544: The highway enters Mesa. Elliot Road crosses the East Maricopa Floodway and expands to a six-lane divided highway at its diamond interchange with SR 202 (Santan Freeway). The highway's median becomes a center turn lane shortly before the road reaches its eastern terminus at Meridian Road at the east city limit of Mesa, also the Maricopa–Pinal county line. Ellsworth Road is a north–south arterial road in

7632-674: The highway has a diamond interchange with U.S. Route 60 (Superstition Freeway). At the southwest corner of downtown Mesa, Country Club Drive has a one-quadrant interchange with Broadway Road and then immediately passes under the Union Pacific Railroad main line. West of downtown, the highway intersects Main Street and the Valley Metro Rail light rail immediately to the west of its Country Club/Main Street station . North of McKellips Road, Country Club Drive has

7738-535: The layout of junctions is mirrored. Both North American (NA) and British (UK) terminology is included. The concept of the controlled-access highway developed in the 1920s and 1930s in Italy, Germany, the United States, and Canada. Initially, these roads featured at-grade intersections along their length. Interchanges were developed to provide access between these new highways and heavily-travelled surface streets. The Bronx River Parkway and Long Island Motor Parkway were

7844-632: The length of the primary baseline for Arizona as given under the Public Land Survey System . This line runs east–west from the "zero point" atop a hill near the confluence of the Gila and Salt rivers, on Avondale Boulevard (115th Avenue) at Baseline Road. This site is next to Phoenix Raceway . Avondale Boulevard is laid out atop the north–south base meridian, called the Gila and Salt River meridian . Due to natural obstructions, Baseline

7950-544: The north end of downtown, Arizona Avenue passes the Chandler Center for the Arts and Chandler High School and becomes a six-lane road with center turn lane . The highway continues through an intersection with Elliot Road to the Western Canal, where SR 87 continues north into the city of Mesa as Country Club Drive . Baseline Road is a significant east–west arterial road. This road is so named because it runs along

8056-467: The north), Biltmore Fashion Park , as well as one of Phoenix's primary business districts (sometimes called the Camelback Corridor ). In Litchfield Park, Camelback Road passes the historic Wigwam Hotel , built in 1918. West of Litchfield Park, Camelback Road skirts the southern boundary of Luke Air Force Base . Carefree Highway is an east–west arterial road in the northern part of

8162-620: The northern parts of Peoria and then the North Gateway urban village of the city of Phoenix . Shortly before reaching I-17 (Arizona Veterans Highway), the highway passes the Ben Avery Shooting Facility . SR 74 reaches its eastern terminus at the partial cloverleaf interchange with I-17; Carefree Road continues east as a four-lane divided municipal highway. The highway curves through a mountain range before returning to its longitudinal course, along which it leaves

8268-523: The northern terminus of SR 51 at milepost 29. East of this junction, Loop 101 curves south through Scottsdale on the Pima Road alignment. The freeway then curves east and passes through the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community , just south of Via Linda providing access to Downtown Scottsdale, Scottsdale Pavilions, Scottsdale Community College , two casinos , and Scottsdale Fashion Square . Continuing south, Loop 101 encounters an interchange with

8374-405: The northern terminus of SR 587 ; SR 87 briefly heads east on Hunt Highway before turning southeast fully into Pinal County. Arizona Avenue heads north as a four-lane divided highway. Between Riggs Road and Chandler Heights Road, the road expands to six lanes. North of its diamond interchange with SR 202 (Santan Freeway), the highway reduces to four lanes and passes through downtown Chandler. At

8480-594: The opposite direction of travel and saves one signal phase of traffic lights each. The first DDIs were constructed in the French communities of Versailles ( A13 at D182), Le Perreux-sur-Marne ( A4 at N486) and Seclin ( A1 at D549), in the 1970s. Despite the fact that such interchanges already existed, the idea for the DDI was "reinvented" around 2000, inspired by the freeway-to-freeway interchange between Interstate 95 and I-695 north of Baltimore . The first DDI in

8586-463: The other side of the Gila River at an orthogonal junction with Perryville Rd. as CR-85 and continues westward through central Buckeye . From there, it continues through farmland in western Maricopa county in various non-continuous segments. The segment of Baseline Road farthest west in Maricopa County is just past 547th Avenue. Due to the ease of navigation on this extremely long route, as well as

8692-513: The passing lane, so the semi-directional T interchange (see below) is preferred. The interchange of Highway 416 and Highway 417 in Ontario, constructed in the early 1990s, is one of the few directional T interchanges, as most transportation departments had switched to the semi-directional T design. As with a directional T interchange, a semi-directional T interchange uses flyover (overpass) or underpass ramps in all directions at

8798-543: The portmanteau, cloverstack ) is a hybrid of other interchange designs. It uses loop ramps to serve slower or less-occupied traffic flow , and flyover ramps to serve faster and heavier traffic flows. If local and express ways serving the same directions and each roadway is connected righthand to the interchange, extra ramps are installed. The combination interchange design is commonly used to upgrade cloverleaf interchanges to increase their capacity and eliminate weaving. Some turbine-stack hybrids: The turbine interchange

8904-467: The problem of weaving, and due to the semi-directional flyover ramps and directional ramps, they are generally safe and efficient at handling high traffic volumes in all directions. A standard stack interchange includes roads on four levels, also known as a 4-level stack, including the two perpendicular highways, and one more additional level for each pair of left-turn ramps. These ramps can be stacked (cross) in various configurations above, below, or between

9010-455: The rightmost lane. After demerging from right-turning traffic, they complete their left turn by crossing both highways on a flyover ramp or underpass. The penultimate step is a merge with the right-turn on-ramp traffic from the opposite quadrant of the interchange. Finally, an on-ramp merges both streams of incoming traffic into the left-bound highway. As there is only one off-ramp and one on-ramp (in that respective order), stacks do not suffer from

9116-547: The road enters Mesa and is named Baseline Road. It becomes a major arterial road as it passes through Gilbert and Tempe. In Tempe, it intersects Loop 101 and then Interstate 10 . Continuing, the road runs through south Phoenix and the major arterial segment of the road terminates in the Gila River Indian Community , approximately where the Salt River joins the Gila River . The road reappears on

9222-421: The road is extended. US 70 and US 17 west of New Bern, North Carolina is an example. A stack interchange is a four-way interchange whereby a semi-directional left turn and a directional right turn are both available. Usually, access to both turns is provided simultaneously by a single off-ramp. Assuming right-handed driving, to cross over incoming traffic and go left, vehicles first exit onto an off-ramp from

9328-652: The road known as Apache Boulevard in Tempe continues east as Main Street in neighboring Mesa and then as Apache Trail in Apache Junction . Although Broadway Road maintains the same name through Goodyear , Avondale , Phoenix , Tempe, Mesa, and Apache Junction, each town uses a different reference point for address numbers. Three arterial roads run continuously for over 40 miles (Baseline Road, Southern Avenue, and Indian School Road). Four other arterial roads run continuously for over 30 miles (Broadway Road, Camelback Road, McDowell Road, and Bell Road). Arizona Avenue

9434-795: The roadway curves to the southeast and becomes Frank Lloyd Wright Boulevard. Traveling west, the road intersects with State Route 51 and Interstate 17 in Phoenix, the western leg of State Route 101 in Peoria , and U.S. Route 60 and State Route 303 in Surprise. West of the Beardsley Canal, the roadway curves around the White Tank Mountain Regional Park , becoming the Sun Valley Parkway through northern Buckeye . East of 66th Street, Bell Road takes

9540-446: The significant number of municipalities that the route encompasses, it is a favorite street for those electing not to use Phoenix's many freeways such as I-10 and US 60. Notable locations along or near Baseline Road include Arizona Mills and Phoenix International Raceway . Baseline Road runs through the historical farming community of Laveen . Bell Road is a major east–west arterial road in northern metropolitan Phoenix. Bell Road

9646-403: The south. Eliott Road begins as a four-lane road with center turn lane but expands to a six-lane divided highway at 48th Street. The highway leaves Phoenix and enters Tempe at its diamond interchange with I-10 (Maricopa Freeway). Within Tempe, Elliot Road intersects Rural Road . The highway meets SR 101 (Price Freeway) at a diamond interchange and enters Chandler, where the highway reduces to

9752-486: The southeastern part of the Phoenix metropolitan area . The highway extends from Hunt Highway in Queen Creek to Usery Pass Road, north of Mesa . Ellsworth Road begins in Queen Creek, at the western terminus of Hunt Highway, For over two miles, the highway continues and north of Chandler Heights Road, the highway breaks into two different roads, Ellsworth Loop Road and Ellsworth Road, Ellsworth Loop Road continues as

9858-461: The suburban sprawl of Desert View before the principal arterial portion of the highway ends at Carefree Highway. Central Avenue extends from South Mountain Park to North Mountain in Phoenix. The Central Avenue Corridor, roughly from Camelback Road to McDowell Road, is one of Phoenix's most heavily trafficked stretches of roadway. The Central Avenue Corridor bisects the area known as Midtown, Phoenix ,

9964-740: The term single-point diamond interchange is considered the correct phrasing. Single-point interchanges were first built in the early 1970s along U.S. Route 19 in the Tampa Bay area of Florida , including the SR 694 interchange in St. Petersburg and SR 60 in Clearwater . Scottsdale Road Many arterial roads in the Phoenix metropolitan area have the same name in multiple cities or towns. Some roads change names or route numbers across town borders, resulting in occasional confusion. For example,

10070-502: The two interchanging highways. This makes them distinct from turbine interchanges, where pairs of left-turn ramps are separated but at the same level. There are some stacks that could be considered 5-level; however, these remain four-way interchanges, since the fifth level actually consists of dedicated ramps for HOV /bus lanes or frontage roads running through the interchange. The stack interchange between I-10 and I-405 in Los Angeles

10176-534: The west flank of Shadow Mountain before heading straight north through an intersection with Bell Road and becoming a six-lane divided highway at its a single-point urban interchange with Arizona State Route 101 (Pima Freeway). Cave Creek Road enters the Desert View urban village as it crosses over the Central Arizona Project aqueduct . The highway curves north-north-east toward Cave Creek, drops to four lanes, and passes through several miles of open desert between lobes of suburban sprawl. Cave Creek Road returns to

10282-835: The work being done to restore historic properties, including decaying warehouses. On the first and third Fridays of every month, Grand Avenue hosts cultural events. Some of the venues associated with the Grand Avenue art scene include the Trunk Space, the Lodge Art Parlor, ShopDevious, the Icon Gallery, the Chocolate Factory, the Paisley Violin, La Melgosa Complex: Deus Ex Machina, the Phoenix Fall Space, Stop n' Look & Comet's Corner,

10388-638: Was built in stages from 1988 to 2002. The first segment of Loop 101 opened in November 1988, consisting of the two-mile stretch from Peoria Avenue to Northern Avenue in Peoria. Throughout the next 14 years, the other 59 miles of the route would be built including the interchanges with I-10, I-17, both Loop 202 Freeways, and the US 60. The final segment that was built was the two-mile stretch from Scottsdale Road to Pima Road in Scottsdale that opened in April 2002, marking

10494-982: Was calibrated to ticket anyone traveling 76 mph (122 km/h) or greater, as 65 mph (105 km/h) was the predetermined speed limit . The trial phase lasted from January to October 2006 before resuming full time in February 2007. There had been much criticism of the program since its inception, and it ended in 2010. Between 2007 and 2011, HOV lanes were constructed along the entire route in different phases. It included construction of direct HOV ramps between Loop 101 east and SR 51 south in Northern Phoenix and Loop 101 north and Loop 202 east (Santan Freeway) in Chandler. The Maryland Avenue HOV interchange in Glendale began construction in October 2013 and

10600-643: Was completed in March 2014. In August 2014, construction began to add a fourth general-purpose lane in each direction for the 11-mile segment from Shea Boulevard to Loop 202 in Scottsdale. Construction was completed in October 2016. The 64th Street interchange in northeast Phoenix opened in May 2015 after being built in 2008. Bethany Home Road was renamed Cardinals Way to honor the Arizona Cardinals in February 2019. In February 2019, construction began to add

10706-540: Was considered a revolutionary design at the time of its construction. A cloverleaf offers uninterrupted connections between two roads but suffers from weaving issues. Along the mainline, a loop ramp introduces traffic prior to a second loop ramp providing access to the crossroad, between which ingress and egress traffic mixes. For this reason, the cloverleaf interchange has fallen out of favour in place of combination interchanges . Some may be half cloverleaf containing ghost ramps which can be upgraded to full cloverleafs if

10812-422: Was described in 2010 by a New York Times reporter as "a bohemian commercial strip next to Arizona State University". At the northern end of the shopping district, the two Mill Avenue bridges cross the Salt River at Tempe Town Lake . One bridge was completed in 1931, the other in 1994. After the founding of Fort McDowell on the east side of central Arizona's Salt River Valley in 1865, farmers moved into

10918-436: Was designed by Philadelphia engineering firm Rudolph and Delano, based on a design seen in an Argentinian magazine. A system interchange connects multiple controlled-access highways, involving no at-grade signalised intersections. A cloverleaf interchange is a four-legged junction where left turns across opposing traffic are handled by non-directional loop ramps. It is named for its appearance from above, which resembles

11024-596: Was designed by Philadelphia engineering firm Rudolph and Delano based on a design seen in an Argentinian magazine. The first cloverleaf in Canada opened in 1938 at the junction of Highway 10 and what would become the Queen Elizabeth Way . The first cloverleaf outside of North America opened in Stockholm on October   15, 1935. Nicknamed Slussen , it was referred to as a "traffic carousel" and

11130-743: Was initially designated as SR 117. The Loop 101 designation was first assigned on December 18, 1987, at which time the South Mountain Freeway and the portion of the San Tan Freeway between I-10 and Price Road were also designated to be part of Loop 101. On July 19, 1991, the proposed South Mountain Freeway was renumbered as part of Loop 202. The San Tan Freeway portion of Loop 101 has never officially been renumbered, though this freeway section has been signed as Loop 202 since its opening. In 1990, after several years of negotiation with

11236-524: Was named in territorial days as the road to the Phoenix Indian School (1890–1991) located on the site of the present Steele Indian School Park . Lake Pleasant Parkway is an arterial road in the northwestern part of the Phoenix metropolitan area . The highway extends from the intersection of 83rd Avenue and Beardsley Road west and north to Arizona State Route 74 (SR 74), all within Peoria . The entire length of Lake Pleasant Parkway

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