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48-504: The central part of the comarca, Priorat històric , produces the highly regarded wines that are certified under the DOQ Priorat . Wines from elsewhere in the comarca are certified as DO Montsant although this region also has a small segment of the neighboring comarca, Ribera d'Ebre . However, galena mining was the main activity since prehistoric times until 1972, when the last galena mine closed. The other main agricultural activity

96-431: A castellan , with the order to build a church. On 29 June 1159, the distribution of income from ecclesiastical goods, the third of its Reus parish of Santa Maria was awarded to the camerlengo, starting the duplicity of governing the town. The camerlengo has the third of Reus parish. At this time the city was known as Redis or Reddis . The castellan Bernat de Bell-lloc gave the title of town to Reus on 3 August 1183, giving

144-692: A roller hockey team Reus Deportiu , one of the most important in Spain, and dispute the main league OK Liga . The association football team was CF Reus Deportiu . The Barcelona Dragons of the European League of Football plan to play their home games at the local Estadi Municipal . In recent years, tourism in Reus has expanded as more and more people come to the Costa Daurada region for their summer holidays or some winter sun. Nowadays,

192-567: A wine called L'Ermita sourced from very old Priorat vines, which led to an increased interest in using the region's existing vineyards to produce wines in a new style. The Catalan authorities approved of Priorat's elevation from DO to DOQ status in 2000, but national level confirmation from the Spanish Government in Madrid came only on 6 July 2009. In the period from 2000 to 2009, when it was approved as DOQ but not yet as DOCa, despite

240-447: Is Csa . During the 19th and 20th centuries Reus became known as one of the world's major centers of liquor production, and was home to over 30 producers of vermouth . Today Reus is home to major exporters of vermouth including Yzaguirre, Iris (Muller), Miró, and Fot-Li. The principal Reus festivity is Sant Pere on 29 June, declared of National Touristic Interest. One of the most characteristic and popular acts of these festivities

288-501: Is almost entirely surrounded by the DO Montsant , which makes wine in a similar style. The demarcated zone has a total size of 19,783 hectares (48,880 acres). The Priorat DOQ is formed around 12 towns: Bellmunt del Priorat, Gratallops, el Lloar, la Morera de Montsant, Porrera, Poboleda, Scala Dei, Torroja del Priorat, la Vilella Alta and la Vilella Baixa, and the grape growing zones of Masos de Falset and Solanes del Molar. The area

336-442: Is as follows: In 2008, 4,796 tonnes (5,287 tons) of grapes were harvested, of which 4,580 tonnes (5,050 tons) (96%) was red grapes and 198.5 tonnes (218.8 tons) (4%) white grapes. This resulted in 27,698 hectolitres (609,300 imp gal; 731,700 US gal) of wine. During the recent expansion of Priorat vineyards, production of red grapes has expanded, while the production of white grapes has even declined somewhat. Thus,

384-403: Is foreseen. Some producers have yields of only around 5 hectoliter per hectare. The traditional reds from El Priorat are a single grape ("varietal") bottling of Grenache or Carignan , or a blend of these two grapes in a Bordeaux style with other French varieties such as Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot , or Syrah , among others. Few wineries (cellars) follow these guidelines strictly, and

432-533: Is of volcanic origin which confers interesting characteristics to the soil. The basis (called llicorella in Catalan) comprises reddish and black slate with small particles of mica , which reflects the sunlight and conserves heat. The 50 centimetres (20 in) thick topsoil is formed of decomposed slate and mica. These characteristics force the roots of the vines to reach the base for water, nutrition and minerals. These soil characteristics confer special quality to

480-434: Is that the name has Celtic roots, from the root red that originated the name redis (or reddis ), that would approximately mean place in the way / place in the roads , or said alternatively, an inhabited place in a cross-road. Around 1150 Robert d'Aguiló repopulated the region of Reus, after receiving it on 3 June 1154. On 5 June 1154 the archbishop of Tarragona gave two-thirds of Reus to Bertran de Castellet , as

528-639: Is the occasional risk of frost, hailstones and drought. The average annual temperature is 15 °C (59 °F), and average annual rainfall is 400–600 millimetres (16–24 in). The traditional grape variety grown in El Priorat is the red Garnatxa negre , which is found in all the older vineyards. Also authorized are the following red varieties: Garnacha Peluda , Cariñena (or Samsó) , Cabernet Franc , Cabernet Sauvignon , Merlot and Syrah . Four white varieties are also authorized: Garnacha blanca , Macabeo , Pedro Ximénez and Chenin . The trend among

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576-421: Is the production of olives and olive oil, the latter of which is certified under DOP Siurana. Historically there was greater production of hazelnuts and almonds but these activities have become mostly for personal use. In late 1800s, a devastating attack of the insect phylloxera destroyed vines and mining kept activities and around twenty mines opened at that time. Priorat saw a steady loss of population throughout

624-533: Is the so-called tronada , which is a series of 29 little mortars masclets with bangers interleaved, arranged linearly around the Mercadal square (where the city hall is located), united by a hand craft gunpowder line. This line ends in a square shape in front of the city hall, with more bangers and 9 more masclets . Also, on September 25, the Mare de Déu de la Misericòrdia is held. Other noteworthy festivities are

672-740: The Carnival and the Anada a l'Antiga towards Salou . Most of the neighborhoods have their own festivities. Besides the major festivities, Reus holds many festivals, for example Cos , a festival dedicated to mime, or El Trapezi , a festival with circus spectacles. In every odd numbered year the Reus Institut Municipal d’Accio Cultural presents the Biennals Internacionals de Fotografia Medalla Gaudi . This bi-annual exhibition features fine art photographers from around

720-504: The Priorat county , in the province of Tarragona , in the southwest of Catalonia . The DOQ covers 11 municipalities. It primarily produces powerful red wines , which came to international attention in the 1990s. The area is characterised by its unique terroir of black slate and quartz soil known as llicorella . It is one of only two wine regions in Spain to qualify as DOCa,

768-604: The Spanish and French Bourbons . In 1710 Reus returned again to the field of Archduke Charles . On 5 June 1712 the wife of the Archduke, Elisabeth Christine , gave the title of imperial city to Reus. In 1713 Reus was occupied finally by the Bourbon . In the eighteenth century Reus had phenomenal growth and became the second city of the principality of Catalonia . The walls were completely demolished in 1766. The town developed

816-483: The United Kingdom . Barcelona Airport is another airport which serves the area for those destinations not served by Reus Airport . The city is served by Reus Airport . The first flag of Reus was in use from 1774 to 1943. The flag was dark red with the city arms in the centre. In 1943 the flag was changed because the color red seemed to be associated with the left, defeated in the civil war (1936–39). As

864-632: The 1980s, he convinced others, including Palacios, to follow suit and plant new vineyards in suitable locations, all named Clos . For the first three vintages, 1989–1991, the group of five wineries pooled their grapes, shared a winery in Gratallops , and made one wine sold under five labels: Clos Mogador (Barbier), Clos Dofi (Palacios, later renamed to Finca Dofi), Clos Erasmus (Daphne Glorian), Clos Martinet (Josep Lluis Perez, now referred to as Mas Martinet), and Clos de l'Obac (Pastrana). From 1992, these wines were made separately. In 1993, Palacios produced

912-474: The 20th century due to a number of external factors such as the Spanish Civil War and the rise of coastal tourism. In 2004, with a more prosperous economy there was an overall increase in population that peaked in 2010 and has since been decreasing again each year. In 2001, the population was 9,196, with only the capital exceeding a population of 1,000 and while it has over 2,800 residents as of 2017,

960-649: The Archbishop López de Ayerbe , who sent an army that decimated the town. A second attack was repulsed. A third attack was led by military occupation of the town and Reus was sacked. The camerlengo Pere Roger de Belfort, nephew of Pope Clement VI , who was living in Avignon with his uncle, persuaded the Pope to call the archbishop of Tarragona and the Pope received a commitment for peace. Pere Roger de Belfort gave

1008-475: The Catalan newspaper Lo Somatent . In 1895 the phylloxera killed big areas of vineyards in the region of Reus and many of this areas were changed to hazelnuts . In 1931 Reus voted for the republic . In 1936 Francisco Franco bombed the city until his rebel army occupied the city on 15 January 1939, starting with the dictatorship of Franco until his death in 1975. The first democratic mayor after Franco

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1056-675: The Parliament and confiscated the goods of the inhabitants, as a response to the inactive participation in the war. In 1641 it was occupied by the French general La Mothe . Reus was loyal to Philip V until 1705, but this year, under the direction of Joan Nebot , revolted in favor of the Archduke Charles . On 3 July 1706 the Archduke Charles came to the town. In 1707 fell shortly to the Bourbons , but in 1709 Reus surrendered to

1104-791: The United States, Liguria , England, Holland , Sweden , Ragusa , Denmark , Sicily , the Papal States , France, Portugal , Naples and Prussia . In 1854 the Reus Gas Company was founded. In 1856 the railway between Reus and Tarragona was built. In 1884 the Catalan Association of Reus was founded and in 1893 was celebrated the Assembly of the Unió Catalana . In 1886 Pau Font de Rubinat founded

1152-419: The art of viticulture in the area. The prior of Scala Dei ruled as a feudal lord over seven villages in the area, which gave rise to the name Priorat. The monks tended the vineyards for centuries until 1835 when they were expropriated by the state, and distributed to smallholders. At the end of the 19th century, the phylloxera pest devastated the vineyards causing economic ruin and large scale emigration of

1200-436: The cliffs. Some are relatively easy, following old mule tracks, while others are only passable on foot, with dizzying views and some surprises. From the top there are magnificent views, over all the villages nestling at its foot. Priorat has a long growing season . The summers are hot and dry (with temperatures as high as 35 °C (95 °F)) while winters are cold (with temperatures as low as −4 °C (25 °F)). There

1248-532: The comarca overall has reduced to 9,345 from a high of 10,145 making it the 3rd least populated comarca in all of Catalonia. Priorat has an area of 496 km and is bordered by the River Ebro , and by the comarques of Ribera d'Ebre , Baix Camp , les Garrigues , and Conca de Barberà . The region is mostly hilly, and in the extreme north of the comarca is the Montsant mountain range, rising to over 1000 m;

1296-560: The end of 2008. Immigration , mostly from Marrakesh , has been a portion of that increase. About 6% are Muslim and 8% from other religions. According to the 2006 official Spanish census (source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística), Reus is the 9th most populous city in Catalonia and the 59th in Spain. Reus has a Hot-summer Mediterranean climate , the Köppen Climate Classification subtype for this climate

1344-463: The fact that these designations were exactly the same but in Catalan and Spanish, respectively, the situation was somewhat confused. A new set of DOQ rules was approved by the Catalan government in 2006. The regulatory body moved from Reus to Torroja del Priorat in 1999. The vineyard surface of Priorat has been continuously expanding since the Clos-led quality revolution in the 1990s. At the turn of

1392-609: The highest qualification level for a wine region according to Spanish wine regulations, alongside Rioja DOCa. Priorat is the Catalan word, the one that appears most often on wine labels, while the Castilian equivalent is Priorato . The first recorded evidence of grape growing and wine production dates from the 12th century, when the monks from the Carthusian Monastery of Scala Dei , founded in 1194, introduced

1440-665: The largest group of tourists comes from Russia, followed by France and Holland. Reus is close to the resort town of Salou and one of Europe's biggest theme resort at PortAventura World . Tour companies and buses operate services to Reus from tourist destinations in the region such as Salou , La Pineda and Cambrils . The accommodation in Reus consists of small hotels, hostels, and major chained hotels owned by NH Hoteles and Hotusa Group. Recently, Reus Airport has started to receive low cost flights from Ryanair that fly to Reus from many different European locations and North Africa. The airport also receives major charter flights from

1488-412: The millennium there was 1,000 hectares (2,500 acres) of vineyards, with an equal amount of planting rights secured. As of 2018, Priorat had 2,010 hectares (5,000 acres) of vineyards. The DOQ comprises the valleys of the rivers Siurana and Montsant. The vineyards are planted on the slopes on terraces at altitudes of between 100 metres (330 ft) and 700 metres (2,300 ft) above sea level. Priorat

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1536-430: The newer vineyards tend to be planted on trellises ( en espaldera ). As of 2018, Priorat had 2,010 hectares (5,000 acres) of vineyards, of which 1,872 hectares (4,630 acres) or 93% was planted with red varieties, and 138 hectares (340 acres) or 7% with white varieties. The average planting density was 2,850 vines per hectare, compared to the mandated 2,500 to 9,000 vines per hectare. The distribution of grape varieties

1584-597: The north (mitigated somewhat by the Serra de Montsant mountain range) and also the warm Mistral wind from the east. Declared a nature park in 2002, the Montsant Natural Park is a veritable symbol of the Priorat and of southern Catalonia. It is a compact massif, largely surrounded by cliffs and rocky slopes made up of Oligocene conglomerates. To get up there, choose your grau , one of the ways up and through

1632-484: The ownership of houses and gardens, establishing a census to pay for farmland and reserving justice, but recognizing its vassalage towards the archbishopric of Tarragona. On 2 June 1186 the camerlengo Joan de Santboi confirmed the rights given by the castellan Bernard de Bell-lloc. In 1305 Reus revolted against the Archbishop Rodrigo Tello , who wanted the citizens of Reus to pay for rebuilding

1680-474: The population. Before the phylloxera struck, Priorat is supposed to have had around 5,000 hectares (12,000 acres) of vineyards. It was not until the 1950s that replanting was undertaken. The DO Priorat was formally created in 1954. The seat of the DO's regulatory body was initially Reus , some 30 km to the east of the wine-region, rather than in Priorat itself. In the decade from 1985, the production of bulk wine

1728-459: The proportion of white grapes has dropped from 10% in 2001 to 4% in 2008, while the total production increased by 92% over the same period. The yield in 2008 corresponds to 2,700 kg of grapes per hectare compared to the official maximum of 6,000 kg per hectare, and corresponds to 16 hectoliter per hectare. The official maximum corresponds to a yield of 39 hectoliter per hectare, as a 65% conversion (0.65 litre of wine per kilogram of grapes)

1776-475: The red varieties is that Garnacha stays constant, Cariñena decreases and the international grape varieties increase. While Cabernet Sauvignon has always been in the lead among these, in recent years, Syrah has increased faster. Yields are very low, usually much lower than the authorized maximum yield of 6,000 kg/ha, due to the rocky nature of the soil that does not allow the accumulation of water. The vines are usually planted as low bushes ( en vaso ) though

1824-468: The roses off his coat to coat of arms of the town and he later became Pope Gregory XI , he retained the title as a camerlengo of Reus, so the coat of arms was crowned and adorned with, a papal tiara and the keys of St. Peter. At the beginning of the Catalan Revolt war the town had 1200 houses, but reduced to 800 by the end of the war. On 16 December 1640 was declared an enemy of the fatherland by

1872-460: The south is bordered by the Mola de Colldejou and the mountain ranges of Serra de Llaberia and Serra de Santa Marina . The climate is continental: dry and hot in summer, cold in the winter. 41°08′N 0°49′E  /  41.133°N 0.817°E  / 41.133; 0.817 Priorat (DOQ) Priorat is a Denominació d'Origen Qualificada (DOQ) for Catalan wines produced in

1920-494: The textile trade and the liquor trade. In this last contribution was the first center, the others were London and Paris . From this time it's the popular sentence "Reus, Paris and London”, because Reus was one of the centers of the liquor marquet. The construction of a canal between Reus and Salou, proposed by Pere Sunyer was granted in 1805, but it was stopped because of the French War . At this time Reus had consulates in

1968-527: The time of the Phylloxera plague. Currently it is known for its commercial activity, for being a centre for rock-climbing and as the birthplace of architect Antoni Gaudí . The origin of the name is a source of discussion. One of the theories is that Reus comes from the Latin word used to describe convict prisoners ( reus ), and as such, it would be a Roman penitentiary. Currently, the most accepted theory

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2016-617: The usual practice is to produce wines labeled as vino de guarda (aged wine), which has been in oak barrels for 18 months followed by 6 months in the bottle, with the optimal time for consumption being 2 years later. 41°08′N 0°49′E  /  41.133°N 0.817°E  / 41.133; 0.817 Reus Reus ( Catalan pronunciation: [ˈrɛws] ) is the capital of Baix Camp , in Camp de Tarragona , Catalonia , Spain. The area has always been an important producer of wines and spirits, and gained continental importance at

2064-416: The walls of Tarragona . In 1309 the king of Aragon gave Reus the right to hold a market on Mondays. The dynasty of Bell-lloc castellans became extinct in 1327 and then Bernard de Cabrera became the new castellan, but in 1335 the castellan was sold to Pere Mulet , who lost it on 1345. Pere Mulet heirs sold their rights to Bernat d'Olzinelles in 1349. The camerlengo Pere Roger de Belfort disputed domain to

2112-411: The wine and keep the vines firmly anchored to the earth during the strong winds and storms which are common to the area. Even though Priorat DOQ covers a small area, there are several different micro-climates present. Generally, the climate is more extreme than most continental climate areas, though there is a marked contrast between the valleys and the higher areas. There are both freezing winds from

2160-808: The world working in Alternative Photographic Processes (such as Platinum Printing, Gum Dichromate, Etc.). At each Biennal they award the Medalla Gaudi award to a select few artists and purchase their work for the Institut Municipal d’Accio Cultural's permanent collection. The city of Reus has many Catalan modernist buildings. Although Antoni Gaudí was born in Reus, there are no buildings designed by him; there are, however, numerous modernist buildings from his colleagues as Lluís Domènech i Montaner , Pere Caselles i Tarrats and Pere Domènech Roura . The city has

2208-417: Was Carles Martí Massagué , lawyer of Reus. In 1983 Anton Borrell Marcó was the new mayor of the city, but he died in a car accident on the road from Reus to Cambrils, then his successor was Juan Maria Roig . After him, Josep Abelló Padró was the mayor until 1999, replaced by Lluís Miquel Pérez Segura , who occupied the position until 2011, when the current mayor, Carles Pellicer i Punyed , started. Reus

2256-401: Was for long the second city of Catalonia with a population of 14,440 in 1787 and 27,257 in 1860. It was overtaken by Tarragona and Lleida between 1900 and 1930. The population barely grew between 1920 and 1930, with 30,266 and 35,950 inhabitants, respectively. From then, the population growth has been substantial, from 41,014 inhabitants in 1960 to 108,100 inhabitants that the city has as of

2304-582: Was phased out and bottling of quality wine phased in. Early on, winemaking cooperatives dominated. Much of the development of Priorat wines to top class is credited to Carles Pastrana, René Barbier and Álvaro Palacios. Winemaker Barbier, then active at a winery in Rioja owned by the Palacios family, bought his first land for Priorat vineyards in 1979, convinced of the region's potential. At this stage, there were 600 hectares (1,500 acres) of Priorat vineyards. In

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